US3397560A - Method of hot extrusion of metals and alloys on slowly operated presses - Google Patents
Method of hot extrusion of metals and alloys on slowly operated presses Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3397560A US3397560A US556131A US55613166A US3397560A US 3397560 A US3397560 A US 3397560A US 556131 A US556131 A US 556131A US 55613166 A US55613166 A US 55613166A US 3397560 A US3397560 A US 3397560A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- billet
- extrusion
- die
- alloys
- ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
Definitions
- FIGURE 1 is an axial section view of an example of an extrusion in a known manner, and its upper part shows a billet 1 in a container 1a before the beginning of the extrusion.
- the billet has a large surface of contact with a deformable disc of agglomerated lubricant 2, which rests against the face 3a of a die 3.
- the lower part of FIGURE 1 shows the extruding billet wherein the disc 2 has deformed into shape 2' and an extruded bar 4 has been produced.
- the initial compression of the lubricating disc and of the billet in the container as well as the immediately following extrusion occur within a short time (for example 2 to 5 seconds). Thanks to the short time of contact between the billet and the lubricant, it is possible to select the composition of the lubricating disc so that (i) during the compression the surface of the disc is softened enough but not too much for properly lubricating the beginning of the extrusion operation; and (ii) the bulk of the disc is progressively softened. This produces a continuous thin film of lubricant for the extrusion operation.
- One can also use slowly operating presses i.e., presses with a long cycle of working, for example several minutes and even exceeding minutes.
- these presses are very powerful; the contact time between the billet and the lubricant is comparatively long; it reaches or even exceeds 10 to seconds.
- the lateral surface of the extruded product shows scars and depressions denoting that an excessive amount of glass has flowed along with the metal during its extrusion.
- the method comprises forming a ring of agglomerated lubricating powder having the same outside diameter as the billet and such a volume that after upsetting it becomes substantially trapped between the lateral surface of the container, the entrance face of the die and the previously rounded or chamfered portion of the billet, placing the ring against the entrance face of the die, introducing the billet and proceeding the extrusion.
- the hot billet upsets the ring of the deformable lubricating-material and, at the same time, it melts a small superficial amount of the latter sufiicient for covering the main part of the front billet face "ice with a continuous thin film of viscous lubricant.
- This film initially ensures a proper lubricating and thermalinsulation between the billet and the entrance face of the die.
- the ring of lubricant in a solid state has been trapped between the container wall, the die and the peripheral rounded or chamfered front portion of the billet. While the metal of the billet slowly flows along the small surface of the lubricating ring, a small amount of the ring melts and radially flows in a film along the die face so that the extrusion is properly lubricated.
- the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous when the extrusion ratio is high, because, in this case, the entrance face of the die has a large radial width and the mass of lubricant softened along it in the known manner would soon be detrimental for the quality of the extruded bar.
- FIGURE 2 is an axial section view which shows an example of the die lubrication according to the invention, and its upper part shows a billet 1 in the container 1a before the beginning of the extrusion. Substantially only its peripheral, rounded outer front edge is in contact with a part of a deformable ring of agglomerated lubricant 2a, which rests in the angle formed by the die and the container 1a.
- the lower part of FIGURE 2 shows the extrusion operation wherein the solid ring of lubricant is limited by a circle 5, within which only a film 6 of lubricant flows from its mass 2 between the billet 1 and the die 3.
- the method according to the invention is applicable to any die shape which provides a recess for the solid lubricant, whether the entrance die face is uniformly flat, or fiat with a conical junction to the container wall, or slightly conical along its whole width.
- the down stream shape of the lubricating ring has to be designed to match with the relevant part of the die face.
- Example.Carbon steel billets 19%" in diameter were extruded into round solid bars 6%" in diameter. 0n each billet, a 2" radius was machined along the front peripheral edge, then the billet was heated to 2100 F. Next, its lateral surface was coated with a glass lubricant in a known manner and it was inserted into the container of an extrusion press which had a force of 12,000 sh. tons. The inside diameter of the container was 20 /2", and its downstream end was fitted with a flat faced die against which a ring of agglomerated glass powder was placed. The half axial section of the ring was shaped in a square, the sides of which were 2" so that the inside diameter of the ring was 15%. Twenty seconds after the billet was inserted into the container, the whole force of the press was switched on and an extruded product was obtained. The entire length of the product showed a great dimensional accuracy and was free from any surface defect, which proved a thoroughly adequate lubrication.
- the invention comprises forming a ring of agglomerated lubricating powder having the same outside diameter as the billet and such a volume that after upsetting it becomes substantially trapped between the lateral surface of the container, the entrance face of the 3 die and the previously rounded or chamfered portion of the billet, placing the ring against the entrance face of the die, introducing the billet and proceeding the extrusion.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Aug. 20, 1968 R. A. KAPRELIAN 3,397,560
METHOD OF HOT EXTRUSION OF METALS AND ALLOYS O N S L 0 W L Y O P E R A T E D P R E s S ES Fig 2 INVENTOR.
