US2931696A

US2931696A - Phosphorous-containing polyphenolic reserving agents for acrylonitrile polymer base fibers

Info

Publication number: US2931696A
Application number: US751653A
Authority: US
Inventors: Allan R Wirth; Albert S Messer
Original assignee: Dow Chemical Co
Current assignee: Dow Chemical Co
Priority date: 1958-07-29
Filing date: 1958-07-29
Publication date: 1960-04-05
Anticipated expiration: 1977-04-05

Description

limited States Etent O PHOSPHOROUS-CONTAINING POLYPHENOLIC RESERVING AGENTS FOR ACRYLONITRILE POLYMER BASE FIBERS Allan R. Wirth and Albert S. Messer, Newport News, Va., assignors to The Bow Qhemical Company, Midland, Mich, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application July 29, 1958 Serial No. 751,653

23 Claims" 01. 8-21 A valuable and significant contribution to the synthetic fiber art has been the development and provision of the nitrile alloy class of fibers. Such man-made fibers are comprised essentially of an acrylonitrile polymer base which contains in the polymer molecule at least about 80 percent by weight of acrylonitrile, advantageously polyacrylonitrile, which has been proficuously modified without sacrifice of or compromise in its basic fiber properties by alloying the acrylonitrile polymer base, as it were, with beneficial additaments or constituents that are adapted to achieve one or more ameliora tive ends for the fiber product. Primarily, and of exceptional benefit, the nitrile alloy" fiberss contain ap propriate functional components that render the fiber product remarkably and permanently receptive of many of a wide variety of dyestuffs. Because of this, nitrile alloy" fibers are readily dyeable to deep and level shades of lasting coloration by practice of ordinary dyeing tech niques and procedures using the usual materials for the purpose. By their superior attributes in these as well as other particulars, the nitrile alloy fibers are clearly and easily distinguishable from the conventional prototype acrylonitrile polymer fibers, including the usual and well known copolymeric varieties, with which the art'is familiar and which are oftentimes referred to and known as being acrylic fibers. Predominantly desirable and advantageous members of the nitrile alloy" class of synthetic fibers and the like are those, hereinafter more fully delineated, that are comprised of acrylonitrile polymer substrates and which contain minor integrant proportions of either, or both, various N-vinyl lactam polymers and copolymers or derivatives thereof; N-vinyl-Z-oxazolidinone polymers and copolymers or derivatives thereof; or various N-vinyl- 3-morpholinone polymers and copolymers or derivatives thereof.

As paradoxal as it may seem, there are instances wherein the exceptional and capacious receptivity to dyestuffs of nitrile alloy fibers might advantageously be restrained, or partially or completely diminished, in order that such characteristic of the fiber product might be basically altered so as to provide it with a partial or complete degree of resistance to becoming stained or colored with dyestuffs.

For example, if a stain-free, white fiber product is desired from a nitrile alloy materiaLsuch as a cloth or fabric article, it would be advantageous for the nitrile alloy to be provided in such a form as to be capable of complete resistance to becoming stained or colored by dyes or other color-imparting substances with which the nitrile alloy may come in contact.

Of at least commensurate practical significance is the 2,931,693 Patented Apr. 5, 1960 uniform color level in such fibers of nitrile alloy fibers that are being dyed with certain dyestuffs so that uniondyeable blends might be provided. As is widely appreciated in the art, union-dyeable blends are those that are comprised of diverse fiber constituents which are capable of being directly dyed with the same dyestuff or coloring agent or combination of dyestuffs or coloring agents in the same dyeing treatment performed in the same or separate sequential stages or operations to the same, or substantially the same, uniform and balanced degree of coloration of each of the fibers in the blend. For purposes of achieving the immediately above mentioned ends, it would be advantageous, as is apparent, for 'nitrile alloy fibers ot be provided in such a form that they would have only a partial resistance to or reserving action against dyestufis and coloring agents, depending on whether diverse or equal tones of coloration are desired in the dyed blend in which it is contained.

Thus, it would be advantageous, and it is the aim and concern of the present invention, to provide nitrile alloy fibers altered or modified with respect to their receptivity for dyestuffs over a range extending from the capability of such altered forms of nitrile alloy fibers to be completely or substantially completely resistant to becoming stained by application of dyestuffs to lesser degrees of resistance, advantageous for purposes of achieving two-toned or union-dyeing, as may be desired, in blends of the nitrile alloy" fibers with various cellulosic and proteinous fibers, said lesser degrees of resistance to dyestuffs varying through an entire scale, as it were, from slightly to considerable in inverse proportion to their altered degree of dye-receptivity.-

it is the principal object of the present invention to provide and make available highly efiicacious reserving (or dye resisting) agents specific in their limiting effect or action upon the dye-receptivity of nitrile alloy fibers so as to be useful for the several indicated and related purposes upon and in conjunction with nitrile alloy fibers, particularly those comprising polymerized N-vinyl lactam (especially N-vinyl-pyrrolidone orN-vinyl-caprolactam) or polymerized N-vinyl-Z-oxazolidinone (including especially the unsubstituted and methyl and ethyl ring substituted species) constituents as dye-receptive adjuvants for the fiber, including unmixed nitrile alloy fibers as Well as blends of nitrile alloy fibers with cellulosic or proteinous fibers and yarn, thread, cord and the like and cloth or fabric constructed from such fibers or fiber blends.

