US2596555A - Wheel dressing and forming apparatus - Google Patents

Description

May 13, 1952 N. HOGLUND WHEEL DRESSING AND FORMING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 16, 1946 y 1952 N. HOGLUND WHEEL DRESSING AND FORMING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 16, 1946 May 13, 1952 N. HOGLUND 2,596,555

WHEEL DRESSING AND FORMING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 16, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fly. 5

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11 =10 HS'INH INVENTOR 7mm l N/LS HOGLUND air/mm Patented May 13, 1952 WHEEL DRESSING AND FORMING APPARATUS Nils Hoglund, Union, N. J., assignor to Hoglund Engineering and Manufacturing Company, Inc., Berkeley Heights, J.

Application August 16, 1946, Serial No. 691,101

13 Claims. 1

My invention relates generally to wheel dressing devices, more particularly to devices for dressing, truing and forming desired profiles on grinding wheels.

In one form of conventional dressing equipment where the contour of a templet is reproduced on the grinding surface of a grinding Wheel on a reduced scale, a pantograph arrangement of complicated design is normally employed so as to transfer the contour from the templet to the surface of the wheel being dressed as the tool is moved across the surface of the wheel. This usually involves complicated link mechanism for this purpose. Normally wheel dressing devices are permanently fixed to the grinding equipment and are heavy and bulky. With the conventional dressing equipment it is diilicult to provide contours where sharp or undercut contours are desired on the grinding wheel. Controls for these devices in the past have not been as simple and effective as desired and thus required the use of skilled labor to produce the desired contour on a grinding wheel.

In addition to this, wear on the tool, usually a diamond, caused inaccurate reproduction of the contour from the templet. In present devices great difliculty is encountered in replacing or substituting a dressing tool when set into the tool holder since it requires considerable skill to centralize the diamond. This consumes considerable time in changing diamonds after they are worn and have to be replaced. Even skilled mechanics have difiiculty in replacing the diamonds accurately so far as proper centering is concerned. This is a cause for inaccurate work being done and cannot be tolerated where close limits are a criterion. It is also diflicult in devices available to dress to sharp angles and in some cases to dress more than a one radius contour. A principal object of my invention, therefore, is to provide a simple and effective wheel dressing and forming device of improved design.

Another object of my invention is to prov de such a device which dispenses with the need of a pantograph arrangement for reproducing on a reduced scale the contour of a templet on a grinding wheel.

Another object of my invention is to provide such a device which may be easily and qu ckly moved from machine to machine and quickly set up.

A further object of my invention is to provide such a device in which the dressing tool can be manipulated to produce contours of small.

2 radius or arcs and having sharp angles or breaks and of more than one radius.

A further object of my invention is to provide such a device which can be easily and effectively controlled and operated by an unskilled operator.

A still further object of my invention is to provide such a device providing for predetermined accurate setting and centering of the dressing diamond when removed for sharpening and resetting in the tool holder, or for inserting a diamond for roughing or another diamond for finishing.

The novel features which I believe to be characteristic of my invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims, but the invention itself will best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which Figure l is a plan view of a wheel forming or wheel dressing device employing my invention, Figure 2 is an enlarged detailed section taken along the line 2-2 of Figure 1, Figure 3 is a left hand end view of Figure 1, Figure 4 is a side elevation of Figure 1 and Figure 5 is a planview showing apparatus made according to my invention in one stage of operation and with a templet :in place.

Briefly, my apparatus comprises a tool supporting unit or assembly for providing longitudinal and transverse movement of the tool with respect to the workp ece or wheel being dressed or formed. This assembly is mounted on a base which also supports the mechanism .for causing the longitudinal and lateral or transverse movement of the tool under accurately and finely controlled operating conditions. The base, the tool supporting assembly and the operating mechanism are all mounted for movement toward and from the workpiece under micrometer controlled movement.

The tool supporting assembly comprises an arm pivoted at one end on a sl de and pivotally supports a dressing tool. usually a diamond, and

' at its free end a templet follower or tracer connected by a link to the dressing tool so that the templet and tool may be rotated simultaneously about parallel vertical axes parallel to the axis of rotation of the supporting arm. The assembly and slide are moved along a longitudinal path by hydraulic means.

