US2920629A - Filtration of tobacco smoke - Google Patents
Filtration of tobacco smoke Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2920629A US2920629A US726273A US72627358A US2920629A US 2920629 A US2920629 A US 2920629A US 726273 A US726273 A US 726273A US 72627358 A US72627358 A US 72627358A US 2920629 A US2920629 A US 2920629A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- stearate
- tobacco smoke
- trimethyloctadecylammonium
- filter
- tobacco
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims description 34
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title description 7
- DTSCWNFJDVLSFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M octadecanoate;trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DTSCWNFJDVLSFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical class [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C VBIIFPGSPJYLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088990 ammonium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- UKVYVYQRDUUCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N morpholin-4-ium;octadecanoate Chemical compound C1COCCN1.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKVYVYQRDUUCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHKARUZMOFSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoate;piperazin-1-ium Chemical compound C1C[NH2+]CCN1.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYHKARUZMOFSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHALDANPYXAMJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoate;tris(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium Chemical compound OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZHALDANPYXAMJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940114926 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940029614 triethanolamine stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
Definitions
- tobacco smoke contains various alkaloids and health-affecting volatile materials such as nicotine and also tarry and other constituents which tend to physiologically irritate the smoker. Attempts have been made to obviate the harmful effects induced or aggravated by these materials by using filters. However, the various filtering devices and processes of the prior art have not been entirely satisfactory, although in many cases they remove, to some degree, toxic materials.
- some of the methods and devices used for filtering tobacco smoke fail to satisfy completely the needs of the smoker or tobacco industry because they only remove a small portion of the toxic materials, are inconvenient to use, unfavorably influence the taste of the tobacco smoke, or adversely affect the burning characteristics of the tobacco.
- the stearate may be adsorbed on porous materials such as exemplified by cellulosic products (e.g., cellulose acetate, paper, cotton, and wood), asbestos wool, particles of pumice stone, silica gel, cork, glass, wool, earth and plastic materials. These materials may be formed in the shape of cylindrical cartridges or inserts, or packed in cylindrical capsules or envelopes. Whatever form or shape filter is used, it may be retained within smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars, cigarette or cigar holders, or pipes in a conventional manner, thereby permitting tobacco smoke to be drawn into contact with the filter before entering the mouth of the smoker.
- cellulosic products e.g., cellulose acetate, paper, cotton, and wood
- asbestos wool e.g., asbestos wool, particles of pumice stone, silica gel, cork, glass, wool, earth and plastic materials.
- silica gel e.g., silica gel, cork, glass, wool, earth and plastic materials.
- trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate has a superior capacity to retain tars and alkaloids such as nicotine much more effectively than other stearates such as p-d-iisobutylphenoxyethoxydimethylammonium stearate, sodium stearate, ammonium stearate, triethanolamine stearate, piperazine stearate, and morpholine stearate.
- the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing which shows a partially broken away perspective view of a cigarette having disposed therein tobacco and a tobacco smoke filter adapted to permit the passage of smoke 2,920,629 Patented Jan. 12, 196Q 2 therethrough.
- the filter comprises a cylindrical insert of asbestos wool having trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate included therein.
- the drawing shows the same cigarette wrapper circumscribing the tobacco .and filter insert.
- the following example illustrates a satisfactory procedure for distributing trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate on cotton fibers to form a filter.
- Example About 1390 parts by weight of about a 25% isopropyl alcohol solution of trimethyloctadecylammonium chlo-, ride may be added to a vessel containing about 2 grams of cotton.
- About 1224 parts by weight of about a 25 mixture of sodium stearate dispersion containing about 10% water and about 65% isopropyl alcohol should then be added at room temperatures, with agitation, to the vessel.
- Commercially available, triple-pressed stearic acid may be used in making the sodium stearate.
- the trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride is first adsorbed by the cotton, and trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate is afterwards formed directly on the cotton fibers upon the addition of sodium stearate to the vessel.
- the impregnated cotton should be removed from the vessel, dried in a conventional manner and formed into a cylindrical filter for use in a cigarette.
- the resulting filter will have the water-insoluble trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate afiixed to its fibers. Nicotine and tars become readily bound to the stearate retained by the cotton carrier.
- the concentration of the reactants in the above example is not critical because a high proportion of the trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate reaction product formed in the liquid media will be deposited on and/or adsorbed by the carrier irrespective of its concentration in the solution. However, a sufficient amount of stearate reaction product should be formed so as to assure the deposition or formation of an eifective amount of the cationic stearate reaction product on the carrier. As i1- lustrated in the above equation, one mole of trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride and one mole of sodium stearate react to form one mole of trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate.
- the ionic attraction of the cationic stearate reaction product to the anionic carrier will be sufiiciently great so as to tend to assure the deposition of high levels of stearate reaction product on the carrier. Therefore, it is advantageous to add, first, the chloride to the carrier and then add sodium stearate to the vessel so that the resulting reaction product is formed directly on the carrier. 0n the other hand, if desired, trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate may be first formed, then substantially dissolved in hot chloroform, and finally applied as a solution to the carrier.
