US2712170A - Treatment of textile fabrics - Google Patents

Treatment of textile fabrics Download PDF

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Publication number
US2712170A
US2712170A US308223A US30822352A US2712170A US 2712170 A US2712170 A US 2712170A US 308223 A US308223 A US 308223A US 30822352 A US30822352 A US 30822352A US 2712170 A US2712170 A US 2712170A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fabric
yarns
liquid
interstices
weave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US308223A
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English (en)
Inventor
John K Phillips
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Original Assignee
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DENDAT235701D priority Critical patent/DE235701C/de
Priority to DENDAT220349D priority patent/DE220349C/de
Priority to BE522536D priority patent/BE522536A/xx
Application filed by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co filed Critical Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Priority to US308223A priority patent/US2712170A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2712170A publication Critical patent/US2712170A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C29/00—Finishing or dressing, of textile fabrics, not provided for in the preceding groups
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C2700/00—Finishing or decoration of textile materials, except for bleaching, dyeing, printing, mercerising, washing or fulling
    • D06C2700/26—Glossing of fabrics or yarns, e.g. silk-finish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/21—Nylon

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to a process for treating a textile fabric to reduce the fabric gauge and to lower its porosity by spreading the component yarns forming the fabric to' ribbons; V
  • the process of the present invention differs from and is not to be confused with an ironing or pressing operation which has for its primary object the smoothing or flattening of the material to remove wrinkles or other similar forms of surface irregularities;
  • the fabric is usually to insure a uniformly smooth surface on the treated 1 fabric.
  • the process of the present invention unlike the aforementioned ironing or pressing operation actuallyeifects changes internally of the fabric structure, principally in the physical characteristics of the yarns which formithc fabric.
  • This process which is hereinafter g'enerally freferred to as steam blasting of fabric, contemplates the substantially instantaneous application of heat'at'frelatively high temperatures to a wet fabric while it isbeing confined or restrained in its cross-sectional dimension.
  • the liquid contained in the fabric is insta'ntan'e' ously converted into vapor by the heat applied tothe fabric. Since the fabric is restrained on both surfaces thereof, the expansive force of the vapor thus generated internally of the fabric is concentrated in the longitudinal any one class of yarns whether they be of natural or synthetic origin.
  • Theprocess is especially well adapted to be employed with fabrics comprising yarns which are readily wetted with liquids, in particular those liquids which volatilize readily upon application of heat.
  • the steam blasting process is applicable broadly to fabricsformed of multiple filament or fibrous yarns as opposed to the monofils and to the use of any type of liquids which will satisfactorily wet the yarn. Wetting of the yarn contemplates the complete permeation of the yarns by the liquid. Obviously, the selection of the liquid for application to the fabric to be treatedshould be such that the yarns composing the fabric will not be dissolved or otherwise deleteriously affected thereby.
  • the physico-chemical characteristics of the yarns comprising the fabric will necessarily determine not only the selection of the liquid to be used in wetting the yarn but also in the determination of temperatures to be used in the heating operation;
  • rnnaaliquid having a relatively low volatility may be yarns to guardagainst defects in the required to 'wet the finished fabric.
  • the opposed confining surfaces applied to both sides of the fabric be heated and rigid so as to insure that the quick volatilization of the liquid in the individual yarns of the fabric will produce internal forces in the yarns s'uclithat they will spread and become flattened.
  • the opposed con fining surfaces must also be capable of being-adjustably positioned to apredetermined spacing.
  • the steam blasting process of the present invention may be appliedequally advantageously to a variety of different types of fabric construction or weave such, for example, as twiILVsate'en', plain, basket or the like as well as to a combination different constructions.
  • the process of the present invention is not to be limited to fabrics made from a steam blasted woven textile fabric which will require,
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings represents a plan'view'of a partial segment of fabric of'plain weave design before being tion. of the accompanying sheet of drawings which illustreated in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
  • Fig.2j is an 'enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 2--2 in Figfl.
  • Fig. 3 is a .plan view corresponding generally toFig. 1- illust rating the samesegment of fabric shown in Fig. 1 after having been subjected to treatment inJaccOrdance with the presentlinvention. .Fig.
  • FIG. 4 is, a cross-sectional view t ken ami uy alo the line 4-4 in Fig. 3.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 correspond generally to Figs. 2 and 4 and illustrate graphically one 'of the:
  • a partial segment of untreated plain weave fabric with which the teachings of the present invention are advantageously employed is identified generally by the reference character 1.
  • the fabric segment 1 is constructed from the yarns 2 and 3 comprising the warp and fill, respectively.