.ries a it-emplet which is engaged by the templet follower or tracer, so that as the dressing tool is moved along a longitudinal path it is also caused to have a traversing movement by maintaining the templet follower in contact with the surface of the templet for reproducing the contour he tethrlet the e f h a Whe In he he termites: the a the em l on the surface of the grinding wheel on a reduced scale, the relationship of the parts is made such that a ten to one reduction or any other ratio reduction may be obtained; while, at; the same time accurately controlling the movement of the dressing tool.

Referring to the drawings Eigure there shown base It] on which "the tool support. assembly and manually controlled operating means is mounted. The tool support. assembly; com

prises the arm or lever ll pivoted at itsj hand end in a manner; to be described in detail b le eh t rp n ne:- the e s t ol. I2, usuallya diamond, adjacentthppivot; of; the eh!!- T e ham e Q 9 f9 f it is ported piyotally' at the free end of the arm, the templet'followerbein provided with an arm- I5 and a handle Hi, the unit-beingpivotedby means of, the pivot stud orscrew- [1. "A linlr- I-8 connects the templet; follower and the toolso that rotationof the templet follower through a predetermined are will work a like rotation through 7 an ecuialare of the'diamonddressing tool Asbest shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the bracket t tor-supporting the tool is mounted ona stud intending through the arm 'I adjacent its ;S ivoted{ en A The arm is provided with a recess t?" in re vin the s p n herne 2-2-- th bearing 22 supports the'lower-end of bracket M which receives within itand -betvl-reen it and the stud atapered roller bearing 2-3. retained in place wa tes and nut- 25'. 'lfhis providesa good strong; rigid support which is capable. or withstanding-the stresses and strainsonthe tool during'dressingoperations.

The armWl on which-the tool support andits associated elements are mounted is pivotally supported as best-- shown in Figure 2 in a manner comparable to that of the diamond: tool holder.

A- sl ide 26 mounted for movement on. the slide guide 2;! on base l0 is provided with a stud-like element 28- of' enlarged diameter having a retaining' flange 28' at itslowerend. Surrounding this stud-like element and mounted within a recess in slide- 26' is a rollerand support bearing 29;; A collar 3 0' in the form ofja coveris mounted for rotation on this bearing: andsupports between it'and the retaining stud- 32 a taperedroller-bearing 3|. Screws 33'; hold the arm 1! on the rotatable collar io; Thus the arm H is securely and firmly fixed to thesli'de 26 for rotation about a vertical axis on: this slide;

v From what has been described: it will be apparent that the arm I I: may rotate about a vertical axis to cause transverse movement ofthe diamond dressing tool l2 and: templ'et follower l3: The ratio of; the arcs or arcuate paths travelled by tool l2 and the templet follower l3 7 can be-determinedbythe relationship-of the distransverse movement with respect to the movement of thetemplet follower.

"To provide longitudinal movement of the means of 'a bracket 46.

pr h Qi indien one side of the piston and is placed under compression when the slide 26 and cylinder 36 are moved from right to left. This spring of course insuresthe return of the slide and dressing' toolassemblywhen the manual operating means to be described is; operated to permit the flow of fluid from 'the movable cylinder back into the operating mechanism. v V

A manually operated fluid pressure generating mechanism: is provided forcausing-longitudinal movement of the dressing tool and: its associated elements. As shown in Figures l 3 and 4, this includes a cylinder 45. ftxed to the. base 1 0 by 7 V v This. cylinder eommunicates withthe movable cylinder 36 through a conduit M. Received withinthev cylinder 65 is an elongated hollow: pistondfi: which forces fluid under pressure from cylinder 15 into cylinder 36 I when the piston is-f'orced: into the cylinder 45.

