US2556082A - Casing machine - Google Patents

Description

June 5, 1951 T. s. HARTNESS CASING MACHINE 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 10. 1946 T HUM/15 S. H41? T/VES ATTORNEY.

June 5, 1951 'r. s. HARTNESS CASING MACHINE 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 10, 1946 INVENTOR. T HUM/15 5. HARM/E55 BY jfowfig v-m ATTORNEY-5 June 5, 1951 Filed July 10, 1946 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 220 M lNFEED T0 CLUTCH F" I 1 'as 1 33 l 1 I PUSHER ADVANCES 1 69 TO THIS POINT I I 63 1 i i l i l I 1 I I I 1 CONVEYOR CHAIN BELT I 34 62 l I 34 I l I I a/ I 1 I j L fl I L T J INVENTOR. 2.25:1 E THOMAS s. HAR /55 6Mumd Patented June 5, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CASING MACHINE Thomas S. Hartness, Greenville, S. 0.

Application July 10, 1946, Serial No. 682,458

' 10 Claims. 1

This invention relates to machines for mechanically placing bottled goods or the like in crates or containers, commonly referred to as casing machines.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved casing machine which will rapidly and efiiciently introduce bottles into cases for shipment or storage. The casing machine of the invention requires but a single operator who can, with the aid of the machine, fill a large number of cases in a working day with a minimum of bottle breakage ordinarily incident to the hand filling of cases.

Another object is to provide a casing machine which may readily be added to existing bottling plant facilities and conveniently may follow a bottling machine in the line of work progression.

Further objects are to provide, in a machine for filling compartmented cases with bottles, a plurality of improved operating and control devices coacting with the several dependent elements of the machine to produce a superior unit. Such operating and control devices may include (a) an efficient master control device for automaticall controlling the operation of the casing machine in accordance with the number of bottles fed to the machine, (b) a reliable mechanism for transferring successive groups of aligned bottles from a file of bottles fed to the machine to a frame on which the bottles are grouped for charging into a compartmented case, a simple and effective case charging device or frame having an improved bottle arranging and bottle release mechanism, (d) an easily operated case lift for positioning a case in charge receiving relation to the charging frame, and (e) other devices and mechanisms which will be more particularly referred to hereinafter.

Typically, the bottle casing machine of the invention includes means conveying a file of bottles into the machine, a horizontally extending frame having a bottle-grouping area coextensive with the top of a case to be filled, means for trans ferring successive groups of aligned bottles from the file to said frame, means actuated by the advance of bottles in said frame for interrupting action of said bottle transfer means when said frame is full, means for positioning a case to be filled beneath the bottle-grouping area of said frame, said frame including bottle supporting elements shiftable in position to provide spaces for dropping bottles into the case, means for shifting the bottle supporting elements to drop bottles into the case, means for returning theshiftable elements to bottle supporting position, and means actuated by the return of said shiftable elements to bottle supporting positions for re-establishing action of said bottle transfer means. 1

The invention will be more particularly described, and other of its aims, objects and advantages will be in part pointed out and in part apparent in the following detailed description of one embodiment thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawingawherein: d

Fig, 1 is a plan view of a casing machine in accordance with the invention, parts being broken away to show substructure;

Fig. 2 is an'elevational view of the casing machine of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a left side view of the machine;

Figs. 4 through 7 are diagrammatic views illustrating the action of certaincontrol elements;

Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of the control switches and solenoid;

Figs. 9 through 11 are enlarged detail views of one of the switches and operating mechanism therefor shown in successive stages of operation; and

Fig. 12 is an enlarged diagrammatic sectional view, taken along the line l2--l2 of Fig. 1, showing the construction and operation of parts of the bottle transfer mechanism. 7

Referring to the drawings, particularly to Figs. 1 through 3, the casing machine illustrated has a principalsupporting structure 20 in the form of a framework upon which is mounted a unitdrive motor 21 supplying power for operating the machine. I

Bottles or other containers to be cased are fed to the machine upon a continuously moving, endless, conveyor belt or chain 22 which has a smooth bottle supporting surface adapted to slide freely under bottles temporarily restrained from movement with the belt by contactwith an interposed stop member. The conveyor belt is driven. by a drive sprocket 23 which is driven by the motor 2! through a chain-and-sprocket drive indicated generally by the reference numeral 24, it being understood that the left-hand end of the conveyor belt is engaged and supported by an idler sprocket or other suitable means (not shown).