  • the yarns 2 and 3 are substantially circular in cross section.
  • This crosssectional configuration of the yarns 2 and 3 although slightly exaggerated in Fig. 2, clearly demonstrates the limitation which this factor places on the ability to construct a fabric of closed or relatively non-porous character.
  • the fabric 1 has a large number of large openings or interstices 4 formed between the warp and fill yarns 2 and 3.
  • the fabric segment 6 shown in Fig. 3 illustrates very well the beneficial effects produced by the practice of the present invention on all forms of fabric.
  • the individual warp and fill yarns 7 and 8 have undergone a distinct change in cross-sectional shape from a generally circular to a substantially elliptical cross section. This is accomplished by dispersing the filaments composing the yarns 2 and 3 through use of explosive forces in the yarns into a relationship such that the shape of the yarns 7 and 8 will be more nearly that of a flat ribbon.
  • the resultant fabric 6 will be much less porous and the interstices, which were previously of the size of the openings 4 in the weave, will thereafter be materially reduced to a size comparable to those identified by the reference character 9 in Fig. 3.
  • the resultant gauge 10 of the treated fabric 6 is reduced to the extent indicated in Fig. 4.
  • This machine or steam blasting apparatus which is identified generally by the reference character 11 is in the nature of a conventional calendering apparatus. It differs principally therefrom in that it is designed so that the heating elements thereof will merely constrain the fabricwhile it is being treated.
  • the steam blasting apparatus 11 embodies a frame 12 comprising the pairs of vertical members 13, 14 and 15 and cross members 16. At the uppermost end of the vertical members 13 are bearings 17 supporting a roll 18 having a supply 19 of untreated fabric 2 thereon.
  • the fabric 2 is directed from the supply 19 under a suitably mounted roller 20 submerged in a body of liquid 21 contained in a tank 22 supported by means of a bracket 23 upon the pair of vertical members 13 of the frame 12.
  • the liquid 21 may be heated if desired. 7
  • the untreated fabric 2, now thoroughly wet, is passed over a convenient guide roller 24 which may be freely rotatably mounted in any suitable fashion from the frame 12 and thence between the heated cylinders or drums 25 and 26.
  • the drums 25 and 26 are heated by any suitable medium such, for example, as high pressure steam.
  • thermostatic control (not shown) may be employed to maintain the temperature of the drums within certain predetermined limits and to prevent any marked fluctuation in the drum temperatures.
  • one of the drums 25 and 26 be adjustably mounted to insure a predetermined degree of constraint upon the wet fabric 2 as it passes therebetween.
  • the gap 29 between the drums 25 and 26 must be capable of adjustment within carefully controlled predetermined limits. This is accomplished by providing an adjustable mounting means 30 for the top drum 25 on the pair of vertical members 15 of the frame 12.
  • the adjustable mounting means 30 comprises a pair of guides 31 and 32 suitably mounted on each of the vertical members 15 to support the floating bearing block 33-carrying one end of the shaft 34 of the drum 25.
  • the position of the bearing block 33 in the guides 31, 32 is determined by the screw 35 threaded through the plate 36.
  • a hand wheel 37 is provided to adjust the screw 35.
  • the shaft 38 of the drum 26 is mounted in fixed bearings (not shown) supported by each of the vertical members 15.
  • the drums 25' and 26 are arranged to be driven by a chain 39 and sprockets 40, 41 from a suitable change speed drive unit 42.
  • the positive drive of the drums 25 and 26 is assured by the provision of the gear-train embodying gears 43, 44, 45 and 46.
  • This drive arrangement insures a predetermined speed of travel of the untreated fabric 2 through the gap 29 between the drums 25 and 26 and the treated fabric 6 into the windup package 47 v on the roll 48 supported on the vertical members 14 of the frame 12.
  • the roll 48 is adapted to be rotated by the sprocket 49 and chain 50 from the drive unit 42 in properly timed relation to the delivery of the treated fabric 6 from the gap 29. It will be apparent that, as the package 47 on the roll 48 builds up, it is desirable to have the wind-up speed reduced uniformly to insure that minimum tension is introduced in the fabric.
  • the treated fabric 6 comprising the package 47 is now ready for any desired subsequent treatment or for any other use to which it is to be subjected.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 One of the distinct advantages which is readily apparent as a direct result of the steam blasting treatment is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7.
  • fabric which is composed of the yarns 51, has a multiplicity of interstices 52 and, when the fabric is subjected to a coating 53 of rubber or other suitable material to render the fabric gas-impervious, it is apparent that a very appreciable quantity of the compound is required to fill the voids created by the interstices 52.
  • the steam blasted fabric shown in Fig. 7 is characterized by the ribbon-like yarns 54 which are closely spaced and the smaller interstices 55 'therebetween are capable of being closed by a smaller, quantity of the coating compound 56.
  • the steam blasting process effects changes internally of the fabric itself.
  • the liquid with which the fabric is saturated penetrates into the voids between the several fibers or filaments comprising the yarns which are fabricated into the fabric.
  • the liquid is volatilized and the sudden creation of vapor, when it is prevented from escaping except in the lateral or longitudinal dimension of the fabric itself, exerts a force which tends to rearrange the fibers or filaments of the yarns causing them to spread out in the manner graphically shown in Figs. 2 and 4 of the drawing with the results hereinbefore described.