This piston is: provided with an: apertureclosed by a screw. plug- 485* which is removed to permit entrappedam toiloe expelled from thefluid containingsystem when filled. supported by-bracketttlis slide guide'49 of: circu la rv cross section. Mountedv inrthe. upper sn-rtace OfFt-hi& slide. guideis rack 50. and: in, its under surface a key 5ft as best shown. in. Ei'gures 3 and 4. A. collar=liite slide- 52? is; mounted on. and slides along the,- slid'e guide 49. This? slide 52- is fastened tonne. ends'of the piston 48 by. means of the lug 53. and: has a. templet supportin plate 54". for supporting. a templ'et. 5'5; for purposes. to be de scribed. A pinion 56: rotatablyr mounted-on shaft 56." in the slide; 52 is manually operated and: can be finely. adjusted: by. means of the". knurled knob 51;. '11:. contacts: and cooperates; with rack 58. The. key 51:, or course, insures that the slides travel a linear path. 7

Thus when. the knurled knob E'Iz is rotated, the pinion 56; travels along rack. 50 forcing.- the slide 52 and the. piston 48. from leftto right. to force fluid from. cyiinder ifi through conduit 421? into 7 movable cylinder 316; the fluid passing through the hollow stem 4| into the space between the piston. Q0. and thelcylinder head. 31. This, forces the slide- 26; fromv right to. left along the slide guide '21:, thus causing the dressing tool totraverse a path from right to left. When the knurled knob is rotated in the oppositedirection 7 it permitsthe spring 42:, which was placed under compression by movement of the cylinder 36 from right to left to return the slide 26: and the dressing tool to retracted initial position.

Inasmuch. as it is desired to produce a reduction of movement of the dressingtool so asto accurately reproduce a templetpattern on a smaller scale, the cylinder 45 and-piston Mare-made with a smaller transversecross section thanpiston 40 v and cylinder 36' so that there i a smaller volu- M ount'ed' parallel to. and V metric displacement per unit of linear travel of the piston 48 as compared to linear travel of the movable cylinder 36. This can be made in any ratio desired. In this way a reduction of any ratio can be accomplished.

As best shown in Figure 5, when a wheel 65 is to be dressed to have a certain contour, a templet 55 of the desired form is mounted on the templet support 54. By rotating the pinion driving wheel 51 the slide 54 with its templet 55 is moved to the right and the slide 26 with the diamond tool and tracer is moved to the left during the dressing operation, the tool and tracer being manipulated by the handle It. The follower or tracer I3 is maintained in contact with the templet surface as the tool I2 and tracer are moved from right to'left across the templet reproducing the pattern of the templet on a smaller scale on the wheel 65 being dressed. Inasmuch as the templet moves with the slide 52 from left to right as the dressing tool l2 and follower l3 are moved from right to left, this differential is taken into consideration in determining the ratio of reduc-- tion so that if a to 1 ratio is desired, the tool will move one unit to the left as the piston 48 is moved 9 units to the right, producing a differential of 10 to 1, Likewise the tool is mounted in such position that the are through which it travels with respect to the are through which the follower travels also has a ratio of 1 to 10 so that longitudinal and transverse movement of the tool with respect to the templet has a ratio of l to 10.

Both tool and follower are mounted for simultaneous rotation so that the point of the dressing tool with respect to the work being dressed and the point of the follower with respect to the templet are always in corresponding positions. This prevents the diamond from being torn from its fastening and also permits the surface being dressed. to be contacted at the most desirable angle.

To provide for a fine adjustment of the tool toward and away from the surface being dressed, I provide sub-base 60 having a slide guide 6| on which the base [0 slides. Adjustment of base I0 on sub-base 60 is accomplished by means of the micrometer screw 52. Thus adjustment of the tool through all angles and for all longitudinal and transverse movements can be controlled within extremely fine lengths. possible to reproduce contours to .0002 of an inch or less.

As pointed out above, one of the great difficulties with tools of the kind under consideration is the replacing of the dressing tool l2, such that the diamond point is accurately centralized. The greatest difficulty with this adjustment is that great skill is required to centralize the diamond when placed in the tool holder. An interchange of the "diamond consumes a great deal of time. To save time, in the past the same diamond is used on the rough wheels as well as on the finishing wheels, which method is not th most efficient method of operation. It is desirable to change the diamond rapidly in a few seconds. It is also necessary to utilize different follower fingers with different diamonds, but both should be rapidly interchangeable. No problem is involved in changing the follower.