- a tobacco smoke filter comprising a supporting mass adapted to afford passage of tobacco smoke therethrough, said mass 7 including trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate.
- An improved tobacco smoke filter comprising a cylindrical tobacco smoke filter having an efiective amount of trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate as 'a filtering aid.
- a tobacco smoke filter comprising a supporting mass of material adapted to alford passage of tobacco smoke therethrough, said mass containing trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate.
- the method of treating'tobacco smoke to reduce irritating constituents therein which comprises contacting the smoke with trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate which is supported by a carrier.
- a tobacco smoking article having disposed therein tobacco and a tobacco smoke filter adapted to permit the passage of the smoke therethrough, said filter comprising a supporting mass which includes trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate, whereby irritating constituents in tobacco smoke are retained by said filter when smoke from the burning tobacco is drawn through said filter.
Description
Jan. 12, 1960 J. w. KINNAVY FILTRATION OF. TOBACCO SMOKE Filed April 3, 1958 Jzae Jwea %%777 United States Patent rice FILTRATION or TOBACCO SMOKE James W. Kinnavy, Elmhurst, Ill., assignor to Wallace A. Erickson & Co., Chicago, 11L, a corporation of Illinois Application April 3, 1958, Serial No. 726,273 6 Claims. c1; 131-10 This invention relates to the treatment of tobacco smoke for the purpose of reducing the presence of undesired constituents therein and means to accomplish this result.
The harmful physiological effects of volatile constituents contained in tobacco smoke have long been recognized. It is well known, for example, that tobacco smoke contains various alkaloids and health-affecting volatile materials such as nicotine and also tarry and other constituents which tend to physiologically irritate the smoker. Attempts have been made to obviate the harmful effects induced or aggravated by these materials by using filters. However, the various filtering devices and processes of the prior art have not been entirely satisfactory, although in many cases they remove, to some degree, toxic materials. For example, some of the methods and devices used for filtering tobacco smoke fail to satisfy completely the needs of the smoker or tobacco industry because they only remove a small portion of the toxic materials, are inconvenient to use, unfavorably influence the taste of the tobacco smoke, or adversely affect the burning characteristics of the tobacco.
I have found that it is possible, by use of a simple filtering operation and device, to remove substantial quantities of the harmful constituents of tobacco smoke evolved from burning tobacco without altering appreciably the flavor generally associated with tobacco smoking articles. This is accomplished by contacting tobacco smoke with trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate, whereby the nicotine and tars become bound to the stearate. Although the use of trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate itself serves to retain alkaloids such as nicotine and tars present in tobacco smoke, the stearate may be retained by a material which serves as a filter as well as carrier for the stearate. For example, the stearate may be adsorbed on porous materials such as exemplified by cellulosic products (e.g., cellulose acetate, paper, cotton, and wood), asbestos wool, particles of pumice stone, silica gel, cork, glass, wool, earth and plastic materials. These materials may be formed in the shape of cylindrical cartridges or inserts, or packed in cylindrical capsules or envelopes. Whatever form or shape filter is used, it may be retained within smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars, cigarette or cigar holders, or pipes in a conventional manner, thereby permitting tobacco smoke to be drawn into contact with the filter before entering the mouth of the smoker.
Also, I have found that trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate has a superior capacity to retain tars and alkaloids such as nicotine much more effectively than other stearates such as p-d-iisobutylphenoxyethoxydimethylammonium stearate, sodium stearate, ammonium stearate, triethanolamine stearate, piperazine stearate, and morpholine stearate.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing which shows a partially broken away perspective view of a cigarette having disposed therein tobacco and a tobacco smoke filter adapted to permit the passage of smoke 2,920,629 Patented Jan. 12, 196Q 2 therethrough. The filter comprises a cylindrical insert of asbestos wool having trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate included therein. The drawing shows the same cigarette wrapper circumscribing the tobacco .and filter insert.
The following example illustrates a satisfactory procedure for distributing trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate on cotton fibers to form a filter.
Example About 1390 parts by weight of about a 25% isopropyl alcohol solution of trimethyloctadecylammonium chlo-, ride may be added to a vessel containing about 2 grams of cotton. About 1224 parts by weight of about a 25 mixture of sodium stearate dispersion containing about 10% water and about 65% isopropyl alcohol should then be added at room temperatures, with agitation, to the vessel. Commercially available, triple-pressed stearic acid may be used in making the sodium stearate.
An immediate reaction occurs whereby the resulting trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate is formed directly on the cotton fibers. This reaction may be shown as follows:
In this process, the trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride is first adsorbed by the cotton, and trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate is afterwards formed directly on the cotton fibers upon the addition of sodium stearate to the vessel.
