US2588180A - Jaw crusher with hydraulic release and reset device - Google Patents

Description

March 4, 1952 sgw. TRAYLOR, JR 2, 88 80 JAW CRUSHER WITH HYDRAULIC RELEASE AND RESET DEVICE Filed June 11, 1948 2 SHEETSSHEET l r I 29 J a? i 3? y 27/ 1; I g

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JAW CRUSHER WITH HYDRAULIC RELEASE AND RESET DEVICE March 4, 1952 Filed June 11, 1948 SaZuel WI final or,J1:

Patented Mar. 4, 1952 JAW CRUSHER WITH HYDRAULIC RELEASE AND RESET DEVICE Samuel William Traylor, Jr., Allentown, Pa.

Application June 11, 1948, Serial No. 32,514

The present invention relates to crushers oi the type employed to reduce the size of such material as rock, ore, and the like. More particularly, the invention relates to jaw type crushers, as distinguished from upright gyratory crushers.

The primary object of the invention is to provide an automatic release and reset device for crushers, to the end that the machine will not be damaged by the introduction of non-crushable objects, such as tramp iron, into the space between the crushing jaws.

Another object is to provide means for releasing the support for the normally fixed jaw of the crusher, so that the jaw may be displaced to permit the passage through the crushing zone of a non-crushable object.

A further object is to provide means for automatically returning the normally fixed crushing jaw to its original, operative position after the passage of a non-crushable object through the crushing zone.

Another objectof the invention is to provide means for retarding this return movement of the normally fixed crushing jaw, so that the same cannot quickly follow the movable jaw as it recedes from the displaced, normally fixed jaw, thereby permitting the non-crushable object to drop, relatively rapidly, through thecrushing zone, during the course of only a few cycles of movement of the positively actuated movable jaw.

Another ob ect of the invention is to provide a normally fixed crushing jaw comprised of a plurality of sections, all of which or only some of which may be displaceable and to provide an automatic release and reset device 'for each movable section, to the end that undue twisting strains are not imparted to the jaw as a whole, when a non-crushable object is encountered.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for readily adjusting the crushing space between the jaws, to control the degree of fineness of the crushed material.

Other and further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from a consideration of the following description of certain preferred embodiments of the invention, shown for purposes of illustration in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical, transaxial section and partial elevation of a crusher of the grooved rolltype;

Figure 2 is a similar, fragmentary enlarged view, showing the automatic release and reset device in longitudinal section;

Claims. (Cl. 241-148) Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing the invention embodied in a swinging jaw type crusher;

Figure 4 'is an elevation taken from the left ofFigure 3;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view of a modified type of jaw crusher; and

Figure 6 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the hydraulic release and reset device.

The crusher shown in Figures 1 and 2 is generally of the type shown and described in my prior applicat on Serial No. 591,342, filed May 1, 1945, now Patent 2,464,732, March 15, 1949, and reference to that patent is made for a complete description thereof. As there described, a roll 10 having a central bushing II is journaled upon the eccentric portion I2 of a positively driven central shaft, so that the roll is'g ven a gyratory motion about the axis of the shaft. The roll carries a rim l3 constituting a positively actuated, movable jaw having a circumferential groove 14 in its periphery. of generally V-shaped cross-section. The machine frame 15 carries a pair of shafts l6 and I1, upon which 'a'pair of aw-supporting members 18 and 19 are pivoted. Each member carries a jaw element 20 having an upwardly projecting V-section rib of gradually increasing height, projecting into the grove Id of the rim member l3. As the roll gyrates rapidly, the rim l3 repeatedly approaches and recedes from the jaw elements and rolls slowly upon and crushes the material fed into the two crushing zones. The crushed material is discharged, when reduced to size, by lateral and endwise movement, through the space between the ribs and the groove, all as is explained in the aforementioned application.

The crusher frame is shaped to provide a pair of sockets 25 and 26, in which the hydraulic release and reset assemblies 21 of the present invention are disposed. The forward end face 28 of each assembly is disposed in abutting relation to'a boss 29 integral with the jaw supports l8 and I9, while the rear end face 30 of each assembly is'in abutting relation to a pair-oi wedge'barsSl, 32, driven into appropriate openings formed at diametric points in the side wall of the socket members 25 and 26. Thus, the assemblies 21 constitute backing-up supports for the jaws and prevent their downward pivoting movement under the influence of normal crushing pressure.

