US3189006A - Apparatus and method for starting a vapor generating power plant - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for starting a vapor generating power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
US3189006A
US3189006A US238885A US23888562A US3189006A US 3189006 A US3189006 A US 3189006A US 238885 A US238885 A US 238885A US 23888562 A US23888562 A US 23888562A US 3189006 A US3189006 A US 3189006A
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United States
Prior art keywords
vapor
superheater
fluid
heating section
primary superheater
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Expired - Lifetime
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US238885A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Edward L Kochey
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Combustion Engineering Inc filed Critical Combustion Engineering Inc
Priority to US238885A priority Critical patent/US3189006A/en
Priority to GB44583/63A priority patent/GB1005172A/en
Priority to DEP1271A priority patent/DE1271723B/de
Priority to CH1415863A priority patent/CH442360A/de
Priority to BE640156A priority patent/BE640156A/xx
Priority to FR954319A priority patent/FR1384030A/fr
Priority to ES0293653A priority patent/ES293653A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3189006A publication Critical patent/US3189006A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B35/14—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type during the starting-up periods, i.e. during the periods between the lighting of the furnaces and the attainment of the normal operating temperature of the steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/20—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by combustion gases of main boiler
    • F01K3/22—Controlling, e.g. starting, stopping

Definitions

  • the invention relates in general to a forced flow oncethrough vapor generating power plant, and more particularly to an improved apparatus and method for starting operation of the vapor, for instance, steam generator and turbine associated therewith.
  • the fluid in the vapor generating portion after having been raised to a high pressure and temperature can be expanded through the boiler throttling valve to form a vapor and liquid mixture at lower pressure, with such vapor, after having been separated from the liquid in .a vapor and liquid separator and superheated, then being used for starting up and rolling the turbine; or in still other instances, the temperature of the high pressure fluid can be raised to such a value that only dry vapor is produced when the fluid is expanded through the boiler throttling valve to the lower pressure, with such vapor then being superheated and utilized to heat and roll the turbine.
  • a turbine by-pass line must generally be made use of, such line leading from a point between the superheater and the turbine shut-off valve to a low pressure region, for instance the hot well of the condenser.
  • the present invention still makes use of the boiler throttling valve, it discloses an improved apparatus and method for starting a forced flow once-through vapor genorator which does not require start up apparatus such as separating vessel with associated valves and iping, nor does it make use of a turbine by-pass for raising the temperature of the vapor to a temperature suitable for rolling the turbine.
  • the objects of the present invention accordingly include an improved apparatus and method for starting a vapor generator of the forced flow once-through type with only vapor entering the finishing superheater; with such object being obtained without the use of auxiliary vapor for starting the turbine; without the use of a separating bottle or vessel and associated valves and piping; without the necessity of providing a turbine bypass for starting up purposes; and without the requirement of adhering closely to given pressure and temperature conditions in the vapor generating portion before the high pressure fluid in said portion canbe expanded to the lower pressure prevailing in the vapor heating portion of the vapor generator, so that only vapor is produced therein.
  • FIG. 1 is a representation of a vapor power plant system in the form of a flow diagram incorporating one em: bodiment of the present invention as characterized by pressure differential means being provided tor maintaining the liquid level in the convection superheater at a desired elevation.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the pressure indicating means in the form of diaphragms.
  • FIG. 3 is a portion of a vapor power plant similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1, however, including mechanical means for indicating the liquid level in the convection superheater and maintaining said level at a desired location.
  • FIG. 1 discloses a forced flow one-through vapor generator 10.
  • a feed pump 12 is organized to supply Working fluid to vapor generator 19 from a working fluid source 14 by way of conduit 16.
  • a feed valve 18 is provided in conduit 16.
  • the working fluid passes serially through economizer 2t), conduit-s 21 and 22, vapor generating tubes 24 lining the wall-s of furnace chamber 25, tubes as, header 23, conduit 39, convection superheater 32, conduit 34, finishing vapor superheater 36 and conduit 38, to a point of use such as vapor turbine 40.
  • a valve 42 is provided in conduit 38 to shut ofl the flow of the working fluid to turbine 40. After having given up the major portion of its thermal energy in turbine 44] the working fluid vapor is condensed in condenser 14 and returned to the vapor generator via feed pump 12.
  • Fuel and air for combustion are supplied to vapor generator It) by way of burner 44 in any conventional manner.
  • the hot combustion gases produced by the burning of the -fuel pass in heat exchange relation over the heat absorbing surfaces of the vapor generating tubes 24, final superheater 36, convection superheater 32 and economizer 20-
  • a recirculating circuit 46 is provided for returning a port-ion of the fluid that is leaving header 28 for passage to convection superheater 32 through conduit 30, to the inlet of vapor generating tubes 24 by way of mixing vessel 48 and recirculating pump 50.
  • a valve 52 permits control or stoppage of the flow of fluid recirculating through circuit t6.
  • excess fluid can be discharged to waste through drain line 54 for the purpose of maintaining a minimum velocity in furnace tubes 24.
  • a boiler extraction valve 55 is provided to control flow through conduit 54 .
  • shut-oft and throttling device for separating the vapor generating portion 25 from .the vapor superheating portion 32 and 36.
  • this device comprises a shut-off valve 56 and a throttling valve 57 arranged in bypass relation with valve 56.
  • the purpose of bypass valve 57 is to obtain throttling with high pressure drop and small flow quantities, while the main shut-off valve 56 is designed for relatively low pressure drops and large flow quantities.
  • boiler throttling valves 56 and 57 it is possible to commence start-up operation of the superheating and turbine portion without much delay after the startup procedure for the vapor generating portion has begun. To accomplish this, however, superheated vapor must be furnished to the turbine by the finishing superheater 36 long before such vapor could be produced by the vapor generating tubes 24 at normal operating pressure and tempera-ture. Furthermore, while a large amount of heated gases are released in furnace chamber 25 for bringing the operating fluid up to operating pressure and temperature,
  • the radiant heating surface of finishing superheater 36 must be protected from the heat of these gases during the final period ofthe start-up operation ofthe vapor generating section. Since it is undesirable to utilize operating fluid in the liquid state for this purpose vapor must be available for cooling the finishing superheater 36 long beforethe vapor. generator is capable of furnishing such vapor at normal operating temperature and pressure.
  • this is accomplished f by operating the primary or convection superheater 32 as a vapor generator, producing vapor at a pressure initially considerably lower than the pressure normally at,-
