US2781277A - Method of manufacturing electrical resistors - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing electrical resistors Download PDF

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US2781277A
US2781277A US403493A US40349354A US2781277A US 2781277 A US2781277 A US 2781277A US 403493 A US403493 A US 403493A US 40349354 A US40349354 A US 40349354A US 2781277 A US2781277 A US 2781277A
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tape
mixture
contacts
silver
curing
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US403493A
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Walter J Dwyer
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Lockheed Corp
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Sanders Associates Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors

Definitions

  • This invention relates. to components. for electrical devices and the manufacture and assembly thereof. More particularly, this invention relates to tape resistors such as are used in'printed'andetchedcircuit assemblies.-
  • electric resistance components of the type usedin radio, radar, and likesystems have wire connection elements-which are mechanically and electrically connected with other desired parts by oldered connections and/or mechanical pressure connections.
  • the present system employs an improved resistance component embodying an electrical and mechanical connection which may be made in a single operation and is a further development of the principles outlined in copending application Serial No. 397,232.
  • An object of the present invention i to provide an improved resistor of the type described that will permit more reliable connections.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved electrical resistor which has associated therewith an adhesive agent permitting its assembly with the utmost facility.
  • a method of manufacturing resistor elements which comprises moving a tape of asbestos material along a path at a predetermined speed.
  • the tape is sprayed with a mixture of finely ground carbon and liquid silicone in a series of layers.
  • the resultant material is heated to a temperature sufficient to air-dry it and to drive off the solvent.
  • the resultant material is then cured by further heating.
  • a mixture of silicone resin and silver is applied to a part of the silver of the tape to provide a binding material.
  • the binding material is cured at a temperature of approximately 300 C.
  • a mixture of epoxy resin and silver is employed on the tape to provide contacts of adhesive material. The contacts are cured by applying heat at a temperature of approximately 180 C. and. the tape is cut into desired resistor elements.
  • Fig. l is a plan view of a portion of an asbestos-like tape having resistive material afiixed thereto;
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view of the tape having contacts affixed thereto;
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of typical resistor strips obtained by cutting the tape of Fig. 2 longitudinally;
  • Fig. 4 provides similar views of individual resistors obtained by cutting the longitudinal strips of Fig. 3 transversely;
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary endview of a resistor of the present invention.
  • FIG. l An asbestos-tape, asshown in Fig. l, is employed as a base for ailixing electrically resistive material indicated. by the cross-hatching at l.
  • Electrically conductive contacts 2 formed from an adhesive material, such as, a suitable. mixture of powdered silver and epoxy resin (commercially available as Hysol 2530), are applied to the tape as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the tape may be then cut longitudinallyinto contiuuousstrips 3 of resistors connectedv inseries. Transverse cuts of the strips provide multiple element resistors 4.or single. element resistors 5 is shown inFig. 5.
  • ad-. hesive contact 2 is afiixed, to an electrically conductive binding means 7, typically formed of a mixture of silver and silicone material;
  • the adhesive. contacts 2v are designed tobe thermosetting. Because ofthepresence of the silicone binder in-resistive materiall, a'high degree; of heatis required; for curing After the resistive material 1 is cured, however, the contacts 2 composed of silver and Hysol 2530 do not adhere well. An intermediate binder is necessary that can be cured at the same temperature as the resistive material 1 and provide a good bond to the adhesive contacts 2. Adhesive contacts 2 composed of silver and Hysol 2530 can not be heated to the same temperature as the resistive material 1 without destroying the thermosetting properties.
  • intermediate binder 7 be applied and affixed to the resistive material 1 and the adhesive contacts 2 be applied and aflixed to the intermediate binder 7 subsequently.
  • an asbestos tape Fig. l
  • Electrically resistive materials such as carbon derivatives are ground into a very fine powder which is mixed with a binding agent such a silicone and, while in a liquid suspension, sprayed onto the moving tape.
  • the suspension may be sprayed onto the tape in a series of layers.
  • Solvents are driven olt by an air-drying process which may be accelerated by the use of a suitable heat source. After the tape is dried, it is cured by further heating in a conveyor oven.
  • the binding material 7 may be applied first and then cured at relatively high temperature such as 300 C.
  • the contacts 2 may then be imprinted and cured at a lower temperature such as 180 C.
  • the tape is cut into continuous longitudinal strips 3 and the strips are then cut transversely into resistors.
  • the configuration may be varied as is illustrated by multiple element resistors 4 and single element resistors 5.
  • adhesive agents are thermoplastic or thermosetting and require the application of heat to effect adhesion. This may be readily accomplished by use of a heating device or iron which is adapted to apply heat to the con tact areas only.
  • a timing device may be employed to control the amount of heat and amount of pressure applied.
  • the method of manufacturing resistor elements which comprises moving a tape of asbestos material along a path at a predetermined speed; spraying a mixture of finelyground carbon and liquid silicone onto said tape in a series of layers; heating the resultant material to a temperature suflicient to air-dry it and drive off the solvent; curing the resultant material by further heating; applying a mixture of silicone resin and silver to provide a binding material to a part of said surface; curing said binding material at a temperature of approximately 300 C.; imprinting contacts of a mixture of epoxy resin and silver to provide an adhesive material on said binding material; curing said contacts by applying 'heat thereto at a temperature of approximately 180 C.; and cutting the tape into the desired elements.
  • the method of manufacturing resistor elements which comprises moving a tape of asbestos material along a path at a predetermined speed; spraying a mixture of finely ground carbon and liquid silicone onto said tape in a series of layers; heating the resultant material to a temperature sufficient to air-dry it and drive off the solvent; curing the resultant material by further heating; applying a mixture of silicone resin and silver to provide a binding material to a part of said surface; curing said binding material at a relatively high temperature greater than 280 C.; imprinting contacts of a mixture of epoxy resin and silver to provide an adhesive material on said binding material; curing said contacts by applying heat thereto at a temperature of at least 50 C. less than first said temperature; and cutting the tape into the desired elements.

Description

Feb. 12, 1957 Filed Jan. 12, 1954 FIG.2
3 F: 4 Yfr. A J A VYY A A A YYV A YYIVI A A A YFF AA vrv A l fvff mum All FIG.5
Walter J. Dwyer IN V EN TOR.
ATTORNEY METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRICAL RESISTORS Walter J. Dwyer, Nashua,.N. H., assignor to Sanders Associates, Incorporated, Nashua, N. H.
Application January 12, 1954', Serial No. 403,493 2 Claims. (Cl. 117-'-.-4).
This invention relates. to components. for electrical devices and the manufacture and assembly thereof. More particularly, this invention relates to tape resistors such as are used in'printed'andetchedcircuit assemblies.-
In conventional practice, electric resistance components of the type usedin radio, radar, and likesystems have wire connection elements-which are mechanically and electrically connected with other desired parts by oldered connections and/or mechanical pressure connections.
Briefly, the present system employs an improved resistance component embodying an electrical and mechanical connection which may be made in a single operation and is a further development of the principles outlined in copending application Serial No. 397,232.
In the prior art the adhesive quality of tape resistors is unstable under varying temperature conditions.
An object of the present invention i to provide an improved resistor of the type described that will permit more reliable connections.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved electrical resistor which has associated therewith an adhesive agent permitting its assembly with the utmost facility.
Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description of a typical embodiment thereof, taken in connection with the accompanying drawmgs.
In accordance with this invention there is provided a method of manufacturing resistor elements which comprises moving a tape of asbestos material along a path at a predetermined speed. The tape is sprayed with a mixture of finely ground carbon and liquid silicone in a series of layers. The resultant material is heated to a temperature sufficient to air-dry it and to drive off the solvent. The resultant material is then cured by further heating. A mixture of silicone resin and silver is applied to a part of the silver of the tape to provide a binding material. The binding material is cured at a temperature of approximately 300 C. A mixture of epoxy resin and silver is employed on the tape to provide contacts of adhesive material. The contacts are cured by applying heat at a temperature of approximately 180 C. and. the tape is cut into desired resistor elements.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. l is a plan view of a portion of an asbestos-like tape having resistive material afiixed thereto;
Fig. 2 is a similar view of the tape having contacts affixed thereto;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of typical resistor strips obtained by cutting the tape of Fig. 2 longitudinally;
Fig. 4 provides similar views of individual resistors obtained by cutting the longitudinal strips of Fig. 3 transversely; and
nited States Patent .2 ,78 1,2 77 Patented, Feb. 12; 19.57
Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary endview of a resistor of the present invention.
Referring now in more detail "to-the.- drawings the development of an improved'resistor embodying this invention is here illustrated; An asbestos-tape, asshown in Fig. l, is employed asa base for ailixing electrically resistive material indicated. by the cross-hatching at l. Electrically conductive contacts 2 formed from an adhesive material, such as, a suitable. mixture of powdered silver and epoxy resin (commercially available as Hysol 2530), are applied to the tape as shown in Fig. 2. The tape may be then cut longitudinallyinto contiuuousstrips 3 of resistors connectedv inseries. Transverse cuts of the strips provide multiple element resistors 4.or single. element resistors 5 is shown inFig. 5. Theresistive-materiall, typically composed of carbon compound using asiliconebinder, is aflixed to the asbestossupporting material 6. The ad-. hesive contact 2 is afiixed, to an electrically conductive binding means 7, typically formed of a mixture of silver and silicone material;
In the preferred embodiment, the adhesive. contacts 2v are designed tobe thermosetting. Because ofthepresence of the silicone binder in-resistive materiall, a'high degree; of heatis required; for curing After the resistive material 1 is cured, however, the contacts 2 composed of silver and Hysol 2530 do not adhere well. An intermediate binder is necessary that can be cured at the same temperature as the resistive material 1 and provide a good bond to the adhesive contacts 2. Adhesive contacts 2 composed of silver and Hysol 2530 can not be heated to the same temperature as the resistive material 1 without destroying the thermosetting properties. It is, therefore, necessary that the intermediate binder 7 be applied and affixed to the resistive material 1 and the adhesive contacts 2 be applied and aflixed to the intermediate binder 7 subsequently. In the preferred embodiment, an intermediate binding means 7, formed of silver and silicone material, successfully performs this function.
In the manufacture and assembly of an improved resistor embodying the present invention, an asbestos tape, Fig. l, is kept in continuous motion by means of a conveyor system. Electrically resistive materials such as carbon derivatives are ground into a very fine powder which is mixed with a binding agent such a silicone and, while in a liquid suspension, sprayed onto the moving tape. In order to obtain accurate control of the amount of the resistive powder, the suspension may be sprayed onto the tape in a series of layers. Solvents are driven olt by an air-drying process which may be accelerated by the use of a suitable heat source. After the tape is dried, it is cured by further heating in a conveyor oven.
Various mechanisms currently available are suitable for applying the binder material 7 and contact material 2 to the resistive material 1. This may be accomplished with facility by meansof the well known rotary printing process. The binding material 7 may be applied first and then cured at relatively high temperature such as 300 C. The contacts 2 may then be imprinted and cured at a lower temperature such as 180 C. The tape is cut into continuous longitudinal strips 3 and the strips are then cut transversely into resistors. The configuration may be varied as is illustrated by multiple element resistors 4 and single element resistors 5.
Many adhesive agents are thermoplastic or thermosetting and require the application of heat to effect adhesion. This may be readily accomplished by use of a heating device or iron which is adapted to apply heat to the con tact areas only. A timing device may be employed to control the amount of heat and amount of pressure applied.
5. An enlarged-end view of theresistor.
By utilizing groups of these component assemblies with printed circuits interconnecting them, complete circuit assemblies of great variety may be readily supplied. The precision, speed, and economy of manufacture and many other advantages provided by this system are obvious.
While there has been hereinbefore described what is at present considered a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be apparent that many and various changes and modifications may be made with respect to the embodiment illustrated without departing from the spirit of the invention. It will be understood, therefore, that all and any such changes and modifications as fall fairly within the scope of the present invention, as defined in the appended claims are to be considered as a part of the present invention.
What is claimed is:
l. The method of manufacturing resistor elements which comprises moving a tape of asbestos material along a path at a predetermined speed; spraying a mixture of finelyground carbon and liquid silicone onto said tape in a series of layers; heating the resultant material to a temperature suflicient to air-dry it and drive off the solvent; curing the resultant material by further heating; applying a mixture of silicone resin and silver to provide a binding material to a part of said surface; curing said binding material at a temperature of approximately 300 C.; imprinting contacts of a mixture of epoxy resin and silver to provide an adhesive material on said binding material; curing said contacts by applying 'heat thereto at a temperature of approximately 180 C.; and cutting the tape into the desired elements.
2. The method of manufacturing resistor elements which comprises moving a tape of asbestos material along a path at a predetermined speed; spraying a mixture of finely ground carbon and liquid silicone onto said tape in a series of layers; heating the resultant material to a temperature sufficient to air-dry it and drive off the solvent; curing the resultant material by further heating; applying a mixture of silicone resin and silver to provide a binding material to a part of said surface; curing said binding material at a relatively high temperature greater than 280 C.; imprinting contacts of a mixture of epoxy resin and silver to provide an adhesive material on said binding material; curing said contacts by applying heat thereto at a temperature of at least 50 C. less than first said temperature; and cutting the tape into the desired elements.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,881,446 Flanzer Oct. 11, 1932 2,546,474 Peyret 'al a1. Mar. 27, 1951 2,559,077 Johnson et al. July 3, 1951 2,563,288 Steinman Aug. 7, 1951 2,662,957 Eisler Dec. 15, 1953 2,683,673 Silversher July 13, 1954

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING RESISTOR ELEMENTS WHICH COMPRISES MOVING A TAPE OF ASBESTOS MATERIAL ALONG A PATH AT A PREDETERMINED SPEED; SPRAYING A MIXTURE OF FINELY GROUND CARBON AND LIQUID SILICONE ONTO SAID TAPE IN A SERIES OF LAYERS; HEATING THE RESULTANT MATERIAL TO A TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO AIR-DRY IT AND DRIVE OFF THE SOLVENT; CURING THE RESULTANT MATERIAL BY FURTHER HEATING, APPLYING A MIXTURE OF SILICONE RESIN AND SILVER TO PROVIDE A BINDING MATERIAL TO A PART OF SAID SURFACE; CURING SAID BINDING MATERIAL AT A TEMPERTURE OF APPROXIMATELY 300* C.; IMPRINTING CONTACTS OF A MIXTURE OF EPOXY RESIN AND SILVER TO PROVIDE AN ADHESIVE MATERIAL ON SAID BINDING MATERIAL; CURING SAID CONTACTS BY APPLYING HEAT THERETO AT A TEMPERATURE OF APPROXIMATELY 180* C.; AND CUTTING THE TAPE INTO THE DESIRED ELEMENTS.
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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2982934A (en) * 1956-08-27 1961-05-02 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Electrically conducting glass unit
US3010092A (en) * 1958-08-05 1961-11-21 Bourns Inc Variable resistor
DE1118864B (en) * 1958-12-08 1961-12-07 Int Resistance Co Electrical resistance with pyrolytically deposited resistance layer and process for its production
US3074817A (en) * 1957-04-26 1963-01-22 Int Resistance Co Pyrolytically decomposed resistor consisting of the elements carbon, oxygen and silicon
US3385959A (en) * 1964-05-29 1968-05-28 Ici Ltd Flexible heating elements
US3387248A (en) * 1964-05-04 1968-06-04 Midland Silicones Ltd Flexible electrical heating devices
US3629007A (en) * 1969-08-06 1971-12-21 Us Army Reserve battery electrodes using bonded active materials
US3751301A (en) * 1969-08-06 1973-08-07 Us Army Reserve battery electrodes using bonded active materials
DE2364520A1 (en) * 1972-12-28 1974-07-18 Alps Electric Co Ltd METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN ELECTRICAL PRINTED CIRCUIT
US3903328A (en) * 1974-04-26 1975-09-02 Ibm Conductive coating
US4065339A (en) * 1972-01-18 1977-12-27 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing fibre reinforced plastic tubes with flanges
US4480376A (en) * 1981-04-15 1984-11-06 Crafon Medical Ab Thermistors, their method of production
DE3928036A1 (en) * 1988-08-29 1990-03-01 Murata Manufacturing Co ADJUSTABLE RESISTANCE
DE4337809A1 (en) * 1993-11-05 1995-05-11 Abb Research Ltd Electric resistor and method for its fabrication

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1881446A (en) * 1929-12-05 1932-10-11 Technidyne Corp Resistor
US2546474A (en) * 1948-08-16 1951-03-27 Usines Chimiques Rhone Poulene Process of manufacturing asbestoscontaining material
US2559077A (en) * 1946-07-01 1951-07-03 Carl G Westerberg Resistance element and method of preparing same
US2563288A (en) * 1945-11-13 1951-08-07 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Fibrous glass product and method of making the same
US2662957A (en) * 1949-10-29 1953-12-15 Eisler Paul Electrical resistor or semiconductor
US2683673A (en) * 1952-03-10 1954-07-13 Electrofilm Corp Film-type heating element

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1881446A (en) * 1929-12-05 1932-10-11 Technidyne Corp Resistor
US2563288A (en) * 1945-11-13 1951-08-07 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Fibrous glass product and method of making the same
US2559077A (en) * 1946-07-01 1951-07-03 Carl G Westerberg Resistance element and method of preparing same
US2546474A (en) * 1948-08-16 1951-03-27 Usines Chimiques Rhone Poulene Process of manufacturing asbestoscontaining material
US2662957A (en) * 1949-10-29 1953-12-15 Eisler Paul Electrical resistor or semiconductor
US2683673A (en) * 1952-03-10 1954-07-13 Electrofilm Corp Film-type heating element

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2982934A (en) * 1956-08-27 1961-05-02 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Electrically conducting glass unit
US3074817A (en) * 1957-04-26 1963-01-22 Int Resistance Co Pyrolytically decomposed resistor consisting of the elements carbon, oxygen and silicon
US3010092A (en) * 1958-08-05 1961-11-21 Bourns Inc Variable resistor
DE1118864B (en) * 1958-12-08 1961-12-07 Int Resistance Co Electrical resistance with pyrolytically deposited resistance layer and process for its production
US3387248A (en) * 1964-05-04 1968-06-04 Midland Silicones Ltd Flexible electrical heating devices
US3385959A (en) * 1964-05-29 1968-05-28 Ici Ltd Flexible heating elements
US3629007A (en) * 1969-08-06 1971-12-21 Us Army Reserve battery electrodes using bonded active materials
US3751301A (en) * 1969-08-06 1973-08-07 Us Army Reserve battery electrodes using bonded active materials
US4065339A (en) * 1972-01-18 1977-12-27 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing fibre reinforced plastic tubes with flanges
DE2364520A1 (en) * 1972-12-28 1974-07-18 Alps Electric Co Ltd METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN ELECTRICAL PRINTED CIRCUIT
US3903328A (en) * 1974-04-26 1975-09-02 Ibm Conductive coating
US4480376A (en) * 1981-04-15 1984-11-06 Crafon Medical Ab Thermistors, their method of production
DE3928036A1 (en) * 1988-08-29 1990-03-01 Murata Manufacturing Co ADJUSTABLE RESISTANCE
DE4337809A1 (en) * 1993-11-05 1995-05-11 Abb Research Ltd Electric resistor and method for its fabrication

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