  • the fibers or filaments 57 shown in the yarn 3 in Fig. 2 are spread apart and rearranged to the positions identified by the reference numeral 58 in the yarn 7 as shown in Fig. 4.
  • This redisposition of the fibers or filaments in the yarns comprising the fabric is brought about by What corresponds to an explosive action of the liquid as it is changed into vapor form. Since, due to the re- In Fig. 6, the untreated strictive action of the rigid surfaces disposed above and below the fabric, the explosive action is confined to the plane of the fabric, the filaments can only move in that direction, hence the flattening effect.
  • Example 1 A sample of 2 x 2, 4.5 ounces per square yard, basket weave Fortisan (a saponified acetate rayon) fabric con structed of cabled yarn, was thoroughly soaked in water. The wet fabric sample was passed througha pair of heated rolls in whichthe spacing of the rolls was preset to a predetermined gauge and the roll temperature maintained at 350 Fahrenheit. A control sample of the material was run through the same rolls.
  • Example 2 Samples of 2 x 2, 3.5 ounces per square yard, basket weave Fortisan fabric were tested under the same conditions as those employed in Example 1. Here,however, the effect of steam blasting upon fabrics which had been treated to improve their flex resistance characteristics was investigated. Fabrics specially treated to enhance their flex resistance exhibit a higher porosity and increased gauge than the original untreated fabric of the same construction.
  • a sample of fabric which had been specially treated to enhance its flex resistance was substituted for the control sample employed in Example 1.
  • the original untreated fabric had an air porosity of 30.2 cubic feet per minute per square foot.
  • the control sample having improved flex resistance had an air porosity of 273.6 cubic feet per minute per square foot while the sample having improved flex resistance when steam blasted exhibited an improved air porosity of 51.8 cubic feet per minute per square foot.
  • the gauge of the samples in the order of reference men tioned above was .0075, .0120 and .0050 inch respectively.
  • Example 3 Similar steam blasting tests were made on a plain weave fabric of essentially no twist rayon.
  • the air porosity rate for the untreated control sample was 189.0 cubic feet per minute per square foot and the steam blasted sample was 56.7 cubic feet per minute per square foot.
  • the gauge was reduced by the steam blasting treatment from .0120 to .0070. It is interesting to note also that the initial tensile strength of the untreated fabric was 501 pounds in the warp and 450 pounds in the fill. After steam blasting, the tensile strength'of the same fabric was 545 pounds in the warp and 479 pounds in the fill.
  • Example 4 A sample of 5 x 5, 5.5 ounces per square yard, basket weave cotton fabric was found to have an air porosity rate of 116 cubic feet per minute per squarefoot and.
  • time-temperature relationship for the steam blasting process will vary considerably with the type of fabric being steam blasted and the liquid content of the fabric, but the following examples will serve generally to define what is meant by the term instantaneously when employed herein to indicate the rate at which the liquid, is converted to vapor.
  • the process of steam blast- 5 comprising the fabric to reduce the gauge and lower the porosity thereof which comprises the steps of saturating the yarns of which the fabric is formed with a liquid which volatilizes at a temperature lower than that at which a deleterious effect is produced upon the yarns themselves, whereby the liquid is dispersed between the component filaments of each of the yarns in the fabric in orderto saturate the same; passing the saturated fabric between confining structures which are spaced apart to a predetermined gauge and which are heated to a temperature in excess of the boiling point of the liquid saturant,
  • the liquid in the individual yarns of the fabric is .volatilized substantially instantaneously; and constraining the fabric between said spaced-apart confining structnres in a direction normal to the plane of the fabric concomitantly with the heating step, whereby the volatilization of the liquid in the yarns exerts a vapor pressure within the yarns of the fabric which spreads the filaments in the yarns causing them to substantially fill the interstices in the weave of the fabric.
  • the process of steam blasting the fabric to reduce the gauge and lower the porosity thereof which comprises the steps of applying water to the fabric, whereby the water is dispersed between the several component filaments of each yarn in the fabric in order to saturate the same; passing the saturated fabric at the rate of from about 1.5 to 3.5 feet per minute between rolls which are spaced apart to a predetermined gauge, said rolls being heated to a temperature in the range of about 350450 Fahrenheit, whereby the water dispersed in the yarns of the fabric is converted into steam; and preventing the escape from the fabric of the steam so formed in any direction other than that corresponding to the lateral and longitudinal dimensions of the fabric, whereby the vapor pressure exerted by the steam within the yarns rearrange the individual filaments of the yarns thereby causing them to flatten and thereby causing them to substantially fill the interstices in the weave of the fabric.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US308223A 1952-09-06 1952-09-06 Treatment of textile fabrics Expired - Lifetime US2712170A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DENDAT235701D DE235701C (fr) 1952-09-06
DENDAT220349D DE220349C (fr) 1952-09-06
BE522536D BE522536A (fr) 1952-09-06
US308223A US2712170A (en) 1952-09-06 1952-09-06 Treatment of textile fabrics