In being conveyed into the machine, the bottles pass between the arms of a counter or six-armed star-wheel 25 fixed to a vertical shaft 26 journalled for free rotation in a bearing 21 mounted on the framework 20. The shaft 26 has mounted upon it 'for rotation therewith a cam 28 and a disc 29, the latter being provided with a small roller 33 projecting a short distance radially from the periphery of the disc for a' purpose V bevel gears 49.

which will appear more fully hereinafter. It will be seen'that when six bottles are passed into the machine, the starwheel will make one revolution; and, as will be explained in detail as the description proceeds, at each revolution, the cam 28 sets in operation mechanism for transferring the six alignedbottles from the conveyor belt to the bottle-grouping frame 65.

The six bottles awaiting transfer to the bottie-grouping frame are restrained from movement with the conveyor by abutment with a stop member 3| mounted in a bracket 32 for adjustment longitudinally of the conveyor and by abutment with each other. The six bottles are maintained in alignment upon the conveyor 22 as it slides beneath them by confinement be tween an upright pusher plate or bar 33 at the back and a pair of upstanding rails 34 at the front.

The pusher plate 33 is mounted for reciprocatioufrom its position of rest, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and3, transversely across the conveyor and back to its rest position for the purpose of transferring 1a file-of six aligned bottles from the conveyor to the bottle-grouping frame. The pusher I plate33 is supported by a pair of parallel rearwardly projecting rods 35 slidably mounted in sleevebearings- 3S carriedby the framework 28, the rods being linked together by a yoke 31, thefront end of which is supported by an auxiliary yoke 38 attached to the back of the pusher plate.

The pusher plate-33 is driven by the motor 2! through a mechanism including a drive sprocket 39 keyed "to the motor shaft and a chain 48 which drives, another'sprocket 4| freely rotatbly mounted on the shaft 42 journalled in bearings 43 and 44 carried by the framework 26. The driving connection between the pusher plate and the motor includes a clutch which has a movable plate 45 splined to the shaft 42 for drivingly engaging the rear face of the sprocket 4i and aspring 45 pushing against the collar 4? fixed to the shaft 42 normally tending to engage the clutch for transmitting power from the sprocket 41 to the shaft 42 when the clutch is engaged, The shaft 42 drives a secondshaft 48 through The second shaft, in turn, imparts rotation to the pusher wheel or crank 50. Rotation of the pusher wheel causes oscillation .of the pusher lever through a link 52, the lever being pivoted to the frame at the point 53. A connecting rod 54 is pivoted at one of its ends to the upper end of the pusher lever El and isrconnected at its other end to the yoke 3! by means of a wrist-pin joint. It will thus be seen'that when the clutch is engaged, the motor 21 will cause the pusher plate to reciprocate through one cycle for each revolution of the pusher drive wheel 50.

. The clutch may be disengaged against the ac- ;tion'of the spring 46 to stop movement of the pusher plate by rearward movement of a clutch lever '55 pivoted to the frame 20 at the right and connected to the clutch plate 45 to retract the latter. The left end of the clutch lever is moved trol of a switch 58 having contacts normally' tendin to remain in open position for deenergizing the solenoid to actuate the pusher plate 33. Gain 28, operated by the star-wheel 25, has a rise as constructed and arranged to engage and close the switch 58 during a portion of the arcuate movement of the cam to energize the solenoid 5B and stop action of the pusher plate.

The action of the bottle transfer mechanism, as influenced by the passage of bottles into the machine on conveyor belt 22, will now be described with particular reference to Figs. 4 through '7. As shown in Fig. 4, the pusher plate 33 is stopped in retracted position, the switch 58 being closed to energize the solenoid to hold the clutch open. A file of bottles is bein conveyed into the machine, the fourth bottle of six having passed beyond the star-wheel 25, and the fifth and sixth bottles being received between the arms of the wheel.

