US3134671A - Noble metals alloy containing gallium - Google Patents

Noble metals alloy containing gallium Download PDF

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Publication number
US3134671A
US3134671A US110858A US11085861A US3134671A US 3134671 A US3134671 A US 3134671A US 110858 A US110858 A US 110858A US 11085861 A US11085861 A US 11085861A US 3134671 A US3134671 A US 3134671A
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alloy
gallium
ruthenium
gold
palladium
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US110858A
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Emil M Prosen
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Nobilium Products Inc
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Nobilium Products Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/84—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising metals or alloys
    • A61K6/844—Noble metals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to alloys and more particularly to noble metal alloys for use in dentures, dental appliances, jewelry and analogous purposes.
  • Noble metal alloys for the purposes specified usually contain a high percentage of platinum, have the color and general appearance of platinum, have high tensile strength and are highly resistant to corrosion and oxidization. Be cause of the high cost ofplatinum, said metal has been alloyed with palladium and gold with good results. Where the alloys contained a substantial percentage of palladium, silver and nickel have been added to harden the alloy and lower further the cost thereof. It has also been proposed to eliminate entirely the platinum and form the alloy of palladium and nickel. Although palladium-nickel alloys possess many desirable properties, they are deficient in reflectivity when used for jewelry and particularly for settings for gems. To improve the color and reflectivity of such palladium-nickel alloys, ruthenium has been added to provide a palladium-nickel-ruthenium alloy which has more desirable characteristics.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved corrosion and tarnish resistant noble metal alloy which does not contain platinum but which nevertheless has all the desirable properties of a platinum alloy and which is useful and more practicable in making partial dentures, cast crowns, inlays and bridgework and articles of jewelry.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a noble metal alloy which does not contain platinum and which can be bonded to porcelain to enhance the esthetic appearance of a denture formed of such alloy.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a novel noble metal alloy which has the desired hardness and which also has improved workability such as case in machining, grinding and polishing and a lower temperature casting point which renders the alloy particularly suitable to dental applications.
  • An alloy having the physical properties desired as set forth in the aforementioned objects of the invention is obtainable by alloying from 40 to 70% palladium, from to 50% gold, from 2.0 to 5.0% ruthenium and from 2.0 to 15.0% gallium, and optionally from 10 to 25% of either silver or copper.
  • the palladium, silver or copper when used, ruthenium and gallium are first melted together, the gallium having the property of lowering the temperature of the melt to which the gold in molten condition is then added.
  • the color of the alloy will vary from light gold to silvery white as the percentages of the gold, and copper when used, is lowered and the percentage of one or more of the silver, ruthenium and gallium are increased.
  • the higher limits of the ruthenium and gallium are used in the alloy.
  • the melting point of the alloy can be brought down to better workable limits and can be cast in plasterbound refractory material where the percentage of gallium is 10% or more.
  • Example 1 Percent Palladium 62 Gold 25 Gallium l0 Ruthenium 3
  • Example 2 Percent Palladium 40 Gold 25 Silver or copper n 20 Gallium 10 Ruthenium Q. s 5
  • This alloy was easy to cast in plasterbound molds, was good for partial dentures, but was not satisfactory for adhesion to porcelain.
  • Example 3 Percent Palladium 50 Gold 30 Silver or copper 1O Gallium 5 Ruthenium 5 This alloy may be cast at a temperature of about 2372 F. thereby rendering it castable in plasterbound refractory molds to great accuracy and workable at approximately 2192" F. at which the alloy softens but does not melt. This alloy is not satisfactory for adhesion to porcelain.
  • ruthenium in the foregoing formulations is introduced primarily for hardening purposes, it will be understood that it can be replaced by iridium.
  • the selection of ruthenium in preference to iridium is a matter of economy.
  • An economy alloy could be formed by reducing the percentages of palladium and/or gold and introducing copper and/or silver up to 25% and still have a satisfactory alloy.
  • Such alloys are set forth in Examples 2 and 3 but are not as high in quality as alloys without copper and/ or silver.
  • a welding rod it should have a melting temperature substantially below the melting temperature of the cast partial in order to avoid damage to the latter during the welding operation.
  • I have found that with the foregoing alloys I can produce a welding rod alloy of the same constituents having .a suitable lower melting temperature by the addition of about 5% more gallium to the alloy composition. It will be understood that the precise amount of gallium to be added to form the Welding rod is such as will lower the melting point of the welding rod alloy to approximately 200 to 400 F. below the melting point of the alloy forming the cast partial denture.
  • An alloy consisting essentially of the following elements in percentages by weight:

Description

United States Patent 3,134,671 NGELE METALS ALLOY CONTAINING GALLIUM Emil M. Prosen, llaln-Cynwyd, Pa., assignor to Nobilium Products, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania I No Drawing. Filed May 38, 1961, Ser. No. 110,858
5 Claims. (Cl. 75-172) The present invention relates to alloys and more particularly to noble metal alloys for use in dentures, dental appliances, jewelry and analogous purposes.
Noble metal alloys for the purposes specified usually contain a high percentage of platinum, have the color and general appearance of platinum, have high tensile strength and are highly resistant to corrosion and oxidization. Be cause of the high cost ofplatinum, said metal has been alloyed with palladium and gold with good results. Where the alloys contained a substantial percentage of palladium, silver and nickel have been added to harden the alloy and lower further the cost thereof. It has also been proposed to eliminate entirely the platinum and form the alloy of palladium and nickel. Although palladium-nickel alloys possess many desirable properties, they are deficient in reflectivity when used for jewelry and particularly for settings for gems. To improve the color and reflectivity of such palladium-nickel alloys, ruthenium has been added to provide a palladium-nickel-ruthenium alloy which has more desirable characteristics.
Notwithstanding the advances made in noble metal alloys for use in dentures and dental appliances much was still desired in the physical properties of such alloys.
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved corrosion and tarnish resistant noble metal alloy which does not contain platinum but which nevertheless has all the desirable properties of a platinum alloy and which is useful and more practicable in making partial dentures, cast crowns, inlays and bridgework and articles of jewelry.
A further object of the invention is to provide a noble metal alloy which does not contain platinum and which can be bonded to porcelain to enhance the esthetic appearance of a denture formed of such alloy.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel noble metal alloy which has the desired hardness and which also has improved workability such as case in machining, grinding and polishing and a lower temperature casting point which renders the alloy particularly suitable to dental applications.
The foregoin and other objects of the invention, not specifically set forth, I accomplish by providing a novel noble metal alloy comprising substantial percentages of palladium and gold, a lesser percentage of ruthenium and also gallium and optionally, silver or copper in percentages not in excess of the gold.
An alloy having the physical properties desired as set forth in the aforementioned objects of the invention is obtainable by alloying from 40 to 70% palladium, from to 50% gold, from 2.0 to 5.0% ruthenium and from 2.0 to 15.0% gallium, and optionally from 10 to 25% of either silver or copper. Preferably the palladium, silver or copper when used, ruthenium and gallium are first melted together, the gallium having the property of lowering the temperature of the melt to which the gold in molten condition is then added.
The color of the alloy will vary from light gold to silvery white as the percentages of the gold, and copper when used, is lowered and the percentage of one or more of the silver, ruthenium and gallium are increased. Where especially high reflectivity is desired in the alloy when polished, such for example, when the alloy is to be used for jewelry and especially for setting precious stones therein, the higher limits of the ruthenium and gallium are used in the alloy. I have also found that the melting point of the alloy can be brought down to better workable limits and can be cast in plasterbound refractory material where the percentage of gallium is 10% or more.
Specific alloy formulations which I have made and tested are as follows:
Example 1 Percent Palladium 62 Gold 25 Gallium l0 Ruthenium 3 Example 2 Percent Palladium 40 Gold 25 Silver or copper n 20 Gallium 10 Ruthenium Q. s 5
This alloy was easy to cast in plasterbound molds, was good for partial dentures, but was not satisfactory for adhesion to porcelain.
Example 3 Percent Palladium 50 Gold 30 Silver or copper 1O Gallium 5 Ruthenium 5 This alloy may be cast at a temperature of about 2372 F. thereby rendering it castable in plasterbound refractory molds to great accuracy and workable at approximately 2192" F. at which the alloy softens but does not melt. This alloy is not satisfactory for adhesion to porcelain.
As the ruthenium in the foregoing formulations is introduced primarily for hardening purposes, it will be understood that it can be replaced by iridium. The selection of ruthenium in preference to iridium is a matter of economy.
An economy alloy could be formed by reducing the percentages of palladium and/or gold and introducing copper and/or silver up to 25% and still have a satisfactory alloy. Such alloys are set forth in Examples 2 and 3 but are not as high in quality as alloys without copper and/ or silver.
It is also well known in the dental art that cast partials frequently require repair due to fracture of metal parts or additions to the pre-existing partial and that such repairs or additions are made by the use of solder or welding rods.
Where a welding rod is used, it should have a melting temperature substantially below the melting temperature of the cast partial in order to avoid damage to the latter during the welding operation. I have found that with the foregoing alloys I can produce a welding rod alloy of the same constituents having .a suitable lower melting temperature by the addition of about 5% more gallium to the alloy composition. It will be understood that the precise amount of gallium to be added to form the Welding rod is such as will lower the melting point of the welding rod alloy to approximately 200 to 400 F. below the melting point of the alloy forming the cast partial denture.
Patented May 26, 1964 ments within the following percentages by weight:
Percent Palladium 40-62 Gold 40-10 Ruthenium 2.05. Gallium 2.0-15
2. An alloy consisting essentially of the following elements within the following percentages by weight:
Percent Palladium 40-62 Gold 40-10 Ruthenium 2.05.0 Gallium 2.0-15
and from 10%25% of at least one of the elements selected from the gnoup consisting of copper and silver.
3. An alloy consisting essentially of the following elements in percentages by weight:
Percent Palladium 62.0 Gold 25.0 Ruthenium 3.0
Gallium 10.0
4. An alloy consisting essentially of the following elements in percentages by weight:
Percent Palladium 40.0
Gold 25.0
Ruthenium 5.0
Gallium 10.0 And at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper and silver 20 0 5. An alloy consisting essentially of the following elements in percentages by weight:
Percent Palladium 50.0 Gold 30.0 Ruthenium 5.0 Gallium 5.0
And at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper and silver 10.0
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,050,077 Wise Aug. 4, 1936 2,300,286 Gwyn Oct. 27, 1942 2,629,656 Lyle Feb. 24, 1953

