US3353920A - High severity pyrolysis apparatus - Google Patents

High severity pyrolysis apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3353920A
US3353920A US411079A US41107964A US3353920A US 3353920 A US3353920 A US 3353920A US 411079 A US411079 A US 411079A US 41107964 A US41107964 A US 41107964A US 3353920 A US3353920 A US 3353920A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
temperature
cracking
furnace
products
high severity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US411079A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Maurice R Kitzen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Selas Corp of America
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Selas Corp of America filed Critical Selas Corp of America
Priority to US411079A priority Critical patent/US3353920A/en
Priority to GB35746/65A priority patent/GB1121528A/en
Priority to DE19651493115 priority patent/DE1493115A1/de
Priority to FR36479A priority patent/FR1451819A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3353920A publication Critical patent/US3353920A/en
Assigned to FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION reassignment FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA
Assigned to SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA reassignment SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK
Assigned to LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY reassignment LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • C10G9/20—Tube furnaces

Definitions

  • This invention relates to high severity pyrolysis .and more particularly to a high severity hydrocarbon cracking apparatus.
  • FIG. l is a schematic illustration of one specific form of radiant furnace installation constructed for high se- Verity pyrolysis according to this invention.
  • FIGS. 2-6 are graphic illustrations based on actual high severity pyrolysis runs showing the inter-relationship of the operating variables according to this invention.
  • the high temperature furnace preferably equipped with gas-fired radiant heating burners 3,353,920 Patented Nov. 21, 1967 ICC as at 2, 2 (a) is itted with serpentine coiled tubes 3 which vpermit the introduction of raw hydrocarbon material at 4 and emit the reaction products in a uent stream at 5.
  • the furnace is fitted with thermocouple-containing thermowells at Various positions, TW-l, TW-2, TW-3, 'IW-4 and TW-S.
  • steam is introduced into the coiled tubing through a tube6.
  • the burners 2 (a) are connected to sources of fuel and combustion supporting medium such, for example, as fuel oil and air. Controls are provided (not shown and conventional per se) for selectively feeding oil plus air (for heating) or air alone (for cooling), and these connections maybe as shown in the patent to Hess No. 2,638,879, for example.
  • a predetermined charge rate is established with a feed stock of naphtha, having an initial boiling point range from about 29 C. to about 33 C. and a final boiling point range from about 175 C. to about 205 C.
  • the naphtha feed stock is diluted by steam introduced at 6 in Zone A. This step, combined with the other steps in the operation of the apparatus, reduces coking problems associated with the use of the relatively heavy feed stock, naphtha, and breaks up the naphtha into a fog-like mist thereby providing for more uniform heat absorption and additional control of crossover temperature.
  • the temperature sensing devices TW-1 and TW-Z are utilized in conjunction with automatic controls (which are conventional per se and are therefore not shown) for adjusting the fuel-air ratio in the feed to the radiant burners 2, thereby producing close control of the heating of the feed stock under an extremely wide range of possible charging rates.
  • automatic controls which are conventional per se and are therefore not shown
  • the close control of temperature in Zone B is the close control of temperature in Zone B.
  • thermowell TW-3 schematically represents the position where the temperature of the feed stock is carefully maintained at about 525 C.
  • This temperature hereinafter referred to as the crossover temperature, occurs at a predetermined -point within Zone B, preferably at the transition from the small tubes in Zone B to the larger cross-sectioned serpentine coiled tubes shown entering Zone C.
  • the effect of maintaining this crossover temperature upon this high severity pyrolysis process will hereinafter become apparent, when referring to the examples.
  • the firebox temperature of Zone C is maintained in a temperature range of from about 1170 C. to about ll80 C.
  • residence time refers to the time required for the fluent materials to travel from the approximate point of incipient cracking to the material outlet at the base of the furnace at 5.
  • FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are graphs constructed from 'the data presented as indicated.
  • the following data variables such as the charge rate of the feed stock, the steam dilution rate, the crossover temperature and the outlet temperature were maintained at essentially constant values for each run.
  • the ring of the radiation burners in the different zones of the furnace was closely controlled so as to establish the desired heating curve. In this manner it was possible to record the effect of residence time alone on the yield distribution of the cracked components, especially ethylene, methane and propylene.
  • the interrelationship of the residence time and the crossover and outlet temperatures can be graphically seen. In the table (see FIG.
  • both the data and the graphs of FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show variable outlet temperatures compared to variable feed stock charge rate with other xed experimental conditions.
  • the charge rate data was used for convenience here in place of the more conventional residence time characterization. This choice is purely arbitrary and does not affect the signicance of the data.
  • Residence time can easily be calculated for the particular furnace chosen for use in the high severity pyrolysis process of this invention. By definition, residence time is the length of time the fluent stream of reactant is exposed to a temperature at or above its incipient cracking temperature. In the case of naphtha, that temperature is about 1100 F. or about 600 C.
  • T o calculate the above factors which include a weight term for simplicity and for convenience, the assumption has been made that the average molecular weight of the constituents in the uent stream, including the steam, is equal to the molecular weight of the stream at the crossover temperature point plus the molecular weight at the outlet, divided by two.
  • an apparatus for high severity cracking of a hydrocarbon including a furnace section having radiant heating means therein, and having tubing disposed in said furnace section to conduct said hydrocarbon material through said furnace section, said furnace tubing being disposed to receive heat from said radiant heating means, said apparatus having an exhaust section substantially free of radiant heat for exhausting the products of combustion and heat generated in said furnace section and having a preheat section disposed between said furnace section and said exhaust section, the combination which cornprises: preheater tube means disposed in said exhaust section and said preheat section and connected to receive said hydrocarbons from their source and to introduce said hydrocarbons into said furnace tubing, steam tube means extending into said exhaust section and connected to said preheater tube means for introducing steam into said preheater tube means to form a hydrocarbon-steam mixture, radiant heating means located in said preheat section to transfer heat to said preheater tubing means to heat said hydrocarbon-steam mixture to a point above its incipient cracking temperature, control means comprising a temperature sensing means in said exhaust section