ATTOAIVEVS'.
United States Patent 20,803 1 Claim. (CI. 72-41) In hot extrusion of steel and of metals and alloys difficult to deform the die is lubricated by placing against it a disc made of a deformable solid material able to become superficially viscous by contact with the hot billet to be extruded. In this extrusion the disc is either solid or hollowed in its center portion to offer a large surface of contact with the front face of the billet as soon as the latter is in the container.
FIGURE 1 is an axial section view of an example of an extrusion in a known manner, and its upper part shows a billet 1 in a container 1a before the beginning of the extrusion. The billet has a large surface of contact with a deformable disc of agglomerated lubricant 2, which rests against the face 3a of a die 3. The lower part of FIGURE 1 shows the extruding billet wherein the disc 2 has deformed into shape 2' and an extruded bar 4 has been produced.
When using presses with a short lasting operating cycle (for example 30 to 80 seconds), the initial compression of the lubricating disc and of the billet in the container as well as the immediately following extrusion occur within a short time (for example 2 to 5 seconds). Thanks to the short time of contact between the billet and the lubricant, it is possible to select the composition of the lubricating disc so that (i) during the compression the surface of the disc is softened enough but not too much for properly lubricating the beginning of the extrusion operation; and (ii) the bulk of the disc is progressively softened. This produces a continuous thin film of lubricant for the extrusion operation.
One can also use slowly operating presses, i.e., presses with a long cycle of working, for example several minutes and even exceeding minutes. Generally, these presses are very powerful; the contact time between the billet and the lubricant is comparatively long; it reaches or even exceeds 10 to seconds. When using lubricating discs with such presses, the lateral surface of the extruded product shows scars and depressions denoting that an excessive amount of glass has flowed along with the metal during its extrusion.
This invention avoids this drawback and relates to an improvement in the method of lubricating the die in the hot extrusion of metals and alloys from slowly operating presses. More specifically, the method comprises forming a ring of agglomerated lubricating powder having the same outside diameter as the billet and such a volume that after upsetting it becomes substantially trapped between the lateral surface of the container, the entrance face of the die and the previously rounded or chamfered portion of the billet, placing the ring against the entrance face of the die, introducing the billet and proceeding the extrusion.
Before any deformation, the contact between the billet heated to hot extrusion temperature and this ring occurs only along a small surface area.
Just before being upset, the hot billet upsets the ring of the deformable lubricating-material and, at the same time, it melts a small superficial amount of the latter sufiicient for covering the main part of the front billet face "ice with a continuous thin film of viscous lubricant. This film initially ensures a proper lubricating and thermalinsulation between the billet and the entrance face of the die.
When the extrusion is proceeding, the ring of lubricant in a solid state has been trapped between the container wall, the die and the peripheral rounded or chamfered front portion of the billet. While the metal of the billet slowly flows along the small surface of the lubricating ring, a small amount of the ring melts and radially flows in a film along the die face so that the extrusion is properly lubricated.
It is thus possible to use with slowly operating presses the same lubricating material as with fast operating presses, and to achieve at the same time a correct lubrication both at the beginning of and during the extrusion.
The method according to the invention is particularly advantageous when the extrusion ratio is high, because, in this case, the entrance face of the die has a large radial width and the mass of lubricant softened along it in the known manner would soon be detrimental for the quality of the extruded bar.
FIGURE 2 is an axial section view which shows an example of the die lubrication according to the invention, and its upper part shows a billet 1 in the container 1a before the beginning of the extrusion. Substantially only its peripheral, rounded outer front edge is in contact with a part of a deformable ring of agglomerated lubricant 2a, which rests in the angle formed by the die and the container 1a. The lower part of FIGURE 2 shows the extrusion operation wherein the solid ring of lubricant is limited by a circle 5, within which only a film 6 of lubricant flows from its mass 2 between the billet 1 and the die 3.
The method according to the invention is applicable to any die shape which provides a recess for the solid lubricant, whether the entrance die face is uniformly flat, or fiat with a conical junction to the container wall, or slightly conical along its whole width. The down stream shape of the lubricating ring has to be designed to match with the relevant part of the die face.
Example.Carbon steel billets 19%" in diameter were extruded into round solid bars 6%" in diameter. 0n each billet, a 2" radius was machined along the front peripheral edge, then the billet was heated to 2100 F. Next, its lateral surface was coated with a glass lubricant in a known manner and it was inserted into the container of an extrusion press which had a force of 12,000 sh. tons. The inside diameter of the container was 20 /2", and its downstream end was fitted with a flat faced die against which a ring of agglomerated glass powder was placed. The half axial section of the ring was shaped in a square, the sides of which were 2" so that the inside diameter of the ring was 15%. Twenty seconds after the billet was inserted into the container, the whole force of the press was switched on and an extruded product was obtained. The entire length of the product showed a great dimensional accuracy and was free from any surface defect, which proved a thoroughly adequate lubrication.