The crushing space between the normally fixed jaws 20 and the positively driven, movable jaw,

constitutedby the rim [3, is controlled by an adjustable stop means, comprising a tie-bolt '85, connected at one end througha pin to the rear face of the jaw supports 18 and I9, and extending at the other end through a slot 38 formed in a block 39, extending upwardly from the socket members 25, 26, with a compression spring 40 on the end portion thereof, interposed between the block and a washer 4 i, held in place by a nut 42 on the threaded end of the bolt. As noted below, each spring loaded hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly 21 urges the associated jaw support and jaw toward the rim l3 with very substantial force. Movement of each jaw support and jaw in this direction, however, is limited by the tie-bolt 36 and the associated parts. By adjusting the nut 42 on the bolt 35, the normal position of the associated jaw may be accurately determined and the crushing space correspondingly fixed.

Referring to Figures 2 and 6, each spring loaded hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly 21, constituting the automatic release and reset device, comprises a main cylinder 45, having a closed forward end 46 and an open rear end 41. Disposed within the cylinder 45 is a piston having a head 48, facing the closed end of the cylinder and a skirt 49, extending from the rear, open end thereof. The piston head 48 is apertured as at 59, providing a rearwardly facing, spherical valve seat 5|, for the reception of the head 52 of a rearwardly opening poppet valve 53, having a forwardly extending stem 54, upon which is threaded a cup 55, constituting a seat for a relatively heavy coil compression spring 56, bearing against the forward face of the piston head and tending to maintain the valve closed.

A hydraulic leather 51 is attached to the forward face of the piston head by conventional bolts, not shown. A coil compression spring 58 is interposed between the piston head and the closed end of the cylinder. The valve 53 is provided with a fluid return passage 60, closed at its forward end by a check valve 6| urged to closed position by a light compression spring 62, housed within a cap 83 threaded on the end of the valve stem and having a transverse passage 64, open at both ends.

The main piston has a hollow interior 65 defined by the skirt 49, constituting a reservoir, the effective volumetric capacity of which is controlled by a second piston or plunger 66, having a hydraulic leather 6'! on its front face, and urged forwardly by a coil compression spring 68, interposed between the rear surface thereof and a cap 68, threaded on the rear end of the piston skirt 49.

The interiors of the cylinder 45 and of the reservoir 65 are filled with a body of liquid, such as oil. Filling openings for this purpose are provided at 10 and II, and an air vent opening at 12. With the cylinder and reservoir thus filled with a continuous body of liquid, the tendency of springs 58 and 68 is to distend the parts, or to move the piston 48 toward the left and the cylinder 45 toward the right. Hence, when the piston and cylinder assembly is positioned as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the normally fixed jaw is urged toward the rim [3, but movement in this direction is limited, as described above, by the tie-bolt 35 and associated parts.

Normal crushing pressures, applied from the positively actuated, movable jaw (rim i3) to each jaw 20 are resisted by the body of liquid in the cylinder 45, since normal crushing pressures are insufficient to open the valve 53, normally maintained in closed position by the spring 56. Flow of liquid from the cylinder through the passage 69 in the valve toward the reservoir 65 is prevented by the check valve 6|. Thus, the normally confined body of liquid in the cylinder 45, ahead of the piston 48 prevents displacement of the piston under normal crushing pressures.

If abnormal pressures are applied to either of the jaws 29, for instance, by the introduction of a non-crushable object into the crushing zone, the forces applied to the assembly 21 by the jaw support is so great that the pressure of the confined body of liquid overcomes the force of spring 56 and quickly opens the valve 53, thereby permitting the liquid to flow rapidly through the aperture 58 in the piston head, into the reservoir 65, with consequent displacement of piston 49 and displacement in the opposite direction of the second piston or plunger 66, against the force of spring 68. Thus, the normally fixed jaw and jaw support are displaced by the relative collapse of the hydraulic release device. As the positively actuated movable jaw recedes from the displaced, normally fixed jaw, the latter is prevented from immediately assuming its original position or following the receding movable jaw. As soon as the excessive pressure is relieved, by this receding movement, valve 53 immediately closes, prevent ing the return flow of liquid from the reservoir 65 to the cylinder 45 through the large opening 59. The liquid tends to return through the passage 60 in valve 53, past check valve 6|, under the influence of pressure imparted to the liquid by spring 68, behind the second piston or plunger 65, but this return flow is retarded by the restricted size of the passage 69. Hence, the displaced jaw 28 cannot follow the rapidly moving positively actuated jaw in each receding cycle. As a result, the non-crushable object will quickly pass through the crushing zone for discharge, whereupon the return flow of liquid through the passage 68 will return the parts to their original position for continued operation of the crusher in the normal manner.