Claims (1)

1. AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS WITHIN THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES BY WEIGHT:
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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3536533A (en) * 1965-04-13 1970-10-27 Masami Kitamura Fuel cell electrode
US3868249A (en) * 1974-03-14 1975-02-25 Wilkinson Dental Manufacturing Alloy for electrical leads
US3892564A (en) * 1972-10-03 1975-07-01 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Dental alloys
US3907555A (en) * 1972-12-22 1975-09-23 Howmedica Nickel alloys
US3989515A (en) * 1972-02-11 1976-11-02 Carl Haas Alloys for tension bands
US4012228A (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-03-15 Howmedica, Inc. Low intrinsic value alloys
US4014690A (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-03-29 Howmedica, Inc. Gold-colored alloy solders
US4123262A (en) * 1977-07-06 1978-10-31 Pennwalt Corporation Dental gold alloy
US4147669A (en) * 1977-03-28 1979-04-03 Rockwell International Corporation Conductive adhesive for providing electrical and thermal conductivity
US4179288A (en) * 1979-01-24 1979-12-18 Neoloy Products, Inc. Palladium base dental alloy
US4179286A (en) * 1978-03-31 1979-12-18 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Silver free, low gold-noble metal alloys for firing of dental porcelain
US4387072A (en) * 1982-04-27 1983-06-07 The J. M. Ney Company Novel palladium alloy and dental restorations utilizing same
US4412970A (en) * 1982-12-06 1983-11-01 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Palladium based dental alloys
US4419325A (en) * 1982-07-21 1983-12-06 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Dental alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations
US4451639A (en) * 1982-07-21 1984-05-29 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Dental alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations
US4539176A (en) * 1984-05-04 1985-09-03 Pennwalt Corporation Low gold dental alloys
US5051235A (en) * 1987-06-26 1991-09-24 Comptoir Lyon-Alemand-Louyot, Societe Anonyme Novel palladium-based alloys containing indium bismuth, silver and copper
WO2007042841A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-19 Ilika Technologies Ltd. Palladium alloy catalysts for fuel cell cathodes
US20080232998A1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-25 Arun Prasad Non-magnetic cobalt-palladium dental alloy
US20090218647A1 (en) * 2008-01-23 2009-09-03 Ev Products, Inc. Semiconductor Radiation Detector With Thin Film Platinum Alloyed Electrode
US11427894B2 (en) 2019-08-02 2022-08-30 The Argen Corporation Cobalt based platinum-containing noble dental alloys

