US3439871A - Centrifuge for treating liquid and/or solid materials - Google Patents

Centrifuge for treating liquid and/or solid materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3439871A
US3439871A US661109A US3439871DA US3439871A US 3439871 A US3439871 A US 3439871A US 661109 A US661109 A US 661109A US 3439871D A US3439871D A US 3439871DA US 3439871 A US3439871 A US 3439871A
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Prior art keywords
liquid
centrifuge
containers
distributor
head
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Expired - Lifetime
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US661109A
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English (en)
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Hans Peter Olof Unger
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/08—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks
    • F16K11/083—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with tapered plug
    • F16K11/0836—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with tapered plug having all the connecting conduits situated in more than one plane perpendicular to the axis of the plug
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0407—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles
    • B04B5/0414—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles comprising test tubes

Definitions

  • a centrifuging device comprising a rotatable centrifuging head adapted to support a plurality of containers for the material to be treated in a substantially radial position with respect to the axis of rotation.
  • the centrifuging head also carries a liquid distributing device the position of which with respect to the centrifuging head can be varied such as by tilting it and vertically displacing it with respect to the centrifuging head, and which is provided with means for supplying liquid or liquid suspensions to the containers.
  • the present invention relates to a centrifuge for treating liquid and/ or solid materials, and more particularly to a centrifuge of the kind wherein provision is made for uniform distribution of liquids or liquid suspensions to a number of containers, which are releasably secured to the centrifuge head and, furthermore, for transferring liquids from the containers and resuspending particles present in liquids, after centrifuging down said particles in the containers.
  • the treatment in view is desirous, e.g. in blood-group serology, particularly in carrying out the (AHG) Moreschi-Coombs test, where it is desired to free a cellsuspension from surplus albumin by way of washing with saline.
  • one object of the invention is to provide an improved centrifuge which satisfies this requirement.
  • the centrifuge according to the present invention connects to the centrifuges according to the above-mentioned US. patents.
  • a centrifuge for treating liquid and/ or solid materials and having a rotatable centrifuge head for holding containers for material to be treated radially with respect to the rotational axis of the centrifuge head, a liquid distributor centrally disposed in the centrifuge head, a number of hoses or tubes leading from the liquid distributor and opening into the containers, so that equal amounts of liquid from the liquid distributor can be introduced into the containers, characterized in that the liquid distributor is tiltable and vertically displaceable with respect to the centrifuge head.
  • liquid distributor is rigidly attached to a vertical liquid inlet pipe which is tiltable and vertically displaceable in the centrifufie head,
  • the hoses being adaped on tilting of the liquid distributor to perform reciprocating and beating movements in the containers.
  • the invention permits the construction of a centrifuge which speedily and effecively washes e.g. cells and resuspends them without thereby creating loss of cells and without obstructing the mounting and dismounting of the containers by blocking the supply hoses opening into the containers which supply hoses in their operative position otherwise easily dip into the centrifugate when the containers are dismounted.
  • Centrifuges according to the invention can be manufactured in accordance with simple principles of construction at a low manufacturing price and require little maintenance.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically in vertical section one.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically in vertical view a part of the upper portion of the centrifuge in operation
  • FIG. 3 shows the same part at rest
  • FIG. 4 shows in horizontal view a part of the control mechanism of the centrifuge
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically an embodiment of the liquid distributor, as well as a method for its operation
  • FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the liquid distributor
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of the liquid distributor
  • FIG. 8 shows a vertical view through a tool in which a centrifuge head is manufactured
  • FIG. 9 shows a reverse horizontal view of the centrifuge head. 1
  • FIG. 10 shows in vertical section another embodiment of a centrifuge.
  • the centrifuge comprises a rotatable centrifuge head 10 which by means of a belt-drive 11 is driven from an electric motor not shown in the drawings.
  • a liquid distributor 12 Centrally disposed in the head 10 is a liquid distributor 12 to which is secured a liquid supply pipe 13, which is vertically displaceable in a support 13' (e.g. a nylon bearing) and tiltable, the liquid distributor 12 being constrained for movement with the pipe 13, so that the position of the liquid distributor with respect to the centrifuge head 10 will be variable.
  • T0 the liquid distributor 12 are connected a number of hoses 14, 14', which are introduced in tubular containers 15, 15', which can be releasably secured to the peripheral portion of the centrifuge head 12.
  • liquid or liquid suspension
  • the liquid (however not any possible particles), leaves the rnouths of the hoses 14, 14', turns at the bottoms of the containers 15, 15' and is transported away at the mouths Olf the containers into a protective bowl 16.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically an accentric or tilted position of the liquid distributor 12, achieved by lateral displacement of the lower portion of the liquid supply pipe 13.
  • the hoses 14, 14' connected to the distributor 12 therefore perform rotating as well as reciprocating movements in the containers 15, 15. These agitating movements bring about an instantaneous resuspension of the particles in the containers.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a positionwhere the liquid distributor 12 is displaced upwardly with respect to the centrifuge head 10. As a result of this displacement the hoses 14, 14 connected to the liquid distributor 12 are moved centrally upwards from the bottoms of the containers 15, 15.
  • FIG. 5 shows another method than in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 to operate the liquid distributor 17 in order to attain the same agitation effect, i.e. resuspension of the particles in the containers 15, 15'.
  • the liquid distributor 17 is tilted by a rod 18 connected to the distributor 17.
  • the rod '18 is held by means of a rubber plate 19 secured to the centrifuge head below the distributor 17.
  • the method is primarily employed in manual operation. In this case, the liquid is supplied to the distributor 17 from above through a liquid supply pipe 20.
  • FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the liquid distributor 21, in the centre of which is horizontally arranged a liquid spreader plate 22, which serves to spread the liquid-centrally supplied through a liquid supply pipe 23-to a thin, uniform film of liquid, which is brought to uniformly leave the periphery of the spreader plate 22, whereby equal amounts of liquid are transferred to the respective outlet sections and containers 15, 15.
