US2857289A - Method of grinding and aluminum-nickel alloy - Google Patents

Method of grinding and aluminum-nickel alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US2857289A
US2857289A US537541A US53754155A US2857289A US 2857289 A US2857289 A US 2857289A US 537541 A US537541 A US 537541A US 53754155 A US53754155 A US 53754155A US 2857289 A US2857289 A US 2857289A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grinding
suspension
alloy
aluminum
nickel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US537541A
Inventor
Leonard W Kates
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GTE Sylvania Inc
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Sylvania Electric Products Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sylvania Electric Products Inc filed Critical Sylvania Electric Products Inc
Priority to US537541A priority Critical patent/US2857289A/en
Priority to FR1153360D priority patent/FR1153360A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2857289A publication Critical patent/US2857289A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
    • H01J9/042—Manufacture, activation of the emissive part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/04—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container
    • B02C17/08—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container with containers performing a planetary movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/14—Mills in which the charge to be ground is turned over by movements of the container other than by rotating, e.g. by swinging, vibrating, tilting

Definitions

  • My invention is directed toward methods for produccarbonates of barium, strontium and calcium.
  • a heater element is inserted within the sleeve. -When the heater is electrically energized and the cathode is heated to a suitable temperature, electrons are emitted from the layer.
  • the electron emissive properties of cathode structures can likewise be improved by incorporating the active alloy in the electron emissive coating rather than in the sleeve itself.
  • the heater element is formed from tungsten, for if metal activators are incorporated into the sleeve itself, the cathode structure is adversely aifected.
  • the heater-cathode leakage is appreciably increased.
  • an active alloy in the an active alloy powder is mixed into a suspension of alkaline earth metal carbonates by grinding the powder and the suspension together in a ball mill.
  • Another object is to provide a new and improved process for grinding active alloy powders and suspensions of alkaline earth metal carbonates together in a ball mill in such manner as to prevent silicon contamination of the suspension.
  • Still another object is to provide a new and improved process for ball milling an active alloy powder into a suspension of alkaline earth metal carbonates without adding impurities to the suspension.
  • a ball mill is lined with the base metal component of an active metal alloy.
  • the grinding media for example balls or pebbles
  • a suspension for example, an aqueous suspension, of alkaline earth metal carbonates is then ground in the ball mill.
  • some of the active alloy is worn away from the grinding media and is incorporated into the suspension. Since there is substantially no silica or other similar impurity present in the lining, grinding media or the suspension itself, the resultant active alloy bearing suspension is necessarily free from such impurities.
  • the ball mill is lined with nickel and the grinding media is formed from balls composed of an aluminum-nickel alloy, the aluminum being present in an amount of approximately 1% by weight.
  • the ball mill can be lined with the aluminum nickel alloy and the balls can be formed from nickel.
  • the grinding balls are worn away much more rapidly than the lining, and since it is far easier to add additional balls periodically rather than to reline the ball mill itself, it is preferable to have the balls composed of the active alloy and the lining composed of the base metal component (nickel) of this alloy.
  • an electron emissive coating containing controlled amounts of the nickel aluminum alloy and substantially free from silica and other similar impurities can be obtained through the use of an active alloy bearing alkaline earth carbonate suspension formed by grinding conventional aqueous suspension of double or triple carbonates in a nickel lined ball mill for a period of several hours, the grinding elements being composed of the above described aluminum-nickel alloy and having an average diameter of one half inch.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Description

- electron emissive coatings,
United States Patent METHOD OF GRINDING AN ALUMINUlW-NICKEL ALLOY Leonard W. Kates, Hempstead, N. Y., assignor to Sylvania Electric Products Inc, a corporation of Massachusetts No Drawing. Application September 29, 1955 Serial No. 537,541
2 Claims. (Cl. 106-490) My invention is directed toward methods for produccarbonates of barium, strontium and calcium. A heater element is inserted within the sleeve. -When the heater is electrically energized and the cathode is heated to a suitable temperature, electrons are emitted from the layer.
It is known that when a small amount of one or more metal activators is alloyed with the base metal in the sleeve, to form What is known to the art as an active alloy, the resultant cathode is a better electron emitter. See for example my copending application, Serial No. 284,931, filed April 29, 1952, when aluminum is used as an activator. Other metals such as chromiumand mag nesium are also used as activators.
The electron emissive properties of cathode structures can likewise be improved by incorporating the active alloy in the electron emissive coating rather than in the sleeve itself.
This process is particularly advantageous when, for example, the heater element is formed from tungsten, for if metal activators are incorporated into the sleeve itself, the cathode structure is adversely aifected. In particular, the heater-cathode leakage is appreciably increased.
In one process for incorporating an active alloy in the an active alloy powder is mixed into a suspension of alkaline earth metal carbonates by grinding the powder and the suspension together in a ball mill.
Conventional ball mills are lined, for example, with porcelain or silex. The grinding media consists of flint or porcelain pebbles or balls. Consequently, both the grinding media and the mill lining contain silica; and when the active alloy powder and the carbonate suspension are ground together in this type of ball mill, some of the silica is worn away from the lining and pebbles and is incorporated as an impurity into the suspension. When such a silicon containing suspension is applied to the cathode sleeve and subsequently heated to form the final electron emissive coating, the silica forms slags and interfacial compounds which result in impaired emission.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to improve the process in which active alloy powders and suspensions of alkaline earth metal carbonates are ground together in a ball mill in such manner that no impurities are incorporated into the suspension.
Another object is to provide a new and improved process for grinding active alloy powders and suspensions of alkaline earth metal carbonates together in a ball mill in such manner as to prevent silicon contamination of the suspension.
Still another object is to provide a new and improved process for ball milling an active alloy powder into a suspension of alkaline earth metal carbonates without adding impurities to the suspension.
These and other objects will either be explained or will become apparent hereinafter.
In my invention, a ball mill is lined with the base metal component of an active metal alloy. The grinding media (for example balls or pebbles) is formed from the alloy itself. A suspension, for example, an aqueous suspension, of alkaline earth metal carbonates is then ground in the ball mill. In the grinding process, some of the active alloy is worn away from the grinding media and is incorporated into the suspension. Since there is substantially no silica or other similar impurity present in the lining, grinding media or the suspension itself, the resultant active alloy bearing suspension is necessarily free from such impurities.
in one specific embodiment of my invention, the ball mill is lined with nickel and the grinding media is formed from balls composed of an aluminum-nickel alloy, the aluminum being present in an amount of approximately 1% by weight.
Alternatively, the ball mill can be lined with the aluminum nickel alloy and the balls can be formed from nickel.
However, since the grinding balls are worn away much more rapidly than the lining, and since it is far easier to add additional balls periodically rather than to reline the ball mill itself, it is preferable to have the balls composed of the active alloy and the lining composed of the base metal component (nickel) of this alloy.
Obviously, such parameters as the size and composition of the balls, the types of carbonate suspensions and the length of the grinding operation can be varied as necessary in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
I have found, however, that an electron emissive coating containing controlled amounts of the nickel aluminum alloy and substantially free from silica and other similar impurities can be obtained through the use of an active alloy bearing alkaline earth carbonate suspension formed by grinding conventional aqueous suspension of double or triple carbonates in a nickel lined ball mill for a period of several hours, the grinding elements being composed of the above described aluminum-nickel alloy and having an average diameter of one half inch.
While I have shown and pointed out my invention as applied above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications can be made Within the scope and sphere of my invention as defined in the claims which follow.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Taylor Jan. 24, 1933 Comstock Apr. 23, 1935 Bouchard Dec. 26, 1950

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD FOR ADDING AN ALUMINUM NICKEL ALLOY TO AN AQUEOUS SUSEPENSION CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE ALKALINE EARTH METAL CARBONATE, SAID METHOD COMPRISING THE STEP OF CONTACTING SAID SUSPENSION WITH GRINDING MEDIA IN A BALL MILL, THE INNER SURFACE OF SAID MILL BEING LINED WITH NICKEL, SAID GRINDING MEDIA BEING COMPOSED OF SAID ALLOY.
US537541A 1955-05-27 1955-09-29 Method of grinding and aluminum-nickel alloy Expired - Lifetime US2857289A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US537541A US2857289A (en) 1955-05-27 1955-09-29 Method of grinding and aluminum-nickel alloy
FR1153360D FR1153360A (en) 1955-05-27 1956-05-26 Ball mill

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1153360XA 1955-05-27 1955-05-27
US537541A US2857289A (en) 1955-05-27 1955-09-29 Method of grinding and aluminum-nickel alloy

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FR (1) FR1153360A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3197323A (en) * 1961-02-20 1965-07-27 Intrusion Prepakt Inc Admixture for cementitious grouts and method of making same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1151718B (en) * 1960-03-25 1963-07-18 Netzsch Maschinenfabrik Centrifugal ball mill

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1895354A (en) * 1929-10-23 1933-01-24 Gen Electric Resintered hard metal composition
US1998609A (en) * 1932-11-26 1935-04-23 Firth Sterling Steel Co Process of making hard cemented carbide materials
US2535999A (en) * 1945-05-12 1950-12-26 Sylvania Electric Prod Method for producing cathode coating compositions

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1895354A (en) * 1929-10-23 1933-01-24 Gen Electric Resintered hard metal composition
US1998609A (en) * 1932-11-26 1935-04-23 Firth Sterling Steel Co Process of making hard cemented carbide materials
US2535999A (en) * 1945-05-12 1950-12-26 Sylvania Electric Prod Method for producing cathode coating compositions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3197323A (en) * 1961-02-20 1965-07-27 Intrusion Prepakt Inc Admixture for cementitious grouts and method of making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1153360A (en) 1958-03-05

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