According to my invention, and as best shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4, the diamond l2 on the tool holder is mounted in a block Ill secured to the support ll on the top of the bracket I4 by means of cap screws 12. The block can thus be replaced in exactly the same position. To insure that the Thus it is easily diamond point is properly centered and centralized, I provide the block with three sets of set screws 13, I4 and 15 by which adjustment of the.

diamond point can be made while the block is positioned in an optical comparator device, where the dressing tool can be fixed and accurately adjusted in the block to within very fine limits from a chart on the comparator screen. Once this has been done it is only necessary to replace the block on the support and the tool will be automatically centralized, thus eliminating the need for experienced help.

While I have indicated the preferred embodiments of my invention of which I am now aware and have also indicated only one specific application for which my invention may be employed, it will be apparent that my invention is by no means limited to the exact forms illustrated or the use indicated, but that many variations may be made in the particular structure used and the purpose for which it is employed without departing from the scope of my invention as set forth. in the appended claims.

What I claim as new is:

1. A wheel forming device including a slide, fluid pressure operated means connected to said slide for moving said slide linearly, an arm pivoted at one end to said slide, a tool holder pivotally mounted on said arm adjacent its pivoted end, a tool supported on said tool holder, a templet, a. follower mounted on said arm at a point removed from its pivoted end and contacting and movable along the surface of said templet to control transverse movement of said tool, movable means controlling said fluid pressure operated means, said last means supporting said templet, said templet and said follower having movement in opposite directions, the ratio of transverse movement of said tool holder with respect to the transverse movement of said follower, the ratio of the longitudinal movement of said tool holder with respect to the longitudinal movement of said movable controlling means being the same.

2. A wheel dressing apparatus including a slide, a hollow cylinder attached to said slide, a slide guide supporting said slide and a stationary piston received within said cylinder, a lever pivoted at one end to said slide, a dressing tool pivoted to said arm adjacent the pivoted end of said lever. a fixed cylinder, a movable piston received therein and conduit means connected between said cylinders for transferring fluid under pressure from said fixed cylinder to said movable cylinder to move said slide, means connected to said movable piston for moving said movable piston, a templet carried by said last means, a templet follower mounted on the lever at a point remote from its pivoted end and contacting said templet to determine the path followed by said dressing tool upon movement of said slide.

3. Apparatus for forming a contour on a grinding wheel including a slide, an arm pivoted at one end to said slide, a tool mounted on said arm, a tracer mounted on said arm, a movable cylinder connected to said slide, a fixed piston within said movable cylinder a base for supporting said slide, a cylinder fixed to said base and having a piston movable therein, and conduit means connecting said cylinders to permit fiuid transfer therebetween, an elongated slide guide extending from said base and provided with a rack, a slide con nected to said movable piston :and supportin a rotatable pinion, and means connected to said pinion for rotating said pinion for causing movement of said last slide along said slide guide, and

a templet mountedom said; last-slide and: havin a contounto berepro ducedlonsaidggrindii'lg Wheel, said tracer being in: contact with. the, surface; of said temples: to. determine the transverse; movea ment or said tool: during: longitudinal. movement I of the slide supporting said: tool: for: reproducin he temples, contour on a reduced scale on. said rinding-wheel".

l Apparatus for forming the contour of; a

grinding: wheel including a slide movable. alon a longitudinal path, a dressingv tool mounted on said slide and movabletransverselyofrsaid longitudinal path, meansiincludingra movablecylinder 7 connected to said;- slide and a stationary piston within. said. cylinder for; moving said 8131s,... and

means includinga fixed cylinderand a movable pistonmounted; within. said cylindfil? n having: a. volumetric displacement. per-linear uni of traver less than, said movablev cylinder per linear unit. Of? travel; conduit means connecting said; cylinders for transferring fluid between said cylinders; whereby a reduction, of movement. of said movable cylinder with respect; to. said movable piston results, a templet. connected; to.- and movablelwith said movable piston, afollower con-.

