US2657961A - Piston for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Piston for internal-combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US2657961A
US2657961A US149711A US14971150A US2657961A US 2657961 A US2657961 A US 2657961A US 149711 A US149711 A US 149711A US 14971150 A US14971150 A US 14971150A US 2657961 A US2657961 A US 2657961A
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United States
Prior art keywords
piston
metal powder
combustion engines
layer
ceramic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US149711A
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Lassberg Dietrich Von
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MAN AG
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MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
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Priority to US149711A priority Critical patent/US2657961A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F02F3/12—Pistons  having surface coverings on piston heads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49249—Piston making
    • Y10T29/49256—Piston making with assembly or composite article making
    • Y10T29/49258—Piston making with assembly or composite article making with thermal barrier or heat flow provision

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a piston for internal combustion engines.
  • the piston is made entirely or partly of sintered metallic and ceramic powders, the ceramic powder having special heat insulating and heat resistant properties and a high thermal shock resistance.
  • the whole piston or only the upper part thereof may consist of a homogeneous powder composition.
  • the mixing ratio is gradually changed, in such a way that the top of the piston consists of pure ceramic powder while the percentage of metal powder is gradually increased and the material consists of pure metal powder at a certain distance from the com-
  • the upper piston part consisting of this sintered mixture to a lower piston part consisting of metal without ceramic admixtures while avoiding the detrimental action of different coefiicients of thermal expansion at the joint.
  • a piston according to the present invention ensures an efiicient heat insulation without the requirement of a direct cooling.
  • the drawing shows an axial section of a piston having the invention applied thereto.
  • the top part of the piston I consists of a sintered mixture of a heat-insulating, heat-resistant powder, composed, for instance, of steatite and silicon carbide, with a metal powder, preferably iron powder,
  • the mixture is composed in such a way that the top face of the piston consists of heat insulating powder 2 containing little or no metal powder admixtures while the portion of the piston near the joint 3 between the top part I and the lower part 4 of the piston consists of pure metal powder, 1. e. of metal powder without ceramic admixtures.
  • the top part I of the piston is connected to the lower part 4 by sintering or welding.
  • the top part and the lower part. of a single piece, whereby the'joint 3' which in the first mentioned embodiment is not visible on the finished piston, will be dispensed with entirely.
  • the lower part of the piston would also consist of sintered metal powder, without ceramic admixtures.
  • transition zone between the homogeneous end parts consisting solely of ceramic powder or'solely'of metal powder, respectively, without'admixtures'of the other component, may then extend over a larger zone, but the piston rings 6 should already be disposed in a part of the piston body which is substantially screened from the heat produced by .the combustion above the piston, by the insulating layer consisting of thermally insulating powder 2 While the invention has been described in detail with respect to a now preferred example and embodiment of the invention it will be understood by those skilled in the art after understanding the invention, that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended, therefore, to cover all such changes and modifications in the appended claims.
  • a piston element for an internal combustion engine piston comprising a layer of sintered ceramic powder forming a top working surface of the element, an intermediate zone consisting of a sintered mixture of ceramic and metal powder, with the percentage of metal powder gradually increasing towards the bottom of the element, and a bottom part consisting of sintered metal powder substantially free of ceramic admixtures for attachment to said piston.
  • a composite piston for internal combustion engines having a top working surface and comprising sintered metal powder and ceramic material admixed in varying proportions in said piston, said ceramic material forming substantially all of said top surface providing a heat resistant, thermal shock resistant, heat insulat ing layer on said piston, and the proportion of metal powder in said admixture gradually increasing in said piston below said top surface.
  • a composite piston for internal combustion engines having a top working surface and comprising sintered metal powder and ceramic material admixed in varying proportions in said piston, said ceramic material forming substantially all of said top surface providing a heat resistant, thermal shock resistant, heat insulating layer on said piston, and the proportion of metal powder in said admixture gradually increasing up to 100% in portions of said piston more remote from said top surface.
  • a composite piston for internal combustion engines having a top working surface and comprising a sintered admixture of metal powder and ceramic material, said top surface being formed substantially entirely of said ceramic material and being substantially free of said metal powder providing a heat resistant, thermal shock resistant, heat insulating layer across the top of said piston and portions of said piston below said top surface being formed of continuously decreasing proportions of said ceramic material and continuously increasing proportions of said metal powder.
  • a heat insulating, heat resistant, thermal shock resistant top layer for attachment over the top working surface of a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a sintered admixture of metal powder and ceramic material, the proportions of said metal powder and said ceramic material continuously varying throughout 5.
  • a composite piston for internal combustion engines comprising at the top thereof a heat insulating, heat resistant, thermal shock resistant layer of sintered ceramic material and a solid metal portion below said ceramic layer, said ceramic material being admixed with and gradually blending into said solid metal portion at the interface thereof.
  • a composite piston for internal combustion engines comprising a'lower metal portion and a heat insulating, heat resistant, thermal shock resistant layer over the top of said lower portion, said layer comprising a sintered admixture of metal powder and ceramic material, the top sursaid layer with the top surface of said layer being formed substantially of said ceramic material and the bottom surface of said layer being formed substantially of metal providing a fusible metallic lower surface on said layer for attachment to said piston.