While I have shown and described a preferred embodiment of my invention, it may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the appended claim.
Iclaim:
1. In hot extrusion of metals and alloys on a slowly operating press, the invention comprises forming a ring of agglomerated lubricating powder having the same outside diameter as the billet and such a volume that after upsetting it becomes substantially trapped between the lateral surface of the container, the entrance face of the 3 die and the previously rounded or chamfered portion of the billet, placing the ring against the entrance face of the die, introducing the billet and proceeding the extrusion.
References Cited 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,887,224 5/1959 St-ulen 72253 2,946,437 7/1960 Edgecombe 72-42 4 Clatot et a1. 72-42 Frost 72-42 Bullet 7241 Stulen 7241 Buffet 72-41 CHARLES W. LANHAM, Primary Examiner.
E. M. COMBS, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. IN HOT EXTRUSION OF METALS AND ALLOYS ON A SLOWLY OPERATING PRESS, THE INVENTION COMPRISES FORMING A RING OF AGGLOMERATED LUBRICATING POWDER HAVING THE SAME OUTSIDE DIAMETER AS THE BILLET AND SUCH A VOLUME THAT AFTER UPSETTING IT BECOMES SUBSTANTIALLY TRAPPED BETWEEN THE LATERAL SURFACE OF THE CONTAINER, THE ENTRANCE FACE OF THE DIE AND THE PREVIOUSLY ROUNDED OR CHAMFERED PORTIONOF THE BILLET, PLACING THE RING AGAINST THE ENTRANCE FACE OF THE DIE, INTRODUCING THE BILLET AND PROCEEDING THE EXTRUSION.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR20803A FR1447326A (en) | 1965-06-15 | 1965-06-15 | Hot-spinning of metals and alloys in slow-moving presses |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3397560A true US3397560A (en) | 1968-08-20 |
Family
ID=8582001
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US556131A Expired - Lifetime US3397560A (en) | 1965-06-15 | 1966-06-08 | Method of hot extrusion of metals and alloys on slowly operated presses |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3397560A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1527777A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1447326A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1146718A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110219837A1 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2011-09-15 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Upper-end formed glass complex for hot expanding piercing and method of manufacturing billet for hot extrusion pipe making |
US20150298189A1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2015-10-22 | Korea Institute Of Industrial Technology | Extrusion die using shock-absorbing pad and method for manufacturing extrusion |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2887224A (en) * | 1953-10-27 | 1959-05-19 | Curtiss Wright Corp | Extrusion die lubrication |
US2946437A (en) * | 1955-05-31 | 1960-07-26 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Extrusion of metal billets |
US3021594A (en) * | 1958-02-05 | 1962-02-20 | Brev Cls Soc D Expl Des | Metal-shaping lubricant compositions and method |
US3059769A (en) * | 1959-04-14 | 1962-10-23 | Cefilac | Extrusion lubrication |
US3182474A (en) * | 1959-10-07 | 1965-05-11 | Cefilac | Hot extrusion of materials |
US3191413A (en) * | 1962-08-28 | 1965-06-29 | Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp | Extrusion apparatus with removable die insert |
US3335589A (en) * | 1964-10-29 | 1967-08-15 | Cefilac | Hot working of materials |
-
1965
- 1965-06-15 FR FR20803A patent/FR1447326A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-05-05 DE DE19661527777 patent/DE1527777A1/en active Pending
- 1966-06-08 US US556131A patent/US3397560A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-06-13 GB GB26186/66A patent/GB1146718A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2887224A (en) * | 1953-10-27 | 1959-05-19 | Curtiss Wright Corp | Extrusion die lubrication |
US2946437A (en) * | 1955-05-31 | 1960-07-26 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Extrusion of metal billets |
US3021594A (en) * | 1958-02-05 | 1962-02-20 | Brev Cls Soc D Expl Des | Metal-shaping lubricant compositions and method |
US3059769A (en) * | 1959-04-14 | 1962-10-23 | Cefilac | Extrusion lubrication |
US3182474A (en) * | 1959-10-07 | 1965-05-11 | Cefilac | Hot extrusion of materials |
US3191413A (en) * | 1962-08-28 | 1965-06-29 | Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp | Extrusion apparatus with removable die insert |
US3335589A (en) * | 1964-10-29 | 1967-08-15 | Cefilac | Hot working of materials |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110219837A1 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2011-09-15 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Upper-end formed glass complex for hot expanding piercing and method of manufacturing billet for hot extrusion pipe making |
US8327676B2 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2012-12-11 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Upper-end formed glass complex for hot expanding piercing and method of manufacturing billet for hot extrusion pipe making |
US20150298189A1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2015-10-22 | Korea Institute Of Industrial Technology | Extrusion die using shock-absorbing pad and method for manufacturing extrusion |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1527777A1 (en) | 1971-12-30 |
GB1146718A (en) | 1969-03-26 |
FR1447326A (en) | 1966-07-29 |
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