US2926981A - Method of gettering using zirconiumtitanium alloy - Google Patents

Method of gettering using zirconiumtitanium alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US2926981A
US2926981A US683339A US68333957A US2926981A US 2926981 A US2926981 A US 2926981A US 683339 A US683339 A US 683339A US 68333957 A US68333957 A US 68333957A US 2926981 A US2926981 A US 2926981A
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Prior art keywords
zirconium
alloy
titanium
getter
sorption
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Expired - Lifetime
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US683339A
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English (en)
Inventor
Virgil L Stout
Martin D Gibbons
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to US683339A priority Critical patent/US2926981A/en
Priority to DEG25282A priority patent/DE1081977B/de
Priority to FR1211644D priority patent/FR1211644A/fr
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Publication of US2926981A publication Critical patent/US2926981A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J7/00—Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J7/14—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01J7/18—Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering
    • H01J7/183—Composition or manufacture of getters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S420/00—Alloys or metallic compositions
    • Y10S420/90—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improved getter materials and more particularly to the use of zirconiumtitanium alloy getters.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a more eflicient getter material.
  • Another object is to provide a method of gettering with a more eflicient getter material.
  • Titanium and zirconium are known to rank among the best of getter materials but even they have severe limitations. For example, titanium does not continuously .sorb hydrogen, in the gettering of water vapor, unless heated to a temperature so high that the surface oxidation, which inhibits sorption of hydrogen, is continuously sorbed. But at such a temperature, titanium retains only a small amount of hydrogen.
  • a further object of the present invention is the provision of a method of gettering with a getter material that sorbs oxygen much better than either titanium or zirconium.
  • Still another object is the provision of a getter material that sorbs water vapor much better than either titanium or zirconium.
  • getter materials such as titanium in the sorption of oxygen, are efiective at only high temperatures.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a getter material that is effective at relatively low temperatures.
  • Fig. 1 is a graph of the oxygen sorption constant of zirconium-titanium alloys at 375' degrees centigrade
  • Fig. 2 is a graph of the oxygen sorption constant of several zirconium-titanium alloys over a range of temperatures
  • Fig. 3 is a graph of the air sorption constant of some zirconium-titanium alloys over a range of temperatures.
  • the ordinate units are micron liters of sorbed oxygen per centimeter squared of getter surface per minute to the one-half power. These units wherein Q is the quantity of gas or vapor sorbed per unit area of getter-surface; K is a constant-called the parabolic rate or sorption constan tthe value of which depends upon, among other things, the particular gasyor vapor and temperature of interest; and r is the time during which sorption occurs.- I The derivative of Equation 1 with respect to time is of gas or vapor sorption: 7'.
  • K is a measure or indication of sorption rateand consequently has been selected for the-ordinate .values of the Fig. 1 graph.
  • the abscissa units of Fig. 1 are in atomic percent zirconium. -That is, they are the number of atoms of zir conium in the respective alloys, divided by the sum of the number of atoms of titanium and zirconium.
  • the graph of Fig. 1 illustrates that most zirconiumtitanium alloys at 375 degrees centigrade have a higher oxygen sorption constant than either titanium or zirconium alone. In the region from 50 to 97 atomic percent zirconium, the sorption constant is especially high. And at approximately 87.5 atomic percent zirconium, the oxygen sorption constant, which is a maximum, is almost 100 times greater than that for substantially pure zirconium and approximately 1,000 times greater than that for substantially pure titanium.
  • the lines in Fig. 2 represent the oxygen sorption constants for the indicated zirconium-titanium alloys over a large range of temperatures.
  • the solid-line portions are the loci of plotted points, but the dotted portions are only extrapolations from the solid-line portions.
  • the extreme right position of the 87.5 atomic percent zirconium line signifies that over the indicated range of temperatures a zirconium titanium alloy of this percentage has a greater oxygen sorption constant than that for any other alloy tested.
  • the position of. all of the alloy lines to the right of the zirconium and titanium lines means that all of the tested alloys getter oxygen, for any given sorption constant, at a lower temperature than either titanium or zirconium. This is not to. say that all zirconium-titanium alloys getter better than zirconium for, as is evident from the curve of Fig. 1, alloys of 10 or less atomic percent zirconium do not getter oxygen as well as substantially pure zirconium.
  • the oxygen sorption constant curve at any temperature has approximately the shape of Fig. 1 because over the range of illustrated temperatures, an alloy of 87 .5 atomic percent zirconium has a higher sorption constant than any other tested alloy; an alloy of atomic percent zirconium has a higher sorption constant than 62.5 atomic percent zirconium; an alloy of 62.5 atomic percent zirconium has a higher sorption constant than 50 atomic percent zirconium; etc.
  • the graph of Fig. 3 is similar to that of Fig. 2 except v that it illustrates the sorption constants of air rather than oxygen. Alloys between 50 and 63 atomic percent zirconium are seen to be very good for sorbing air and the optimum alloy depends upon temperature. As is evident from Fig. 1, this percentage range although not optimum, is also good for the sorbing of oxygen and Water vapor. Thus, if both water vapor and air are to be gettered, the atomic percentage of zirconium should be selected between 50, which is near the optimum for sorbing air, and 87.5 which is near the optimum for the sorption of water vapor.
  • getter materials can be used in the conventional manner. That is, they can be placed in the envelope to be evacuated, and either directly heated by a heater coil or the like, or indirectly heated by radiation and/or conduction from other heated components in the envelope.
  • the method of removing vapors and gases from an enclosure comprising the steps of: placing in said enclosure a getter consisting essentially of an alloy of to 98 atomic percent zirconium and the bala'nc'e substantially all titanium, and heating said getter.
  • the method of removing vapors and gases from an enclosure comprising the steps of: placing in said enclosure a getter consisting essentially of an alloy of to 97 atomic percent zirconium and the balance substantially all titanium, and heating said getter. 3.
  • the method of removing vapors and gases from an enclosure comprising the steps of: placing in said enclosure a getter consisting essentially of an alloy of to atomic percent zirconium and the balance substantially all titanium, and heating said getter.
  • 4. The method of removing vapors and gases from an enclosure comprising the steps of: placing in said enclosure a getter consisting essentially of an alloy of 87.5 atomic percent zirconium and the balance substantially all titanium and heating said getter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
US683339A 1957-09-11 1957-09-11 Method of gettering using zirconiumtitanium alloy Expired - Lifetime US2926981A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US683339A US2926981A (en) 1957-09-11 1957-09-11 Method of gettering using zirconiumtitanium alloy
DEG25282A DE1081977B (de) 1957-09-11 1958-09-11 Getterstoff aus einer Legierung von Zirkon und Titan
FR1211644D FR1211644A (fr) 1957-09-11 1958-09-11 Matière pour getter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US683339A US2926981A (en) 1957-09-11 1957-09-11 Method of gettering using zirconiumtitanium alloy