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2050077A (en) * 1934-08-01 1936-08-04 Int Nickel Co Palladium dental alloy
US2300286A (en) * 1941-05-08 1942-10-27 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Electrical contact
US2629656A (en) * 1951-02-16 1953-02-24 Aluminum Co Of America Plastic alloy which sets at room temperature

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2050077A (en) * 1934-08-01 1936-08-04 Int Nickel Co Palladium dental alloy
US2300286A (en) * 1941-05-08 1942-10-27 Fansteel Metallurgical Corp Electrical contact
US2629656A (en) * 1951-02-16 1953-02-24 Aluminum Co Of America Plastic alloy which sets at room temperature

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3536533A (en) * 1965-04-13 1970-10-27 Masami Kitamura Fuel cell electrode
US3989515A (en) * 1972-02-11 1976-11-02 Carl Haas Alloys for tension bands
US3892564A (en) * 1972-10-03 1975-07-01 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Dental alloys
US3907555A (en) * 1972-12-22 1975-09-23 Howmedica Nickel alloys
US3868249A (en) * 1974-03-14 1975-02-25 Wilkinson Dental Manufacturing Alloy for electrical leads
US4014690A (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-03-29 Howmedica, Inc. Gold-colored alloy solders
US4012228A (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-03-15 Howmedica, Inc. Low intrinsic value alloys
US4147669A (en) * 1977-03-28 1979-04-03 Rockwell International Corporation Conductive adhesive for providing electrical and thermal conductivity
US4123262A (en) * 1977-07-06 1978-10-31 Pennwalt Corporation Dental gold alloy
US4179286A (en) * 1978-03-31 1979-12-18 Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler Silver free, low gold-noble metal alloys for firing of dental porcelain
US4179288A (en) * 1979-01-24 1979-12-18 Neoloy Products, Inc. Palladium base dental alloy
US4387072A (en) * 1982-04-27 1983-06-07 The J. M. Ney Company Novel palladium alloy and dental restorations utilizing same
US4451639A (en) * 1982-07-21 1984-05-29 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Dental alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations
US4419325A (en) * 1982-07-21 1983-12-06 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Dental alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations
US4412970A (en) * 1982-12-06 1983-11-01 Jeneric Industries, Inc. Palladium based dental alloys
US4539176A (en) * 1984-05-04 1985-09-03 Pennwalt Corporation Low gold dental alloys
US5051235A (en) * 1987-06-26 1991-09-24 Comptoir Lyon-Alemand-Louyot, Societe Anonyme Novel palladium-based alloys containing indium bismuth, silver and copper
WO2007042841A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-19 Ilika Technologies Ltd. Palladium alloy catalysts for fuel cell cathodes
US20090117447A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2009-05-07 Iiika Technologies Ltd. Palladium alloy catalysts for fuel cell cathodes
EP2381518A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2011-10-26 Ilika Technologies Limited Metal alloy catalysts for fuel cell cathodes
US8334081B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2012-12-18 Ilika Technologies Ltd. Metal alloy catalysts for fuel cell cathodes
US8790841B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2014-07-29 Ilika Technologies Ltd. Metal alloy catalysts for fuel cell cathodes
US20080232998A1 (en) * 2007-03-21 2008-09-25 Arun Prasad Non-magnetic cobalt-palladium dental alloy
US8623272B2 (en) 2007-03-21 2014-01-07 The Argen Corporation Non-magnetic cobalt-palladium dental alloy
US20090218647A1 (en) * 2008-01-23 2009-09-03 Ev Products, Inc. Semiconductor Radiation Detector With Thin Film Platinum Alloyed Electrode
US8896075B2 (en) 2008-01-23 2014-11-25 Ev Products, Inc. Semiconductor radiation detector with thin film platinum alloyed electrode
US11427894B2 (en) 2019-08-02 2022-08-30 The Argen Corporation Cobalt based platinum-containing noble dental alloys

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