Another object of the invention is to provide, as new and improved articles of manufacture, nitrile alloy fibers, including such fibers in unmixed as well as in blended forms and textile articles constructed therefrom, having their degree of dye-receptivity or susceptibility to coloration or staining by dyes and the like controlled by modification or alteration of their normal characteristics in such regard by means of certain dye-resisting agents, as hereinafter more fully delineated, applied to the fibers.

Still an additional object of the invention is to furnish a method or means for controlling the dye-receptivity of nitrile alloy fibers in unmixed or blended masses or in various constructed or fabricated textile articles or, as might be otherwise expressed, a new and improved method for dyeing or controlling the dyeing of nitrile alloy fibers, especially when they are in blended cellulose or proteinous fiber-containing masses so as to achieve and possibilitate two-tone or union-dyeing effects.

The above indicated objects, and corollary benefits and advantages, may be achieved pursuant to the comprehension and practice of the present invention by applying to a nitrile alloy fiber, particularly one of the indicated highly desirable varieties, a minor proportion of 3 rom about 0.1 to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the resulting composition and depending upon the extent of dye-resistance of degree of control desired, of a-phosphorous-containing polyphenolic compound, as hereinafter more fully illustrated, as a dye reserving or dye resisting agent. As might be anticipated, the degree of control or resistance to dyeing or the extent of modification of the dye-receptivity of the nitrile alloy fiber that may be achieved is inproportion to the quantity of the dye reserving or resisting agent that is applied thereto. Complete or practically complete resistance to dyeing and coloration are generally afforded by heavier aplications of the agentpsuch as those in the neighborhood of from aboutlO to 20 percent by weight. A partial or appreciably enhanced resistance to dyeing (or decrease in dye-receptivity) or" the -nitrile alloy fiber to an extent or degree that is espe cially beneficial for achieving two-tone shades in the dye ing of nitrile alloy fiber blends may'be secured by using a reserving quantityof the agent on thefiber that is between about 1.5 or 2 to about percent by weight with the specific effect of the agent, again, being proportional to the quantity applied. Union-dyeing effects in blends of nitrile alloy fibers with cellulosics or proteinous fibers may ordinarily be facilitated by utilizinga balancing quantity of the agent between about 0.1 and 1.5 or 2 percentby weight in order to promote excellent shade balancing of all the diverse filamentary. components during the dyeing of the blend, especially when the dyestufis employed have a propensity to build up upon or disproportionately color the nitrile alloy fiber in the blend, as is often the case with certain direct or after-treated direct types of dyestuffs when used to dye cellulosic blends of the nitrile'alloy fibers'and certain acid types of dyestufis with proteinous blends. In anycase, theiprecise quantity of the reserving agent that is necessary to be applied for. any particular pur pose can be quickly and readily determined by control testing techniques.

The agents are remarkably adherescent upon and substantive to the nitrile alloy fibers and, once applied, remain on the fiber in a generally permanent manner throughout the normal usages and exposures to which the fiber may be put. In general, the dye reserving or resisting-agents have no excessive deleterious effect or intolerable infiuence on the physical or aesthetic characteristics and properties of the fibers on which they are applied and may ordinarily be employed for many of-.-,-a wide variety of uses with relative impunity in this regard. In addition'to utilizing the agentsfor purposes of establishing or augmenting the resistance tostaining by dyestuffs and the like of uncolored nitrilealloy fibers, the agents may frequently be employed with considerable benefit upon already dyed or colored articles of the fiber to increase or. establish their resistance :to undesired staining or additional coloration from various sources. For such purpose, a heavy, totally-resisting application of the agent may most be benefically be made on the colored fiber. Such stain-proofing treatment, incidentally, may also be made ondyed or otherwise colored nitrile alloy fibers that have been pre-treated, prior to dyeing, withlesser, dye-accepting modifying'or mere color reserving or balancing applications or doses of the agent in quantities insufiicient to achhieve-a total or absolute (or practically so) dyeing or colorationresisting effect. In addition, as is apparent, the reserving agents may also be used with great advantage for producing white eifects in fiber mixtures in piece dyeing such as may be accomplished by printing the reserving agents on the nitrilealloy cloth or fabric goods being dyed followed by the piece dyeing operation.

