US3048821A - Electronically locking selection device - Google Patents

Electronically locking selection device Download PDF

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US3048821A
US3048821A US722981A US72298158A US3048821A US 3048821 A US3048821 A US 3048821A US 722981 A US722981 A US 722981A US 72298158 A US72298158 A US 72298158A US 3048821 A US3048821 A US 3048821A
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voltage
tube
tubes
transistor
circuit
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Burstow Pierre
Monin Claude
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Compagnie Industrielle des Telephones SA
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Compagnie Industrielle des Telephones SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/52—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of gas-filled tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
    • H04Q3/52—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker using static devices in switching stages, e.g. electronic switching arrangements
    • H04Q3/521—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker using static devices in switching stages, e.g. electronic switching arrangements using semiconductors in the switching stages

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  • FIG. 3 ELECTRONICLLY LOCKING SELECTION DEVICE Filed March 21, 195s 4 sheets-sheet 2
  • FIG. 3 ELECTRONICLLY LOCKING SELECTION DEVICE Filed March 21, 195s 4 sheets-sheet 2
  • a part AB in which, the luminous discharge having been initiated, the voltage decreases while the current increases, this being the negative-resistance portion;
  • VA3- VCS I/AS-d VQS since this tube practically does not conduct at the commutating operation, or:
  • the diodes v may be replaced by thyratrons, the firing of which is eiected with the aid of a third electrode, the auxiliary tiring electrode, which permits of applying a lower voltage between the two anode-cathode electrodes.
  • the auxiliary firing electrode will be called the grid.
  • FIGURE 3 of the present application is derived from that which formed the subject of U.S. Patent 2,954,580, issued September 27, 1960, for Elec- 3,048,821 Patented Aug. 7, 1962 ICC tronic Selecting Device.
  • the thyratrons are associated in series-parallel forming a matrix comprising p-lines and q-columns.
  • the voltage VS is applied to the grids S11 Spel with the aid of switches H1 Hp.
  • the voltage VA is applied to the anodes of the thyratrons by means of switches V1 Vq.
  • the tube ij res if the voltages Vs and VA are appropriately chosen
  • the voltage VS is then suppressed and the voltage VA is maintained.
  • the tube remains in the fired condition and the regulating voltage Vr remains between the anode and the cathode.
  • FIGURE 4 shows the tiring characteristic curve of a thyratron giving the firing voltage Va between the ⁇ anode and the cathode as a function of the voltage Vs applied to the grid.
  • the characteristic curve comprises a fork defining a zone of uncertainty in regard to the tiring voltage and an almost vertical portion, showing a critical grid voltage Vc, below which the tube cannot be red, at least without reaching excessive voltages -between the anode and the cathode.
  • the voltage VA applied between the anode and the cathode locates the commutation point, for a grid Voltage Vs, at M so that the firing occurs.
  • the grid voltage VS being suppressed, it is known that for a tube ij:
  • VXI V1.
  • the commutation point of the tube 2J' is therefore situated at Nx in FIGURE 4. The tube 2j cannot iire.
  • the ldisadvantage of this method is that it has small safety margins in View of the dispersion of the characteristic curves over a Vset of tubes.
  • the firing zone accounts for a ⁇ great deal of this lack of safety.
  • the object o-f the present invention is to provide a thyratron matrix having p lines and q columns which is not attended by the aforesaid disadvantages.
  • the present invention has for its object :to provide a selecting apparatus comprising a matrix of gas tubes disposed in vertical and horizontal rows, the tubes situated in one Vertical row feeding a common load, while the tubes comprise -an auxiliary vtiring electrode, the apparatus being characterised in that the ⁇ blocking of a vertical row of tubes in which a tube lis tired is effected by application, to lthe firing electrode of the tubes of the said row, of a blocking voltage whose value is lower than the firing volty age.
  • a transistor is connected in the circuit of the main anode in order to effect the change-over of the control voltage of the anode.
  • the .auxiliary tiring electrode of a tube comprises a vertical control and a horizontal control for the purpose of either blocking ⁇ a vertical row or blocking a horizontal row.
