US2721036A - Jaw crusher - Google Patents

Description

Oct 1955 J. R. KUENEMAN ET AL JAW CRUSHER 2 R n O H E a n N m N H E R A. E H U o s vgkh... t Nu T MW A Oct. 18, 1955 J. R. KUENEMAN ETAL J AW CRUSHER Filed Sept. 8, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVE N TORS Jon/v. R Kuems/v nu DON KUENEHHN ii -P m? United States Patent JAW CRUSHER John R. Kueneman and Don Kueneman, Oakland, Calif. Application September 8, 1948, Serial No. 48,184 3 Claims. (Cl. 241269) The invention relates to a crusher or pulverizer having a swinging jaw cooperative with a fixed jaw to define a downwardly-tapering crushing zone.

An object of the invention is to provide a jaw-type crusher of the present type in which the material to be crushed is engaged and crushed with a minimum of slippage and rubbing thereof in the crushing zone, whereby to minimize jaw plate wear and the production of dust.

Another object is to provide for a particularly efiective adjustment of the crusher for the maximum size of product.

A further object is to provide a particularly eflicient drive for the movable jaw which swings about a fixed axis above the crushing zone.

An added object is to provide a crusher of the character described which is operatively balanced in such a manner that its structure may be of minimum Weight, requires a minimum supporting foundation, requires a minimum of operating power for its duty, and functions with a minimum of vibration.

The invention possesses other objects andfeatures of advantage, some of which, with the foregoing, will be set forth or be apparent in the following description of a typical embodiment thereof, and in the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figure l is a plan view of a crusher embodying the features of our invention, portions of the structure being broken away.

Figure 2 is a sectional elevation on the line 2-2 in Figure 1.

Figures 3 and 4 are upright sectional views taken in opposite directions 23-3 and 44 from the plane bisecting the working zone of the crusher.

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken at the line 55 in Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary section taken at the line 66 in Figure 2.

Figures 7 and 8 are plan sections taken respectively at the lines 7-7 and 88 in Figure 2.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary sectional elevation taken at the line 9-9 in Figure 2.

Figure 10 is an enlarged showing of the upper left-hand portion of the section of Figure 4.

Figure 11 is a reduced perspective view of the crusher unit.

Figure 12 is a perspective view of a lubricant-pumping assembly of the crusher.

Figure 13 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the elements of the fixed jaw assembly of the crusher in transversely separated relation.

Figure 14 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the elements of the moving jaw assembly of the crusher in transversely separated relation.

Figure 15 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of a modified form of a toggle drive means shown in Figure 2.

A crusher 21 embodying the present features of invention essentially provides an upright fixed jaw 22 and an opposed movable jaw 23 which is pivotally supported at its top for swinging toward and from the jaw 22 to progressively crush material gravitationally descending in a tapering crushing zone defined between the jaws. The jaw 22 extends between forward points of upright and mutually spaced plates 24 and 25 which comprise the side members of a support frame carrying all of the crusher mechanism, and the jaw 23 is hingedly suspended from and between upper points of the plates 24 and 25.

As shown, the side frame plates 24 and 25 are of generally triangular outline and are fixedly connected at upper and lower forward points thereof by laterally rigid crossbars 27 and 28 respectively, and at lower rear points by a laterally rigid crossbar 29. A shaft 31 hingedly supports the movable jaw 23 while fixedly securing corresponding top points of the plates 24 and 25 together, whereby said shaft and the crossbars 27 and 28 and 29 complete the frame as a rigid unitary structure. Foot blocks 32 are provided along the bottoms of the side plates 24 and 25 to provide a base for the frame; as particularly shown, the foot blocks 32 comprise lateral ears extending integrally outwardly from the bottoms of the side plates, provide bearing portions 32' extending below the bottom lines of the plates, and are provided with upright holes 32" for receiving hold-down bolts by which they may be secured to supporting beams.

It will now be noted that the cross-bar 27 is of I-section having its inner flange portion straight and its outer flange portion intermediately arched away from and connected to its inner flange by the section web 27 and a series of transverse webs 27", whereby the bar may be rigid against bending, particularly in the plane of its horizontally disposed web 27'. As is brought out in Figure 7, the cross-bar 27 fits snugly between the side plates 24 and 25 except for cylindrical extensions 33 which are disposed through complementary openings in said sides; the extensions 33 generally comprise coaxial continuations of the inner flanges of the bar, and the bar ends and extensions are fixed to the respective plates 24 and 25, as by welding. A bearing rib 35 extends rearwardly from and along the inner flange of the bar 27 in the plane of the bar web, and the free edge of the rib is of uniform cylindrical section for engagement by a complementary socket 36 provided by the fixed jaw 22.