Description

1953 D. VON LASSBERG 2,657,961
PISTON FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed March 15, 1950 INVENTOR BY DIETRICH VON LASSBERG ATTORNEYS bustion chamber.
Patented Nov. 3, 1953 PISTON FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Dietrich von Lassberg, Augsburg, Germany, as-
signor to Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nm-nberg A. G., Augsburg, Germany, a corporation of Germany Application March. 15, 1950,.SerialNo.149,111
7 Claims. 1.
This invention relates to a piston for internal combustion engines.
It is the object of the present invention to provide. a. piston which is heat-resistant in case of very high, thermal stresseswithout requiring. artificial cooling and in which the. piston. body part bearing the piston rings is kept so. cool that sticking of the piston. rings is. safely prevented.
With this and further objects in view which will hereinafter appear, according to the present invention the piston is made entirely or partly of sintered metallic and ceramic powders, the ceramic powder having special heat insulating and heat resistant properties and a high thermal shock resistance. The whole piston or only the upper part thereof may consist of a homogeneous powder composition. According to a special feature of the invention, however, the mixing ratio is gradually changed, in such a way that the top of the piston consists of pure ceramic powder while the percentage of metal powder is gradually increased and the material consists of pure metal powder at a certain distance from the com- Thus it is possible to weld or sinter the upper piston part consisting of this sintered mixture to a lower piston part consisting of metal without ceramic admixtures while avoiding the detrimental action of different coefiicients of thermal expansion at the joint.
A piston according to the present invention ensures an efiicient heat insulation without the requirement of a direct cooling.
Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will be pointed out hereinafter and appear in the appended claims forming part of the application,
In the accompanying drawing a now preferred embodiment of the invention is shown by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
The drawing shows an axial section of a piston having the invention applied thereto. It will be seen that the top part of the piston I consists of a sintered mixture of a heat-insulating, heat-resistant powder, composed, for instance, of steatite and silicon carbide, with a metal powder, preferably iron powder, The mixture is composed in such a way that the top face of the piston consists of heat insulating powder 2 containing little or no metal powder admixtures while the portion of the piston near the joint 3 between the top part I and the lower part 4 of the piston consists of pure metal powder, 1. e. of metal powder without ceramic admixtures. The top part I of the piston is connected to the lower part 4 by sintering or welding. However M u r it is also possible to make the top part and the lower part. of a single piece, whereby the'joint 3' which in the first mentioned embodiment is not visible on the finished piston, will be dispensed with entirely. In this case, the lower part of the piston would also consist of sintered metal powder, without ceramic admixtures. The transition zone between the homogeneous end parts consisting solely of ceramic powder or'solely'of metal powder, respectively, without'admixtures'of the other component, may then extend over a larger zone, but the piston rings 6 should already be disposed in a part of the piston body which is substantially screened from the heat produced by .the combustion above the piston, by the insulating layer consisting of thermally insulating powder 2 While the invention has been described in detail with respect to a now preferred example and embodiment of the invention it will be understood by those skilled in the art after understanding the invention, that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended, therefore, to cover all such changes and modifications in the appended claims.
Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:
1. A piston element for an internal combustion engine piston, comprising a layer of sintered ceramic powder forming a top working surface of the element, an intermediate zone consisting of a sintered mixture of ceramic and metal powder, with the percentage of metal powder gradually increasing towards the bottom of the element, and a bottom part consisting of sintered metal powder substantially free of ceramic admixtures for attachment to said piston.
2. A composite piston for internal combustion engines having a top working surface and comprising sintered metal powder and ceramic material admixed in varying proportions in said piston, said ceramic material forming substantially all of said top surface providing a heat resistant, thermal shock resistant, heat insulat ing layer on said piston, and the proportion of metal powder in said admixture gradually increasing in said piston below said top surface.
3. A composite piston for internal combustion engines having a top working surface and comprising sintered metal powder and ceramic material admixed in varying proportions in said piston, said ceramic material forming substantially all of said top surface providing a heat resistant, thermal shock resistant, heat insulating layer on said piston, and the proportion of metal powder in said admixture gradually increasing up to 100% in portions of said piston more remote from said top surface.