  • FIGURES 5 to 7 of the accompanying drawings show byl way of example consti-notional forms of the ⁇ apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 5 is a diagram illustrating the basic principle of the apparatus according to the invention, comprising a matrix of thyratrons having p-lines and q-columns,
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates diagrammatically -a circuit arrangement for the application of the principle according to FIGURE 5, in which the switching devices comprise transistors, and
  • FIGURE 7 shows diagrammatically a thyratron matrix according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 5 constitutes a matrix of thyratrons having p-lines ⁇ and q-colurnns
  • the cathodes C11-to Cpq of the tubes are each connected acrom a resistance r to a common point G of a voltage source of negative polarity.
  • the anodes A11 to Apl, A12 to Apg Am to A1,q of tubes of one column are connecte-d in parallel to a common load R, which is in turn connected to the positive terminal F of a voltage source VA through a switching device diagrammatically represented in FIG- URE 5 by a switch V1 to Vq.
  • the lring grids ot the Itubes are connected to a common point S11 to -Spq of two resistanccs d.
  • the free ends of one of the resistances d which iare situated in the same column are connected in parallel to a switching device diagrammat-ically represented in FIGURE 5 by a switch T1 to Tq, of which one contact is connected to ⁇ the terminal K of a voltage source Vh.
  • the free end of the other resistance d is connected in parallel with the free end of the corresponding resistances d of a common line to a switching device diagrammeti-cally represented by a changeover switch H1 to Hp, one contact of which is connected to the terminal H of the voltage 'source VS, While the other contact thereof is connected to the terminal K of the voltage source Vh.
  • the grids of the thyratrons such as Sii are at the potential of the point K (potential Vh).
  • the thyratrous have a characteristic curve V(Vs) giving the tiring Voltage between the anode and the cathode as a function of the grid voltage, such as that shown in FIGURE 4.
  • Vs rlhe voltage Vs is commutated to the grids of all the tubes of the line z' by means of the reversing switch Hi. The potential of these ⁇ grids is therefore then VS.
  • the voltage VA is, commutated to the anodes of the column i by meansof the switch Vj.
  • The. tube i1' is. then under the conditions VA and Vs (point M of FIGURE 4) and res..
  • the voltages VA at the anode and Vh at the grid of the yof the column j are maintained and the grids of the line z' are changed over to the voltage Vh.
  • Vr is the regulating voltage of the tuJbe land I the current which it supplies.
  • the tube ij then being operative, if another line of grids, for example the line 2, is changed over to the voltage VS, the voltage between the cathode and the anode of the tube 2j is:
  • VAzj V023 VAxj' Von +1 l Vxr
  • the grid S25 is at the potential Vs+ Vn 2 Consequently, under the conditions V"r and Vs+ Vn 2 the tube 2f has its point of operation located at SX in FIGURE 4. If VS and Vh are appropriately chosen, not only will a blocking action take place at 'the anode circuit, but the potential of the grid will be lower than Vc.
  • the safety margins are increased b-y this double blocking. It is to ⁇ be noted that the voltage Vh may be zero without necessitating any change in the foregoing reasonlng.
  • the voltage Vh is continuously applied to the lines.
  • the Voltage VS is applied, for example, by means of a transistor and once the tube has fired, with a current flowing into the load r, it is possible to relay the ilow of this current by any appropriate means in order t-o influence the transistor which has commutated the voltage VS in order to restore the voltage Vh.
  • FIGURE 6 The apparatus employed for this blocking of the columns is illustrated in FIGURE 6 and comprises two transistors Vj and Tj which are connected in place of the switches Vj and Tj of FIGURE 5, a set of resistances l, m and n, and a condenser C.
  • the transistor Tj comprises an emitter at the voltage VS, a collector at the voltage Vs across the resistance n -and connected to the grid of the tube ij across the resistance d, and the base of the transistor Tj is -fed at the Voltage VA-Vh across the resistances l and m which are connected in series and shunted by the condenser C.
  • the letters p and q represent the multiplying points of the lines and columns of the matrix.
  • This apparatus operates in the following manner:
  • the transistor Vj In the inoperative state, the transistor Vj, of which is at the voltage VA, is blocked, the transistor Tj, on the other hand, discharges into the grid resistance l in series with the resistance m which permits of producing between the emitter and the base exactly the required voltage for conducting. Almost exactly the voltage VS is transferred to the collector of the transistor Tj and the -grids are therefore at:
  • This inoperative potential Vh+ Vs 2 may be brought to the value Vs if the left-hand end of the resistance d of the potential Vj, is changed over to the potential VS by any appropriate means.