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2809089A (en) * 1954-08-11 1957-10-08 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Process of making regenerated cellulose balloon fabric comprising shrinking with strong alkali and steam blasting and product produced thereby
US2828528A (en) * 1956-12-12 1958-04-01 Du Pont Finishing polyester fabrics
US2902037A (en) * 1955-05-25 1959-09-01 Kimberly Clark Co Sanitary napkin
US3075274A (en) * 1959-09-23 1963-01-29 Appleton Mills Method of making and finishing papermaker's felts
US3096557A (en) * 1961-01-03 1963-07-09 Du Pont Process for hot-wet calendering fabrics
US3329562A (en) * 1960-06-01 1967-07-04 Clupak Inc Apparatus for producing uncreped extensible paper
US3731351A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-05-08 Monsanto Co Process of manufacturing tightly woven acrylic fabric
US3918134A (en) * 1973-04-04 1975-11-11 Johnson & Johnson Drapery fabrics and methods of making the same
US3991449A (en) * 1971-06-09 1976-11-16 Kanegafuchi Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha Process for finishing textured knitted fabrics
FR2369376A1 (fr) * 1976-10-27 1978-05-26 Avon Rubber Co Ltd Etoffe enduite
EP1072214A2 (fr) * 1999-07-01 2001-01-31 Filtertek, Inc. Tete de distribution de produit semi-solide
US20060084336A1 (en) * 1999-08-10 2006-04-20 Warwick Mills, Inc. High strength lightweight composite fabric with low gas permeability