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US (1) US2926981A (fr)
DE (1) DE1081977B (fr)
FR (1) FR1211644A (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3408130A (en) * 1966-01-08 1968-10-29 Philips Corp Nonevaporative getter
US3466734A (en) * 1967-03-16 1969-09-16 Crucible Steel Co America Metal articles and method
US3472704A (en) * 1966-09-21 1969-10-14 Ca Atomic Energy Ltd Wear resistant member
JPS4812596B1 (fr) * 1969-04-03 1973-04-21
US3795432A (en) * 1972-02-03 1974-03-05 Us Navy Method for eliminating degradation of crossed-field-amplifier performance
US4025812A (en) * 1975-10-14 1977-05-24 General Electric Company Alumina ceramic alkali metal lamp having metal getter structure
US4082834A (en) * 1973-03-21 1978-04-04 General Electric Company Process for gettering moisture and reactive gases
US4153484A (en) * 1976-01-20 1979-05-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Hydrogen storage material
US4200460A (en) * 1970-09-22 1980-04-29 General Electric Company Alloys for gettering moisture and reactive gases
EP0015428A1 (fr) * 1979-02-15 1980-09-17 Eugene Farrell Hill Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation de l'hydrogène de fluides
DE3012968A1 (de) * 1979-04-06 1980-10-30 Getters Spa Gettervorrichtung fuer die sorption von wasserstoff
US4312669A (en) * 1979-02-05 1982-01-26 Saes Getters S.P.A. Non-evaporable ternary gettering alloy and method of use for the sorption of water, water vapor and other gases
US4468235A (en) * 1979-02-15 1984-08-28 Hill Eugene F Hydrogen separation using coated titanium alloys
US4514698A (en) * 1972-09-05 1985-04-30 Trw Inc. Chemical laser pump including cryogenic and condensing means
US4661317A (en) * 1984-06-28 1987-04-28 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Method for manufacturing a hydrogen-storing alloy
US4907948A (en) * 1979-02-05 1990-03-13 Saes Getters S.P.A. Non-evaporable ternary gettering alloy, particularly for the sorption of water and water vapor in nuclear reactor fuel elements
US5026521A (en) * 1989-05-08 1991-06-25 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Zirconium-titanium and/or tantalum oxygen alloy
US20040051507A1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2004-03-18 Gabrys Christopher W. Long-life vacuum system for energy storage flywheels
US7315115B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2008-01-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light-emitting and electron-emitting devices having getter regions
US20090241639A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2009-10-01 Reiner Kirchheim Method for the Detection of Gaseous Impurities in Materials
US10583486B2 (en) 2017-01-04 2020-03-10 Honeywell International Inc. Hot isostatic pressing apparatus and hot isostatic pressing methods for reducing surface-area chemical degradation on an article of manufacture