  • the transistor Vj is controlled through its emitter by selectively applying thereto a potenti-al Vs it is unblocked, the Voltage VA is almost wholly transferred to the collector of Vj, and therefore to the anode circuits of the thyratrons, and the tube ij tires.
  • This operation is due to the fact that the transistor Vj operates with its base effectively at ground potential from which follows that, when the transistor is saturated, the voltage VA reappears substantially on the collector, the resistance between collector and base being very small under those circumstances.
  • the base of the transistor Tj will be brought -to a potential higher than VS, since the resistance l is connected to the voltage VA.
  • the transistor Tj will be blocked and the voltage Vh will be transferred to its collector.
  • the function of the condenser C is to introduce a time constant into the circuit of the base of the transistor Tj in order to produce a certain delay before causing the voltage to drop at the grids on the column side.
  • the resistance m and n are protective resistances.
  • the apparatus according to FIGURE 7 is a thyratron matrix according to the invention, and is formed by a combination of FIGURES 5 and 6.
  • the matrix cornprises p lines and q columns. Only the lines 1-2 i and p with which the reversing switches Hl-HZ-Hi--Hp are associated, and the columns 1 and j with which the transistors Vj/Tj and Vj/Tj respectively are associated have been sho-wn.
  • the cathodes Cu-Cjj-Clc1 are connected in parallel to ⁇ the load resistance r1, the other end of which is connected to the point G.
  • the cathodes C21-C2j-C2q of the second horizontal line are connected in parallel to the resistance r2, the other end of which is connected to lthe point G.
  • the anodes A11, A21-Am of a common vertical column are connected in parallel lto the resistance rl., the other end of which is connected to the collector of a transistor V1.
  • the anodes Ajj, A2j, Apj of the same vertical column are connected in parallel to the resistance rj, the other end of which is connected to the collector of the transistor Vj, etc.
  • the grids of the tubes are each connected to the common point of two resistances d.
  • the like free ends of the resistances d are connected together on the one hand at a common point for the horizontal line, and on the other hand at a common point for the vertical column.
  • the grid of the tube ij is connected on the one hand through one resistance d to the centre contact of the reversing switch Hi and on the other hand through the other resistance d to the collector of the transistor Tj.
  • the emitters of the transistors: Vj-Vj are connected respectively to appropriate devices I1-Ij, etc., which can either connect them with the point H of voltage source VS, or with a current injector, the bases of the same transistors being connected in parallel to the point F of potential VA.
  • the collector of a transistor Vj is connected to the base of the transistor Tj through a resistance l.
  • the base of the transistron Tj is connected to the potential VA-Vh through the resistances l and m.
  • the base of the transistor Tj is also connected to the potential VA-Vh through a condenser C.
  • the collector of a transistor Tj is permanently connected to the potential Vh through a resistance n. The purpose of the resistances l, m and n and of the condenser C has been explained with reference to FIGURE 6.
  • the said thyratron matrix operates in the following manner:
  • the transistors Vj-Vj-Vq are blocked, the devices I1, Ijq connecting the emitters thereof to a potential Vs lower than the potential VA to which the bases are connected.
  • the transistors T1, Tj, Tc1 each conduct in a circuit including the corresponding bias resistance l in series with a resistance m, which is yin turn connected t-o a voltage source VA-Vh, whereby it is possible to obtain the exact voltage necessary for conducting.
  • the said transistor If a current is now injected into or a voltage is now applied to the emitter of the transistor Vj by means of the device lj, the said transistor is unblocked and the voltage VA is almost entirely transferred to the collector of Vj, and therefore to the anode circuits of all the thyratrons of the column j through the resistance Rj. The tube ij will therefore be fired. Moreover, the base of the transistor Tj is thus brought to a potential higher than VS, since the resistance l connects the collector of Vj to the base of Tj, and consequently the transistor Tj will be blocked and its collector will be brought to the voltage Vh through the resistance n.
  • the blocking of the tired tube is thus effected by the potential Vh applied to its grid. It is then no longer possible, as long as the tube ij is conducting, to tire another tube of the ⁇ same column j, but it is possible to re another tube of the same line i, the potential of the grid Sij in this case changing from the value Vh to the value whereby complete reliability of its operation is ensured.
  • the rst condition is that the voltage Vs should be applied to the horizontal'l-ine of the grids and to the vertical column of the grids.
  • the second condition is that the voltage VA should be applied to the vertical column of the anodes.
