US2929935A - Image amplifier - Google Patents
Image amplifier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2929935A US2929935A US445271A US44527154A US2929935A US 2929935 A US2929935 A US 2929935A US 445271 A US445271 A US 445271A US 44527154 A US44527154 A US 44527154A US 2929935 A US2929935 A US 2929935A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- image
- screen
- radiation
- electrons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
- H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
- H01J29/36—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
- H01J29/39—Charge-storage screens
- H01J29/41—Charge-storage screens using secondary emission, e.g. for supericonoscope
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
- H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
- H01J29/36—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
- H01J29/38—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens not using charge storage, e.g. photo-emissive screen, extended cathode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
- H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
- H01J29/36—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
- H01J29/38—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens not using charge storage, e.g. photo-emissive screen, extended cathode
- H01J29/385—Photocathodes comprising a layer which modified the wave length of impinging radiation
Definitions
- One object of my invention is accordingly to provide a new and improved form of image intensifier.
- Another object is to provide a new and improved form of integral tube producing on an output screen a light image which is a replica of greatly enhanced brightness of an image on its input screen.
- Another object is to provide a single integral tube of improved form for producing on its output screen an intensified image, with little reduction of linear dimensions, of an X-ray image of its fluorescent-input screen.
- Still another object is to provide, in an integral image intensifier tube, means by which the contrast between shadowgraphs of only slightly different intensity-level may be selectively varied at will whereby the images of certain objects or organs may be brought out clearly while other image-portions are suppressed into background.
- Figure l is a schematic view in section of a tube embodying the principles of my invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-section of a target screen employed in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 is a schematic view in section of a modified input screen which may be employed in Fig. 1.
- a vacuum-tight enclosure 1 which may if desired be of glass, has a cathode comprising a layer 2 of aluminum or other metal having a low absorptive power for X-rays and a second layer 3 of a material such as crystalline cadmium sulphide, CdS, cadmium selenide, CdSe, or cadmium telluride, CdTe, which is temporarily rendered photo-conductive over a limited volume in which an X-ray quantum is absorbed.
- the free face of layer 3 is coated with a layer 4 of conductive material having a relatively high electrical resistivity, and which also is chemically inert to attack by the layer 3, and a photoelectrically emis- States Patent.
- an output screen comprising a layer 11 of an electron phosphorsuch as zinc sulphide which may be coated on the glass end wall of tube 1, and which is coated in turn by a layer 12 of aluminum which may be thin enough to be transparent to electrons accelerated into impact upon it from the photoelectrically-emissive layer 5.
- an electron phosphor such as zinc sulphide which may be coated on the glass end wall of tube 1
- a layer 12 of aluminum which may be thin enough to be transparent to electrons accelerated into impact upon it from the photoelectrically-emissive layer 5.
- a source of direct current voltage 13 accelerates electrons emitted by layer 5 into impact upon layers 12 and 11 and produces a light image in layer 11 which'corresponds in space distribution with the electron image generated at photoelectrically-emissive layer 5 in a manner about to be described.
- a second direct current voltage source 14 is connected to impress its voltage across the photoconductive layer 3.
- the radiation from source 6 is preferably of a type which produces virtually no conductivity in the photoconductive layer 3; radiation of wavelength above 6500 Angstroins is of that type in relation to cadmium sulphide, for example. It should, however, produce a' tree emission of electrons from the photoelectrically-emissive layer .5, and will do so if the latter is of cesium silver oxide or cesiated antimony.
- the space within tube 1 may be provided with means to cause electrons emitted at screen 5 to 'follow paths parallel to the axis of tube 1; thismay be done by establishing a magnetic field parallel to said axis by means of windings 15.
- the radiation from source 6 tends to produce a uniform emission of electrons from the surface of screen 5:, and does so when no X-rays are incident on layers 2 and 3. These electrons are drawn away by-the electric field between screen 5 and the aluminum layer, 12 on the output screen. As long, however, as no X-rays strike the photoconductive layer 3, the high resistance of layer 4 prevents any flow radially along its surface, through the external circuit of batteries 13 and 14, to replenish the emitted electrons in the surface layer of photoemitter 5, and no continued flow of electrons into incidence with output phosphor 11 takes place.
- the latter may be focussed on an electron storage screen such as the glass screen of an image orthicon and used for television techniques and the like.
- the screen comprising layers 2, 3, 4 and 5 may, in fact, be considered an extremely sensitive and efiicient radiation-responsive cathode.
- cathode is useful, not only in image intensifying. devices, but in detectors forv nuclear radiation, in which case windows transmissive ofthe particular radiation would be provided in the envelope. Photomultiplier structures could then be provided to respond to the light from output layer 11.
- the resolution of which the photoconductive lamina is capable may be increased by employment of the structure shown in Fig. 2 in which filaments 21 of photoconductivematerial are embedded in a matrix of glass or other insulating material with their ends exposed on the two faces of the screen.
- This structure prevents conduction .of.the electrons laterally within the lamina 3 while maintaining full conduction between the layers on its faces coror other low-melting insulator, and grinding down its opposed surfaces sutficiently to expose the ends of the photoconductive particles after it had cooled.
- a high resistance layer 4 which may be of carbon particles for example
- the arrangement is operative if the-layer 4 and voltage source 14 are omitted; or if the source 14 is omitted and layer 4 left floating in potential.
- the layer 4 By making the layer 4 of a material which is opaque to the radiation from source 6, the need for having the latter of a wave length which does not afiect the photoconductive layer 3 may be avoided.