The reserving or dye-resisting agents of the present invention, as has been indicated, are capable of achieving excellent results in restraining the action of {direct and certain acid dyes on nitrile alloyfibers.

The phosphorous-containing polyphenolic reserving agents that may be employed so advantageously in conjunction with the nitrile alloy fibers in the practice of the present invention may be cursorily defined as substances that consist of the condensation products of such aromatic nuclei as hydroquinone, Bisphenol-A (p,p-isopropylidene diphenol) and related bisphenols, such as the bisphenol sulfones (p,p-sulfonyldiphhenol) or biphenol sulfoxides (p,p'-sulfinyldiphenol), with phosphorous oxyhalides, such as phosphorous oxychlorideand equivalent oxyhalidesincluding the oxybromide; and the partial hydrolysis products of the above indicated condensation products. More specifically, the phosphorous containing polyphenolic polymers that may be employed as resisting agents in the practice of the present invention may be represented by the general structure:

phosphorous-containing polyphenolic reservingagent in generahaccordance with the Formula I that .is derived from hydroquinonemay be'depicted by the following:

R n (II) wherein-n and R have the same meaning as above. Preferably the molar ratio of difunctional phenol (aromatic nuclei) to phosphorous in the phosphorous-containing polyphenolic polymers is about,5 to 2, respectively, ;although ratios from about 3:1 to 1: 1 ofdifunctional phenolto phosphorous, respectively, are generally quite suitable-in the. reserving.agents. The phosphorousconrain n p yphe e i i r se vin agent that is utili ed mus be soluble f in alcoholic, solutions of lower alip atic alcol1ols. (e.g., methanol, I ethanol 1 and propanol or lower aliphatidketones like acetone or methyl. ethyl .ketone). Thus, :the maximum operable ,molecular .weight of the polymer that is employed is limited by its necessity for haying such solubility characteristics. While aprecise uppehlimit of molecular weight is difiicult to absolutely prescribe in all'instances, due to the variations in the speciesthat may be utilized, polymers having molecular .Weightsas highas 2000 and more may frequently be em= .ployed, provided they are soluble in the indicated solvents. -Ordinarily, the phosphorous-containing polyphenolic polymer that is employed has a-minimurn-molecular weight ofabout 350. ,Frequently, it is advantageous for the-phosphorous-containing polyphenolic polymers that arehutili zed as dye-resisting agents in thepractice. of the present invention to have a molecular weightin the range from about 600toabout 1200.

It is advantageous, .for the applicating formulation ,or composition of the dye resisting agent that is utilized for deposition of-the latter npon'the nitrile ,alloy fibers, t0 containebetween about 0.1 and 20 v percent by weight, based ,on the weight of .the fiber, of the dissolved ,or dispersed dye-resistingagent, depending on the precise q ant y. o h tase tha m y sired to b depo e on the fiber. Thelactual concentratiqn ,of the agent with respe'ctto theliquid medium from which it is .applied may be much less than the above-indicated values.

fiiuce the. agents are highly substantive to thenitr;ile alloy fibers, their precise concentration with respect to the liquid vehicle in the applicating formulation is relatively immaterial. Generally, the applicating formulation of the dye-resisting agent is found to be completely, or substantially completely, exhausted of the agent so that its precise concentration in the liquid vehicle is not an essential criticality. In most instance, however, it is unnecessary for the'applicating formulations to contain more than about 5 percent of the dye-resisting agent, based on the weight of the dry fiber and depending on the type of dyeing procedure used. Suitable application of the dye-resisting agent may be made when the liquor-to-fiber ratio of the applicating formulation to v the nitrile alloy fiber being treated is between about 1 and 100 parts of the former to each part by weight of the fiber.' More often, it is advantageous for such liquor-to-fiber ratio to be between about 2:1 to 50:1, respectively. g V

Various techniques may be utilized for preparing suitable applicatingformulations of the dye reserving or resisting agent. to apply it from an aqueous liquid dispersion or solution. Such a dispersion may be prepared by making a preliminary or preparatory solution of the dye-resisting agent in a liquid in which it is soluble, such as ethanol or other lower aliphatic alcohols, or acetone or methyl ethyl ketone) and then diluting theinitially prepared solution with the desired quantity of water to prepare the final formulation. Most advantageously, especially when the reserving agents are used in conjunction with dyeing treatments on the fiber, the applicating formulation may be prepared and employed directly as part of the liquid vehicle or bath in whichIthe fibers are contained'during the dyeing. Thus, if it is intended to apply the resisting agent prior to dyeing, the applicating formulation may be prepared and used for deposition of the resisting agent as well as to constitute the body of the dye bath in which the dyeing treatment is accomplished. In an analagous manner, the dye-resisting agents may be added to dyed fihers in intermediate stages or after completion of dyeing by incorporating them in the dye bath during the dyeing treatment or after the dyeing has been accomplished, depending upon the particular purpose for' which the agent is being employed. v