  • the reversing switch Hi which changes over the voltage from Vh to VS and vice versa may be of any appropriete form. It is sufficient to indicate that the voltage Vh continuously applied to the lines changes to the voltage Vs during the phase of the preparation for the tiring of a tube of the corresponding line, for example by means of a transistor. Once the tube has fired, and a current is owing across the resistance r, the ilow of this current can be relayed by any appropriate means in order to influence the transistor for restoring the voltage Vh.
  • a selecting apparatus having electronic blocking comprising a matrix of gas tubes disposed in horizontal rows and vertical rows, each tube having a plurality of electrodes including an anode and an auxiliary tiring electrode, the tubes situated in each common vertical row having their anodes connected to a common load, means including switching means for blocking a vertical row of tubes by the superposed elects of the drop of potential in the common load and by application to the auxiliary tiring electrode of a blocking voltage whose value is lower than the tiring voltage, a pair of resistances for each tube with the auxiliary tiring electrode of the tube connected to a common point of said resistances, control means for each tube including a vertical control and a horizontal control, means for connecting one of said resistances to a respective vertical control and means for connecting the other resistance to a respective horizontal control, means for ⁇ selectively connecting each one of said controls independently one from the other either to a tiring voltage or to a blocking voltage, means for applying the anode Voltage including a further vertical control, the ring voltage being applied, at rest,
  • a selecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said horizontal and vertical controls each include a commutation device, and furthery comprising means for applying a bias to the end of one ⁇ of the resistances by means ofthe commutation device for the horizontal control and means for applying a bias to the other end of the other resistanceV by means of the commutation device for the vertical control.
  • a selecting; apparatus wherein for said one tube theV commutation of the voltage of the auxiliary tiring elect-rode and of the voltage of the anode is eiected with the aid of a transistor, so as to block the firing electrodes of the other tubes in a respective row as soon as said one tube commences to conduct, a rst transistor being connected in the circuit of the tiring electrode to eiect the change-ove-r of the bias at the tiring electrode from the blocking value to the tiring value and then to the blocking value and a second transistor being connected in the circuit of the anode to eect the change-over of the control voltage of the anode.
  • a selecting apparatus wherein there is associated with each vertical row a set of two transistors, the irst 'of which simultaneously controls the change-over of the anode voltage for eacn tube of said vertical row and the blocking or unblocking of the second transistor, the latter successively applying to the auxiliary firing electrode of each tube of said vertical row the tiring voltage when the second transistor conducts and the blocking voltage when it is blocked.
  • a selecting apparatus wherein the collector of the second transistor is connected to the auxiliary tiring electrode for its vertical control, the base of this transistor being connected across a resistance to the collector of the irst transistor, said collector of the first transitor also being connected to the anode of each of the tubes of the respective vertical row, biases being applied to the bases and to the collectors of the transistors and control currents being applied to the emitters, so that when the rst transistor is blocked the second conducts and when thte rst transistor conducts the second is blocked.
  • a selecting apparatus wherein the base of the second transistor is connected to a particular voltage through a resistance, a condenser being provided to shunt the resistance in such manner that the blocking commutation of the tiring electrode is slightly staggered in relation to the application of voltage to the anode.