  • FIG. 7 shows a. further embodiment of the liquid -d1stributor 24, where the liquid is supplied from above through a smaller pipe 25 and where the bottom of the distributor 24 consists of a liquid spreader plate of similar function as the spreader plate 22 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.
  • this liquid SUIPPIY pipe 25 is angularly bent such that its mouth faces peripheral outlet sections 26, 26' of the diStl'lbUtOl:. Thereby, there is achieved a uniform distribution of liquid, in that the outlet sections 26, 26 passing under rotation are receiving equal amounts of liquid from mouth of the supply pipe.
  • FIGURE 7 also shows a simple way of adapting the tubes connected to the liquid distributor 24, in this case the hoses 14, 14', which are fitte d in tapering bores in the distributor by means of press rings 27, 27 centrally introduced .in the hoses.
  • the hoses are sealingly retained in the distributor but can be easily released by pushing them towards the centre.
  • a larger liquid outlet pipe 28 the function of which is to release under a short period of time larger amounts of liquid which are uniformly distributed on the bottom of the liquid distributor and rapidly supplied in the form of liquid pulses to the containers on the centrifuge head.
  • liquid supply interrupted during the agitation also small amounts of liquid can be. suppliedto the liquid distributor during agitation, i.e. in the tilted position of the distributor, but only with such rate of flow of the liquid that the flow of liquid into the containers does not exceed the rate of sedimentation of the particles in the prevailing centrifugal field.
  • the particles are constantly kept under agitation, i.e. kept resuspended in the containers without leaving the containers.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a tool 29 for manufacturing the type of centrifuge head which according to the invention is the most suitable.
  • the tool 29 houses cartridges 30, 30 which are displaceable, e.g. under the action of pressure and suction and serve to form sockets for the containers 15, 15 in the centrifuge head 10.
  • FIG. 9, illustrating the underside of the centrifuge head 10 shows a number of inspection holes 31, 3 1' provided in the centrifugal head. These holes 31, 31' are arranged along a spiral line and extend to the sockets to permit inspection of the contents of the containers during treatment. Alternatively, the inspection hole has the form of a slot, opening up at the sockets of the containers 15, 15.
  • FIG. 1 shows a semiautomatic embodiment of the centrifuge.
  • a lever 32 is connected to the liquid supply pipe 13 of the liquid distributor 12.
  • the liquid distributor is tilted and displaced as required.
  • liquid is supplied to the containers 15, 15 of the centrifuge head 10.
  • agitation is effected, and in the upper position of the liquor distributor shown in FIG. 3 the containers 15, 15 can be easily secured to or removed from the centrifuge head 10.
  • a valve mechanism for the liquid supply to the liquid distributor is schematically shown in FIG. 1 and comprises a plunger 33 provided with a hole, said plunger being connected to the lever 32 already described, by means of which the supply pipe 13 of the liquid distributor 12 is displaced and tilted. Movements of the lever 32 result in corresponding movements of the plunger 33 which only in one single position which corresponds to the centered, lower position of the liquid distributor 12 shown in FIG. 1, supplies liquid, whereas in all other positions the plunger 33 prevents liquid supply to the liquid distributor.
  • a compressed coil-spring 34 is arranged to automatically displace the liquid distributor 12 and its supply pipe 13 upwardly after terminated treatment of the contents of the containers 15, 15'.
  • a control device 35, 36, 37, 38 for fully automatic operation is indicated in phantom lines as is an incandescent lamp 39 for facilitating inspection.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a centrifuge for sterile washing.
  • Liquid is supplied from tanks 40 and 41 under control from a solenoid valve 42.
  • the liquid flows through a sterile assembly 43, which is displaceable in a cover 52 of the centrifuge, to a rotating sterile assembly 44, from which the liquid is uniformly distributed to blood containers 45, 45.
  • the liquid leaves the containers 45, 45' through tubing 47, 47 and is fed to a waste conduit 46.
  • the cell concentrate in the containers 45, 45 is resuspended as described above with reference to FIG. 2 by deflecting the shaft 44 of the sterile assemblies by means of a solenoid actuator 48 during rotation of the centrifuge head 49.
  • the casing 53 of the centrifuge also houses a device 51 for automatically controlling the operation of the centrifuge drive 50.
  • the centrifuge according to the present invention possesses essential advantages, such as faster exchange of containers and prevention of possibilities for the hoses or tubes to inadvertently stir the centrifugate (cells or the like), in that the ends of the hoses or tubes are positioned-at the moment of exchange-at the orifices of the containers. Moreover, there is achieved a more gentle and more efficient agitation in that the hoses or the tubes are serving as agitating means, so that it will not be necessary to rotate the containers. Furthermore, the invention entails a simplification of the entire apparatus, which permits its manufacture in series at low cost.
  • centrifuges By means of centrifuges according to the invention it is possible to treat larger amounts of sterile blood.
  • the centrifuge is of rather large size, and as containers can serve bags, suitably of plastics material.
  • the working process is suitably automatically controlled and the centrifuge built to a closed system for operation under sterile conditions, incorporating sterile couplings containing disinfecting solution; the containers (bags) being intended for single or repeated use. It is thus possible, under sterile conditions, to mix (wash) and separate components, e.g., different cells and carrier liquids from one another and moreover, still under sterile conditions, to supply diiferent liquids for washing and removal of abovementioned components.
  • a centrifuge for treating liquid and/or solid materials having a rotatable centrifuge head for holding containers for material to be treated radially With respect to the rotational axis of the centrifuge head, a liquid distributor centrally disposed in the centrifuge head, a number of hoses or tubes leading from the liquid distributor and opening into the containers, so that equal amounts of liquid from the liquid distributor can be introduced into the containers, characterized in that the liquid distributor is tiltable and vertically displaceable With respect to the centrifuge head.
  • a centrifuge according to claim 1 characterized in that the liquid distributor is rigidly attached to a vertical liquid inlet pipe which is tiltable and vertically displaceable in the centrifuge head.
  • a centrifuge according to claim 2 characterized in that the hoses are adapted on tilting of the liquid distributor to perform reciprocating and beating movements in the containers.
  • a centrifuge according to claim 2 characterized in that the hoses are adapted on upward displacement of the liquid distributor to be displaced from the radially outer portions of the containers to the radially inner portions thereof.
  • a centrifuge according to claim 1 characterized in that the bottom of the liquid distributor is provided with a circular spreader plate for uniform spreading of liquid brought onto the plate.
  • a centrifuge according to claim 2 characterized in that the liquid distributor is tiltable by means of a lever.
  • a centrifuge according to claim 1 characterized in that the movements of the liquor distributor are automatically controlled by means of an automatic control device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
US661109A 1966-08-22 1967-08-16 Centrifuge for treating liquid and/or solid materials Expired - Lifetime US3439871A (en)