In addition, somewhat in the manner of conventional textile finish application, the dye resisting agents may be applied to the fibers from their applicating formulations by distributing the formulation directly to a running strand of the nitrile alloy fiber being treated'using a liquid jet or spray of the formulation. If desired, applicating rollers and equivalent devices may be utilized for such purpose. When the dye-resisting agents are being applied to nitrile alloy articles, including articles prepared from fiber blends that are in the form of cloth or fabric, the application may be made during any stage of manufacture or dyeing of such article using procedures analogous to those herein described and demonstrated. When cloth and fabric are being treated, it may frequently be most convenient for the application to be made in a manner analogous to conventional padding treatments.

comprised of polyacrylonitrile. in which there. was uniformly incorporated about 8 percent on the weight of the fiber (o.w.f.) of poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) having a Fikentscher K-value of about 55. The viscose rayon yarn was a semi-dull yarn having a staple length of about 1 /2 inches and a denier of about 3. The dye-resisting agent was applied on the blended fiber mixture by first dissolving 5 parts of the agent in parts of ethanol and then diluting the initial alcoholic solution with 6,000 parts of water. The application of the resisting agent to the fiber blend was made by immersing the blend in the finally resulting dilute solution of the resin for 20 minutes at 70 C. Without removing the fiber blend from the applicating solution of the resisting agent, about one part of Fastusol Blue L7GA (Prototype No. 432),

' a direct dyestutf, was added and the substance agitated Usually, as is apparent, it is advantageous l In order to further illustrate the invention, but without for about one hour while being maintained at a temperature of about 71 C. During the dyeing, about 20 parts sodium chloride were gradually added to the system. At the termination of the dyeing, the treated blend was removed from the dyestutf containing system, rinsed and dried. The nitrile alloy fiber was left entirely unstained and in a completely white condition while the viscose rayon was dyed to a deep and level shade of coloration. In contrast, when the foregoing was repeated, excepting to eliminate the preliminary application of the reserving agent, a fully depth dyeing of both fibers in the blend was obtained.

' Example 2 V A fabric constructed from yarn that was composed of a blend in equal weight proportions of middling cotton staple with a nitrile alloy staple fiber similar to that used in the first example was dyed in the conventional manner with about 0.5 percent Cibalan Black BGL (no Color Index). The nitrile alloy component of the blended yarn in the fabric was observed to be dyed to a gray coloration while the cotton remained white. Following the initial dyeing and using the same bath, about 4 percent o.w.f. of the reaction product of hydroquinone and phosphorous oxychloride of mole ratio 5:2, respectively was dissolved in 20 times its weight of ethanol and added to the dye bath. The liquid medium was circulated through the fabric for about 10 minutes. After this application of the reserving agent, about 1 percent o.w.f. of Diphenyl Red 4B Supra (Color Index Direct Red 2) was added to the bath and run at 80 C. with the addition of 10 percent o.w.f. of sodium chloride over a one hour period. A two-tone effect was to be obtained in the fabric with the nitrile' alloy constituent having the initial gray color and the cotton being red. In contrast, when the foregoing was repeated excepting to eliminate the application of dye-resisting agent between the dyeings, the fabric came out with all of the fiber components dyed to a red shade of coloration.

Example 3 Example 4 A stock reserving agent solution was prepared by dissolving five parts (parts all by weight) of the reaction product of five moles hydroquinone with two moles phos-' phorous oxychloride in 40 parts ethanol and adding parts Water to the mixture.

Five part samples of a 50-50 nitrile alloy'cotton blend (using the same synthetic fiber as in the first example) striped knit goods were soaked for 30 minutes at.70"- C. in dilutionsof the stock solution containing: 0.5 4percent'resin (based. on the weight of the meme; alloy. dry fiber) ,..-each-.bath. having a total. volume of" 150 parts.

Twenty. partsof-a 0.1 percent solution of Superlitefa'st. Blue-8GLN: (no Color Inde'x)and 10 parts of 'IO'Ipercent-sodium chloride solution were added to eachdy bath andthe samples were soaked an additional- 455mmutes-at 70 C., rinsed and. dried. The cotton was found, to-bedyed. a full: depth.:of blue, andthe nitrile.allo'y' remained largely undyed. The following photocell. measurements of percentwhi tenessofthe nitrile alloy fiber demonstrates the degree of level. control possible by ad justment ofthconcentration of reserve agent used inthe Dilutions of the percent strength stock solution required to prepare the above baths'were as follows:

Dilution: Percent o.w;f.