The cross-bar 28 is of similar form to the bar 27 but is of slightly greater width between its flanges. By particular reference to Figure 8, it will be seen that the bar 28 is provided with end extensions 37 which engage through complementary openings provided in the side plates 24 and 25, and is secured in its operative position by welding at its ends and at the extensions. An integral bearing rib 38 extends inwardly from the inner flange portion of the cross-bar 28 and presents a flat upright inner face against which an assembly of shim strips 39 of uniform rectangular cross-section and a bearing strip 40 of uniform semicircular cross-section are engaged and retained in a suitable manner; in the present structure, the strips 39 and 40 the bar ends and freely through provided in the plates 24 and 25. the protruding ends of the shim strips 39 are provided with aligned holes through which bolts 42 are extended for clamping them to opposed ears 37' which comprise continuations of the extensions 37; in this manner the strips 39 are replaceably fixed to the cross-bar 28 whereby the number of shim strips 39 used for variably spacing the bearing strip 40 from the rib 39 may be varied at will by adding or subtracting them through an opening 41. The bearing strip 49 is held in its operative position by reason of its engagement in a complementary socket 43 provided in and along the bottom of the jaw rectangular openings 41 As particularly shown,

extend laterally beyond Preferably, and as shown, e fixed jaw 22 comprises a relatively inflexible jaw stock element 44 replaceably mounting upper and lower wear plate elements 45 and 46 which respectively provide the lower side face 45' of a feeding passage or hopper 47 and a working face 46' for the working zone 48 between the jaws. At its forward side and across it, the jaw stock element 44 provides the upper and lower socket grooves 36 and 43 for simultaneously and eomplementarily receiving the bearing rib and bearing strip provided by and at the. cross-bars 27 and 28 respectively. In order to provide a jaw stock element 44 of maximum strength for its width, the same is shown as formed to have a segmental cross-section between the .sockets'36 and 43, is cored out, and has'its forward and rear walls intermediately connected by a reinforcing web 44' extending between its sides.

The jaw stock element 44 is arranged for its fixed attachment to the cross bars 27 and 28 while the sockets 36 and 43 coinplementarily receive the bearing rib 35 a and bearing strip 40 respectively. As particularly shown, 7 pairs of ears 50 extend forwardly from upper points of the element 44 below and adjacent the cross-bar 47, and are connected to said bar by means of eye-bolts 51 having their eyes swingably secured between the ears 50 of each pair by pivot pins 51' and having their shanks engaged through correspondingly spaced and positioned cars 53 which depend from the forward flange of the cross-bar In this manner, the escape of lubricant from thetswing- 27, with the upper portion of the element 44 secured in place by means of nuts 51" which are operative against the forward sides of the cars 52. In a similar arrangement, pairs of ears 53 extend forwardly from the element 44 and are engaged by eye bolts 54 which are attached to the ears 53 by pivot pins 54' and extend through ears 55.which extend upwardly from the cross-bar 28, and mount nuts 54". which engage the forward sides of the ears 55 for fixing the bottom portion of the element 44 to and against the bearingstrip 40 which is carried by the cross-bar 28.

It' will now be noted that the movable jaw 23 comprises a jaw stock element 56 which replaceably mounts upper and lower wear plate elements 57 and 58 which respectively provide a lower side face portion 57 for the feeding passage 47 and the working face 58 at the rear side of the working zone 48. The portion of the jaw stock element 56 behind the wear plate 58 is relatively fiat, and

- the upper portion of said element curves forwardly to ,a

terminal bearing portion which supportedly receives the hinging shaft 31. The jaw stock element 56 is relatively thick, is cored out, and is provided with mutually spaced partitioning webs 59 and 59 and 59" across upper and intermediate and lower 'points of its cavity; in this manner, the required rigidity is provided for the element 56 without making it of undue weight. Across its upper'end,

the element 56 is provided with a bore having side portions mounting bearing sleeves 61 journalled on the shaft 31, and a larger intermediate portion which is connected with the portion of the element cavity above the partitioning web 59 to define a closed reservoir space 62 for containing a lubricant for the shaft; the lubricant may be'placed in the reservoir space 62 at a filler opening 63 at-the top of the element, said opening being normally closed by a screw plug 63 which serves as an admission and retention means for the lubricant.