In Fig. 5, the last bottle of six has passed beyond the star-wheel 25, and the star-wheel and associated elements have been rotated to a position in which the rise 59 of the cam has permitted opening of theswitch 58 allowing the clutch to engage to start motion .of the pusher plate 33. It will be observed that the roller 35 carried :by the disc 29 has contacted the left end of the pusherplate 33 to effectively prevent further rotation of the disc 29, the shaft 25, the starwheel 25 and the cam 28, an assembly of elements hereinafter called the star-wheel assembly.

A trip bar 68, in the form of a longitudinal member is carried by the pusher assembly, it being supported at its front by the pusher plate 33 and at its rear by the yoke 31. The trip bar moves forward and back with the pusher assembly at the level of the disc 29, as best seen in Fig. 3, and upon it the roller 38 is adapted to ride.

Returning to Fig. 5, it willbe seen that as the pusher plate 33 and trip bar 60 advance they will successively engage and block the-progress of bottle .1 a, the first bottle of the next sequence of bottles to enter the machine, and that the trip bar will prevent rotation of the star-wheel assembly by engagement with the roller 35.

the pusher bar 33 advances, bottles through 6 are pushed from the belt 22 to the bottle-grouping frame 65, the rails 34 being depressed below the level of the topv of the belt to permit passage of the bottles thereover. As can best be seen from an'inspection of Fig. 12, the rails 34 are carried by a modified bell-crank 6i pivotally mounted on the axle 62. The shorter arm 63 of the crank is contacted by the rear face of the pusher plate 33, when the latter is in retracted position, to raise and hold the rails 34 in elevated position. as shown in solid lines in Fig. 12. As the pusher plate advances it releases thearm 63, whereupon the rails M-drop under the influence of gravity to the dotted-line position shown in Fig. 1-2.

- Referring now to Fig. 6, it will be seen that the pusher plate hasadvanced to its fullest scope and is returned to its rest position, it being very near the end of its return stroke. Bottles I through 5 have been left upon the bottle-grouping frame. It will be noted that the trip bar 69 has a notch or recess d4 formed in its side facing the disc 290i the star-wheel assembly, the notch' being of such a depth and so located as to permit the roller 3i) to swing through the notch as the trip bar returnsto rest'position, thereby freeing the star-wheel assembly for further rotation. In Fig. 6, the roller 39 is shown in the notch 64 and bottle la is shown as being conveyed into the masembly has been rotated by engagement with advancing bottles to a position 'in which the rise 59 of the cam 28 has closed the switch 58 to stop the pusher plate in its rest position thus interrupting action of the bottlextr'ansfer mechanism.

The second sequence of six tering the machine.

The action described with reference to Figs. 4 through 7 is repeated to transfer a second, third and fourth squence of six bottles from the conveyor 22 to the bottle-grouping frame.

Although, as shown in Figs. 4 through 7, the rise 59 of the cam 28 serveseto hold closed the terminals of the switch 58 which normally tend to spring open, it will be apparent that a switch having contact points normally urged to closed position can be used in cooperation with a cam having a rise which will open and close the switch at the proper time.

The bottle-grouping frame, designated generally by the numeral 65,- will now be described with particular reference to Figs. 1 through 3. The frame is of generally open construction and has vertical side members 66 and 67 forming a box-like structure open at the rear for the admission of bottles. Spaced laterally across the box are five bottle divider plates or vertical partitions 68 through I2 which divide the frame into six columns for the reception of bottles in upright position. The back I5 of the center partition I0 is closest to the conveyor belt 22, while the backs I4 and I6 of partitions B9 and II are further removed from the conveyor and the backs I3 and II of partitions 68 and I2 are still further removed. Such staggered arrangement of the backs of the partitions serves to insure the entry of bottles into the proper columns of the grouping frame by separating and guiding the separated bottles into their respective columns. ,As shown in Fig. 12, the back parts of the partitions are cut away to provide space for the full advancement of the pusher plate 33; the backs, however, stand above the level of the top of the conveyor belt to catch the bottoms of bottles being transferred from the belt and toguide the bottles into theproper columns of the grouping frame. Near the front of the frame there is located a transverse partition I8 defining the front of the bottle-grouping area and limiting forward movement of the bottles.