Example. 5

A five part sample of -50 'nitrile al1oy-wool blend (using the same nitrile alloy fiber as in the first ex-' ample) striped knit goods was soaked in a bath containing 4 percent o.w.f. reserving agent (prepared by dilution of the stock solution of Example 4) for 30 minutes at 70 C. The goods were then dyed in Neolan Blue FR (Color Index Acid Blue 160), an acid premetalized dye, for 1 /2 hours at 95 C, The wool dyed deep blue while the nitrile alloy fiber remained white.

Results similar to the foregoing'may also be'obtained when nitrile alloy?"fibers are employed containing other of the beneficial alloying components mentioned in the foregoing and when any other ofthe reserving agents indicated to be within the scope of the invention are utilized in place of those specifically illustrated. Excellent results may also be achieved when the resisting agents are applied on unmixed'or unblended nitrile alloy" fibers for purposes and applications where such technique and manner of treatment is desirable and indicated. Commensurate resultsmay likewise be achieved with other blends ofthe nitrile alloy fibers, including blends with cellulosics other than cotton or viscose rayon yarn (such as cuprammonium rayon yarn, cellulose acetate and the like cellulose esters and other cellulose. fibers of natural or synthetic or artificial origin) as well as blends of the nitrile alloy fibers with..various proteinous fibers of natural or synthetic origin, includingwool, silk fibers, zein-protein fibers (such as those that are commercially available under the trade-name."Vicara) feather-keratein, casein fibers, protein fibers and the like proteinous or so-call'ed Azlon fibers of natural, artificial, regen-. erated, or reconstituted origin.

As has been indicated in the foregoing, the nitrile allo'y fibers are comprised essentially of. the mentioned. acrylonitrile polymer .base which has beenmodified or alloyed with beneficial additaments or constituents. which are adapted and calculated to provide the fiber product withits. peculiar and unusually advantageous properties.

product, which 1's graft or block copolymerized to and upon'the already formed (and, with advantage, already fabricated) acrylonitrile. polymer. base. Alternatively,

and with equal advantage, the beneficial-constituent may be a dye-receptive and possibly otherwise functionaLPolymeric product with which the essential acrylonitrile poly-' mer base) is graft or block copolymerized by graftcopolymerization of acrylonitrileor an acrylonitrile monomer mixture on or with thealready formed functional" polymer inorder to furnish the fiber-forming. polymer product of 'which the nitrile alloy fiber is composedf Or, as a suitable and frequently quite satisfactory alterna'-' tive, the already formed beneficial additaments or con-, stituentsiin the nitrile alloy fiber may be in the nature of polymeric adjuvants that are physically blended and int-imatelyincorporated by any of several suitable procedures withv the essential arcrylonitrile polymer base. Such'adjuvants may be homopolymeric, copolymeric or graft copolymeric substances which serve to'augment' at least the dyeability of the. normally ditficult (if not' impossible) to dye acrylonitrile polymer base.

Amongstthe most beneficial and advantageous of the nitrilealloy fibers are those that are comprised of the."

essentialacrylonitrile polymer base, particularly polyacrylonitrile, inwhich there has been intimately and per manently; or substantially permanently incorporated minor proportions of from. about 1"or so up to about 20 or mers, ormixtures thereof, 'as the several N-vinyl lactams including such broadly related products as the N-vinyl;

3-morpholinones; the N-vinyl-2-oxazolidinones; and ,cer-

tain of the N-vinyl-N-methyl-alkylsulfonamides. Thus,

the nitrile alloy may be comprised of the acrylonitrile.

polymer base that is'prepared by. graft. or: block copolymerizationof acrylonitrile or an acrylonitrile-containing.

monomer mixture upon a minor proportion of an.al-. ready formed polymer derived from any of the indicated varieties of azotic monomers or their mixtures. Or, as mentioned, it may consist of a graft copolymer product.

of any of the indicated varieties of azotic monomers on an already formed and preferably already fabricated acrylonitrile polymer base. Advantageously, and fre: quently, with consumate suitability, the nitrile alloy fiber may be comprised of the acrylonitrile polymer base in which there is permanently incorporated by physical blending a minor proportion of any of the polymer prod-.

ucts from the specified azotic monomers or mixtures.

thereof, primarily as dye-assisting adjuvants.

Such speci'es'of nitrile alloy fibers are capable of being accurately. described as synergetic and anisotropic clathratesv that are composed .of a hydrophobic polymer. In such varieties of the nitrile alloy fibers (as well as in other.

in combinationflwitha hydro-philic polymer.

of the forms in which they maybe obtained) there is a mutually enhancing cooperative union of a highly crystalline polymer which provides strength, durability,

wrinkle recovery and 'highmelting point in the fibers' with an usually non-ionic polychelate that provides dye-v receptivity aswell as moistur'e'reg'aining powers; for. the fiber and other "aesthetic characteristics that lend 'to. the wearing comfort of textile goods manufactured from the fiber. The fiitrile alloy" fibers have been described by in the Textile Research Journal, volume XXVII,,N0. 9,

for September 1957, pp. 703-7l2. They have also been recognized as a distinct class of man-made synthetic textile fibers in Textil Organon, September 1956, at pages 129-430.

