US2445907A - Water still with deaerator - Google Patents

Description

July 27, 1948. H. c. DAvls ET AL n 2,445,907

WATER STILL WITH DEAERATOR Filed Feb. 27, 1942 y3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTO/@MEV 'July 27, 1948. H. c. DAvls 4E1- AL 2,445,907

WATER STILL WITH DEAERATOR I Y Filed Feb. 27, 1942 s sheets-sheet 2 FRM wm ra cams/e ff mcawafsf/r INVENTORS Wavryw/W July 27, 1948; H. c. DAVIS ETAL WATER STILL WITH DEAERATOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 27, 1942 Patented July 27, i948 a l.: s l. .t i' .S v t' TATES T i1-@2F FIC '12;44a907 'l v -lwa'nnn s231121. WITH DEAERATOR Howard o. Davis), Elizabeth, --ana Willi-amai.

Thompson, Chatham, N. ll.i,assi-gn'orstoiavis Engineering G01-poration, Elizabeth, AN. iL-fa morporatonioflbelaware .ApplicationFebruary 27, 19142,.,Seial 432,1;612

. 1 "The invention herein 'disclosed relates to a disitiliati'on system that "is especiallyA suitable for dis-` tilling "water and 'fcomprehends a `combined Icondenser, deaerator skimmer, 'reboiler `and separaftor adapted "f or use iin the system.

There are 'many situations, 'lindus'trially and otherwise, `where a 'more `'or yless continuous `supply of distilled water Ais required. A Vsevere re'- 'quirement is that of Aproducing "drinking water erated Valves 8`,9anjd "lll-'controlling tliegiow to the branch lines 5, t and i respectively. The brancliti isconnectedi'tothejboiler i andisprojvided for `filling 'the boiler `on'starting 'ulpl The branch V'l lis 1 connectedto the shell of a 'cooler 1li-l in which there is Ia 'coil out `of communi-cation ywith the interior'of dthe shell-and ifoiriiirigfa-llo'sed, topen*ende'olmassa-ge. -ilnother pipe 442 Lo'onnects Efromvariousand^different"sourcesof*water norith-e water, that Vhas 'passed ithroug'h thefshll'of mally unt for human consumption. rlheyrethe cooler, and incontact with "the coil ltheriii, 'quirernentibecomes more'severeiwhen itibecomes fiows. i

V-neeessam/ to 4producefthefdistilled water so that The condenser is a 'multipass condenser land \itis'suitable foruse'instoragebatteries. Coupled maylbeof anyiwellknown-constructionwithne uwiththese'therelhas nowI-been-aclded tofthep'r'ob- 15 exception. )At Eleast ^one"'-pass`, the A'rlrs`t,l-an` `i pr L'lem 'tomake itrnost severe the *necessity ofhaving a portable -unit suitable ffor Army and Navy "movements and operable with a minimum 1fuel consumption.

i YBy the inventionherein'disclosed L'there lis "provided a distillation system 'thatmay be comlpactly arranged; that `is -suitable for continuous operation; `that `is` comparatively' .simple inncon- 'struction and arrangement; that is suitable for "the distillation of `.water irrespective' of `the `source 'from which it lis obtained; lthat =treatsithefwater :bef-ore Adistillation so that itis less `injurious 4to "the materials Ain Vthe evaporation chambers; that conditions the water so as 'to reducefthe amount evaporationythat treats the .water so asto'remove l'air and-other gasesth-a't affect evaporation and the quality of `the distillate; and vthat permits iol 'la continuous 4blow down so as to minimize 'the concentration in ithe evaporating vchamber Without :increasing 'fuel consumption. l

`A 'distillation system constituting ione specific -emhodimentof thelinvention and the units that Ilform partici-'the invention are villustrated in the accompanying drawings .and described -in` detail .lbelowt `The drawings :include:

:Figrllwhich -is an isometric, l1diagrammatie .rep-

`anpihcmiii-Lately the temperature di xthe source.

lThecondenser is, therefore, iprovidell withralconnectie'n F4 thnough which the excess water lis withdrawn 'at the end of 'the iirst severalpasses, "tnatu-is-ith'efpasses :capable fof-i accommodating fthe total Yvo-lume, and 'ijustiprior I to 'the last fewpasses, lthat i isithe passes fwhichfare arranged r'to accom- :modate 4ith'e :lesser quantity itha't` lis required :for distillation. Tula system such-Aasthat lfillustrated, iwhic'h constitutes a 4portable unitVa four ipass @condenser has 'been around 1satisfantory,` the rexfcess water fleeing fihled :from the condensery atter ithe .ethird pass. In this @arrangement `a lpassis consideren asia flowfithroue'hiltheffcondenser ann lb'ack. n l impipe ll is fconnectedtothe 'connectioniild fand extends above. a fdeaerator and skimmerl-llt iformed on` ftop l of `lthe .fcon'densen into `fa Scham- .berfoiarthedaeratorgthrbugh thezpipe |5,f`?t'h'e ex- .ness-Water vis delivered. This chamber mi" @the L`looiler.

