US2259743A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

4Patented oct. 21, 1941y 2,259,743

y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNER Harold H. Fletcher, Story ity, Iowa Application March 9, 1938, Serial No. 194,872

claims. (c1. 15s-91j;

This invention relates to improvements in oil burners, and particularly of that type adapted to'be placedin small heating or cooking stoves such as are used for domestic heating or cookprojecting annular flange I5, said ange being inclined slightly upward. The inner edge of the not complete, and a smoky flame resulted, which ,j

tended 'to smoke up the interior of the heating stove, and also a considerable loss in fuel resulted. It is, therefore, the object of my invention to provide'v an improved burner construction wherein the air and gases of combustion will be' more uniformly' mixed and better combustion obtained. ,l

A further object is to provide means for delivering into the generated gases 'of an oil burner -a certain percentage" of heated rair in such -a mannerA` as to avoidcurrents of cold air intermixing ,yvithv the unburned gases, wherein the combustion will be V'more complete and a saving in fuel realized. K v' My invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of the device, whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, 4pointed'out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure l is a vertical central sectional view of a heater showing my improved burner therein.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatical view of my improved burner illustrated in dotted lines, and

auxiliary means for further increasing the mixing effects between the gases and the incoming air, said auxiliary means being shown in solid lines.

Figure 3 is an enlarged detail sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is an enlarged detail sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.

I have used the' numeral I0 to indicate the walls of a heater enclosing the combustion chamber II, the numeral I2 indicating the casing surf rounding -the heater. Supported in the bottom end ofthe' chamber II is my improved burner comprising a bottom I3 and an upright side wall I 4, the-wall I4 being preferably of cylindrical ange I5 is provided with a cylindrical shell I6 ine and of the type employing a fire bowl in 5 to form the burner throat.

which the oil is admitted to the bottom of the spaced above the fiange I5 is a second flange bowl and evaporated and vga'sified by tempera- I'I so as to provide what I shall term a pre-heat- 4tures produced by the combustion of the fuel. ingv chamber I8 between the two flanges. The- In this type 0f burner the fuel. Whenvaporized upper end of the wall I4 is provided with an anand gasfled. iS burned With a'. rich mixture S0 aS 10 nular plate I9 spaced above the plate I1 to form t0 produce a IOYIS and yellOW flame eXtending 11D- a second or super pre-heating chamber 20. lThe Wardly through the throat 0f the lire bowl into wall I4 is provided with a number of rows of the combustion chamber 0f the'heateropenings 2I for permitting air -to enter through One deulty heretofore experienced With this the space 22 provided between the 'walls I4 and f type of burner has been that combustion was 15 the'wan I0, the said space being open at its bottom end and closed at its top end by the outer edge of the plate I9. Immediately beneath the flange I5 is a row of openings 23 which are considerably smaller than the openingsV 2| and placed close together. y

n Formed in the flange I5 nearits outer edge is 'a circular row of openings 24, each of the openings 24 being -preferably in radial alignment with a corresponding opening 23, as clearly indicated in Figure 3. The wall I4 is also provided with a row of openings 25 communicating with the chamber I8. A row of openings 26 is also pro-v vided communicating with the chamber 20. lThe opening 21 in the plate I9 is preferably slightly larger than the top of the shell I6 and spaced slightly above it so as to provide a4 passage 2B from the chamber 20 to the combustion cham- `ber `I I.- The usual smokestack 2$is provided in the upper end of the wall I0, and a fuel pipe 30 is provided for delivering liquid fuel to the upper surface of the bottom member I3.

The operation of my burner is substantially as follows: v

`Liquid fuel, such asdistillate, is permitted to flow to the upper surface of the bottom member I3, where rit is ignited and allowed to burn untily a considerable amount of temperature has been sulting in long smoky and irregular flames protruding inwardly from each of said openings and upwardly through the throat II.` 'I'hese irregular flames result from an improper mixture of air and gases. It will readily be seen that a liquid fuel in the bottom of the body or container tends to rise in clouds 'of rich gases intermingling through and between currents of cold air entering the openings 2|, resulting in a considerable amount of gases passing upwardly through the combustion chamber into the stackA 29 without being burned. On account of the uneven mixture of fuel gases and air a considerable amount of noise results due to miniature explosions of that portion of the gas and air properly mixed to support an instantaneous combustion, while other portions or clouds of the mixture are toorich, and still other portions too thin, to support combustion. 'I'he above conditions as set forth are those resulting from a burner construction having air openings improperly proportioned and arranged. I have found by experimenting that by adding the row of openings 23 of comparatively small diameter and arranged closely together so as to feed small jets or streams of air into the generating chamber below the bale plate I5, and in addition therewith introducing jets of downwardly projecting air against the said incoming horizontal jets, the second jets of air being heated, that a more uniform mixture is produced and the fuel made more combustible. Air entering the openings 25 into the chamber I8 will become heated and ejected through the said openings 24 which are of such size that a comparatively high velocity of air takes place as it isejected from said openings. 'I'his air entering the generating chamber striking the jets of air entering the openings 23 .will cause the two jets of air to be broken up and diifused and result in the downward and inward currents of air intermingling and mixing with the upward and inward currents of air and flames from the openings 2I.,.thereby producing a more uniform 2l, downwardly for better diffusion with the gases. and also tends to eliminate noise.

I claim as my invention: 1. An oil burner including a generating and mixing bowl having a cylindrical upright wall, the upper edge of said wall being provided with an annular cover plate, a second annular plate mixture resulting in clean hot flames passing upwardly through the throat I6 and into the interior of the combustion chamber II. VAir entering the openings 26 into the upper pre-heating chamber will become heated and Ydischarged upwardly and inwardly and around said flames through the throat I6, to produce excess heated air for completing' the combustion of the heavier and slower burninggases.

