US2899180A - High-velocity air-conditioning - Google Patents

High-velocity air-conditioning Download PDF

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Publication number
US2899180A
US2899180A US47048654A US2899180A US 2899180 A US2899180 A US 2899180A US 47048654 A US47048654 A US 47048654A US 2899180 A US2899180 A US 2899180A
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air
room
conditioning
unit
primary air
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/02—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the pressure or velocity of the primary air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/01—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station in which secondary air is induced by injector action of the primary air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/26—Arrangements for air-circulation by means of induction, e.g. by fluid coupling or thermal effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/02—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the pressure or velocity of the primary air
    • F24F3/04—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the pressure or velocity of the primary air operating with high pressure or high velocity

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to high-velocity air conditioning a plurality of rooms in a building by means of injected air from one or more central air conditioning plants, the air being supplied with high velocity to th different rooms as primary air through a pipe system and being treated individually in the different rooms in separate room units, said units preferably being arranged at the windows of the rooms and provided with means for regulating the quantity of primary air and ejector means for recirculation of the air of the room and furthermore provided with means for conditioning of the air passing the units, a part of the air of room corresponding to the quantity of primary supplied air being evacuated in a manner known per se.
  • the invention is mainly based on the fact that the prior art conditioning systems for regulating the quantity of primary air to each of the connected rooms are not entirely satisfactory.
  • each such change in the conventional air conditioning plants has influenced the quantity of primary air being supplied to the other rooms.
  • the maintenance of the quantity of air at a constant value has usually been performed by means of a damper fixed in a predetermined position.
  • each change in one room has influenced the quantity of air in the other rooms and a great number of adjustments have been necessary before the quantities of supplied primary air in all the rooms have been adjusted to correspond substantially to the intended value.
  • Another object of the invention is to eliminate any draught from the cool surfaces as for instance from winclows (down draught of cool air).
  • the disadvantage of such draught has sometimes been eliminated in prior high pressure systems for air conditioning by blowing heated air along the cool surface. This, however, involves substantially increased losses of heat to the surface and is therefore an unsatisfactory solution of the draught problem.
  • the secondary air inlet from the room is performed in such a manner that the down draught is utilized and constitutes a substantial part of the quantity of the ejected secondary air. A reduction in the running costs Will thus be gained as well as a greater comfort for the occupants of the room.
  • the invention also involves valuable features with respect to the use of the cooling capacity of the plant and to the method for drawing off the primary air for the different rooms as compared with prior known systems for air conditioning of a plurality of rooms by means of air of high pressure.
  • the invention is characterized in that the quantity of the primary air supplied to each unit is automatically maintained constantly at a predetermined value independently of pressure variations in the pipe system and in that the ejected air of the room is caused to enter the unit at the top of same through an opening extending along the rear side of the unit, which air after being mixed with the primary air is discharged to the room from the top of the unit through an opening extending along the front side of the unit, the discharged air being regulated individually with respect to quantity and condition.
  • the rooms are divided into a number of zones, each zone being connected to a separate central conditioning plant for supplying primary air having a proper condition for said zone in accordance with its orientation in the'building.
  • the primary air is suitably given a varying condition in each central plant in accordance with the required cooling effect for the rooms connected to said central plant or on the contrary if heat is required a constant base temperature, preferably somewhat lower than the temperature of the air of the rooms.
  • the condition of the primary air from each of the central plans is determined automatically with respect to the outdoor temperature by means of a thermostat.
  • the necessary cooling of the primary air may in conventional manner be effected in the central conditioning plants by means of a cooling medium circulating through a cooling element.
  • the capacity of the cooling element is regulated in correspondence with the required amount of cooling by a varying of the quantity of the cooling medium by means of a valve operated by a thermostat arranged after the cooling element, said thermostat in turn being dependent upon said out-door thermostat.
  • the supply of primary air to each room unit is performed in the manner that the primary air is drawn off around the tube for the primary air from the turbulent layer passing adjacent the tube wall.