As indicated, the adjuvant or beneficial constituent in the nitrile alloy fiber may be homopolymeric in nature or it may be a straight copolymer of any of the azotic monomers specified with other monoand polyfunctional monomers. Adjuvants of this variety are ordinarily physically blended with the essential acrylonitrile polymer base in order to secure the desired intimate incorporation of the beneficial constituent and the resulting alloying effect in the fiber. Likewise, there may be similarly utilized for physical blending purposes adjuvants or additaments that are graft copolymeric in nature and which consist of various monomers that are graft oopolymerized on substrates consisting of polymers of any of the indicated azotic monomers, such as poly-N-vinyllactam substrates; poly-N-vinyl-Z-oxazolidinone substrates and poly-N-vinyl-N-methyl-alkylsulfonamide sub-,.

strates. Similarly, just as suitably, graft copolymeric additaments may be provided and employed when they consist of any of the specified or closely related azotic monomers (such as N-vinyl lactam monomers, N-vinyl- 2-oxazolidinone monomers and N-vinyl-N-rnethyl alkylsulfonamide monomers) graft copolymerized or other functional polymer substrates.

It is usually beneficial for the polymer products of the azotic functional monomers to be present as the beneficial component in nitrile alloy fibers in an amount that is in the neighborhood or range of from about 5 to percent by weight, based on the weight of the nitrile alloy composition. It is frequently quite desirable to employ a homopolymeric N-vinyl lactam polymer, such as poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (which may also be identified as poly-N-vinyl-Z-pyrrolidone or, with varied terminology, poly-N-vinyl-Z-pyrrolidinone), poly-N-vinyl caprolactam, or somewhat related thereto, a poly-N-vinyl-3-m orpholinone; or a ho-mopolymeric N-vinyl-Z-oxazolidinone or poly-N-vinyl-S-methyl-2oxazolidinone; or a homopolymeric N-vinyl-methylalkylsulfonamide polymer such as homopolymeric N-vinyl-N-methyl-methylsulfonamide; as the polymeric adjuvant that is blended with the essential acrylonitrile polymer base in the nitrile alloy composition. When physically blended nitrile alloy products are prepared that utilize, as the beneficial additament or constituent, copolymeric or graft copolymeric products of the indicated azotic monomers, it is usually beneficial for the polymeric adjuvants that are employed to be those which are comprised of at least about 50 percent or even as much as 80 or more percent by weight ofthe products of the indicated constituents derived from 0 RC& EUR

RCH 0:0

N Il :[C=CH2 wherein each substituent R unit is independently selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, 1 to about 4 carbon alkyl radicals, 6 to about 10 carbon aryl radicals and equivalents thereof.

Similarly, besides unsubstituted N-vinyl-2-oxazolidi' none, other N-vinyl (or 3-vinyl)-2-oxazolidinone prodf ucts which may be used as polymeric adjuvants include those derived from monomers represented by the formula:

in which at least one of the substituent R R R or R; groups, when it is not hydrogen, may be a l to about 4 carbon atom alkyl radical or a 6 to about 10 carbon atom aryl radical or their equivalents. Typical of such monomers may be mentioned N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-oxazolidi none; N-vinyl-S-chloromethyl-Z-oxazolidinone; N-vinyl-4, 5-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, N-vinyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazolidinone; N-vinyl-S-phenyl-Z-oxazolidinone; and the like.

The N vinyl N methyl-alkylsulfonamide monomers whose polymeric products may be advantageously utilized for the nitrile alloys include those representedby the formula:

wherein R is hydrogen, a 1 to about 4 carbon alkyl radical, a 6 to about 10 carbon aryl radical or some equivalent thereof.

Suitable nitrile alloy products may also be manufactured from other beneficial additaments or components that are more or less equivalent to those derived from the azotic monomers indicated in the foregoing. Thus, other varieties of N-heterocyclic monomers more or less similar or related to the specified N-2-propenyl types and analogous related azotic compounds may frequently be employed in combination with or to replace the several beneficial additaments or constituents that have been delineated.