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
US411079A 1964-11-13 1964-11-13 High severity pyrolysis apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3353920A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US411079A US3353920A (en) 1964-11-13 1964-11-13 High severity pyrolysis apparatus
GB35746/65A GB1121528A (en) 1964-11-13 1965-08-20 High severity pyrolysis apparatus
DE19651493115 DE1493115A1 (de) 1964-11-13 1965-10-27 Trennscharf-Crackapparatur und -verfahren
FR36479A FR1451819A (fr) 1964-11-13 1965-10-28 Procédé et dispositif de pyrolyse sévère

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US411079A US3353920A (en) 1964-11-13 1964-11-13 High severity pyrolysis apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3353920A true US3353920A (en) 1967-11-21

Family

ID=23627465

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US411079A Expired - Lifetime US3353920A (en) 1964-11-13 1964-11-13 High severity pyrolysis apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3353920A (fr)
DE (1) DE1493115A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1451819A (fr)
GB (1) GB1121528A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3413217A (en) * 1966-10-20 1968-11-26 Universal Oil Prod Co Steam cooling of alkylate fractionator
US3922189A (en) * 1971-09-13 1975-11-25 Hubertus Carolus Marie Penders Drying of liqueform materials
US3970511A (en) * 1972-12-19 1976-07-20 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Expolsifs, Antar Petroles De L'atlantique: Antargaz Process and installation for concentrating dilute solutions of corrosive products
US4231753A (en) * 1979-03-22 1980-11-04 Phillips Petroleum Company Control of a cracking furnace
US4469587A (en) * 1983-09-02 1984-09-04 Intevep, S.A. Process for the conversion of asphaltenes and resins in the presence of steam, ammonia and hydrogen
US4592827A (en) * 1983-01-28 1986-06-03 Intevep, S.A. Hydroconversion of heavy crudes with high metal and asphaltene content in the presence of soluble metallic compounds and water
US5078857A (en) * 1988-09-13 1992-01-07 Melton M Shannon Delayed coking and heater therefor
US5394837A (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-03-07 Tsai; Frank W. High-efficiency furnace
US6852294B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2005-02-08 Conocophillips Company Alternate coke furnace tube arrangement
US20060188417A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2006-08-24 Roth James R Radiant tubes arrangement in low NOx furnace

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2090504A (en) * 1933-10-09 1937-08-17 Alco Products Inc Method and apparatus of heating hydrocarbon oils
US2208123A (en) * 1937-12-06 1940-07-16 Solvay Process Co Process for the manufacture of ethylene
US2263557A (en) * 1937-12-30 1941-11-25 Du Pont Conversion of hydrocarbons
US2638879A (en) * 1947-06-30 1953-05-19 Selas Corp Of America Apparatus for heat treatment of fluent substances
US2736685A (en) * 1953-01-02 1956-02-28 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process of petrolatum cracking in liquid and vapor phase
US2904502A (en) * 1954-02-19 1959-09-15 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method of cracking hydrocarbons
US2917564A (en) * 1959-01-05 1959-12-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Hydrocarbon cracking furnace and its operation
US2994724A (en) * 1958-08-14 1961-08-01 Exxon Research Engineering Co Cyclodiene dimer vapor phase cracking method and furnace
US3112880A (en) * 1962-11-21 1963-12-03 Phillips Petroleum Co Furnace control
US3124424A (en) * 1964-03-10 high temperature thermal cracking