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SE11288/66A SE327101B (zh) 1966-08-22 1966-08-22

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2120686A1 (de) * 1970-04-29 1971-11-11 Becton Dickinson Co Vorrichtung zum aufeinanderfolgenden Einfüllen einer abgemessenen Flüssigkeitsmenge in eine Anzahl von Behältern, insbesondere Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Antiglobulintests
US3882716A (en) * 1972-07-17 1975-05-13 Elliott Beiman Centrifugal apparatus and cell
DE2419865A1 (de) * 1971-12-17 1975-11-06 American Hospital Supply Corp Zentrifugenrotor
US4015774A (en) * 1976-06-07 1977-04-05 Minneapolis War Memorial Blood Bank Dual centrifuge and sample container
US4162856A (en) * 1976-05-25 1979-07-31 Honeywell Inc. Agitation apparatus
US4381072A (en) * 1980-04-11 1983-04-26 Atto Corporation Method and device for separately collecting components of a liquid by means of a centrifugal rotor
US4449964A (en) * 1983-02-17 1984-05-22 Separex Teknik Ab Decanting centrifuge
US4822331A (en) * 1987-11-09 1989-04-18 Taylor David C Centrifuge
US5354254A (en) * 1993-04-15 1994-10-11 Separation Technology, Inc. Centrifuge rotor head with tube neck support
DE19632875A1 (de) * 1996-08-16 1998-02-19 Norbert Kraemer Gerät zur Trennung von Substanzen nach der Masse und/oder Dichte
US20030216238A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Bio cell cleaning centrifuge having bio cell cleaning rotor provided with cleaning liquid distributor
US20030216237A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Bio cell cleaning centrifuge having detachable chamber body
DE102008052232A1 (de) * 2008-10-17 2010-05-20 Qiagen Gmbh Rotor für eine Zentrifuge
US20150005150A1 (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-01 Chopin Technologies Shaking and centrifuging device
US20150003183A1 (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-01 Chopin Technologies Shaking device
EP4302879A1 (en) * 2022-07-08 2024-01-10 Thermo Electron SAS Retaining ring for a centrifuge