Noting that the swing angle of working of the jaw 23 is relatively small, means are provided for sealing the sides of the jaw at the side plates 24 and 25 against the escape of the lubricant thereat. As is particularly brought out in Figures 4 and Mind 11, the width of the element 44.-at its tubular bearing portion somewhat exceeds the width of the element below said portion, and the tubular ends of said portion are embraced by ends of. lubricanttight .flexible sealing sleeves 64 which have their other ends fixed to and about collar members 65 which are fixed to the frame plates 24 and 25 in coaxial relation to the openings which sealedly receive the ends of the shaft 31.

66 and 67 are fixed respectively at the tops of the frame plates 24 and 25 and cooperate with the plates to provide portions of the shaft-receiving openings 68 and 69 for the plates, said openings being tapered for complementarily receiving the belled and tapered portions of the shaft to provide for a wedged seating of the shaft therein.

The threaded shaft end 31-" extends through a thrust washer 71, and a screwing up of the nut 31" against the washer 71 is arranged to sealedly and non-rotatably secure the shaft to and between the frame plates as a spreader therefor thereat. A cover plate 72 having a central bearing projection 72 for engaging the extremity of the belled shaft portion is secured to the member 66 by tap screws 72" for further urging the tight seating'of the shaft in the openings. 7

Understanding that the jaw faces which define the hopper and working zones of the present crusher are subject to wear, the wear plate elements are preferably so mounted on the different jaws as to permit their ready replacement without dismounting the jaw stocks 44 or 56.

the hook ends while an acute-angled plate extension at said edge wedgedly extends into'the hook space for urg: ing the bottom of the mounted plate toward the jaw stock by reason of its seating on the hooks.

At its top, the wear plate 46 is provided with a J -groove 74 therealong which is arranged:to complementarily receive the lower edge of the upper wear plate 45 while the latter is secured against the upper portion of the jaw stock 44 which is angularly related to the jaw stock portion mounting the plate 46 and mounts the wear. plate 45 which defines the bottom of the hopper space. At its extreme upper edge, the jaw stock 44 is provided with 7 an out-turned rib 75 which provides a seat for the upper edge portion of the plate 45, and bolts 76 extending from V a longitudinal line ofintermediate points of the plate 45 through holes provided through the upper jaw stock portion mount nuts 76' for tightening to clamp the plate 44,

in place while its lower edge engages the groove 74 at the top of the wear plate 46. The present wear-plate mount ing device is such that the secured upper wear plate 44' is operative to clamp the top of the lower wear plate 45 to thejaw stock, while the dismounting of the plate 45 frees the plate 46 for its removal.

Hooks 77 corresponding to the hooks 73 at the bottom of the jaw stock 44 are provided along the bottom of the movable jaw stock 56 for supportedlytengaging the wear plate 58 in the manner taught respecting the wear plate.

46 for securing the bottom of the wear plate to the jaw stock thereat. At its top, the wear plate 58 is provided with a V-groove 78 for complementarily receiving a V- edge portion 57" of the wear plate 57 while said plate is seated against the jaw stock and presents its working face 57 in coplanar relation with the working face 58' of the lower wear plate 58. A line of bolts 79-extends from the upper wear plate '57 and removably through openings through the jaw stock 56 to mount nuts 79 for releasably clamping the plate against the front face of the jaw stock while operating against the lower wear plate 58 to clamp the top of the same against the jaw stock.

In view of'the fact that only the working faces of the- In the present structure, an,

upper wear plates 45 and 57 and the lower wear plates 46 and 58 are subjected to contact with the material to be crushed, these elements are preferably formed of a hard and wear-resistant metal such as manganese steel, or at least have their wear faces hardened, said faces being shown as flat and generally smooth. Also, the inner faces of the lower wear plates 46 and 58 may be fluted in an upright direction to lighten them without sacrifice of strength. The inner faces of the jaw stocks 44 and 56 may also be fluted in an upright direction to lighten them; see Figures 13 and 14. In the present structure, the frame plates 24 and 25 mount cheek plates 81 opposite the sides of the crushing zone for closely, but freely, receiving the movable jaw 23 between them whereby said plates define the sides of the hopper and working zones of the crusher.