nected. withsaid; dressing tool for determining the transverse movement of said dressing tool and. contacting said: templet, said dressing tool reprothe contour of said: templet on a reduced scale; when said movable piston is operated to cause movement of the. movable cylinder and said slide; and a sub-base on which: all of; the

having a volumetric. displacement. per linear unit or travel: less; than said movable: cylinder per linear unit. of-- travel, conduit means connecting said cylinders; [or transferring fluid between said I .inders, whereby a reduction of movement of movable cylinder with respect. to said mov- 1 able piston results, a. templet connected to. and

' movablewvrth. said: movable piston, afollowerconnccted with said dressing tool for determining the! transverse movement of said. dressing: tool and; contacting said templet, said dressing tool reproducing. the contour of' said. templet on a reduced scale when said movable piston is. operated to cause movementof the movable, cylinder andisaid slide.

6. Apparatus for forming the. contour of: a

grinding wheel including a slide movable along a longitudinal path, a dressing tool mounted on said slide and movable transversely of said longitudi- V nal path, means including a movable cylinder connectedto said slide and a stationary piston within saidcylinder for moving said slide, and

means including a fixed cylinder and a movable pistonjmounted within said fixed cylinder and having a volumetric; displacement per linear unit oftravel less than said movable cylinder per linear unit of travel; conduit means connecting said cylinders for transferring fluid between said cylinders, whereby a reduction of movement of said movable vllnder with r spe ti ovsa dmevr a... .ml?; 1l onne ted o n m v ble pi t n,,ai llq re nnected wi h; s id r ss n ool: r det rminin the transverse movement. of; said dressing tool nd contac n d am e v ai d es ine i001 reprod cin he cont ur of id templet-Qna red ced: scal whe id mo ble Piston once at d to; ause. movem n o he. mo a le lil ii sier and saidslide;-..

7. Apparatus for formingthe contour; of a grinding wheel including a slide movable along-a 1ongitudina1;path,a dressing tool mounted on said slide and movable transversely of said longitudip thi. m ns in udin mov b e y ind r connected to sa d lide and a; at onar P s o W thin said cylin r. mov nec aid sl de. n me ns n ud ng a fixed cyli d r s. movabl piston mounted within said fixed cylinder and having volumetric displacementper linearunit of travel less than. said. movable cylinder'per linear unit of travel, conduit means connecting saidcylinders for. transferring fluid between said; cylinders, whereby a reduction of movementof; said movable cylinder with. respect to said movable piston results, av templet connected to and movable with said movable pistonand a follower connected with said dressing tool and contacting saidtemplot.

8. Apparatus for forming the contour of a grinding wheel'including a. slidemovable along a longitudinal path, a. dressing tool mounted on said slide and movable transversely of said. longitudinal path, meansincluding a. movable cylinder connected to said: slide and. a. stationary piston within said slidevfor moving said. slide, andmeans including a fixed cylinder and a movable piston mounted within said fixed cylinder and having aivolumetric displacement per linear unit of travel less than said movable cylinder per linear unit of travel, conduit means connecting said cylinders for transferring fluid between said cylinders,

whereby a reduction of movement of .saidmovable cylinder with respect to said movable piston results, a templet connected to and movable with said. movable piston, a follower connected With said dressing tool for determining the transverse movement of said dressing tool and contacting said templet, said dressing tool reproducing the contour of said templet on a reduced scale when said movable piston is operated: to cause movement of the movable cylinder and said, slide, and means including a slide sub-base and a slide guide upon which said apparatus is mounted for moving all of the above apparatus as a whole transversely of said longitudinal path. 7

9.. Apparatus for forming a contour on a. grinding wheel and including a slide, pivoted means mounted at one end on said slide, a dressing tool mounted on said pivoted means adjacent one end thereof, atemplet follower mounted on said pivoted means, means connected to said slide including fluid pressure responsive. means for moving said slide longitudinally, means including a piston operated device connected to said fluid pressure responsive means for forcing fluid into saidv fluid pressure responsive means for moving said. slide, a templet carried by said last means, said follower and said templet being in engagement during operation of said devioe'to. determine movement of; said tool transversely of said longitudinal path, said tool and said follower being mounted for rotation on parallel axes and link mechanism for causing simultaneous rota-,

tion of said follower and said tool. said fluid responsive means and said piston displacing different volumes per linear unit of travel whereby a reduction of movement of said tool with respect to said piston results, said tool being mounted more closely adjacent the pivoted end of said lever than said follower whereby the are through which said tool and said follower move are comparable to the differences of linear motion of said tool and said piston.