Mounted for transverse sliding movement in the frame 65 is an assembly I9 called the bottle trip assembly. This assembly. functions to support the bottles in the frame when it is in the position shown in Fig. Land, when moved to the right a distance equal to one-half the distance between adjacent partitions, it functions to provide openings through which bottles are dropped from the frame into a case located in position to receive the bottles. The bottle trip assembly takes the form of a grid having longitudinal members 80, normally providing support for, bottles, and lateral members 8! separated to bottles is shown en- 'provide spaces through which botles are free to upstanding pins 82 normally received in slots 83 in the partitions. As the assembly is movedto the right to release bottles from the frame, these pins 82 pass between bottles standing in the frame to separate them and move them into correct position for dropping through thespaces of the grid I9.

The case for receiving bottles released from the frame is placed by an operator upon the case lift 84 which is supported for raising and lowering by-a frame having vertical rods 85 slidably received in bearings 86 and 81. The lift is raised by. application of downward force upon *a foot pedal 88 mounted on the end of a lever 89 pivoted at 90, the lifting force being transmitted from the lever to the case lift by a cable 9I reeved through pulley 92 and attached to the case lift at 93.

Downward movement of the lever 89 serves not only to raise the case to filling position, but also to displace the bottle trip assembly I9 to the right to release a charge of bottles from the bottle-grouping frame. The bottle trip assembly is pulled to the right by a cable 94 leading from the. lever 89 through a pulley 95 and attached to the trip assembly at 96. A spring 91, tensioned between the bottle trip assembly I9 and the machine frame 29, returns the trip assembly 19 to bottle supporting position after the operator removes his foot from the pedal 88.

In order to interrupt action of the bottle trans fer mechanism when the bottle-grouping frame is filled with twenty-four bottles and to return control of the bottle transfer mechanism to the master control switch 58 after the charge of bottles has been dropped into a case, thereis provided an overriding control circuit for the solenoid which is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig.8. The overriding control circuit is connected in parallel with the circuit which includes the master control switch 58 and includes two switches 98 and 99 connected in series. Both of the latter switches normally tend to remain open. Switch 98 is moved to closed position by the advance of the fourth sequence of six bottles into the bottle-grouping frame, as will be ex-' plained more fully hereinafter. Switch 99 is closed by return of the pusher plate 33 to rest position, the switch being engaged by the trip bar 69 to close the contact points when the trip bar has reached its rest position. The overriding circuit is thus completed to energize the solenoid 56 and prevent action of the bottle transfer mechanism.

The detailed construction and operation of switch 98 will be explained with particular referenceto Figs. 9 through 11. This switch is constructed and, arranged to remain open only when the bcttleegrouping frame is less than filled with bottles and the bottle trip assembly is in bottle supporting position. The switch is closed when the frame is filledwith bottles and remains closed during displacement of the bottle trip assembly, opening only after the bottle trip assembly has returned to bottle supporting position and the frame is ready to receive another charge of bottles from the conveyor 22.

Switch 93 has a pair of contact points supported on spring arms I88 and IOI. The arm I is connected through a rigid insulating link I02 .to another spring arm I83. As seen in Fig. 11, the contact points normally tend to remain closed when the switch elements are not engaged by any other element. In Fig 9, the bottle trip assembly isshown in bottle receiving position, one of the lateralelements 3| of the trip assembly-bearing against'an extension I04 of the spring'arm Iii-l to hold the contact points open. In Fig. .1 0, the bottleegrouping frame is shown filled with hottles, thebottle 105 having swung the gate I06 to closed'position, in which position the gate-bears against the button I91 of the arm I03 and forces the contact points to closed position. As'shown inFig. 11, the bottles have been released from the frame and the bottle trip assembly is returning to bottle receiving position to repeat the cycle! From the foregoing description of the switch 88 it will be seen that the swich provides means actuated by the advance of bottles into the frame 65 for interrupting action of the bottle transfer means whenthe frame is full and that the switch is actuated by the'return of the bottle tripassembly to bottle supporting position to reestab lish action of the bottle transfer means.

In operation, the casing machine of the invention is largely automatic. The operator need only be assured of a continuous advancement of-bottles or other goods to be cased along the conveyor 22. He is required to place empty cases on the case lift, to depress the pedal'88 when the bottle grouping frame 55 is full, and to remove filled cases from the lift. Beyond these, his duties are merely to supervise the operation of the machine and to take such action as may be necessary in the rare event of stoppages due to an occasional broken bottle or other unavoidable cause. From the foregoing description it will be seen that-the present invention provides an improved casing machine exemplified by the specific embodiment herein shown and described. Since many modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art in the light of the foregoing description, it will be understood that such description is merely illustrative of the invention as defined in the claims.