It will now be particularly noted that the mutually opposed fiat Working faces 46 and 58' of the respective lower wear plates 46 and 58 define between them a working-zone having a nip angle approximating twenty-six degrees, and that the axis of the hinge shaft 31 preferably lies in a plane which generally bisects the wedge-shaped worldng zone and is about ten degrees from the vertical. Also, a vertical plane through the axis of the shaft 31 intersects the working face 58 of the movable jaw 23 at an intermediate line across it whereby all points in said working face above said line move slightly downwardly and all points in said working face below said line move slightly upwardly as this jaw moves in its relatively short Working stroke which need be no more than three-fourths of an inch at the jaw bottom. With the foregoing arrangement, the larger pieces of material in the upper portion of the working zone above said line are crushingly engaged in lines which slope downwardly and are substantially perpendicular to the opposed working face 46' of the fixed jaw 22 whereby to produce a minimum of rubbing of the pieces against the different jaw faces and thereby minimize plate wear and the production of dust thereat. Even though a partially reduced material in the lower portion of the crushing zone is slightly urged upwardly during a working stroke of the movable jaw, any rubbing effects produced thereby are relatively negligible because of the smaller size of the pieces acted on. It will thus be understood that the present crusher jaw arrangement operates with a minimum abrasion of the material, whereby plate wear and the production of dust are a minimum for the crusher in which but one jaw moves.

Noting that successive oscillations of the jaw 23 toward and from the fixed jaw 22 will progressively crush rocks to a size determined by the minimum space provided at i the bottom of the crushing zone 48, lower and minor portions at the bottoms of the jaw faces 46 and 58' are oppositely beveled to lower the angle of nip thereat to a substantially zero value, the arrangement facilitating the production of a crusher product which is chiefly of a fixed maximum size which is predetermined by the adjusted spacing of said lower jaw face portions at the end of a working stroke of the jaw 23, the latter being the condition shown in Figures 1 to 14. Also, the center of gravity of the swinging jaw is so disposed with respect thereto that it moves downwardly during working strokes of the jaw to help overcome the effect of inertia at the start of working strokes of the jaw.

It will now be noted that a crank-shaft 82 is journalled in and between the frame side plates 24 and 25 to extend across the frame space beyond the plates and with its axis parallel to the pivotal axis of the jaws, and that means are provided for oscillating the movable jaw 23 from the shaft 82 while the latter is continuously rotated at a uniform speed. One extending end of the shaft 82 carries a belt pulley 83 by which the shaft may be actuated from asuitable motor (not shown) while the other shaft end isutilized for the actuation of a pump 34 for circulating the lubricant for the driving connections between the drive shaft 82 and the movable crusher jaw 23, said pump having its shaft 84 extending axially from the shaft 82 and being carried on a cap-like support bracket 85 which encloses the outer end of the shaft 82 thereat.

The central portion 82' of the present shaft 82 is eccentrically enlarged for functioning as a crank-pin and is arranged to actuate a toggle assembly by which the working strokes of the movable jaw 23 are effected, said toggle assembly essentially comprising a thrust bar or link 86 extending rearwardly from a bottom point of the jaw 23 to a knuckle connection with a thrust bar or link 87 which extends from the fixed rear crossbar 29 of the frame. The forward jaw-engaging toggle bar 86 has the form of a plate which is almost as wide as the lower portion of the jaw stock 56, extends crosswise of the frame space rearwardly of the jaw 23, and is provided with cylindrically beaded forward and rear bearing edges 86' and 86". At the rear thereof and at its bottom end, the movable jaw stock 56 is provided with a trough-like depression 88 extending thereacross and receiving a bearing block 89 which in turn provides a semicylindrical socket 89 for receiving the forward head 86' of the bar 86.

The rear frame crossbar 29, it will now be noted, comprises a cast member which is of a cored-out structure for lateral stiffness and provides a horizontal rib or flange 29' extending forwardly therefrom at substantially the same height as the bearing socket 89' for the jaw 23. A member 90 is mounted at the forward face of the element 29, said member comprising a plate extending generally upwardly and across the front face of the crossbar 29, and providing a rear channel groove 93 which receives the rib 29'. As particularly shown, the member 90 is clamped against the front of the crossbar 29 by means of tap bolts 96" extending in an intermediate line along the member and engaging the crossbar for releasably clamping the member to the bar. Along its forward face and opposite the channel 90 the member 9% is provided with a cylindrical socket groove 91.