- An input screen for an image'amplifier comprising a thin electrically conductive layer sandwiched between a fluorescent layer responsive to the image to be amplified and aradiation sensitive layer, said electricallyconducscreen, said input screen comprising a light sensitive layer responsive to radiation of an image to be amplified, said layer comprised of a plurality of filaments of photoconductive material embedded in a matrix of insulating material, said light sensitive layer sandwiched between a layer of photoemissive material and an electrically conductive layer.
Landscapes
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US445271A US2929935A (en) | 1954-07-23 | 1954-07-23 | Image amplifier |
DEW17067A DE1032440B (de) | 1954-07-23 | 1955-07-11 | Strahlungsempfindliche Vorrichtung, besonders fuer Roentgenbildverstaerker |
GB20375/55A GB778793A (en) | 1954-07-23 | 1955-07-14 | Improvements in or relating to devices for intensifying images produced by radiation |
FR1127819D FR1127819A (fr) | 1954-07-23 | 1955-07-20 | Renforçateur d'images |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US445271A US2929935A (en) | 1954-07-23 | 1954-07-23 | Image amplifier |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2929935A true US2929935A (en) | 1960-03-22 |
Family
ID=23768244
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US445271A Expired - Lifetime US2929935A (en) | 1954-07-23 | 1954-07-23 | Image amplifier |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2929935A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE1032440B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR1127819A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB778793A (fr) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3107303A (en) * | 1960-12-28 | 1963-10-15 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Positive or negative high gain image amplifier |
US3368077A (en) * | 1963-03-08 | 1968-02-06 | Electro Optical Systems Inc | Infra-red image intensifier having a tunnel-emission cathode having a conductive mosaic |
US3436550A (en) * | 1963-09-05 | 1969-04-01 | Jack Finkle | Electronic pick-up tube for incident x-rays with image intensifier |
US3475411A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1969-10-28 | Varian Associates | Mosaic x-ray pick-up screen for x-ray image intensifier tubes |
US3772562A (en) * | 1968-07-12 | 1973-11-13 | Bendix Corp | Phosphor screen assembly |
US6086252A (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 2000-07-11 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Correction of fixed pattern noise |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1092094A (en) * | 1963-08-20 | 1967-11-22 | Mullard Ltd | Improvements in or relating to photo-cathodes |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2523132A (en) * | 1949-08-10 | 1950-09-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Photosensitive apparatus |
US2572494A (en) * | 1946-06-28 | 1951-10-23 | Rca Corp | Velocity selection in electron tubes |
US2650310A (en) * | 1952-10-10 | 1953-08-25 | Gen Electric | X-ray image intensification and method |
US2683832A (en) * | 1948-04-15 | 1954-07-13 | Pye Ltd | Image pickup electron tube |
US2699512A (en) * | 1951-11-21 | 1955-01-11 | Sheldon Edward Emanuel | Camera for invisible radiation images |
US2747132A (en) * | 1951-12-18 | 1956-05-22 | Sheldon Edward Emanuel | Device sensitive to invisible images |
US2747131A (en) * | 1951-10-12 | 1956-05-22 | Sheldon Edward Emanuel | Electronic system sensitive to invisible images |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB515301A (en) * | 1938-03-29 | 1939-12-01 | Hans Gerhard Lubszynski | Improvements in or relating to photo electric devices |
DE915963C (de) * | 1944-10-09 | 1954-08-02 | Aeg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cadmiumsulfidphotoschichten |
-
1954
- 1954-07-23 US US445271A patent/US2929935A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1955
- 1955-07-11 DE DEW17067A patent/DE1032440B/de active Pending
- 1955-07-14 GB GB20375/55A patent/GB778793A/en not_active Expired
- 1955-07-20 FR FR1127819D patent/FR1127819A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2572494A (en) * | 1946-06-28 | 1951-10-23 | Rca Corp | Velocity selection in electron tubes |
US2683832A (en) * | 1948-04-15 | 1954-07-13 | Pye Ltd | Image pickup electron tube |
US2523132A (en) * | 1949-08-10 | 1950-09-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Photosensitive apparatus |
US2747131A (en) * | 1951-10-12 | 1956-05-22 | Sheldon Edward Emanuel | Electronic system sensitive to invisible images |
US2699512A (en) * | 1951-11-21 | 1955-01-11 | Sheldon Edward Emanuel | Camera for invisible radiation images |
US2747132A (en) * | 1951-12-18 | 1956-05-22 | Sheldon Edward Emanuel | Device sensitive to invisible images |
US2650310A (en) * | 1952-10-10 | 1953-08-25 | Gen Electric | X-ray image intensification and method |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3107303A (en) * | 1960-12-28 | 1963-10-15 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Positive or negative high gain image amplifier |
US3368077A (en) * | 1963-03-08 | 1968-02-06 | Electro Optical Systems Inc | Infra-red image intensifier having a tunnel-emission cathode having a conductive mosaic |
US3436550A (en) * | 1963-09-05 | 1969-04-01 | Jack Finkle | Electronic pick-up tube for incident x-rays with image intensifier |
US3475411A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1969-10-28 | Varian Associates | Mosaic x-ray pick-up screen for x-ray image intensifier tubes |
US3772562A (en) * | 1968-07-12 | 1973-11-13 | Bendix Corp | Phosphor screen assembly |
US6086252A (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 2000-07-11 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Correction of fixed pattern noise |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1127819A (fr) | 1956-12-26 |
DE1032440B (de) | 1958-06-19 |
GB778793A (en) | 1957-07-10 |
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