4. A composite piston for internal combustion engines having a top working surface and comprising a sintered admixture of metal powder and ceramic material, said top surface being formed substantially entirely of said ceramic material and being substantially free of said metal powder providing a heat resistant, thermal shock resistant, heat insulating layer across the top of said piston and portions of said piston below said top surface being formed of continuously decreasing proportions of said ceramic material and continuously increasing proportions of said metal powder.
face of said layer being formed substantially entirely of said ceramic material and the lower surface of said layer being formed substantially entirely of said sintered metal powder providing a fusible joining of said layer with said lower metal portion.
'7. A heat insulating, heat resistant, thermal shock resistant top layer for attachment over the top working surface of a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a sintered admixture of metal powder and ceramic material, the proportions of said metal powder and said ceramic material continuously varying throughout 5. A composite piston for internal combustion engines comprising at the top thereof a heat insulating, heat resistant, thermal shock resistant layer of sintered ceramic material and a solid metal portion below said ceramic layer, said ceramic material being admixed with and gradually blending into said solid metal portion at the interface thereof.
6. A composite piston for internal combustion engines comprising a'lower metal portion and a heat insulating, heat resistant, thermal shock resistant layer over the top of said lower portion, said layer comprising a sintered admixture of metal powder and ceramic material, the top sursaid layer with the top surface of said layer being formed substantially of said ceramic material and the bottom surface of said layer being formed substantially of metal providing a fusible metallic lower surface on said layer for attachment to said piston.
DIETRICH VON LASSBERG.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,462,655 Philip July 24, 1923 2,202,838 Dake June 4, 1940 2,362,353 Cate Nov. 7, 1944 e FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 495,824 Great Britain Nov. 14, 1938
US149711A 1950-03-15 1950-03-15 Piston for internal-combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US2657961A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2970020A (en) * 1958-12-01 1961-01-31 Gen Motors Corp Internal combustion engine piston
US3065073A (en) * 1958-06-09 1962-11-20 Aluminium Ind Ag Method for producing composite bodies of aluminum and sintered aluminum powder
US3082752A (en) * 1961-04-04 1963-03-26 Reynolds Metals Co Lined engine members and methods of making the same or the like
US3148981A (en) * 1961-04-21 1964-09-15 Nat Beryllia Corp Metal-oxide gradient ceramic bodies
US3149409A (en) * 1959-12-01 1964-09-22 Daimler Benz Ag Method of producing an engine piston with a heat insulating layer
US4254621A (en) * 1978-03-27 1981-03-10 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Heat-insulating layer to prevent temperature drop of combustion gas in internal combustion engine
EP0027782A1 (en) * 1979-08-30 1981-04-29 Conort Engineering Ab Process for achieving stoichiometric combustion in two-stroke Otto engines, and system therefor
US4334507A (en) * 1976-09-01 1982-06-15 Mahle Gmbh Piston for an internal combustion engine and method for producing same
US4343229A (en) * 1978-06-15 1982-08-10 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Assembled piston for engine
WO1985002804A1 (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-04 Ford Motor Company Method of making and apparatus for composite pistons
WO1985002805A1 (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-04 Ford Motor Company Method and apparatus for modifying the combustion chamber of an engine to accept ceramic liners
US4538562A (en) * 1982-12-03 1985-09-03 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Engine part
DE3611165A1 (en) * 1985-04-04 1986-10-16 Ford-Werke AG, 5000 Köln CERAMIC / METAL PISTON COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
US4751871A (en) * 1985-04-04 1988-06-21 Ficht Gmbh Multisectional piston with plural ceramic parts and rigidly connected piston rod for use in horizontally opposed piston internal combustion engine
US4798770A (en) * 1981-09-24 1989-01-17 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Heat resisting and insulating light alloy articles and method of manufacture
US4877257A (en) * 1987-08-19 1989-10-31 Ide Russell D Piston ring
US5161908A (en) * 1987-04-06 1992-11-10 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Joined structure comprising members of different coefficients of thermal expansion and joining method thereof
US5163770A (en) * 1985-12-11 1992-11-17 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method of bonding members having different coefficients of thermal expansion
US5404639A (en) * 1980-07-02 1995-04-11 Dana Corporation Composite insulation for engine components