Thus, it vwill be seen that I have provided a burner so constructed and arranged that liquid fuel may be delivered to the bottom of the generating chamber and become converted into vapors and gases having means whereby air may be introduced so as to produce a long, yellow, clean flame in which the combustion is completed before the products of combustion enter the stack 29, resulting in a perceptible' saving in 'the amount of fuel consumed, as well as in a burner which canXbe more veasily controlled, wherein combustion will be complete regardless as to whether or not fuel is being fed in small quan-v titles or in larger quantities. In the use ofcertain kinds of fuel, and under certain chimney conditions wherein the draft is not uniform, it is sometimes desirable to insert in the throat of the burner a downwardly extending perforated cylinder 3|, as illustrated in Figure 2, said cylinder being provided with a large number of openings 32 so as to retard the rapid flow of fuel gases and air to the throat I6, in such a manner that the incoming pre-heated air from the openings 23 and 25 will better mix the gases and air before entering the burner throat. I nd that this cylinder 3l' also tends to reduce the noise of the flame. y

On the under edge of the flange I5 I have pro--v within said wall and beneath the cover plate, a third plate beneath the second plate, the inner edge of said third plate supporting an upwardly projecting wall to form a throat having its upper edge terminating near the inner edge of the cover plate to provide a narrow annular outlet passage from the heating chamber between the uppermost and second plates, a second heating chamber being formed between the second and third plates, the outer wall of each of said heating chambers having an annular row of horizon tal openings to admit air to said chambers, the third place being provided with an annular row of vertical openings near its outer edge, the upright wall having a row of horizontal openings lbeneath the third plate, each of the openings in the outer edge of the third plate being in radial alignment with a corresponding horizontal opening of thelast said row of openings wherein secondary air from the second chamber and said aligned openings will be delivered downwardly and inwardly into the generating chamber at high velocities and in a diilused manner, and wherein air from the upper heating chamber will be. delivered upwardly from the upper edge of said throat into a combustion chamber above said throat.

2. An oil burner, comprising a casing, a fire bowl within the lower end of the casing, of smaller diameter to provide a space between them, the upper end of said nre bowl having a cover plate covering the upper end of said space and projecting inwardly at the upper end of said bowl to divide the casing into generating and combustion chambers, a second annular plate.

. formed between the upper and second plates, a

second heating chamber being formed between the second and third plates. the outer wall of said nre bowl having Aannular rows of horizontal l openings to admit air to said chambers, the third plate being provided near its outer edge with a row of vertical openings, the lwall of said fire bowl having a row of horizontal openings beneath the third plate, each of the openings inf the outer edge of the third plate being in radial alignment with a corresponding one of the last said openings. wherein'secondary air from the second. chambersand said aligned openings will be delivered downwardly and inwardly in said generating chamber at high velocities and in a diffused manner, and wherein air from the upper heating chamber will be delivered upwardly from theupper edge of said throat into said combustion chamber.

3. An oil burner, comprising a casing, a fire,

bowl within the lower end of the casing of smaller diameter, the upper end of said fire bowl having an inwardly projecting flange-to form a throat and to divide the' casing into generating and combustion chambers, said inwardly projecting -ange bel-ing formed hollow to provide upper and chamber being provided near its outer edge lwith a row of openings, the wall of there bowl having a row of openings beneath the bottom oi the lower chamber, each of the openings of the outer edge of said chamber being in ra'dialalign-l ment. with a corresponding one of the last said vertical openings near'its outer edge, the upright vwall having a row of horizontal openings beneath the third plate wherein secondary air from the second chamber and said :aligned openings will .be delivered downwardly and inwardly into ,ithe generating chamber at high velocities and in a' diiused manner, and wherein-air from the upper heating chamber will be delivered upwardly from the upper edge of said throat into a combustion chamber above said throat.

5. An oil burner, comprising a casing, a nre bowl within the lower end of the casing of smaller row of openings wherein secondary air from the f lower heating chamberwill be delivered downwardly and inwardly into the generating chamber at high velocities and in a diii'used manner, the upper and inner corner ofthe upper heating chamber having a passage wherein 'heated air from the upper chamber willbe delivered upwardl'y at a point at the .upper end of saidthroatl into the combustion chamber.

d. An oil burner"J including a generating and mixing bowl having a cylindrical upright wall, the upper edge of said wall being provided with an annular cover plate, a 'second annular platel within said wall and beneath the cover plate, a

third plate beneath the second plate, theinner edge of said third plate supporting an upwardly projecting wall to form a throat having its upper diameter to -provide a space between said walls, the upper end of said nre bowl having a 'cover plate covering the upper end of said space and projecting inwardly atl the upper end of-4 s'aid 'bowl to divide the casing intogenerating and Acombustion chambers, a second annular ,plate having its upper edge terminating near the inner end of the cover plate to provide an annular edge terminating near the inner edge ofthe cover` plate 'to provide a narrow annular outlet passage from the heating chamber between the upper-- most and second plates, a second heating-cham-I ber being formed betweeny the second and third plates, the outer wall of each of said heatingplatebeing'provided with an annular row vof ,outlet from the heating chamber'formed between the upper and second plates, theoutex' Wall of said nre bowl having, annular rows of horizontal openings to admit air to said chamber, the said second plate being 'provided near its outer edge with a row of vertical openings, the wall of said fire bowl having a row of horizontal Vopenings beneath the second plate, each of said openings being in radial alignment with 'a corresponding one of the last of said openings wherein secondary air from said Heating chamber and said aligned openings will be delivered downwardly nd inwardly in said generating chamber at high velocities and in a diiused manner.

HAROLD H..

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