The rear toggle bar 87, it will now be noted, comprises a plate member having a beaded rear edge 87' for its bearing engagement in the socket 91 and a cylindrical socket 87" at its front edge for bearingly receiving the rear bead 86 of the link 86 as a knuckle joint thereat, whereby the links 86 and 87 may be directly coactive between the jaw 23 and the crossbar 29 for controlling the disposition of the jaw; the jaw 23 is arranged to be at the end of its working stroke when the hinging axis at the socket 87 is no lower than the plane of the hinging axes at the sockets 89 and 91, the relation being shown in Figure 1. A channel member 92 providing a plurality of spring seats therealong is fixed across and beneath the forward end of the rear toggle link 87, and has its seats engaged by compression springs 93 extending from a fixed seat beneath them, the arrangement being such that the mutual hinging axis for the links is yieldingly urged to be and remain above the plane of the sockets 89' and 91 as the jaw is moved in working and return strokes thereof.

At the top thereof and directly above its forward edge socket 87", the rear link 87 is provided with a cylindrical cross-socket 94 having its axis parallel to and substantially above the axes of the socket 87", and a thrust arm 95 is coactive between the crank-pin portion 82' of the shaft 82 and the socket 94 for pushing down the link 87 against the resistance of the spring 93. As is particularly brought out in Figures 2 and 5, the thrust arm 95 comprises a plate having a beaded lower edge 95 complementarily engaged in the socket 94 and a top socket 95" which complementarily receives the eccentric shaft portion 82"; in this manner, the eccentric 82 is operative to effect a working stroke of the jaw 23 during each revolution of the shaft. It will be noted that no bearing cap is needed for the thrust arm 95, whereby the weight of the arm assembly may be kept to a minimum for its required duty.

Since solely thrust engagements are provided for between the front and rear toggle links 86 and 87 and the jaw 23 and the frame cross-member 29 respectively, means are provided for constantly maintaining the thrust bars in their direct engagement with each other and with the jaw and cross-member. As particularly shown, an car 97 depends rigidly from the jaw-stock element 56 of the jaw 23 and has a tension rod 98 extending rearwardly therefrom and freely through an opening 29". provided through the bottom of the frame cross-member The rod 98 mounts a spring seat member 98" on its rearwardly extending end, and a compression spring 99 is constantly operative between the seat member 97 and the rearward side of the cross-member 29 whereby the jaw 23 is yieldingly urged to an operatively withdrawn position as limited by the combined action of the toggle bars 86 and 87 between it and the cross-member 29. With the present arrangement, the operating platelike toggle bars 86 and 87 and the arm 95 are all subject solely to compressive forces in their planes as is highly preferable in crusher structures since it generally permits the use of lighter elements.

Figure discloses an alternative toggle drive arrangement wherein toggle bars 186 and 187 are both directly engaged with a thrust arm 195 which engages the crankpin 82' as does the arm 95; in the present showing, the crank-pin is in its upper position whereby the'moving jaw 23 is disposed in withdrawn position with respect to the fixed jaw 22. Along its bottom edge, the arm 195 is'provided with a channel portion 192 for receiving a line of support springs 93 for functioning as in Figure 2. At opposite sides thereof and adjacent its bottom edge, the arm 195 is provided with hearing sockets for complementarilyreceiving the rear and front bearing edges 186" and 187" of the toggle plates 186 and 187 respectively while the front and rear bearing edges '186 and 187 of the plates 186 and 187 complementarily engage the socket grooves 89' and 91 of the bearing blocks 89 and 90' respectively. While this arrangement and structural combination are simpler than that provided in Figure 2, the action thereof subjects the arm 195 to bending stresses as well as compression, and the arm 195 must be generally heavier than the arm 95.

Noting that the line of springs 93 is operative through the-engagedends of the rear link 87 to retain the thrust arm- 95 in its seated engagement with'and between the erank-pinportion 82" of the drive shaft 82, it will 'be understood that lubricant delivered upon the crank-pin from the pump 84 through an overlying spray-head 84" maybe automatically supplied to the bearing at the socket 95". and the underlying link hearings in a particut larly simple lubricating arrangement therefor in a lubrication chamber 96 which encloses the jaw-operating mechanism.