I claim: 7 1. A bottle casing machine comprising means conveying a file of bottles into the machine, a horizontally extending frame positioned at one side of said bottle conveying means, said frame having a bottle-grouping area coextensive with the top of a case to be filled, pusher means for transferring successive groups of aligned bottles from the file to said frame, means positioned in said frame at a point spaced from and out of alignment with said bottle conveying means and actuated by the advance of bottlesin said frame for interrupting action of said bottle transfer means when said frame is full, means for positi'oning a' case to be filled beneath the bottlegrouping area of said frame, said frame including'bottle supporting elements shiftable inposition to provide spaces for'dropping bottles into the-case, means for shifting the bottle supporting elements to drop'bottles into the case, means for returning the shiftable elements to bottle supporting position, and means actuated by the return of said shiftable elements to bottle supporting position for reestablishing action of said bottle transfer means. 2. A bottle casing machine comprising horizontal belt means conveying a file of upright botties into the machine; a horizontally extending bottle supporting and droppingframe having a bottle grouping'area coextensive with the top of a case to be filled, the bottle supporting frame being positioned adjacent to said belt means and having a bottle'supporting area lying substantially in the plane of said belt means; means for transferring a predetermined number of bottles 8 from the file on said belt to said frame, said bottle transfermeans including a horizontally reciprocable' pusher element mounted for reciprocation in a plane immediately superjacent to the plane of said belt, transversely of said belt, and between a point at the side of said belt remote from said frame and a point overlying said frame,

means for reciprocating the pusher element, and

means controlled by the passage of a predetermined number of bottles into the machine for actuating said reciprocating means to reciprocate the pusher through a single cycle; stop means actuated by advance of the pusher for preventing conveyance of bottles into the machine while the pusher is in its operating cycle; means positioned in said frame at a point spaced from and out of alignment with said bottle con veying means and actuated by the advance of bottles in said frame for interrupting action of said bottle transfer means when said frame is full; means for positioning a case to be filled beneath the bottle-grouping area of said frame; saidframe including bottle supporting elements shiftable in position to provide spaces for dropping bottles into the case; means for shifting the bottle supporting elements to drop bottles into thecase; means for returning the shiftable elements to bottle supporting position; and means actuated by the return of said shiftable elements toibottle supporting position for reestablishing action of said bottle transfer means.

3. A bottle casing machine comprising means conveying a file of bottles into the machine, a horizontally extending frame positioned at one side of said bottle conveying means, said frame having a bottle-grouping area coextensive with the top of a case to be filled, said frame including bottle supporting elements shiftable in position to provide spaces for dropping bottles therefrom, pusher means operating from a rest position through a cycle and back to rest position'for transferring successive groups of aligned bottles from the file to said frame, master control means actuated by the advance of a predetermined number of bottles into the machine for actuating said transfer means to transfer said bottles from the file to said frame, means actuated by said transfer means for interrupting conveyance of bottles into the machine while said transfer means is in operation and for reestablishing conveyance ofbot tles into the machine when said transfer means is in rest position, overriding control means positioned in said frame at a point spaced from and out of alignment with said bottle conveying means and actuated by the advance of bottles into said frame for preventing action-of said master control means when saidframe is full, means for positioning a case to be filled beneath the bottle-grouping area of said'frame in position to receive bottles dropped therefrom, means for shifting said bottle supporting elements to drop bottles into the case, means for returning the shiftable elements to bottlesupporting position, means actuated by movement of said bottle supporting elements'to maintain said overriding control means in effect while saidbottle supporting elements are being shifted and returned, and means actuated by the return of said bottle.supporting elements'to bottle supporting position for discontinuing the effect of said overriding control means to return control of operation of'the machine to said mastercontrol means.