  • the quantity of primary air for each room unit is maintained constant by causing the discharged (drawn olf) primary air to pass a volume governor arranged in each room unit.
  • the discharged quantity of air is thus drawn olf from the turbulent air layer adjacent to the inner Wall of the pipe. This results in that the main air current will expand diffuser-like practically without any losses.
  • This shaving-off is preferably accomplished by means of one or more apertures symmetrically arranged around the pipe for the primary air.
  • the exhausted air is caused to pass a heat exchanger and preheat and humidify, if required, the out-door air which is supplied to the central conditioning plant(s).
  • each room unit at its bottom is provided with a chamber, connected to the pipe for the primary air, said chamber being provided with means for automatically maintaining a constant, predetermined quantity of supplied primary air independently of pressure variations in the pipe system for the primary air.
  • the chamber is connected with the upper part of the room unit by means of a horizontal partition provided with one or more ejector nozzles, and the upper part by means of a vertical partition is divided in two spaces.
  • One of said spaces situated adjacent the rear side of the'unit' constitutes a supply channel for recirculated air from the room, said channel communicating with the room through an opening at the top side of the room unit, which opening extends along the rear edge of said top side and is provided with a grille.
  • the other space adjacent the front side of the unit is provided with a conditioning means and with a by-p'ass and a regulating valve, and at the top side along the front edge of the unit is provided with an opening for the discharge of treated air into the room.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the entire apparatus.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical section of one of the room units along the line 22 in Fig. 3 and Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinalsection of said unit along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
  • an inlet 1 for out-door air is provided with a damper 2 and connected by means of a channel-3 with a heat exchanger 36, in which the channel terminates at the opening 6.
  • a channel 4, 14 is also connected to the heat exchanger, said channel being connected to a collecting enclosure 49 for air being exhausted from the difierent rooms.
  • the last mentioned channel terminates in the heat exchanger 36 at the point 37. After the heat and moisture contents of the air exhausted from the rooms have been utilized in the heat exchanger 36 this air is carried away from the heat exchanger through the opening 8 to the channel 22 and further by means of a fan 21 to the atmosphere via the channel 19.
  • Said channel 19 is provided with an outlet 13.
  • the air exhausted from the rooms is not to be utilized for heat and moisture exchange with the supplied out-door air, said exhausted room air is conducted directly from the channel 14 to the channel 22, a damper 9' being closed and a damper 11 opened, thus opening the passage 12.
  • the inlet of the out-door air can take place through achannel 23'via' the opening 17 provided with a grille 16 and by opening the damper 18;
  • the supplied outdoor air in this case conducted through the channels 24 and 26 directly to the inlets 27 of the air conditioning plants 33.
  • Each of the separate air conditioning plants consists of a number of sections 28, 29 and 31, 32 comprising for instance filtering means, humidifying means, cooling and heat elements;
  • the air conditioning plants are furthermore equipped with a fan 34 for conveying the air being treated in the heat conditioning plant via a duct 38 to one or more distributing chambers 39, which chambers furthermore are used as sound traps.
  • a cooling compressor 41 by means of pipes (not shown) is connected with the cooling elements of the heat conditioning plants.
  • In-the drawing 42, 43 and 44,- 46 designate a pipe system for distributing air treated in the air conditioning plant, which air is intended to be supplied to different room units 47 by. means of said pipe system.
  • the above-described apparatus also includes an arrangement for exhausting of waste air from the rooms.
  • each room is provided with an exhausting grille 48.
  • the exhausting grilles of the different rooms terminate suitably in the enclosure 49 formed by for instance inserting an additional ceiling 50a in a corridor 50.
  • the enclosure 49 communicates by means of a vertical channel 15 with the previously mentioned channel 14.
  • the air being collected in the enclosure 49 and the channels 15, 14 may be supplied to a heat exchanger in order to utilize the heat contents of air for the purpose of gaining a better heat economy.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 show an exemplifying form of the room units.
  • each room unit is arranged immediately in front of and below the windows 52 of the rooms 100.
  • the top side 57 of the unit is arranged flush with the window sill 53.
  • the casing of the unit is designated 66.
  • Two openings 54 and 62, provided with grilles 54a and 62a, extend along the rear side and the front side of the unit respectively.
  • the room air 51 passing along the window surface 52 is drawn to the space 56 through the opening 54, which space 56 is located behind a vertical partition 61 in the upper part of the unit, said space being formed by a'recess in the wall 99.
  • the arrows 59 designate the flow direction of the air.
  • the air drawn in from the room i.e.