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1462655A (en) * 1922-08-30 1923-07-24 Charles W Philip Piston and method of manufacturing the same
GB495824A (en) * 1936-05-14 1938-11-14 Vogt Hans Improvements in or relating to porous metal bearing composition
US2202838A (en) * 1938-03-09 1940-06-04 Charles W Dake Internal combustion engine piston
US2362353A (en) * 1942-08-29 1944-11-07 Fulton Sylphon Co Elements of compressed and sintered powders

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1462655A (en) * 1922-08-30 1923-07-24 Charles W Philip Piston and method of manufacturing the same
GB495824A (en) * 1936-05-14 1938-11-14 Vogt Hans Improvements in or relating to porous metal bearing composition
US2202838A (en) * 1938-03-09 1940-06-04 Charles W Dake Internal combustion engine piston
US2362353A (en) * 1942-08-29 1944-11-07 Fulton Sylphon Co Elements of compressed and sintered powders

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3065073A (en) * 1958-06-09 1962-11-20 Aluminium Ind Ag Method for producing composite bodies of aluminum and sintered aluminum powder
US2970020A (en) * 1958-12-01 1961-01-31 Gen Motors Corp Internal combustion engine piston
US3149409A (en) * 1959-12-01 1964-09-22 Daimler Benz Ag Method of producing an engine piston with a heat insulating layer
US3082752A (en) * 1961-04-04 1963-03-26 Reynolds Metals Co Lined engine members and methods of making the same or the like
US3148981A (en) * 1961-04-21 1964-09-15 Nat Beryllia Corp Metal-oxide gradient ceramic bodies
US4334507A (en) * 1976-09-01 1982-06-15 Mahle Gmbh Piston for an internal combustion engine and method for producing same
US4254621A (en) * 1978-03-27 1981-03-10 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Heat-insulating layer to prevent temperature drop of combustion gas in internal combustion engine
US4343229A (en) * 1978-06-15 1982-08-10 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Assembled piston for engine
EP0027782A1 (en) * 1979-08-30 1981-04-29 Conort Engineering Ab Process for achieving stoichiometric combustion in two-stroke Otto engines, and system therefor
US5404639A (en) * 1980-07-02 1995-04-11 Dana Corporation Composite insulation for engine components
US4798770A (en) * 1981-09-24 1989-01-17 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Heat resisting and insulating light alloy articles and method of manufacture
US4538562A (en) * 1982-12-03 1985-09-03 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Engine part
WO1985002804A1 (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-04 Ford Motor Company Method of making and apparatus for composite pistons
WO1985002805A1 (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-07-04 Ford Motor Company Method and apparatus for modifying the combustion chamber of an engine to accept ceramic liners
DE3611165A1 (en) * 1985-04-04 1986-10-16 Ford-Werke AG, 5000 Köln CERAMIC / METAL PISTON COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
US4751871A (en) * 1985-04-04 1988-06-21 Ficht Gmbh Multisectional piston with plural ceramic parts and rigidly connected piston rod for use in horizontally opposed piston internal combustion engine
US5163770A (en) * 1985-12-11 1992-11-17 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method of bonding members having different coefficients of thermal expansion
US5161908A (en) * 1987-04-06 1992-11-10 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Joined structure comprising members of different coefficients of thermal expansion and joining method thereof
US4877257A (en) * 1987-08-19 1989-10-31 Ide Russell D Piston ring

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