  • valve 42 is being opened to admit superheated vapor to turbine 40 l for rolling and heatingiof the same.
  • pressure differential indicating device 60 receiving pressure impulses through diaphragms 64 and 66 as illustratively shown in FIG; 2, or receiving an indication of the liquid level elevation by'means of float 68 and lever systom 65? as shown in FIG. 3.
  • tion superheater 32 can be allowed to evaporate.
  • the start-up operationiof' the vapor generator includes the following steps:
  • valves 56 and 57 With valves 56 and 57 closed, working fluid is pumped through economizer 20 and furnace tubes 24 and dis charged through conduit 54 to a point of lower pressure.
  • the above mentioned predetermined fluid temperature measured atpoint 72 usually correspondsto atempera-i ture of the combustion gases flowing over finishing superheater 36 at which it becomes unsafe to operate-the unit without flowing a cooling medium such as vapor through the tubular heating surface of "finishing superheater-36.
  • valve 57 is gradually beingwopened permitting high pressure fluid to flow into convection superheater' 32, with tur g bine valve 42 controlled to maintain a desired lower pressure therein.
  • Pressure indicating devices 73 are provided to show the pressure drop across valves 56 and57.
  • Convection superheater 32 Because of the lower pressure prevailing in superheater 32 and 36 a portion of the high pressure fluid flashes into vapor with'the remaining liquid establishing a liquid level 58. Convection superheater 32accordingly now operates as a vapor generator absorbing heat from the combustion gases flowing thereover. The saturated'vapor thus produced by flashing and evaporation flows into ing point.
  • valve 55 1 is closed or set to open at a predetermined high pres- Accordingly, at this point of theoperating procedure valve thereof of superheatingithe vapor. in vapor generating portion 25 increases, a greater pro- As] the temperature portion of vapor is being produced by flashing, with the liquid level insuperheater 32 receding to the vanishing point. Or, as the pressures in'vapor generating portion 25 and superheating portions 32 and 36 approach equality, less and less of the total vapor is'being produced by flashing and moreand.
  • a method of starting a forced flow once-through vapor generator having a first heating section including vapor generating furnace walls and having a second heating section including a primary superheater and a finishing superheater said heating sections being directly connected and being serially arranged for flow of a vaporizable fluid therethrough; said method comprising the following steps:
  • a method of starting up a forced flow once-through steam generator having a tubular first heating section and having a tubular second heating section including a primary superheater and a finishing superheater said heating sections being directly connected and being serially arranged for flow of water and steam therethrough; said method comprising the following steps:
  • a method of starting up a forced flow once-through vapor generator having a first heating section including vapor generating furnace walls and having a second heating section including a primary superheater and a finishing superheater said heating sections being directly connected and being serially arranged for flow of a vaporizable fluid therethrough; said method comprising the following steps;
  • a method of starting up a forced flow modified oncethrough vapor generator having a first heating section including vapor generating furnace walls and having a second heating section including a primary superheater and a finishing superheater said heating sections being directly connected and being serially arranged for flow of a vaporizable fluid therethrough; the invention comprising feeding vaporizable fluid to said first heating section only; heating said vaporizable fluid by supplying heat to said first and second heating sections; permitting a first overflow of heated vaporizable fluid from said first heating section to a point of lower pressure for fluid cleanup purposes; discontinuing the feeding of vaporizable fluid to said first section while recirculating said fluid from the outlet of said furnace walls directly to the inlet thereof to maintain the flow velocity in said furnace walls above a predetermined minimum velocity; discontinuing said first overflow and raising the pressure in said first heating section to a predetermined value in excess of that prevailing in said second heating section; permitting a second overflow from the relatively high pressure region of said furnace walls to the relatively low pressure region of said
  • a forced flow once-through vapor generator having a first heating section and having a second heating section including a primary superheater having a bottom inlet and a top outlet and a finishing superheater said heating sections being directly connected and being serially arranged for flow of a vaporizable fluid therethrough; the combination comprising:
  • (9) means for feeding vaporizable fluid to said first heating section in conformity with the flow of superheated vapor to said point of use.
  • a forced flow modified'once-through steam generator having a first heating section including steam generating furnace walls and having a second heating section including aprimary superheater and a finishing superi said waterby supplying a heating medium to said steam generator in heat exchange relation with the heating surfaces thereof including said furnace walls, a primary superheater and finishing superheater; relief valves means for limiting the pressure in said first heating section to a predetermined value and for permitting a first overflow ofheated water'due to expansionvthefreoffrom said first heating section to a point of lower pressure; shut-off means for discontinuing 'the feeding of water to said first.
  • V 7 means for feeding water to said body of water in conformity with the flow of superheated steam to said point of use. 7.
  • a forced flow modified once-through steam generator having a first, heating section" including steam.
  • valve means for shutting oif flow from i said first to said second heating section comprising valve means for shutting oif flow from i said first to said second heating section; means for feeding water to said first heating section; means for heating means for controlling saidflow'into said primary superheater such as to maintain said water 'level at a desired elevation; means for superheating the steam received from said primary superheater in said finishing superheater and conduct it to a point of use; and meansfor re-establishing a flow of feedwater to said steam generator consistent with the flow of steam to said point of use.
  • said means for indicating the water level in said primary superheater and for maintaining the same at a desired elevation comprises means for obtaining'a static pressure differential between the inlet and the outlet of said primary superheater and means for. regulating the flow from said first heating section to said primary superheater in response to variations in said pressure differential.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
US238885A 1962-11-20 1962-11-20 Apparatus and method for starting a vapor generating power plant Expired - Lifetime US3189006A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US238885A US3189006A (en) 1962-11-20 1962-11-20 Apparatus and method for starting a vapor generating power plant
GB44583/63A GB1005172A (en) 1962-11-20 1963-11-12 A forced flow once-through vapor generator and method for starting the same
DEP1271A DE1271723B (de) 1962-11-20 1963-11-18 Verfahren zum Anfahren eines Zwangdurchlauf-Dampferzeugers
CH1415863A CH442360A (de) 1962-11-20 1963-11-19 Verfahren zum Anlassen eines Dampferzeugers mit Zwangsumlauf des Dampfes und Einrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
BE640156A BE640156A (de) 1962-11-20 1963-11-19
FR954319A FR1384030A (fr) 1962-11-20 1963-11-19 Perfectionnements apportés aux procédés et dispositifs pour la mise en marche des générateurs à vapeur à circulation forcée et à vaporisation totale
ES0293653A ES293653A1 (es) 1962-11-20 1963-11-19 Un metodo de poner en funcionamiento un generador de vapor de paso unico y de circulaciën forzada