4. In a bottle'casing machine including a horifzontal belt for conveyinga file of bottles into cent to one side of said belt, a pusher reciprocable across said belt for transferring bottles from said belt to said receiving means, idling star-wheel means positioned adjacent the infeed side of said pusher, the arms of said star-wheel being rotatable into the line of advancement of bottles into the machine, said star-wheel being rotated solely by engagement therewith of bottles conveyed into the machine by said belt, means actuated by rotation of said star-wheel means for reciprocating said pusher in response to the passage of a predetermined number of bottles, and means actuated by said pusher for stopping rotation of said star-wheel means to block the advance of bottles past said star-wheel means while said pusher is being reciprocated.

5. In a bottle casing machine including a horizontal belt for conveying a file of bottles into the machine and a bottle receiving means adjacent to one side of said belt, a pusher reciprocable across said belt for transferring bottles from said belt to said receiving means, movable mechanical means positioned in the line of advance of bottles into the machine and actuated by contact with advancing bottles for reciprocating said pusher in response to the passage of a predetermined number of bottles thereby, and means actuated by said pusher for restraining movement of said movable mechanical means to interrupt the advance of bottles into the machine while said pusher is being reciprocated.

6. In a bottle casing machine including a horizontal belt for conveying a file of bottles into the machine and a bottle receiving means adjacent to one side of said belt, a pusher reciprocable across said belt for transferring bottles from said belt to said receiving means, idling starwheel means positioned adjacent the infeed side of said pusher, the arms of said star-wheel being rotatable into the line of advancement of bottles into the machine, said star-wheel being rotated solely by engagement therewith of bottles conveyed into the machine by said belt, means energized upon each complete rotation of said star-wheel means for reciprocating said pusher, and means carried by said pusher for holding said star-wheel means against rotation while said pusher is being reciprocated.

7. In a bottle casing machine including a horizontal belt for conveying a file of bottles into the machine and a bottle receiving means adjacent to one side of said belt, a pusher reciprocable across said belt for transferring bottles from said belt to said receiving means, idling star-wheel means positioned adjacent the infeed side of said pusher, the arms of said star-wheel being rotatable into the line of advancement of bottles into the machine, said star-wheel being rotated solely by engagement therewith of bottles conveyed into the machine by said belt, means energized by said star-wheel means upon each complete rotation thereof for reciprocating said pusher, and com- 10 plementary detent means carried by said star- Wheel means and said pusher for holding said star-Wheel means against rotation while said pusher is being reciprocated.

8. A bottle casing machine comprising a horizontally extending frame having a bottle-grouping area coextensive with the area of of the top of a case to be filled, a plurality of spaced parallel partition members in said frame dividing the bottle grouping area into a plurality of parallel spaces each receiving a column of bottles, the bottom of said frame providing a plurality of openings beneath said spaces through each of which openings a bottle may be dropped, a bottle trip assembly carried by said frame and having elements positioned in said openings normally supporting the bottoms of bottles in said spaces, said bottle trip assembly being slidable with respect to said frame and transversely of said partition members from a first position in which said elements are positioned in said openings to a second position in which said elements are withdrawn from said openings, bottle separating means carried by said bottle trip assembly and positioned to pass over the bottom of said frame and between adjacent openings as said bottle trip assembly is moved from said first position to said second position, whereby bottles standing in said spaces are aligned with said openings, means for placing a group of bottles in said frame, means for positioning a case beneath said frame to receive a group of bottles dropped therefrom, and means for moving said bottle trip assembly between said positions.

9. A bottle casing machine as defined in claim 8 in which said bottle separating means comprise upstanding pins.

10. A bottle casing machine as defined in claim 9 in which said partition elements provide recesses receiving said pins when said bottle trip assembly is in said first position.

THOMAS S. HARTNESS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 646,469 Sleepar Apr. 3,. 1900 1,247,722 Rogers et a1 Nov. 27, 1917 1,896,639 Meyer et a1 Feb. 7, 1933 2,053,435 Kimball et a1. Sept. 8, 1936 2,219,827 Kimball et a1. Oct. 29 1940 2,252,127 Kimball Aug. 12, 1941 2,277,688 Cattonar et a1 Mar. 31, 1942 2,319,167 Stewart May 11, 1943 2,358,447 Creamer Sept. 19, 1944 2,371,026 Cattonar et a1 Mar. 6, 1945 2,400,484 Campana May 21, 1946 2,470,795 Socke Mar. 24, 1949

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