What is claimed is:

l. A synthetic textile fiber which is characterized in having its normal receptivity to dyestuffs modified soas' to have dye-resisting characteristics, said fiber being selected from the class of synthetic textile fibers consisting of (A) intimate polymer blends comprised essentially of (A1) between about and about 99 weight percent, based on dry fiber weight, of a fiber-forming acrylonitrile addition polymer with (A2) between about 20 and about 1 Weight percent, based on dry fiber Weight, of an azotic polymeric dye-assisting adjuvant selected from the group consisting of addition polymers of at least about 50 weight percent, based on the weight of the" azotic polymer, of (A2a) N-vinyl lactam monomers; (A2c) n-vinyl-3-morpholinone monomers of the structure:

wherein each substituent R unit is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 1 to about 4,

carbon atom alkyl substituents and 6 to about 10 carbon 11 atom aryl 'subs'tituents; (A2a) N-vinyl-Z-oxazolidinone monomers of the structure:

Rz CO Raft: o=o

H( 3=CH2 in which R R R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 1 to about 4 carbon atom alkyl substituents and 6 to about 10 carbon atom aryl substituents; (A2d) N-vinyl-N-methylalkylsulfonamide monomers of the structure:

ll Rs=0 III-CH: HC=CH1 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 1 to about 4 carbon atom alkyl substituents and 6 to aboutv carbon atom aryl substituents; and (A2e) mixtures thereof; (B) fiber-forming graft copolymers comprised essentially of (B1) between about 80 and about 99v weightpercent, based on dry fiber weight, of-.a preformed fiber-forming acrylonitrile addition polymer sub: strate with graft copolymerized substituents thereon of (B2) between about 20 and about 1 weight percent, based on diy fiber weight, of addition polymerized azotic monomer substituents of at least about 50 Weight percent, based on the weight of graft copolymerized substituent, of (B2a) N-vinyl lactam monomers; (B2b) said N-vinyl- 3-rnorpholinone monomers; (B2a) said N-vinyl-Z-oxazolidinone monomers; (132d) said N-vinyl-N-methyl-alkylsulfonamide monomers; and (B2e) mixtures thereof; and (C) fiber-forming graft copolymers comprised essentiallyof C1) between about 80 and 99 weight, percent, based oud f ber weight, of acrylonitrile graft copolymerized on (C2) between about 20 and about 1 weight percent, based on dry fiber weight, of a pre-formed, dye-assistin g, azotic addition polymer substrate of at least about 50 weight percent, based on the weight of said substrate, of (@211) 'N-vinyl lactam monomers; (C2b) said N-vinyl-3- morpholinone monomers; (C20) said N-vinyl-Z-oxazolidinone monomers; (C2a') said N-vinyl-N-methyl-alkylsulfonamide monomers; and (C22) mixtures thereof, said fiber containing as a dye reserving and resisting agent effective. against direct and acid dyestuffs between about 0.1 and 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the fiber, ofa-compound having the formula:

wherein Ar is a difunctional aromatic nucleus selected from "the, group from hydroquinone, p,p-isopropylidene diphenol, bisphenol sulfone, bisphenol sulfoxidc and mix: turesthereof; each R is independently'selected from the group consisting of p,p'-hydroxy phenyl radicals, hydrogen and alkali metal; and n has an average numerical value from 1 to about 15.

2. The treated fiber of claim 1 containing about 0.1 and about 2 percent by weight of said reserving agent and characterized in having relatively slight resistance to becoming stained upon contact withdyestuffs.

3. The treated fiber of claim 1 containing between about 1.5 and about 10 percent by weight of said reserving agent applied thereon and characterized in having a moderate reserving action to becoming stained upon being contacted with dyestuffs.

-4:-Th'e treatedfiber of claim 1 containing'betweenabout-10 and about 20 percent by weight of saidreserving pleteresistance to: become stained upon contact with dyestuffs.

5. The treated fiber of claim 1 contained in a b1end=of fibers with cellulosic fibers.

6. A blend of fibers in accordance with the blend setforth in claim 5, wherein said cellulosic fibers are cotton. 7. The treated fiber of claim 1 contained in a blend of fibers with proteinous fibers.

8. A blend of fibers in accordance with the blend set forth in claim 7, wherein said proteinous fibers are wool. 9. The treated fiber of claim 1, wherein said synthetic fiber contains polymerized N-vinyl lactam monomer.-

10. The treated fiber of claim 1, wherein said synthetic fiber contains polymerized N-vinyl-Z-oxazolidinone monomer.

11. The treated fiberof claim 1, wherein said synthetic fiber contains polymerized.N-vinyl-3-morpholinone moo-= omer.

12. The treated fiber of claim 1, wherein said synthetic fiber consists of an intimate polymer blend of polyacryloa nitrile and poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as a dye-assisting I adjuvant.

13. The treated fiber of claim 1, wherein said synthetic fiber consists of an intimate polymer blend of polyacrylonitrile and poly-N-vinylcaprolactam as a dye-assisting adjuvant;

14.. The. treated fiber of claim 1, wherein said synthetic fiber consists of an intimate polymer blend of polyacrylonitrile and poly-N-vinyl-5-methyl-2eoxazolidinone. as. a.

dye-assisting adjuvant.

15 The. treated fiberof claimvl, wherein said synthetic. fiber consiststofan intimatepolymer blend; of polyacrylo-l.

18. The treated article of claim 17, whereinthe moleratio of phenolic nuclei to phosphorous insaid 'agentisa from about 3-111, respectively.