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB755804A (en) * 1953-09-30 1956-08-29 Philips Electrical Ind Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods of producing getters

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL52890C (fr) * 1936-06-21

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB755804A (en) * 1953-09-30 1956-08-29 Philips Electrical Ind Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods of producing getters

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3408130A (en) * 1966-01-08 1968-10-29 Philips Corp Nonevaporative getter
US3472704A (en) * 1966-09-21 1969-10-14 Ca Atomic Energy Ltd Wear resistant member
US3466734A (en) * 1967-03-16 1969-09-16 Crucible Steel Co America Metal articles and method
JPS4812596B1 (fr) * 1969-04-03 1973-04-21
US4200460A (en) * 1970-09-22 1980-04-29 General Electric Company Alloys for gettering moisture and reactive gases
US3795432A (en) * 1972-02-03 1974-03-05 Us Navy Method for eliminating degradation of crossed-field-amplifier performance
US4514698A (en) * 1972-09-05 1985-04-30 Trw Inc. Chemical laser pump including cryogenic and condensing means
US4082834A (en) * 1973-03-21 1978-04-04 General Electric Company Process for gettering moisture and reactive gases
US4025812A (en) * 1975-10-14 1977-05-24 General Electric Company Alumina ceramic alkali metal lamp having metal getter structure
US4153484A (en) * 1976-01-20 1979-05-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Hydrogen storage material
US4907948A (en) * 1979-02-05 1990-03-13 Saes Getters S.P.A. Non-evaporable ternary gettering alloy, particularly for the sorption of water and water vapor in nuclear reactor fuel elements
US4312669A (en) * 1979-02-05 1982-01-26 Saes Getters S.P.A. Non-evaporable ternary gettering alloy and method of use for the sorption of water, water vapor and other gases
US4468235A (en) * 1979-02-15 1984-08-28 Hill Eugene F Hydrogen separation using coated titanium alloys
EP0015428A1 (fr) * 1979-02-15 1980-09-17 Eugene Farrell Hill Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation de l'hydrogène de fluides
DE3012968A1 (de) * 1979-04-06 1980-10-30 Getters Spa Gettervorrichtung fuer die sorption von wasserstoff
US4661317A (en) * 1984-06-28 1987-04-28 Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft Method for manufacturing a hydrogen-storing alloy
US5026521A (en) * 1989-05-08 1991-06-25 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Zirconium-titanium and/or tantalum oxygen alloy
US20040051507A1 (en) * 2000-08-10 2004-03-18 Gabrys Christopher W. Long-life vacuum system for energy storage flywheels
US7053589B2 (en) * 2000-08-10 2006-05-30 Gabrys Christopher W Long-life vacuum system for energy storage flywheels
US7315115B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2008-01-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Light-emitting and electron-emitting devices having getter regions
US20090241639A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2009-10-01 Reiner Kirchheim Method for the Detection of Gaseous Impurities in Materials
US8113035B2 (en) * 2006-04-25 2012-02-14 Reiner Kirchheim Method for the detection of gaseous impurities in materials
US10583486B2 (en) 2017-01-04 2020-03-10 Honeywell International Inc. Hot isostatic pressing apparatus and hot isostatic pressing methods for reducing surface-area chemical degradation on an article of manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1081977B (de) 1960-05-19
FR1211644A (fr) 1960-03-17

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