  • a selecting apparatus having a matrix of gaseous discharge tubes disposed in horizontal and vertical rows each tube being provided with a plurality of electrodes including two main electrodes and an auxiliary ring electrode, the tubes situated in each common vertical row having one of .their respective -main electrodes connected to a common load circuit, and the tubes situated in a common horizontal row having their respective grids each connected to two respective resistance elements, the free ends of one of each of the two resistance elements of each tube in a respective common horizontal row being connected together into a rst common energizing circuit and the free ends of the other one of each of the two resistance elements of each tube in a respective common vertical row being connected together in a second energizing circuit, the improvement essentially consisting of switching means to enable selective tiring of only one gaseous discharge tube in each vertical row while enabling selective firing of a gaseous discharge tube disposed in the same horizontal row as said last-mentioned ⁇ one tube, comprising a rst switching means for each vertical row operatively connected
  • each tube being provided with a plurality of electrodes including two main electrodes and an auxiliary firing electrode, the tubes situated in each common vertical row having one of their respective main electrodes connected to a common load circuit, and the tubes situated in a common horizontal row having their respective grids each connected to two respective resistance elements, the free ends of one of each of the two resistance elements of each tube in a respective common horizontal row being connected together into a first common energizing circuit and the free ends lof the other one of each of the -two resistance elements of each tube in a respective common vertical row being connected together in a second energizing circuit, the improvement essentially consisting of electronic switching means to enable selective firing of' only one gaseous discharge tube in each vertical row while enabling select-ive firing of a gaseous discharge tube disposed in the same horizontal row as said last-mentioned one tube, comprising a first transistorized switching means for each vertical row operatively connected to a respective
  • a selecting apparatus comprising a matrix of gaseous discharge tubes disposed in horizontal and vertical rows, each tube being provided with a plurality of electrodes including two main electrodes connected in a discharge circuit and an auxiliary firing electrode, the tubes situated in each common vertical row having one o-f their respective main electrodes connected to a common load circuit, and the tubes situated in a common horizontal row having their respective grids connected each to two resistance elements, first circuit means operatively connected to all the free ends of one of the two resistance elements associated with the grids of the tubes in a respective horizontal row, second circuit means operatively connected to all the free ends of the other of the two resistance elements associated with the grids of the tubes in a respective vertical row, first switch means in each first circuit means for selectively applying thereto, on the one hand, a first voltage which prevents firing of any tubes in the corresponding horizontal row and, on the other, a second voltage which enables firing of a preselected one of the tubes thereof, second switch means in each common load circuit for selectively applying to the one main electrode of the tubes in
  • a selecting apparatus comprising a matrix of gaseous discharge tubes disposed in horizontal and vertical rows, each tube being provided with a plurality of electrodes including two main electrodes connected in a discharge circuit and an auxiliary firing electrode, the tubes situated in each common vertical row having one of their respective main electrodes connected to a common load circuit, and the tubes situated in a common horizontal row having their respective grids connected each to two resistance elements, first circuit means operatively connected to all the free ends of one of the two resistance elements associated with the grids of the tubes in a respective horizontal row, second circuit means operatively connected to all the free ends of the other of the two resi-stance elements associated with the grids of the tubes in a respective vertical row, first switch means in each first circuit means for selectively applying thereto, on the one hand, a first voltage which prevents firing of any tubes in the corresponding horizontal row and, on the other, a second voltage which enables 'firing of a preselected one of the tubes thereof, second switch means including a transistor in each common load circuit for
  • a selecting apparatus comprising a matrix of gaseous discharge tubes disposed in horizontal and vertical rows, each tube being provided with a plurality of electrodes including two main electrodes connected in a discharge circuit and an auxiliary iiring electrode, the tubes situated in each common vertical row having one of their respective main electrodes connected to a common load circuit, and the tubes situated in a common horizontal row having their respective grids connected each to two resistance elements, first circuit means operatively connected to all the free ends of one of the two resistance elements associated with the grids of the tubes in a respective horizontal row, second circuit means operatively connected to all the free ends of the other of the two resistance elements associated with the grids of the tubes in a respective vertical row, first switch means in each first circuit means lfor selectively applying thereto, on the one hand, a first voltage which prevents firing of any tubes in the corresponding horizontal row and, on the other, a second voltage which enables tiring of a preselected one of the tubes thereof, second switch means including a transistor in each common load circuit for selectively applying
