US2509308A - Magazine stove - Google Patents

Description

W WU W. H. MARTIN, JR

MAGAZINE STOVE, INCLUDING AN AIR AND GAS MIXING MANIFOLD Filed Feb. 14, 1947 Zfmventor William Mmrfiim Mm Patented May 30, 1950 MAGAZINE STOVE, INCLUDHVG AN AIR AND GAS MIXING MANIFOLD William H. Martin, Jr., Sheffield, Ala.

Application February 14, 1947, Serial No. 728,663

3 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to improvements in magazine heaters using solid fuels and, in particular, relates to improvements in such magazine heaters using coal wherein more efficient combustion of the coal gases is achieved.

It is an object of the invention to provide a magazine heater in which the fuel is burned more efiiciently.

It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved heater construction which will minimize the amount of smoke produced by the fuel burned.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a novel magazine heater in which preheated air is supplied to the combustion chamber of the heater from outside of such heater.

Magazine heaters normally are composed of an ash pit, a grate, a fuel magazine thereover, a combustion chamber and a flue for the escape of the products of combustion. Usually, the ash pit is provided with adjustable openings to permit regulation of the draft and, consequently, the rate of combustion of the fuel. Also, it is customary to provide adjustable openings in the combustion chamber above the fuel through which secondary air may be admitted to assist in the burning of combustible gases leaving the fuel bed. Furthermore, it has been suggested to employ liners for the fuel magazine which are provided with vertical channels open toward the magazine which are in register with openings to the ash pit. These channeled liners serve to convey certain additional portions of air from the ash pit to the combustion chamber.

It has now been found that the efliciency of magazine heaters of this type provided with the channeled liners may be improved by providing means for supplying regulated quantities of preheated air from the outside of the heater to the combustion chamber. In this way, combustible gases, such as coal gas, normally escaping unburned from the combustion chamber are efficiently burned and the production of smoke is minimized. In prior constructions in many instances, the air which reached the combustion chamber from the ash pit no longer contained suificient oxygen to effect complete combustion of the gases particularly when such heaters have been refueled. In heaters in which channeled fuel magazine liners are provided with registering openings to the ash pit, more air is supplied to the combustion chamber, but it is still so laden with combustible gases that efficient combustion of the gases is not obtained.

In accordance with the invention, it has been discovered that the efficiency of magazine heaters provided with channeled liners may be greatly improved if the gases rising from the upper end of the channels are introduced into an annular manifold provided with a plurality of ports serving to direct the gases inwardly over the fuel bed and also providing means for supplying heated secondary air from outside of the furnace to such manifold. The manifold serves to mix the heated secondary air with the gases rising from the channels in the liner before introduction into the combustion chamber above the fuel bed.

The heated air is preferably supplied to the manifold through a conduit or conduits which are situated so as to be in indirect heat exchange relationship with the fuel magazine. The air inlet for such conduit is preferably provided with means for adjusting the quantity of air entering the conduit. This construction renders it possible to effect efficient burning of the combustible gases rising from the fuel bed and the channels in the liner. Preferably, the conduit or conduits for supplying the secondary air to the manifold are vertically disposed and attached to the heater jacket surrounding the fuel magazine.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a magazine heater in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a. horizontal section taken along line 2--2 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the lower end of a conduit for supplying heated secondary air to a magazine heater, showing a rotary valve for adjusting the amount of air entering the conduit.

In the drawings the magazine heater is composed of the metal shell I which is provided with an ash pit 2, a grate plate 3, a fuel magazine 4, a combustion chamber 5 and a flue 6. The fuel magazine 4 is provided with a refractory liner I provided with undercut open channels 8. The lower ends of channels 8 are in registry with holes 9 in the grate plate. The upper end of the channels 8 fit under manifold I0 within the combustion chamber 5. The manifold is provided with spaced ports H, which are located just above the upper edge of the fuel magazine. Two conduits 12 are formed by afflxing metal channels [3 to metal shell I. Air intakes [4 at the lower end of the conduits are preferably provided with rotatable valves I5 to permit regulation of the amount of air entering the conduits. The air which has entered such conduits takes up heat from the sides of the metal shell of the heater and is introduced into the manifold is through openings I6 in metal shell I, which are located at the upper portion of the conduits. The heated secondary air delivered by such conduits mixes with the gases and air rising from channels 8 in the manifold before introduced into the combustion chamber through ports II. In this Way, both the heated secondary air delivered by the external conduits as well as the gases and air rising from the channels in the liner are distributed around the periphery of the combustion chamber and directed over the fuel bed by the action of the manifold.