`during operation, 1 i

evaporator 23. After passing through the coil :than vthe baille 36. Aprovided that extends between the side wall 35 l vand the baille 36. This weir is between the weir of the evaporator, the vapor is delivered by a pipe 24 to the shell of the condenser.

The plant constitutes a multi-elect evaporation system. The rst effect evaporation takes place in the direct fired boiler and the second effect in the evaporator. To this end, the shell of the evaporatoris connected by a pipe 25 to receive water from the boiler, the blow downv from the boiler. In operation the boiler is continuously blown down, the blow down being the feed to the evaporator shell. Th'e other end of the evaporator shell is connected by a pipe 26 to waste. Thus the blow down from the boiler passes to the evaporator and through the evaporator shell to waste continuously. There is, there- The pipe I5 extends over this discharge compartment between the end wall 33 and the Weir 38. It is open at 41 to discharge into this compartment to the left of the weir 4I. The pipe I8 extends over the receiving compartment 31 and is open at bottom, i. e., the section over the compartment isasemi-sectioncut away at the bot- .,tom, to discharge into the` lcompartment 31. The

pipes I5 and I8 rise to the same elevation to equalize the head or back pressure on th'e two branches of the water and so eifect a proportionate distribution of the water in accordance with the arrangement of the passes in the condenser.

.through the pipe I8 enters the chamber 31 and fore, a continuous blow down of the boiler and ,l

evaporator which prevents the accumulation or Vconcentration of solid matterth'ereby' greatly increasing the duration of operation before affecting capacity output.

, `Inthe evaporator, the heat from the vapors passingA throughl the coil is tnans'ferred to the water inthe shell which is vaporized. Thus, in

.the evaporator the second effect evaporation is ,from the first effect, the boiler I, and the vapor from. the second effect, the evaporator 23, are brought together in the condenser.

The condensate is collected in a well at the bottom of the condenser and delivered through a pipe 3I to one endof the coil of the cooler.

y.The other end of the coil ofthe cooler is connected to the container to receive the distilled water. Y l

`The construction and assembly of the deaerator and skimmer and the condenser areshown in Figs. 2 and 3. formed on the condenser.

The deaerator and skimmer is To thisend there is provided end walls 32 and 33 and sidewalls 34 `and 35. partment or pan formed by the side walls, there Extending longitudinally of the comis provided a baille 36 which forms a `compartment `3`I-between `it and the Vside wall 34. This baille 36 engages the bottom of th'e deaerator to a point `where a Weir 38, extending transversely from the side wall 35, is connected to it. From this point,

:thelower edge 39 of the baille is raised from the bottom of the deaerator forming a passage thereunder. Extending between the weir 38 and the end wall 32, .and parallel to the baille 36, there isa .Weir 4D. The Weir 40 is substantially lower A transverse Weir 4I is also 38-and the end wall 33. The pipe I1 connected towaste' is connected through an opening 42 through the side wall 35 and communicating with the'compartment between the Weir 4I and 'the' end wall 33. The pipe I9 is connected'to an opening4 43 in the side wall 35 and adjacent th'e end wall 32. Adjacent the lower end of the weirf38,

These notches extend to a point somewhat below the Ilevel of th'e Weir 4I), which determines the level to which the water must; rise in the deaerator.

eThese notches are provided for skimming off the `topfof the water and thus carrying the greater portion of oils, greases and other foreign matter lthat rise'tothe surface, into the discharge compartment between the weir 38 and the end wall 33.

The water to be distilled, i. e., that delivered rises therein to th'e elevation of the weir 40. Any floating matter is skimmed through the V-notch 46 into the waste compartment. The water then passes under the bailler 36 and over the Weir 40 into the boiler yfeed compartment in a thin sheet form. As the water must pass down under the baffle 36, floating matter remains on the top and is skimmed into the discharge compartment. The top of the water in the other discharge or feed compartment, vis skimmed through the V-notch 45into the waste compartment to further remove floating foreign matter. In its passage in the corr.-

partment( 31, under the baille 36 and over the Weir 46, gases areliberated and pass off to the atmosphere. f k

Thev Weir 4I is provided in the waste compartmentso that during operation, there will be in the waste compartment, to the left ofthe Weir, a head equal to the height of the weir. If the level of the water in the boiler feed compartment goes below the level of the Weir 4I, the check valve `44 opens to permit water to flow from the waste compartment to th'e boiler: feed compartment. This arrangement assures the supply of boiler -feed Water. .Y

It is to be noted that the conduit `3i) through which'the vapors from thelevaporator pass to lthe condenser shell constitutes a large heat transfersurface within the boiler feed compartment of the deaerator. This .further heats the Water in this compartment and in consequence, effects `a fur-ther liberation of gases as well as additionally preheating the 'boiler feed water. While the system illustrated in the drawings and described above includes a multiple effect evaporation, it will be obvious that the invention vis likewise applicable t-o a single effect evaporation system that is normally suppliedwith steam from a direct red boiler or from any other source of steam supply where the steam that is used'as .the heat-ing agentis returned in the form of condensate to the source from whence it came. Also, the invention permits` the operation of a direct fired boiler for the direct evaporation of ,raw

treated water, the resultant steam or vapor being condensed as the distilled,water.` In addition, it provides an arrangement permitting multiple effect evaporation wherein the first Ieffect evapora- `tor may be a` direct fired boiler and the Vapor from which is used as the heating medium to the heating surface of the second effect evaporator and wherein `the condensate of such vapor forms a part of the distilled water supply instead of being returned `to theboiler. There is, wi-th this system, no necessity for maintaining in storage previously treated water for startingup the system. Y