10. A wheel dressing apparatus, including a slide, a hollow cylinder attached to said slide, a slide guide supporting said slide, a stationary pis ton received within said cylinder, a dressing tool mounted on said slide, a fixed cylinder, a movable piston received therein and conduit means connecting said cylinders for transferring fluid under pressure from said fixed cylinder to said movable cylinder to move said slide, and means connected to said fixed cylinderfor moving said movable piston, said movable piston being hollow and provided with a screw plug at one end thereof for permitting bleeding of air from said pistons and said conduit when fluid is injected into said pistons and said conduit.

11. Apparatus for forming a contour on a grinding wheel and including a first slide, a dressing tool and a follower mounted on said first slide, means secured to said first slide for moving said slide linearly and axially of the grinding wheel being dressed, said tool and said follower being mounted for rotation on parallel axes on said first slide, a second slide movable parallel to the movement of said first slide, a templet mounted on said second slide, said follower and said templet being in engagement during operation of said apparatus to determine movement of said tool transversely of the path of linear movement of said slides, a link mechanism connecting said tool and follower for causing simultaneous rotation of said follower and said tool about said parallel axes, means connected to said second slide and movable therewith, operating connections connecting the means secured to said first slide and the means connected to said second slide for causing movement of said slides in opposite directions, said operating connections including means for moving said first slide a lesser distance than the distance through which said second slide moves when said apparatus is operated to move said second slide.

12. Apparatus for forming a contour on a grinding wheel including a slide movable axially of said grinding wheel, an arm pivoted at one end to said slide, a tool pivoted to said arm adjacent the pivoted end of said arm, a templet mounted on said apparatus and movable parallel to said slide, a follower contacting said templet and pivotedly mounted at the free end of said arm and connected by a link to said tool, a movable cylinder fixed to said slide, a piston within said cylinder, a base supporting said slide, said piston being fixed to said base, a cylinder fixed to said base and having a piston movable therein, conduit means connecting said cylinders, an elongated slide guide extending from said base and provided with a rack, a slide mounted on said slide guide and connected to said movable piston, a rotatable pinion supported on said last slide and contacting said rack and means connected to said pinion for rotating said pinion for causing movement of said last slide along said slide guide.

13. Apparatus for forming a contour on a grinding wheel and including a slide movable axially of said grinding Wheel, pivoted means pivotedly mounted on one end of said slide, a dressing tool mounted on said pivoted means adjacent the pivoted end thereof, a follower mounted on said pivoted means and spaced from said tool, means including fluid pressure responsive means connected to said slide for moving said slide linearly along the axis of the grinding wheel, means connected to said fluid pressure responsive means for forcing fluid into said fluid pressure responsive means for moving said slide and including a movable support, a templet supported on said movable support and adjacent said follower and movable parallel to said slide, said follower and said templet being in engagement during operation of said apparatus to determine movement of said dressing tool transversely of the path of linear movement, said templet and said follower moving in opposite directions during operation of said apparatus.

NILS HOGLUND.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re.21,544 Richard Aug. 27,, 1940 1,795,887 Quattrocchi Mar. 10, 1931 1,960,760 Sutton May 29, 1934 1,992,768 Pioch Feb. 26, 1935 2,133,191 Danner Oct. 11, 1938 2,184,684 Bickel Dec. 26, 1939 2,250,241 Thalmann July 22, 1941 2,294,493 Wilson Sept. 1, 1942 2,335,625 Wilson Nov, 30, 1943 2,395,662 Hoagberg Feb. 26, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number 1 Country Date 330,889 Germany Dec. 24, 1920 461,223 Great Britain Feb. 12, 1937

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