  • the so-called down draught of cool air is forced to pass through the space 58 and the opening 72 to a mixing chamber 68 in the upper front part of the unit.
  • This room air can, if desired, be complemented with air supplied through one or more openings at the sides and also at the bottom of the said unit. Said openings communicate with the chamber 68.
  • a pipe 89 through which the air treated in the previously mentioned air conditioning plant 33 is supplied as primary air to the room unit, communicates with one of the pipes 42, 43 and 44, 46 connected to the distributing chamber 39.
  • the pipe 89 consists of two concentric tubes 90a, 90b as evident from Fig. 3. This prevents the water vapour of the room air from condensing on the cool wall 90a in case the pipe 89 is to transport cool air as cooling medium to the different rooms.
  • the outer tube 90b for this purpose must be air tight against the surrounding room air.
  • the lower part of the room unit 47 surrounding the primary air pipe 89 is formed as a chamber 91, said chamber at its top being provided with a horizontal wall 84.
  • This wall 84 is provided with one or more volume governors 86, which are intended to maintain the quantity of primary air supplied to the space 83 at a constant value independent of pressure variations in the distributing pipe 89, which variations are caused by manual changes of the quantity of primary air by its discharge at other room units.
  • volume governors 86 By using more than one volume governor in one and the same room unit, the quantity of air treated in the room unit can be varied Within wide limits at the same time as a predetermined constant quantity of air may automatically be maintained. Such an individual change of air quantity may be desired to vary the supply of primary air in accordance with the different seasons of the year.
  • the space 83 is preferably equipped with a sound trap 82, 79.
  • the flow direction of the primary air is illustrated by the arrows 85, 81, 78.
  • 77 designates an ejector means provided with the openings 76 through which the primary air is introduced into the mixing chamber 68.
  • the ejector means may suitably consist of one or more rows of jets, arranged to be closed and opened respectively.
  • the mixing chamber 68 is provided with a separate conditioning means 69. Said means is separated from a by-pass 68a by means of a partition 70c.
  • 71 designates a moveable damper blade, which blade manually can be moved to shut oit the inlet 70b to the conditioning means 69. In this position the damper blade is designated 71a. The damper blade can also be moved to shut ofi the by-pass 68a entirely or partly. In the position for shutting oif the bypass entirely the damper blade is designated 71b.
  • the outlet of the conditioning means 69 is designated 70a.
  • 67 and 64 designate the flow direction of the air in the by-pass and after the conditioning means respectively.
  • the arrow 60 designates the direction of the treated air discharged into the room 100.
  • the space 92 also belongs to the room unit 47, which space at its bottom is limited by a plate 94.
  • the pipes 93 are arranged in this space 92. Said pipes supply the necessary medium for the conditioning means 69.
  • the pipes 93 are connected with the coils of the conditioning means 69 by means of the pipes 103.
  • 101 designates fins for the increasing of the effective surface of the conditioning means 69.
  • thermostat arranged after the cooling element and governed by an out-door thermostat, which thermostat influences either a motor for a damper device in the air currenti.e. two dampers for the cooling element and a by-pass (one of said dampers closing, while the other is opening)or said thermostat can influence a motor-operated valve in the pipe for the cooling medium.
  • a conditioning unit adapted to be mounted below said window comprising a casing, a partition dividing the upper part of said casing into two channels, the first of said channels disposed adjacent said window and the second of said channels disposed outwardly of said Window, a secondary air inlet in the top of said unit opening into said first channel, an air outlet in the top of said unit opening into said second channel, said secondary air inlet disposed intermediate said outlet and said window, ejector means at the lower end of said second channel for directing primary air upwardly through said second channel, supply means for supplying conditioned primary air to the ejector means, throttling means in said casing intermediate said supply means and said ejector means responsive to the pressure variation in the supplied primary air for maintaining automatically said primary air quantitatively constant, means adjacent the lower end of said second channel for mixing said secondary air from said first channel with the primary air in said second channel, means above said lower end of said second channel for regulating the condition of said mixed air in said second channel during its upward travel there
  • said throttling means includes regulating means for adjusting the quantity of conditioned primary air injected into said unit in accordance with the season of the year.
  • a conditioning unit according to claim 1 wherein said supply means for primary air includes a distributing conduit passing through said unit, said conduit having substantially symmetrically arranged openings about the periphery thereof for the discharge of the turbulent peripheral layer of the primary air in the conduit into said throttling means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)
US47048654 1953-11-23 1954-11-22 High-velocity air-conditioning Expired - Lifetime US2899180A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1147367X 1953-11-23