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109482372B (zh) * 2018-12-10 2021-01-29 福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院 一种医院检验科用双模式血液离心机

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US239659A (en) * 1881-04-05 Vania
US2834541A (en) * 1956-09-20 1958-05-13 Sorvall Inc Ivan Centrifuging apparatus and system
GB864410A (en) * 1958-04-15 1961-04-06 Sorvall Inc Ivan Continuous centrifuge
US3175732A (en) * 1960-07-28 1965-03-30 Unger Hans Peter Olof Device for measuring and dividing of liquids
US3235173A (en) * 1960-07-28 1966-02-15 Unger Hans Peter Olof Agitating and/or fractioning centrifuge
US3347454A (en) * 1964-05-13 1967-10-17 Baxter Laboratories Inc Method and apparatus for the centrifugal washing of particles in a closed system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US239659A (en) * 1881-04-05 Vania
US2834541A (en) * 1956-09-20 1958-05-13 Sorvall Inc Ivan Centrifuging apparatus and system
GB864410A (en) * 1958-04-15 1961-04-06 Sorvall Inc Ivan Continuous centrifuge
US3175732A (en) * 1960-07-28 1965-03-30 Unger Hans Peter Olof Device for measuring and dividing of liquids
US3235173A (en) * 1960-07-28 1966-02-15 Unger Hans Peter Olof Agitating and/or fractioning centrifuge
US3347454A (en) * 1964-05-13 1967-10-17 Baxter Laboratories Inc Method and apparatus for the centrifugal washing of particles in a closed system

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2120686A1 (de) * 1970-04-29 1971-11-11 Becton Dickinson Co Vorrichtung zum aufeinanderfolgenden Einfüllen einer abgemessenen Flüssigkeitsmenge in eine Anzahl von Behältern, insbesondere Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Antiglobulintests
US3712535A (en) * 1970-04-29 1973-01-23 Becton Dickinson Co Centrifuge rotor and sample holder with agitating means
DE2419865A1 (de) * 1971-12-17 1975-11-06 American Hospital Supply Corp Zentrifugenrotor
US3882716A (en) * 1972-07-17 1975-05-13 Elliott Beiman Centrifugal apparatus and cell
US4162856A (en) * 1976-05-25 1979-07-31 Honeywell Inc. Agitation apparatus
US4015774A (en) * 1976-06-07 1977-04-05 Minneapolis War Memorial Blood Bank Dual centrifuge and sample container
US4381072A (en) * 1980-04-11 1983-04-26 Atto Corporation Method and device for separately collecting components of a liquid by means of a centrifugal rotor
US4449964A (en) * 1983-02-17 1984-05-22 Separex Teknik Ab Decanting centrifuge
US4822331A (en) * 1987-11-09 1989-04-18 Taylor David C Centrifuge
US5354254A (en) * 1993-04-15 1994-10-11 Separation Technology, Inc. Centrifuge rotor head with tube neck support
DE19632875A1 (de) * 1996-08-16 1998-02-19 Norbert Kraemer Gerät zur Trennung von Substanzen nach der Masse und/oder Dichte
US20030216238A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Bio cell cleaning centrifuge having bio cell cleaning rotor provided with cleaning liquid distributor
US20030216237A1 (en) * 2002-05-17 2003-11-20 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Bio cell cleaning centrifuge having detachable chamber body
US6846281B2 (en) * 2002-05-17 2005-01-25 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Bio cell cleaning centrifuge having detachable chamber body
US6857997B2 (en) * 2002-05-17 2005-02-22 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Bio cell cleaning centrifuge having bio cell cleaning rotor provided with cleaning liquid distributor
DE102008052232A1 (de) * 2008-10-17 2010-05-20 Qiagen Gmbh Rotor für eine Zentrifuge
US20150005150A1 (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-01 Chopin Technologies Shaking and centrifuging device
US20150003183A1 (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-01 Chopin Technologies Shaking device
US10010837B2 (en) * 2013-07-01 2018-07-03 Chopin Technologies Shaking device
EP4302879A1 (en) * 2022-07-08 2024-01-10 Thermo Electron SAS Retaining ring for a centrifuge

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Publication number Publication date
GB1167434A (en) 1969-10-15
SE327101B (zh) 1970-08-10

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