In the present structure, the chamber 96 extends between the frame side plates 24 and is further defined by a bottom plate 101 and a front plate 102 and a top plate 103 and a rear plate 104 and the cross-member 29, said plates being mutually coterminous and sealedly fixed to the side frame members 24 and 25. The rear plate 104 is preferably mounted upon the sloping rear edges of the frame sides 24 and and extends upwardly to have its upper edge close to the rear side of the jaw 23 for preventing the falling of rocks or other articles into the working space of the frame thereat. The bottom of the chamber 96 serves as a' sump from which the lubricant may be supplied to the pump 84 for its circulation to the spray-head 84" by the pump.

The front chamber wall 102 generally bounds the lower portion of the working zone for the jaw 23, and is provided with an opening 105 for the free extension therethrough of the toggle link 86 to its bearing with the jaw. The opening 105 for the link 86 is considerably larger than the rim of the trough portion 88 of the jaw which seats the bearing block 89 and is approximately coplanar with said rim. A flexible sealing member 106 of flexible sheet material connects the trough rim with the rim of theopening therearound, said sealing member being impervious to the lubricant and the ar rangement permitting the necessary reciprocation and rocking of the link 86 as it is actuated during the work ing-and-return strokes of the jaw while sealing the cham* ber thereat and providing for a lubrication of the toggle bearing at the bearing block 89. I

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the advantages of the present crusher will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention appertains. While we have described the principle of operation, together with arrangements which we now consider to comprise pre ferred embodiments thereof, we desire to have it understood that the showing is primarily illustrative, and that such changes and developments may be made, when de: sired, as fall within the scope of the following claims. We claim: 1. In a crusher, mutually opposed jaws having cooperative working faces defining between them an upright crushing zone tapering to its bottom, means supporting one said jaw for its oscillatory swinging in a relatively small are about a horizontal axis above the crushing zone and disposed in a plane bisecting the-zone with the working face of the latter jaw obliquely intersected intermediately of its height by a vertical plane including its axis of swinging, and means supporting the other jaw in fixed relation to said plane in substantially upright position.

2. In a crusher, mutually opposed jaws having cooperative working faces defining between them an upright crushing zone/tapering to its bottom, means supporting one said jaw for its oscillatory swinging in a relatively small are about a horizontal axis above the crushing zone and substantially in a plane bisecting the zone, the working face of the latter jaw being intermediately intersected horizontally across it by a vertical plane including its axis of swinging, and means supporting the other jaw in fixed angularly adjusted relation to said plane. 7

3. In. a crusher, a frame defining a working space, a jaw disposed in said working space and defining a side. of a crushing zone, means hingedly suspending said jaw on the frame for its swinging about a fixed horizontal axis, a crankshaft journalled in the frame in horizontal disposition in parallel and transversely spaced relation to the jaw and intermediately offset as a crankpin within the working space, a thrust arm having an'uncapped socket end complementarily receiving the crankpin portion of the shaft and depending therefrom, a .toggle' member directly operative between a horizontal hinged connection with the lower end of the arm and. a fixed reaction point of the frame, a toggle member directly operative between a horizontal hinged connection with the first toggle member and the jaw, said thrust bar connections for the toggle members being in substantially longitudinal alignment with the thrust bar and the thrust lines of the toggle members being operative solely above the plane of their hinged connections with the frame and the jaw, and a spring means constantly and directly operative against the first toggle member from a fixed reaction point beneath'it to maintain. the coactive rela tion of the thrust arm and crank pin and toggle members, with the thrust arm constantly in compression.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS (Other references on following page) McCully Aug. 18, 1896 Lowry Feb. 1, 1902 Deane June 23, 1903 Buchanan May 9, 1905 5 Blake Nov. 14, 1905 Kennedy Mar. 28, 1916 Leighton Feb. 6, 1917 Schmidt, Jr Aug. 26, 1930 Bakstad Mar. 7, 1933 10 Symons Jan. 15, 1935 Hallenbeck June 28, 1938 Bernhard Aug. 5, 1940 Meinhardt Mar. 23, 1943 15 Kueneman et a1. Feb. 8, 1944 10 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain of 1909 Sweden May 20, 1925 Austria June 25, 1914 Switzerland Aug. 16, 1930 Great Britain June 28, 1923 Germany Feb. 23, 1915 Great Britain June 10, 1941 Germany Ian. 18, 1935 Germany May 7, 1935 Germany Aug. 21, 1935 France Jan. 29, 1932 OTHER REFERENCES Developments in Crushers, N. C. Rockwood, Rock Products, December 1947, Pp. 111-113; (Photostat copy in Division 55.)

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