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US238885A US3189006A (en) 1962-11-20 1962-11-20 Apparatus and method for starting a vapor generating power plant

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US3189006A true US3189006A (en) 1965-06-15

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US238885A Expired - Lifetime US3189006A (en) 1962-11-20 1962-11-20 Apparatus and method for starting a vapor generating power plant

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US (1) US3189006A (de)
BE (1) BE640156A (de)
CH (1) CH442360A (de)
DE (1) DE1271723B (de)
ES (1) ES293653A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1005172A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4237825A (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-12-09 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Furnace heat absorption control
US20110203536A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-08-25 Martin Effert Continuous steam generator
CN105805715A (zh) * 2016-03-24 2016-07-27 南通万达锅炉有限公司 调温式余热锅炉

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1767714A (en) * 1924-05-13 1930-06-24 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Steam power plant for high pressure
US3019774A (en) * 1959-09-16 1962-02-06 Dunwerke Ag Once-through vapor generator

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2989038A (en) * 1956-04-26 1961-06-20 Duerrwerke Ag Device for starting-up once-through boilers

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1767714A (en) * 1924-05-13 1930-06-24 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Steam power plant for high pressure
US3019774A (en) * 1959-09-16 1962-02-06 Dunwerke Ag Once-through vapor generator

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4237825A (en) * 1978-11-06 1980-12-09 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Furnace heat absorption control
US20110203536A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-08-25 Martin Effert Continuous steam generator
CN105805715A (zh) * 2016-03-24 2016-07-27 南通万达锅炉有限公司 调温式余热锅炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH442360A (de) 1967-08-31
GB1005172A (en) 1965-09-22
DE1271723B (de) 1968-07-04
BE640156A (de) 1964-05-19
ES293653A1 (es) 1964-04-16

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