In operation of the heater in accordance with the invention, the heated air which enters the. combustion chamber from the external conduits by convection and by the action of the draft at the flue serves to burn the combustible gases Which rise from the fuel bed in the channels in the liner effectively. It is possible to supply secondary air in regulated quantities necessary for efficient combustion of the gases. Also, as the secondary air is preheated, combustion of the gases proceeds more smoothly with less smoke formation as the combustible gases are not cooled as would be the case when unheated secondary air is admitted to the combustion chamber. Furthermore, in the construction shown in the drawings, a special effect is obtained when such heater has recently been recharged with fuel. Normally, the combustible gases which are released at the bottom of the fuel bed cool in rising throughthecold new fuel to such an extent that when reaching the combustion chamber, theyare below the ignition point. In the present construction, the heat which is retained in the refractory liner and the metal shell will continue to give upheat to the secondary air in the exterior conduits, and such heated air will raise the temperature of the combustible gases when ;it is mixed therewith in the combustion chambenso that a temperature in excess of the ignition point of such gases is reached much sooner after refueling.

I-claim:

1. A magazine heater for solid fuel comprising ashell containing av grate, a fuel magazine thereover and means forming acornbustion chamber oversaid fuel magazine, a refractory liner within said shell forming the fuel magazine, said liner being provided with upwardly extending channels open toward the fuel magazine, the grate having openings in registry with the channels in the liner, a manifold over said channeled liner and communicating with the upper portion of said channels to receive gases rising through such channels, said manifold being provided with a plurality of ports for directing gases inwardly and over the fuel magazine, a conduit situated in indirect heat exchange relationship with said fuel magazine, said conduit having an outlet communicating with said manifold and an air inlet means outside of the heater in said conduit spaced from said outlet whereby the air traversing from the inlet to the outlet is in indirect heat exchange relationship with the fuel magazine, the

4 manifold serving to mix the gases rising from the channels with the heated air from the conduit before distribution in the combustion chamber.

2. A magazine heater for solid fuel comprising a metal shell containing a grate, a fuel magazine thereover and means forming a combustion chamber over said fuel magazine, a refractory liner within said shell forming the fuel magazine, said liner being provided with upwardly extending channels open toward the fuel magazine, the grate having openings in registry with the channels in the liner, an annular manifold over said channeled liner and. communicating with the upper portion of said channels to receive gases rising through such channels, said manifold being .Zprovided with a plurality of ports for directing ,gases inwardly and over the fuel magazine, a

conduit located outside of the metal shell and situated in indirect heat exchange relationship with said fuel magazine, said conduit having an outletcommunicating with said manifold and an adjustable air inlet means outside of the heater in said conduit spaced from said outlet whereby the air traversing from'the inlet to .theoutlet is in indirect heat exchange relationship with the fuel magazine, themanifold serving to mix the gases rising from the channels with the heated air from the conduit before distribution intheicombustion chamber.

3. A magazine heater for solidfuel comprising a metal shell containing a grate, afuel magazine thereover and means forming a combustion chamber over said fuel magazine, a refractory liner within said shell forming the fuel magazine, said liner being provided with upwardly extending channels open toward the fuel magazine, the grate having openings in registry with thechannels in the liner, an annular manifold over said channeled liner and communicating with .the upper portion of said channels to receive gases rising through such channels, said manifold being provided with a plurality, of ports for directing gasesinwardly and over the fuel magazine, a plurality of vertical conduits located outside of the metal shell substantially coextensive with the fuel magazine, .said conduits being formed of elongatedshallow U-shapedchannels closed at both ends, which channelsare fastened directly to the metal jacket, each conduit-having an outlet at the upper end ,communicati-ng with the manifold and an adjustable air inlet means at the lower end, the manifoldserving to mix the gases rising fromthe channels in the liner with the heated air-from -theconduits before distribution in the combustion chamber.

WILLIAMI-I. MARTIN, J R.

V r Name Date 2,383,188 Gr-iswold m Aug. 21, -1 9. 4 5 2,419,379 Iindell Apr. 22 194 2,422,959 Fleer June-24,1947

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