19. The treated article ofclaim 17, wherein the mole ratio of phenolic nuclei to phosphorous in said agent is. about 5:2, respectively.

20. The treated article of claim 1, wherein said dyereslsting agent is a reaction product of p,p'-isopropy1idene diphenol and phosphorous oxychloride.

21. The treated article of claim 1, wherein said dyes resisting agentis 'a reaction product of p,p'-sulfonyI di-- phenol and phosphorous oxychloride.

22. The treated article of claim 1, wherein said dye-.

resisting agent is a reaction product of p,p'-sulfinyldi.- phenol and phosphorous oxychloride.

23. Treatment for a synthetic fiber to reduce its recep:

tivity to dyestuffs, said fiber being selected from the classi of synthetic textile fibers consisting of (A) intimate poly: mer blends comprisedessentially of (A1) betweenabout and about 99 weight percent, based on, dry fiber weight,,

of a fiber-forming acrylonitrile addition polymer with (A2) betweenabout 20 and about 1 weight percent,.. based, on, dry fiber weight, of an azotic, polymericdye-- assisting adjuvant selected'from the group, consistingof addition polymers of at least about, SOWeightpercent;

based on the weight of the azotic polymer, of (A2a) N-vinyl lactam monomers; (A2b) N-vinyl-3-morpholinone monomers of the structure:

wherein each substituent R unit is independently selected a HJ3=CH2 v in which R R R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 1 to about'4 carbon atom alkyl substituents and 6 to about 10 carbon atom aryl substituents; (A2d) N-vinyl-N-methyl-alkylsulfonamide monomers of the structure:

wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, 1 to about 4 carbon atom alkyl substituents and 6 to about carbon atom aryl substituents; and (A2e) mixtures thereof; (B) fiber-forming graft copolymers comprised essentially of (B1) between about 80 and about 99 weight percent, based on dry fiber weight, of a pre-formed fiber-forming acrylonitrile addition polymer substrate with graft copolymerized substituents thereon of (B2) between about 20 and about 1 weight percent, based on dry fiber weight, of addition polymerized azotic 14 monomer substituents of at least about weight percent, based on the weight of graft copolymerized substituent, of (B2a) N-vinyl lactam monomers; (B212) said N-vinyl- 3-morpholinone monomers; (B20) said N-vinyl-Z-oxazolidinone monomers; (B2d) said N-vinyl-N-methyl-alkylsulfonamide monomers; and (32s) mixtures thereof; and (C) fiber-forming graft copolymers comprised essentially of (C1) between about and 99 Weight percent, based on dry fiber Weight, of acrylonitrile graft copolymerized on (C2) between about 20 and about 1 weight percent,

based on dry fiber weight, of a pre-formed, dye-assisting,

azotic addition polymer substrate of at least about 50 weight percent, based on the Weight of said substrate, of (C251) N-vinyl lactam monomers; (C211) said N-vinyl- 3-morpholinone monomers; (C2e) said N-vinyl-'2-oxazo lidinone monomers; (02d) said N-vinyl-N-methyl-alkylsulfonarm'de monomers; and (C2e) mixtures thereof, which treatment comprises applying to the fiber between about 0.1 and 20 percent by weight on the Weight of the fiber of a dye-resisting agent effective against direct and acid dyestuffs as defined by Formula I in claim 1.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,623,806 Fuchs Dec. 30, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 759,595 Great Britain Oct. 24, 1956 OTHER REFERENCES Sandoz: I.S.D.C., v01. 66, October 1950, p. 564.

Claims

1. A SYNTHETIC TEXTILE FIBER WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED IN HAVING ITS NORMAL RECEPTIVITY TO DYESTUFFS MODIFIED SO AS TO HAVE DYE-RESISTING CHARACTERISTICS, SAID FIBER BEING SELECTED FROM THE CLASS OF SYNTHETIC TEXTILE FIBERS CONSISTING OF (A) INTIMATE POLYMER BLENDS COMPRISED ESSENTIAL OF (A1) BETWEEN ABOUT 80 AND ABOUT 99 WEIGHT PERCENT, BASED ON DRY FIBER WEIGHT, OF A FIBER-FORMING ACRYLONITRILE ADDITION POLYMER WITH (A2) BETWEEN ABOUT 20 AND ABOUT 1 WEIGHT PERCENT, BASED AND DRY FIBER WEIGHT, OFR AN AZOTIC POLYMERIC DYE-ASSISTING ADJUVANT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ADDITION POLYMERS OF AT LEAST ABOUT 0 WEIGHT PERCENT, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE AZOTIC POLYMER, OF (A2A) N-VINYL LACTAM MONOMERS, (A2C) N-VINYL-3-MORPHOLINONE MONOMERS OF THE STRUC TURE: