US2750333A - Electrodeposition of antimony and antimony alloys - Google Patents
Electrodeposition of antimony and antimony alloys Download PDFInfo
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- US2750333A US2750333A US291563A US29156352A US2750333A US 2750333 A US2750333 A US 2750333A US 291563 A US291563 A US 291563A US 29156352 A US29156352 A US 29156352A US 2750333 A US2750333 A US 2750333A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- antimony
- lead
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- alloys
- bath
- Prior art date
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 26
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical group [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 24
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229940026189 antimony potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- WBTCZEPSIIFINA-MSFWTACDSA-J dipotassium;antimony(3+);(2r,3r)-2,3-dioxidobutanedioate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[K+].[K+].[Sb+3].[Sb+3].[O-]C(=O)[C@H]([O-])[C@@H]([O-])C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)[C@H]([O-])[C@@H]([O-])C([O-])=O WBTCZEPSIIFINA-MSFWTACDSA-J 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 ALKALI METAL SALT Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QQHJESKHUUVSIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony lead Chemical compound [Sb].[Pb] QQHJESKHUUVSIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 6
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- YXVFQADLFFNVDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC([O-])=O YXVFQADLFFNVDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGHMFMDJVUVBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony copper Chemical compound [Cu].[Sb] KGHMFMDJVUVBRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Sb] GVFOJDIFWSDNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002895 emetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium antimonide Chemical compound [Sb]#[In] WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWGNOEDOFJKLST-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cd].[Sb] Chemical compound [Cd].[Sb] WWGNOEDOFJKLST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001462 antimony Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PRPNWWVBZXJBKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Sb] PRPNWWVBZXJBKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZJCMXPZSYNVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sb] CZJCMXPZSYNVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002143 antimony-cadmium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940065285 cadmium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001662 cadmium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium sulfate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000331 cadmium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical class [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/34—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of lead
- C25D3/36—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of lead characterised by the organic bath constituents used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/54—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of metals not provided for in groups C25D3/04 - C25D3/50
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
Definitions
- the preferred addition agent in accordance with the present invention is the tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.
- the mono, di, and tri sodium salts of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid may be used in place of the tetra sodium salt.
- the potassium salts also may be employed in place of the sodium salts.
- addition agents in accordance with the present invention may be employed in any known type of bath or electrolyte for electrodepositing antimony or alloys of antimony, most satisfactory results have been obtained from aqueous solutions containing the addition agent together with ammonium citrate (dibasic) and antimony potassium tartrate (tartar emetic).
- ammonium citrate dibasic
- antimony potassium tartrate tartar emetic
- To this antimony plating bath is added such other soluble metal salt or compound as may be desired to obtain the desired antimony alloy electrodeposit.
- I have successfully electrodeposited alloys of antimony-lead, antimony-copper, antimony-iron, antimony-cadmium, antimony-indium, antimony-tin and antimony-zinc.
- the antimony or antimony alloy plates may be deposited to any desired thicknesses.
- the antimony and antimony alloy plates are especially advantageous as decorative and corrosion-resistant plates.
- plate thicknesses up to .002" or more may be employed.
- a thickness of .0015" is typical.
- the antimony or antimony alloy electrodeposit may have an electrodeposit of chromium applied thereon.
- ammonium citrate dibasic
- antimony potassium tartrate tartar emetic
- tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine acetic acid 10 to 25 grams of lead oxide (PbO)
- PbO lead oxide
- An equal amount of lead acetate may be employed in place of the lead oxide.
- Citric acid and ammonium hydroxide in proper proportions may be used in lieu of dibasic ammonium citrate.
- the bath may contain from 40 to 80 grams of antimony potassium tartrate and 20 grams of lead oxide or lead acetate per liter of water.
- antimony potassium tartrate are used in electrodeposit ing antimony-lead alloys in which the lead is the predominant constituent.
- Such high lead content antimony alloys are very ductile and harder and Whiter than lead. They provide a good underplate for the high antimonylead alloys.
- the antimony plating bath described above may have added thereto from about .4 to 2 grams of copper sulphate per liter of water. Deposits of exceptional brightness are obtained from the antimony plating bath to which copper has been added.
- the antimony plating bath described above may have added thereto 20 cc. of stannous fiuoborate (46% solution) per liter of water.
- the antimony bath described above may have added thereto from about 10 to 25 grams per liter of a soluble cadmium compound, for example, cadmium sulfate or cadmium chloride.
- the antimony bath described above may have added thereto about 10 to 40 cc. per liter of a 50% solution of indium chloride in water.
- the anodes employed may be of pure antimony.
- the anodes may, if desired, consist of an alloy of antimony with the alloying metal to be electrodeposited.
- the foregoing baths all provide good anode corrosion.
- the antimony or alloys of antimony may be electroplated on cathodes of any of the common metals; for example, iron or steel, copper, lead, tin, nickel, cadmium, indium, zinc, etc.
- a presently preferred sequence of plating is to (1) apply a lead flash or strike in an alkaline lead plating bath containing tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid; (2) then electrodeposit a lead-antimony plate (an alloy high in lead); (3) and then electrodeposit an antimony-lead plate (an alloy high in antimony) or an antimony-copper plate (alloy high in antimony).
- a satisfactory alkaline lead plating bath is one containing per liter of water, about to grams of Rochelle salts, 10 to 25 grams of lead oxide, lead acetate, or lead carbonate, 15 to 75 grams of tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.
- Sodium hydroxide may be added as needed to maintain the pH at about 9 to 11.
- Lead anodes may be used.
- An indium or tin strike may be employed in place of the lead strike if desired. Where copper is used as an underplate it is preferred (because of the possibility of reaction between copper and antimony) to apply a strike or flash of lead, indium, or leadantimony alloy high in lead over the copper, before plating With the high antimony alloy.
- An electroplating bath consisting essentially of an aqueous solution containing ammonium and citrate ions, antimony potassium tartrate, a soluble compound of a metal other than antimony and an alkali metal salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid in a small but effective amount of to about 60 grams per liter.
- An electroplating bath consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of ammonium citrate, antimony potassium tartrate, and a small but effective amount up to about 60 grams per liter of an alkali metal salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.
- a plating bath consisting essentially of the following per liter of Water:
- An electroplating bath consisting of the following per liter of water:
- An electroplating bath consisting essentially of the following per liter of water:
Description
United States Patent ELECTRODEPOSITION 0F ANTIMONY AND ANTIMONY ALLOYS Clarence F. Smart, Birmingham, Mich., assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich", a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application June 3, 1952, Serial N0. 291,563
Claims. c1. 204 -43 This invention relates to improvements in the electrodeposition of antimony and alloys containing antimony.
I have discovered that hard, smooth, bright and highly corrosion-resistant deposits of antimony and alloys of antimony can be electroplated by inclusion of certain addition agents in electroplating baths. The preferred addition agent in accordance with the present invention is the tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. Under some conditions the mono, di, and tri sodium salts of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid may be used in place of the tetra sodium salt. The potassium salts also may be employed in place of the sodium salts.
While the addition agents in accordance with the present invention may be employed in any known type of bath or electrolyte for electrodepositing antimony or alloys of antimony, most satisfactory results have been obtained from aqueous solutions containing the addition agent together with ammonium citrate (dibasic) and antimony potassium tartrate (tartar emetic). To this antimony plating bath is added such other soluble metal salt or compound as may be desired to obtain the desired antimony alloy electrodeposit. For example, I have successfully electrodeposited alloys of antimony-lead, antimony-copper, antimony-iron, antimony-cadmium, antimony-indium, antimony-tin and antimony-zinc.
The antimony or antimony alloy plates may be deposited to any desired thicknesses. The antimony and antimony alloy plates are especially advantageous as decorative and corrosion-resistant plates. For this type of electrodeposit, plate thicknesses up to .002" or more may be employed. A thickness of .0015" is typical. If desired the antimony or antimony alloy electrodeposit may have an electrodeposit of chromium applied thereon.
The following is a specific and illustrative example of a satisfactory plating bath for electrodepositing antimony in which the named ingredients are employed in the amounts stated per liter of water:
80 to 200 grams of ammonium citrate (dibasic) 10 to 80 grams of antimony potassium tartrate (tartar emetic) 30 to 60 grams of tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine acetic acid Where it is desired to plate an alloy of antimony-lead, 10 to 25 grams of lead oxide (PbO) may be added to the foregoing bath. An equal amount of lead acetate may be employed in place of the lead oxide. Citric acid and ammonium hydroxide in proper proportions may be used in lieu of dibasic ammonium citrate. Where an alloy of antimony-lead consisting predominantly of antimony is desired the bath may contain from 40 to 80 grams of antimony potassium tartrate and 20 grams of lead oxide or lead acetate per liter of water. Lower concentrations of antimony potassium tartrate are used in electrodeposit ing antimony-lead alloys in which the lead is the predominant constituent. Such high lead content antimony alloys are very ductile and harder and Whiter than lead. They provide a good underplate for the high antimonylead alloys.
"ice
In the foregoing baths very satisfactory results have been obtained with voltages of l to 4, current densities of 5 to 50 amperes per square foot of cathode area, bath temperatures ranging from room temperature or below up .to 125 F. or higher, and with the pH of the bath ranging from about 4 to 6 (5 preferred). If necessary to maintain the pH Within this range small amounts of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid may be added.
For plating an alloy consisting largely of antimony with a minor amount 'of copper the antimony plating bath described above may have added thereto from about .4 to 2 grams of copper sulphate per liter of water. Deposits of exceptional brightness are obtained from the antimony plating bath to which copper has been added.
For making a plating bath for electrodepositing antimony-tin alloys the antimony plating bath described above may have added thereto 20 cc. of stannous fiuoborate (46% solution) per liter of water.
For making a plating bath for electrodepositing antimony-cadmium alloys the antimony bath described above may have added thereto from about 10 to 25 grams per liter of a soluble cadmium compound, for example, cadmium sulfate or cadmium chloride.
For making a plating bath for electrodepositing antimony-indium alloys the antimony bath described above may have added thereto about 10 to 40 cc. per liter of a 50% solution of indium chloride in water.
The anodes employed may be of pure antimony. In the case of the electrodeposition of alloys of antimony the anodes may, if desired, consist of an alloy of antimony with the alloying metal to be electrodeposited. The foregoing baths all provide good anode corrosion.
The antimony or alloys of antimony may be electroplated on cathodes of any of the common metals; for example, iron or steel, copper, lead, tin, nickel, cadmium, indium, zinc, etc.
In plating of steel, brass, and zinc-base die castings, a presently preferred sequence of plating is to (1) apply a lead flash or strike in an alkaline lead plating bath containing tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid; (2) then electrodeposit a lead-antimony plate (an alloy high in lead); (3) and then electrodeposit an antimony-lead plate (an alloy high in antimony) or an antimony-copper plate (alloy high in antimony). A satisfactory alkaline lead plating bath is one containing per liter of water, about to grams of Rochelle salts, 10 to 25 grams of lead oxide, lead acetate, or lead carbonate, 15 to 75 grams of tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. Sodium hydroxide may be added as needed to maintain the pH at about 9 to 11. Lead anodes may be used. An indium or tin strike may be employed in place of the lead strike if desired. Where copper is used as an underplate it is preferred (because of the possibility of reaction between copper and antimony) to apply a strike or flash of lead, indium, or leadantimony alloy high in lead over the copper, before plating With the high antimony alloy.
Various changes and modifications of the embodiments of my invention disclosed herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
I claim:
1. An electroplating bath consisting essentially of an aqueous solution containing ammonium and citrate ions, antimony potassium tartrate, a soluble compound of a metal other than antimony and an alkali metal salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid in a small but effective amount of to about 60 grams per liter.
2. A plating bath as in claim 1 in which the alkali metal salt is the tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.
3. An electroplating bath consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of ammonium citrate, antimony potassium tartrate, and a small but effective amount up to about 60 grams per liter of an alkali metal salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.
4. An electroplating bath as in claim 3 in which the bath also has dissolved therein a soluble compound of a metal other than antimony.
5. A plating bath consisting essentially of the following per liter of Water:
80 to 200 grams of dibasic ammonium citrate,
to 80 grams of antimony potassium tartrate,
30 to 60 grams of tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.
6. An electroplating bath consisting of the following per liter of water:
80 to 200 grams of dibasic ammonium citrate,
10 to 80 grams of antimony potassium tartrate,
30 to 60 grams of tetra sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid,
10 to grams of lead oxide (PhD).
7. The method of electroplating which comprises passing an electric current from an anode to a cathode through the bath defined in claim 6.
8. An electroplating bath consisting essentially of the following per liter of water:
80 to 200 grams of ammonium citrate,
10 to 80 grams of antimony potassium tartrate,
to grams of a compound of the class consisting of mono, di and tri alkali metal salts of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,474,092 Liger June 21, 1949 2,634,235 Hitchens et al Apr. 7, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 130,302 Great Britain July 29, 1919 731,102 Germany Feb. 3, 1943 OTHER REFERENCES Senderoff: Metal Finishing, vol. 48 (September 1950), pages 71-78.
Piontelli et al.: Chemical Abstracts, vol. 37 (1943), page 1336.
Stout et al.: Transactions Electrochemical Society, vol. 63 (1933), pages 99-119.
Claims (1)
- 3. AN ELECTROPLATING BATH CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF AMMONIUM CITRATE, ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE, AND A SMALL BUT EFFECTIVE AMOUNT UP TO ABOUT 60 GRAMS PER LITER OF AN ALKALI METAL SALT OF ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRA ACETIC ACID.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US291563A US2750333A (en) | 1952-06-03 | 1952-06-03 | Electrodeposition of antimony and antimony alloys |
| US310927A US2751341A (en) | 1952-06-03 | 1952-09-22 | Electrodeposition of lead and lead alloys |
| GB13009/53A GB737713A (en) | 1952-06-03 | 1953-05-11 | Improvements in or relating to the electro-deposition of lead and antimony and alloys thereof |
| FR1083577D FR1083577A (en) | 1952-06-03 | 1953-06-03 | Process and solutions for the electroplating of metals |
| DEG11878A DE959242C (en) | 1952-06-03 | 1953-06-03 | Bath for the galvanic deposition of antimony or antimony alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US291563A US2750333A (en) | 1952-06-03 | 1952-06-03 | Electrodeposition of antimony and antimony alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2750333A true US2750333A (en) | 1956-06-12 |
Family
ID=23120813
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US291563A Expired - Lifetime US2750333A (en) | 1952-06-03 | 1952-06-03 | Electrodeposition of antimony and antimony alloys |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2750333A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE959242C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1083577A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB737713A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2879210A (en) * | 1956-07-02 | 1959-03-24 | Steel Prot And Chemical Compan | Process of electroplating on aluminum |
| US2918414A (en) * | 1956-08-17 | 1959-12-22 | Bradley Mining Company | Antimony plating process |
| US2918415A (en) * | 1956-08-17 | 1959-12-22 | Bradley Mining Company | Antimony plating process |
| US3517674A (en) * | 1965-06-28 | 1970-06-30 | Gen Electric | Rupture of adhesive bonds |
| US4199417A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1980-04-22 | Mariano Borruso | Electrodeposition of black deposit and electrolytes therefor |
| US20140374264A1 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2014-12-25 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Lithium-ion battery |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE553110A (en) * | 1955-12-02 | |||
| US2873232A (en) * | 1956-06-18 | 1959-02-10 | Philco Corp | Method of jet plating |
| DE1136122B (en) * | 1957-09-26 | 1962-09-06 | Coussinets Ste Indle | Process and device for the electrolytic production of copper-lead powder |
| DE1137558B (en) * | 1959-05-08 | 1962-10-04 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Process for the production of lead or lead compounds |
| CN114917621B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-05-23 | 湖北大学 | Preparation method of super-amphiphilicity stainless steel net for emulsion separation |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB130302A (en) * | 1918-04-29 | 1919-07-29 | Quintin Marino | An Electrolytic Process for Coating Iron or Steel with Lead or Antimony or an Alloy of Lead and Antimony. |
| DE731102C (en) * | 1941-12-13 | 1943-02-03 | Dr Herbert Brintzinger | Process for the production of metallic coatings |
| US2474092A (en) * | 1943-10-11 | 1949-06-21 | Battelle Development Corp | Composition for and method of electrodeposition of lead |
| US2634235A (en) * | 1946-06-21 | 1953-04-07 | Olin Ind Inc | Lead-antimony alloy electroplating bath |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB595148A (en) * | 1945-02-12 | 1947-11-27 | Du Pont | Improvements in or relating to the electrodeposition of lead |
| US2195454A (en) * | 1939-01-07 | 1940-04-02 | Louis Weisberg Inc | Electrodeposition of copper |
-
1952
- 1952-06-03 US US291563A patent/US2750333A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1953
- 1953-05-11 GB GB13009/53A patent/GB737713A/en not_active Expired
- 1953-06-03 DE DEG11878A patent/DE959242C/en not_active Expired
- 1953-06-03 FR FR1083577D patent/FR1083577A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB130302A (en) * | 1918-04-29 | 1919-07-29 | Quintin Marino | An Electrolytic Process for Coating Iron or Steel with Lead or Antimony or an Alloy of Lead and Antimony. |
| DE731102C (en) * | 1941-12-13 | 1943-02-03 | Dr Herbert Brintzinger | Process for the production of metallic coatings |
| US2474092A (en) * | 1943-10-11 | 1949-06-21 | Battelle Development Corp | Composition for and method of electrodeposition of lead |
| US2634235A (en) * | 1946-06-21 | 1953-04-07 | Olin Ind Inc | Lead-antimony alloy electroplating bath |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2879210A (en) * | 1956-07-02 | 1959-03-24 | Steel Prot And Chemical Compan | Process of electroplating on aluminum |
| US2918414A (en) * | 1956-08-17 | 1959-12-22 | Bradley Mining Company | Antimony plating process |
| US2918415A (en) * | 1956-08-17 | 1959-12-22 | Bradley Mining Company | Antimony plating process |
| US3517674A (en) * | 1965-06-28 | 1970-06-30 | Gen Electric | Rupture of adhesive bonds |
| US4199417A (en) * | 1978-11-13 | 1980-04-22 | Mariano Borruso | Electrodeposition of black deposit and electrolytes therefor |
| US20140374264A1 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2014-12-25 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Lithium-ion battery |
| CN104466085A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2015-03-25 | 科罗拉多州立大学研究基金会 | Lithium-ion battery |
| EP2849265A3 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2015-07-01 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Lithium-ion battery |
| US9741999B2 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2017-08-22 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Lithium-ion battery |
| CN104466085B (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2018-03-16 | 科罗拉多州立大学研究基金会 | Lithium ion battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB737713A (en) | 1955-09-28 |
| FR1083577A (en) | 1955-01-11 |
| DE959242C (en) | 1957-02-28 |
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