The deposition of about one gram of trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate on 2 grams of cotton produces an excellent filter, although satisfactory results may be obtained with less than this amount.
The impregnated cotton should be removed from the vessel, dried in a conventional manner and formed into a cylindrical filter for use in a cigarette. The resulting filter will have the water-insoluble trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate afiixed to its fibers. Nicotine and tars become readily bound to the stearate retained by the cotton carrier.
The concentration of the reactants in the above example is not critical because a high proportion of the trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate reaction product formed in the liquid media will be deposited on and/or adsorbed by the carrier irrespective of its concentration in the solution. However, a sufficient amount of stearate reaction product should be formed so as to assure the deposition or formation of an eifective amount of the cationic stearate reaction product on the carrier. As i1- lustrated in the above equation, one mole of trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride and one mole of sodium stearate react to form one mole of trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate.
By using an anionic carrier, the ionic attraction of the cationic stearate reaction product to the anionic carrier will be sufiiciently great so as to tend to assure the deposition of high levels of stearate reaction product on the carrier. Therefore, it is advantageous to add, first, the chloride to the carrier and then add sodium stearate to the vessel so that the resulting reaction product is formed directly on the carrier. 0n the other hand, if desired, trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate may be first formed, then substantially dissolved in hot chloroform, and finally applied as a solution to the carrier.
The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
.I claim:
1. A tobacco smoke filter comprising a supporting mass adapted to afford passage of tobacco smoke therethrough, said mass 7 including trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate. -.2. An improved tobacco smoke filter comprising a cylindrical tobacco smoke filter having an efiective amount of trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate as 'a filtering aid.
3. A tobacco smoke filter comprising a supporting mass of material adapted to alford passage of tobacco smoke therethrough, said mass containing trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate.
4. The method of treating tobacco smoke to reduce irritating constituents therein, which comprises contacting the smoke with trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate.
5. The method of treating'tobacco smoke to reduce irritating constituents therein, which comprises contacting the smoke with trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate which is supported by a carrier.
6. A tobacco smoking articlehaving disposed therein tobacco and a tobacco smoke filter adapted to permit the passage of the smoke therethrough, said filter comprising a supporting mass which includes trimethyloctadecylammonium stearate, whereby irritating constituents in tobacco smoke are retained by said filter when smoke from the burning tobacco is drawn through said filter.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,158,565 Andrews May 16, 1939
Claims (1)
1. A TOBACCO SMOKE FILTER COMPRISING A SUPPORTING MASS ADAPTED TO AFFORD PASSAGE OF TOBACCO SMOKE THERETHROUGH, SAID MASS INCLUDING TRIMETHYLOCTADECYLAMMONIUM STEARATE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US726273A US2920629A (en) | 1958-04-03 | 1958-04-03 | Filtration of tobacco smoke |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US726273A US2920629A (en) | 1958-04-03 | 1958-04-03 | Filtration of tobacco smoke |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2920629A true US2920629A (en) | 1960-01-12 |
Family
ID=24917914
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US726273A Expired - Lifetime US2920629A (en) | 1958-04-03 | 1958-04-03 | Filtration of tobacco smoke |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2920629A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3459194A (en) * | 1967-05-22 | 1969-08-05 | Bertram Eichel | Tobacco product incorporating a filter designed to inhibit the adverse effect of tobacco smoke on oral ubiquitous leucocytes |
| US6119699A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2000-09-19 | Sung; Michael T. | Method and apparatus for the selective removal of specific components from smoke condensates |
| US20020166564A1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2002-11-14 | Sung Michael T. | Silica resin filter for smoking articles |
| CN103876284A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-06-25 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Application of oak barks, functional filter stick additives, preparation method for functional filter stick additives and application on the functional filter stick additives |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2158565A (en) * | 1937-08-27 | 1939-05-16 | Standard Commercial Tobacco Co | Process for making harsh tobacco mild and the resultant product thereof |
-
1958
- 1958-04-03 US US726273A patent/US2920629A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2158565A (en) * | 1937-08-27 | 1939-05-16 | Standard Commercial Tobacco Co | Process for making harsh tobacco mild and the resultant product thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3459194A (en) * | 1967-05-22 | 1969-08-05 | Bertram Eichel | Tobacco product incorporating a filter designed to inhibit the adverse effect of tobacco smoke on oral ubiquitous leucocytes |
| US6119699A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2000-09-19 | Sung; Michael T. | Method and apparatus for the selective removal of specific components from smoke condensates |
| US20020166564A1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2002-11-14 | Sung Michael T. | Silica resin filter for smoking articles |
| CN103876284A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-06-25 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Application of oak barks, functional filter stick additives, preparation method for functional filter stick additives and application on the functional filter stick additives |
| CN103876284B (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-12-02 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | The application and a kind of functional form filter stick additive and its preparation method and application of oak bark |
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