  • each tube being provided with a plurality of electrodes including two main electrodes and an auxiliary firing electrode, the tubes situated in each common vertical row having one of their respective main electrodes connected to a common load circuit, and the tubes situated in a common horizontal row having their respective grids each connected to two respective resistance elements, the free ends of one of each of the two resistance elements of each tube in a respective common horizontal row being connected together into a first common energizing circuit and the free ends o-f the other one of each of the two resistance elements of each tube in a respective common vertical row being connected together in a second energizing circuit, the improvement essentially consisting of switching means to enable selective tiring of only one gaseous discharge tube in each vertical row while enabling selective firing of a gaseous discharge tube disposed in the same horizontal row as said last-mentioned one tube, comprising a first switching means Afor each vertical row operatively connected to a respective common load circuit
  • each tube being provided with a plurality of electrodes including two main electrodes and an auxiliary firing electrode, the tubes situated in each common vertical row having one of their respective main electrodes connected to a common load circuit, and the tubes situated in a common horizontal row having their respective grids each connected to two respective resistance elements, the free endsof one of each of the two resistance elements of each tube in a respective common horizontal row being connected together into a first common energizing circuit and thefree ends of the other one of 13 each of the two resistance elements of each tube in a respective common vertical row being connected together in a second energizing circuit, the improvement essentially consisting of electronic switching means to enable selective ring of only one gaseous discharge tube in each vertical row while enabling selective ring of a gaseous discharge tube disposed in the same horizontal row as said last-mentioned one tube, comprising a first transistorized switching means for each vertical row operatively connected to a respective common load circuit for

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US722981A 1957-04-04 1958-03-21 Electronically locking selection device Expired - Lifetime US3048821A (en)

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US3351937A (en) * 1965-08-06 1967-11-07 Solartron Electronic Group Data-display apparatus
US3387287A (en) * 1965-02-17 1968-06-04 Colorado Instr Inc Digital data storage circuit for data recording and transmission systems
US3392373A (en) * 1963-11-13 1968-07-09 Michel M. Rouzier Switching network comprising tecnetrons
US3397388A (en) * 1963-12-20 1968-08-13 Ibm Matrix control circuit
US3597737A (en) * 1968-06-21 1971-08-03 Susquehanna Corp Interlocking switch arrangement

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US2136441A (en) * 1934-04-21 1938-11-15 Rca Corp Television system
US2428811A (en) * 1943-10-30 1947-10-14 Rca Corp Electronic computing device
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US2655605A (en) * 1950-11-16 1953-10-13 Int Standard Electric Corp Alternating current switching device
US2691151A (en) * 1950-05-22 1954-10-05 Products & Licensing Corp Multiple switching systems
US2693593A (en) * 1950-08-19 1954-11-02 Remington Rand Inc Decoding circuit
US2769865A (en) * 1951-02-20 1956-11-06 Automatic Elect Lab Electronic telephone systems
US2774813A (en) * 1955-11-01 1956-12-18 Sylvania Electric Prod Electroluminescent television panel
US2825889A (en) * 1955-01-03 1958-03-04 Ibm Switching network
US2886797A (en) * 1955-10-31 1959-05-12 Teletype Corp Fixed message signal generator
US2889537A (en) * 1955-10-28 1959-06-02 Gen Dynamics Corp Electronic selector switch
US2900572A (en) * 1956-11-09 1959-08-18 Powers Samas Account Mach Ltd Electric storage and data routing apparatus

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US2056301A (en) * 1927-05-05 1936-10-06 Telefunken Gmbh Method of and apparatus for picture transmission
US2049763A (en) * 1931-08-10 1936-08-04 American Television Lab Inc Television sign
US2136441A (en) * 1934-04-21 1938-11-15 Rca Corp Television system
US2434989A (en) * 1943-08-13 1948-01-27 Siemans Brothers & Co Ltd High-speed searcher using gas discharge tubes
US2428811A (en) * 1943-10-30 1947-10-14 Rca Corp Electronic computing device
US2691151A (en) * 1950-05-22 1954-10-05 Products & Licensing Corp Multiple switching systems
US2693593A (en) * 1950-08-19 1954-11-02 Remington Rand Inc Decoding circuit
US2655605A (en) * 1950-11-16 1953-10-13 Int Standard Electric Corp Alternating current switching device
US2769865A (en) * 1951-02-20 1956-11-06 Automatic Elect Lab Electronic telephone systems
US2825889A (en) * 1955-01-03 1958-03-04 Ibm Switching network
US2889537A (en) * 1955-10-28 1959-06-02 Gen Dynamics Corp Electronic selector switch
US2886797A (en) * 1955-10-31 1959-05-12 Teletype Corp Fixed message signal generator
US2774813A (en) * 1955-11-01 1956-12-18 Sylvania Electric Prod Electroluminescent television panel
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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3392373A (en) * 1963-11-13 1968-07-09 Michel M. Rouzier Switching network comprising tecnetrons
US3397388A (en) * 1963-12-20 1968-08-13 Ibm Matrix control circuit
US3387287A (en) * 1965-02-17 1968-06-04 Colorado Instr Inc Digital data storage circuit for data recording and transmission systems
US3351937A (en) * 1965-08-06 1967-11-07 Solartron Electronic Group Data-display apparatus
US3597737A (en) * 1968-06-21 1971-08-03 Susquehanna Corp Interlocking switch arrangement

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Publication number Publication date
FR1172446A (fr) 1959-02-10
GB884302A (en) 1961-12-13
CH352372A (fr) 1961-02-28
DE1092964B (de) 1960-11-17

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