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US2899180A true US2899180A (en) 1959-08-11

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US47048654 Expired - Lifetime US2899180A (en) 1953-11-23 1954-11-22 High-velocity air-conditioning

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US (1) US2899180A (de)
BE (1) BE533582A (de)
CH (1) CH325774A (de)
DE (1) DE1147367B (de)
FR (1) FR1117430A (de)
GB (1) GB751946A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3091288A (en) * 1960-02-16 1963-05-28 Hipress Air Conditioning Of Am High pressure air conditioning system
US3169382A (en) * 1963-05-02 1965-02-16 Systems Engineering Corp Air conditioning system for multiple unit dwellings
US3172463A (en) * 1959-06-30 1965-03-09 Carrier Corp Air conditioning units
US3179162A (en) * 1962-11-28 1965-04-20 Alden I Mcfarlan Air-conditioning system and method
US3382916A (en) * 1963-11-05 1968-05-14 Rox Lufttechnische Geraetebau Air-conditioning apparatus
US3463223A (en) * 1967-08-21 1969-08-26 Lawrence W Marino Terminal room air conditioner and system
US20200217521A1 (en) * 2017-10-02 2020-07-09 Kenneth R. Lundstrom Ultra Low Profile Side Saddle Portable Air Conditioner
US11421897B2 (en) * 2019-03-29 2022-08-23 Air Distribution Technologies Ip, Llc Air diffuser for localized climate control

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1920812U (de) * 1964-10-14 1965-08-05 Bahco Lilla Essingen Ab Mit luftumwaelzung arbeitendes klimageraet.
DE2242582C3 (de) * 1972-08-30 1979-02-15 Werner 7300 Esslingen Paul LuftauslaB-Vorrichtung für Raumklimatisierungs- und Belüftungsanlagen
CH570588A5 (de) * 1973-06-19 1975-12-15 Luwa Ag
DE20210345U1 (de) * 2002-07-03 2002-12-19 Damasko, Petra, 93055 Regensburg Krone für Uhren, insbesondere für Armband- oder Taschenuhren, Kronenanordnung mit einer solchen Krone sowie Werkzeug zum Befestigen eines Einschraubtubus für eine Kronenanordnung an einem Uhrengehäuse