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2626308B1 (fr) * 1988-01-25 1990-06-29 Tordo Louis Espagnolette de securite dont la poignee de manoeuvre et de blocage vient se placer du cote du bouton de manoeuvre, sur un support fixe sur un battant et du cote de l'axe d'articulation, sur un autre support fixe sur l'autre battant

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US448439A (en) * 1891-03-17 Jamin lee
US2060661A (en) * 1933-02-03 1936-11-10 Samcoe Holding Corp Fabric treating process
US2338391A (en) * 1939-12-22 1944-01-04 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for producing preshrune fabrics
US2365931A (en) * 1941-02-13 1944-12-26 Du Pont Finishing of polyamide fabrics

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US448439A (en) * 1891-03-17 Jamin lee
US2060661A (en) * 1933-02-03 1936-11-10 Samcoe Holding Corp Fabric treating process
US2338391A (en) * 1939-12-22 1944-01-04 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for producing preshrune fabrics
US2365931A (en) * 1941-02-13 1944-12-26 Du Pont Finishing of polyamide fabrics

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2809089A (en) * 1954-08-11 1957-10-08 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Process of making regenerated cellulose balloon fabric comprising shrinking with strong alkali and steam blasting and product produced thereby
US2902037A (en) * 1955-05-25 1959-09-01 Kimberly Clark Co Sanitary napkin
US2828528A (en) * 1956-12-12 1958-04-01 Du Pont Finishing polyester fabrics
US3075274A (en) * 1959-09-23 1963-01-29 Appleton Mills Method of making and finishing papermaker's felts
US3329562A (en) * 1960-06-01 1967-07-04 Clupak Inc Apparatus for producing uncreped extensible paper
US3096557A (en) * 1961-01-03 1963-07-09 Du Pont Process for hot-wet calendering fabrics
US3731351A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-05-08 Monsanto Co Process of manufacturing tightly woven acrylic fabric
US3991449A (en) * 1971-06-09 1976-11-16 Kanegafuchi Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha Process for finishing textured knitted fabrics
US3918134A (en) * 1973-04-04 1975-11-11 Johnson & Johnson Drapery fabrics and methods of making the same
FR2369376A1 (fr) * 1976-10-27 1978-05-26 Avon Rubber Co Ltd Etoffe enduite
EP1072214A2 (fr) * 1999-07-01 2001-01-31 Filtertek, Inc. Tete de distribution de produit semi-solide
EP1072214A3 (fr) * 1999-07-01 2001-03-21 Filtertek, Inc. Tete de distribution de produit semi-solide
US6450722B1 (en) 1999-07-01 2002-09-17 Filtertek Inc. Semisolid product dispensing head
US20030095827A1 (en) * 1999-07-01 2003-05-22 Filtertek Inc. Semisolid product dispensing head
US6890119B2 (en) 1999-07-01 2005-05-10 Filtertek Inc. Semisolid product dispensing head
US20050133964A1 (en) * 1999-07-01 2005-06-23 Filterteck Inc. Semisolid product dispensing head
US20060084336A1 (en) * 1999-08-10 2006-04-20 Warwick Mills, Inc. High strength lightweight composite fabric with low gas permeability

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Publication number Publication date
BE522536A (fr)
DE235701C (fr)
DE220349C (fr)

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