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3124424A (en) * 1964-03-10 high temperature thermal cracking
US2090504A (en) * 1933-10-09 1937-08-17 Alco Products Inc Method and apparatus of heating hydrocarbon oils
US2208123A (en) * 1937-12-06 1940-07-16 Solvay Process Co Process for the manufacture of ethylene
US2263557A (en) * 1937-12-30 1941-11-25 Du Pont Conversion of hydrocarbons
US2638879A (en) * 1947-06-30 1953-05-19 Selas Corp Of America Apparatus for heat treatment of fluent substances
US2736685A (en) * 1953-01-02 1956-02-28 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process of petrolatum cracking in liquid and vapor phase
US2904502A (en) * 1954-02-19 1959-09-15 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method of cracking hydrocarbons
US2994724A (en) * 1958-08-14 1961-08-01 Exxon Research Engineering Co Cyclodiene dimer vapor phase cracking method and furnace
US2917564A (en) * 1959-01-05 1959-12-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Hydrocarbon cracking furnace and its operation
US3112880A (en) * 1962-11-21 1963-12-03 Phillips Petroleum Co Furnace control

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3413217A (en) * 1966-10-20 1968-11-26 Universal Oil Prod Co Steam cooling of alkylate fractionator
US3922189A (en) * 1971-09-13 1975-11-25 Hubertus Carolus Marie Penders Drying of liqueform materials
US3970511A (en) * 1972-12-19 1976-07-20 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Expolsifs, Antar Petroles De L'atlantique: Antargaz Process and installation for concentrating dilute solutions of corrosive products
US4231753A (en) * 1979-03-22 1980-11-04 Phillips Petroleum Company Control of a cracking furnace
US4592827A (en) * 1983-01-28 1986-06-03 Intevep, S.A. Hydroconversion of heavy crudes with high metal and asphaltene content in the presence of soluble metallic compounds and water
US4469587A (en) * 1983-09-02 1984-09-04 Intevep, S.A. Process for the conversion of asphaltenes and resins in the presence of steam, ammonia and hydrogen
US5078857A (en) * 1988-09-13 1992-01-07 Melton M Shannon Delayed coking and heater therefor
US5394837A (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-03-07 Tsai; Frank W. High-efficiency furnace
US6852294B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2005-02-08 Conocophillips Company Alternate coke furnace tube arrangement
US20050098477A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2005-05-12 Doerksen Brian J. Alternate coke furnace tube arrangement
US7524411B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2009-04-28 Conocophillips Company Alternate coke furnace tube arrangement
US20060188417A1 (en) * 2005-02-23 2006-08-24 Roth James R Radiant tubes arrangement in low NOx furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1451819A (fr) 1966-01-07
GB1121528A (en) 1968-07-31
DE1493115A1 (de) 1969-03-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5817226A (en) Process and device for steam-cracking a light and a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock
US3487121A (en) Hydrocarbon process
US3407789A (en) Heating apparatus and process
EP0110433B1 (fr) Procédé et appareillage pour la production d'oléfines à partir d'hydrocarbures lourds et à partir d'hydrocarbures légers
US4552644A (en) Duocracking process for the production of olefins from both heavy and light hydrocarbons
US3353920A (en) High severity pyrolysis apparatus
US2432872A (en) Pebble heater
US2293759A (en) Process for catalytic reforming and desulphurization
US4997525A (en) Hydrocarbon cracking apparatus
US2543005A (en) Method for conducting hightemperature conversions
US3392211A (en) Production of ethylene by thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
NO174895B (no) Fremgangsmåte for vannmetning av tilförselsgass for dampkrakking
US4268375A (en) Sequential thermal cracking process
US2154795A (en) Controlling temperature in exothermic reactions
US3154103A (en) Mixing apparatus for use in the chlorination of alkanes
US3403722A (en) Cooling apparatus and process
JPH0813972B2 (ja) 炭化水素の水蒸気分解によるオレフィンおよびジオレフィンの製造方法およびそのための装置
US3171862A (en) Hydrodealkylation reactor system
US3573012A (en) Method for straight-through cracking of hydrocarbons
US3580959A (en) Process and apparatus for process control in cracking furnaces for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
WO2022081431A1 (fr) Four de craquage d'éthylène hybride
US2111900A (en) Process for the manufacture of ethylene from oil
US2391818A (en) Process for manufacturing alkyl benzene hydrocarbons
JP2861031B2 (ja) 反応器の制御方法
WO2019210239A1 (fr) Processus et appareil pour un dispositif de chauffage de charge par convection

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A 19TH FL.CENTRE SQ WEST

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA;REEL/FRAME:003997/0981

Effective date: 19820217

AS Assignment

Owner name: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:004096/0520

Effective date: 19821231

AS Assignment

Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT WIESBADEN, GERMANY A CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552

Effective date: 19830523

Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY,GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552

Effective date: 19830523