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1949735A (en) * 1931-03-31 1934-03-06 Niagara Blower Co Apparatus for ventilating and conditioning buildings
US1990895A (en) * 1929-07-13 1935-02-12 Peerless Unit Ventilation Co I Thermal control unit for heating and ventilating apparatus
US2072166A (en) * 1937-03-02 Ahg conbitioning system
US2159276A (en) * 1937-06-16 1939-05-23 B F Sturtevant Co Air conditioning system
US2290985A (en) * 1940-02-21 1942-07-28 John J Nesbitt Inc Air conditioning unit
US2363945A (en) * 1939-08-12 1944-11-28 Carrier Corp Air conditioning system
US2705595A (en) * 1953-06-24 1955-04-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Air distributing units
US2729429A (en) * 1954-02-24 1956-01-03 Robertson Co H H Air conditioning and distributing system and apparatus
US2787946A (en) * 1950-09-15 1957-04-09 Russell R Gannon Method and apparatus for conditioning the air within a closed space

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE419512C (de) * 1922-12-23 1925-10-05 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Verfahren zum Beheizen von Trockeneinrichtungen, deren Innenraum mit Umlaufraeumen in ihren Waenden verbunden ist
FR814630A (fr) * 1936-03-06 1937-06-26 American Radiator Co Perfectionnements apportés aux dispositifs pour amener de l'air frais à des radiateurs thermiques
US2363294A (en) * 1939-08-12 1944-11-21 Carrier Corp Air conditioning system
US2567758A (en) * 1945-12-01 1951-09-11 Carrier Corp Air-conditioning method
BE504163A (de) * 1950-06-22
DE851407C (de) * 1951-06-17 1952-10-06 Iain Maxwell Stewart Lueftungsanlage

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2072166A (en) * 1937-03-02 Ahg conbitioning system
US1990895A (en) * 1929-07-13 1935-02-12 Peerless Unit Ventilation Co I Thermal control unit for heating and ventilating apparatus
US1949735A (en) * 1931-03-31 1934-03-06 Niagara Blower Co Apparatus for ventilating and conditioning buildings
US2159276A (en) * 1937-06-16 1939-05-23 B F Sturtevant Co Air conditioning system
US2363945A (en) * 1939-08-12 1944-11-28 Carrier Corp Air conditioning system
US2290985A (en) * 1940-02-21 1942-07-28 John J Nesbitt Inc Air conditioning unit
US2787946A (en) * 1950-09-15 1957-04-09 Russell R Gannon Method and apparatus for conditioning the air within a closed space
US2705595A (en) * 1953-06-24 1955-04-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Air distributing units
US2729429A (en) * 1954-02-24 1956-01-03 Robertson Co H H Air conditioning and distributing system and apparatus

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172463A (en) * 1959-06-30 1965-03-09 Carrier Corp Air conditioning units
US3091288A (en) * 1960-02-16 1963-05-28 Hipress Air Conditioning Of Am High pressure air conditioning system
US3179162A (en) * 1962-11-28 1965-04-20 Alden I Mcfarlan Air-conditioning system and method
US3169382A (en) * 1963-05-02 1965-02-16 Systems Engineering Corp Air conditioning system for multiple unit dwellings
US3382916A (en) * 1963-11-05 1968-05-14 Rox Lufttechnische Geraetebau Air-conditioning apparatus
US3463223A (en) * 1967-08-21 1969-08-26 Lawrence W Marino Terminal room air conditioner and system
US20200217521A1 (en) * 2017-10-02 2020-07-09 Kenneth R. Lundstrom Ultra Low Profile Side Saddle Portable Air Conditioner
US11421897B2 (en) * 2019-03-29 2022-08-23 Air Distribution Technologies Ip, Llc Air diffuser for localized climate control
US11761642B2 (en) 2019-03-29 2023-09-19 Air Distribution Technologies Ip, Llc Air diffuser for localized climate control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE533582A (de)
DE1147367B (de) 1963-04-18
GB751946A (en) 1956-07-04
CH325774A (de) 1957-11-30
FR1117430A (fr) 1956-05-23

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