The form of the invention shown in Figure 3 is similar in many respects to crushers known as jaw crushers. A movable jaw 15, pivoted at its upper end on a shaft 16, carried by the machine frame 11, has one or more jaw plates 18 secured to its front face. Swinging movement is imparted to the jaw support 15 by toggle links 19, 88, interposed between a frame-supported block 8|, a pitman 82 and the back of the jaw support, the pitman being mounted upon an eccentric portion 83 of a transverse shaft, journalled in the machine frame and having a heavy fly wheel 84 thereon. The lower end of the swinging jaw 15 may be connected to a rearwardly extending tension rod 85, extending through an apertured lug 86 on the machine frame, with a compression spring 81 interposed between the lug and a washer 88 held. on the rod by nuts 89. The tension rod serves to maintain the toggle links constantly under compression and assures return movement or retraction of the swinging jaw.

Facing the swinging jaw plates 18 is a normally fixed jaw, in this case comprised of a plurality of parts or sections, including an upper jaw plate 98 rigidly secured to a part 9| of the machine frame, and a pair of lower jaw plates 92, mounted upon a pair of independent displaceable jaw supports 93, 94. The supports arepivoted at their upper ends upon a transverse shaft carried by the machine frame and, at their lower ends are provided with integral, downwardly extending arms 96, to which rearwardly extending tie- bolts 97, 98 are connected, the latter being extended through apertured lugs 99, I00, formed integrally with the machine frame.

Adjusting nuts fll'l, I02 are threaded on the ends of the tie-bolts, to limit the degree of forward movement of the jaw supports 93 and 94 and the jaw plates 92 carried thereby.

The machine frame is shaped to provide a pair of parallel sockets I05, I05, for the reception of the spring loaded hydraulic release and reset assemblies 21, which may be identical to the one previously described and shown in detail in Figure 6. The assemblies are preferably held in place behind the jaw supports 53 and M- by wedge bars Nil, driven through diametric openings in the sockets, as previously described.

This construction has the advantage that, when a non-crushable object enters the crushing zone, between one of the normally fixed jaw plates 92, that particular plate and its support 93 or 94 may be displaced rearwardly, without affecting the other one. As a result, undue twisting strains are not imparted to the normally fixed jaw andto the supporting shaft 95 therefor.

The space in the crushing zone is controlled in the same manner as previously described, by adjusting thenuts Hi! and I 02 on the tie-bolts 9'1 and 98.

In themodificationshown in Figure 5, the normally fixed crushing jaw is made up of a pair of jaw plates H9, Ill, carried by a single support I H2, pivoted upon a shaft I l3. carried by the machine frame. A single hydraulic release and reset device 21 is mounted'in a socket H t. and the other parts may substantially the same as previously described.

The operation of the release and reset device frame, a positively actuated crushing jaw and a normally fixed, releasable crushing jaw, means for supporting the releasable jaw for displacement under the influence of abnormal crushing forces, comprising a unitary hydraulic selfcontained, bodily removable piston and cylinder assembly having a liquid reservoir associated therewith, a body of liquid in said assembly, a normally closed, spring loaded valve adapted to be opened upon overload to deliver liquid from the cylinder to the reservoir and to permit displacement of the piston and release of the support, a return passage of restricted size from the reservoir to the cylinder, and a spring pressed plunger operatively associated with the reservoir for causing retarded return flow of liquid to the cylinder upon termination of said overload.

2. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed and movable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device for supporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinder, a hollow piston slidable therein, a body of liquid in the cylinder, a normally closed spring loaded valve adapted upon overload to deliver liquid from the cylinder to the hollow piston interior, to permit displacement of the piston into the cylinder, a spring pressed plunger associated with said hollow piston causing return flow of liquid from the piston interior to the cylinder upon termination of said overload and means for retarding said return flow.

3. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed and movable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device for supporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinder having open and closed ends, a hollow piston in the open end having an apertured head, a body of liquid in the cylinder, a spring loaded valve normally closing the head aperture and preventing flow from the cylinder to the piston interior, but permitting such flow upon overload with consequent displacement of the piston into the cylinder and a spring in said cylinder bearing against the apertured head of the piston for returning the piston to its original position upon termination of overload.

4. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed and movable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device for supporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinder having open and closed ends, a hollow'piston in the open end having an apertured head, a body of liquid in the cylinder, a spring loaded valve normally closing the head aperture and preventing flow from the cylinder to the piston interior, but permitting such flow upon overload with consequent displacement of the piston into the cylinder, and means.for returning the piston to its original position upon termination of overload, the last mentioned means comprising a spring urging the piston toward the open end of the cylinder and a return passage of restricted size for the return flow of liquid from the piston interior to the cylinder.

5. A crusher in accordance with claim 4 characterized by the inclusion of a check valve in said return passage, permitting said return flow of liquid, but preventing the flow therethrough from the cylinder to the piston interior upon overload conditions.

6. In a crusher of the type having a; rigid frame and normally fixed'and movable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device for supporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinder having open and closed ends, a hollow piston in the open end having an apertured head, a body of liquid in the cylinder, 2. spring loaded valve normally closing the head aperture and preventing flow from the cylinder to the piston interior, but permitting such flow upon overload with consequent displacement of the piston into the cylinder, and means for returning the piston to its original position upon termination of overolad, the last mentioned means comprising a spring urging the piston toward the open end of the cylinder and a return passage of restricted size extending through the body of said valve for the return flow of liquid from the piston interior to the cylinder.

7. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed and movable crushing jaws,- an overload release and reset device for supporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinder having a closed forward end and an open rear end, a hollow piston in the open end having an apertured head facing the closed end of the cylinder, a body of liquid in the cylinder, a rearwardly opening, spring loaded valve normally closing the aperture in the piston head, a return passage of restricted size from the piston interior to the cylinder, a forwardly opening check valve associated therewith, a return spring urging the piston rearwardly and a spring pressed plunger in the piston interior, displaceable by liquid admitted thereto upon overload and discharging the liquid therefrom through said return passage and check valve upon resumption of normal load conditions.

8. In a crusher of the type having a rigid frame and normally fixed and movable crushing jaws, an overload release and reset device for supporting the normally fixed jaw, said device comprising a cylinder having a closed forward end and an open rear end, a piston having an apertured head in the cylinder facing the closed end thereof and a skirt projecting from the open end, providing a hollow interior constituting a liquid reservoir, a normally closed, spring loaded, rearwardly opening valve in the aperture in the piston head, adapted upon overload to discharge liquid from the cylinder into the reservoir and thereby permit displacement of the piston, said valve having a return flow passage of restricted size extending from the reservoir to the cylinder with a forwardly opening check valve therein, a second piston in said reservoir and spring means urging the latter toward the apertured head to return liquid through said passage into the cylinder upon termination of overload.

9. A crusher comprising a rigid frame, a positively driven crushing member supported by the frame, a normally fixed jaw disposed opposite said member and comprising a section rigidly fixed with respect to the frame and another section pivotally connected to the frame for relative displacement with respect thereto and facing the said member, a unitary, self-contained spring loaded hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly removably carried by the frame and urging said pivotally connected section of the jaw toward the member, and adjustable stop means limiting the movement of the pivoted jaw section toward said member under the influence of said assembly, thereby to control the crushing space between the jaw and the member, said assembly being collapsible when the pivoted jaw section is 4 subjected to overload crushing pressure, to permit displacement of said pivoted jaw section and including means for retarding the return of its parts to the normal position, determined by said stop means.

10. A crusher in accordance with claim 9 characterized in that the said jaw comprises an upper section rigidly carried by the frame and a plurality of lower sections disposed in side by side relation, pivoted to the frame adjacent their upper ends, and in that a separate spring loaded hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly is interposed between each of the last mentioned sections and the frame, below the pivotal connection thereof to the frame.

SAMUEL WILLIAM TRAYLOR, JR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 450,488 Howland Apr. 14, 1891 899,176 Mueller Sept. 22, 1908 1,062,580 Bolee May 27, 1913 1,397,377 Harpham Nov. 15, 1921 1,598,923 Mason Sept. 7, 1926 2,022,135 Newhouse Nov. 26, 1935 2,044,653 Wettlaufer June 16, 1936 2,079,882 Traylor May 11, 1937 2,098,290 Hinkle Nov. 9, 1937 2,182,900 McIlvried Dec. 12, 1939 2,424,198 Tauscher July 15, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 26,267 France May 8, 1923 10,213 Australia Nov. 18, 1932 423,588 Great Britain Feb. 4, 1935 491,986 Great Britain Sept. 13, 1938 502,705 Great Britain Mar. 23, 1939

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