It will be apparent to those skilledin the art that the system of the invention is capable of orator regardless of whether a single effect evaporator be direct red. The blowing down in a two or more effect plant follows consecutively from the rst effect to the last eifect. In this manner there is a continuous blowing down of boiler or every effect and the concentration of solid matter or sludge is kept low and does not accumulate to a point where shut down is necessary.

It will be obvious that various changes may be made by those skilled in the art in the arrangement of the system and the units thereof within the .principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. |For a distillation system of the kind described, a combined deaerator and skimmer comprising an open liquid container, a series of baffles and weirs wi-thin the container forming a liquid receiving and two discharge compartments, means for delivering liquid to the liquid receiving and one of .the discharge compartments, means for discharging liquid from the discharge compartments, -a weir within the discharge compartment having the liquid receiving means associated therewith arranged to maintain a head of liquid within the compartment, and a check valve controlling communication between the two discharge compartments.

2. For a distillation system of the kind described, a deaerator comprising an open liquid container, a series of rbaflies and weirs within the container forming a liquid receiving and two discharge compartments, means for delivering liquid to the receiving compartment and means for discharging the liquid from the discharge compartments, one of said weirs being arranged to skim the upper part of the liquid from th-e liquid receiving compartment into one of the discharge compartments, and a pair of said baiiies 4being arranged to cause the flow of liquid from the lbottom of said liquid receiving compartment into the other of said discharge compartments, and another of said weirs being arranged between the two discharge compartments.

3 For a distillation system of the kind described, a combined deaerator and skimmer comprising an open liquid container, a series of bafes and weirs within the container forming a liquid receiving and .two discharge compartments, means for delivering liquid to the liquid receiving and one of the discharge compartments, means for withdrawing liquid from one of the discharge compartments, means for discharging liquid from the other discharge compartment, a weir within the discharge compartment having the liquid receiving means associated therewith arranged to maintain a head of liquid therein, and means operative upon a difference in the head between the discharge compartments for delivering liq.- uid from the discharge compartment having the liquid receiving means associa-ted therewith lt'o the other discharge compartment.

4. In a distillation system of the kind described, the combination comprising a condenser, means for delivering water to the condenser, two discharge outlets for the water delivered to .the condenser, a combined deaerator and skimmer mounted on the condenser, and discharge conduits connecting said discharge outlets and extending to the same elevation above the deaerator and open to discharge therein.

5. A distillation uni-t comprising, in combination, evaporating means, a water cooled condenser to which vapor from .the evaporating means is conducted to be condensed into distillate, a water-operated cooler connected to said condenser to receive the distillate therefrom, and means for supplying deaerated and heated Water to said evaporating means including a .pump operable to draw waiter from a source and discharge the same to said cooler at a rate greatly in excess of the feed water requirements of said evap'orating means, a conduit leading from said cooler to said condenser for conducting the partially heated water to said condenser for further absorption of heat while reducing .the vapor in the condenser to distillate, a deaerator having a first, a second and a third compartment, with the second and third compartments operable to maintain a reserve of liquid, a conduit tapped into the coolant Water circuit of said condenser at a point in advance of the end thereof and discharging to the second compartment of said deaerator and designed Vto take off .the major .part of the coolant flowing through said condenser, a conduit tapped into the coolant water circuit of said condenser at the end thereof and discharging to the third compartment of said deaerator, the rate of discharge being in excess of the feed water requirements of said evaporating means, said third compartment overiiowi-ng into the first compartment, and said second compartment providing a reserve operable to flow into saidfr'st compartment if the overflow from said second compartment is insuflcient `to maintain the Water in the rst compartment at a predetermined level, a feed water conduit leading from .the bottom of said rst compartment to said evaporating means, a pump in said conduit continuously supplying feed water to said evaporating means at a rate in excess of the evaporation thereof, andi means for permitting a continuous blow down from said evaporating means.

HOWARD C. DAVIS. WILLIAM H. THOMPSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re. 21,129 Fox et a1 June 27, .1939 21,693 Normandy Oct. 5, 1858 364,199 Coyle May 31, 1887 428,470 Domeier et al May 20, 1890 r113,298 Goss Nov. 11, 1902 799,002 Hodges Sept. 5, 1905 835,216 Crosier Nov. 6, 1906 911,314 Maranville Feb. 2, 1909 1,089,417 Klar Mar. 10, 1914 1,206,495 Aronowitz Nov. 28, 1916 1,867,076 i Hughes et al. July 1.2, 1932 1,930,861 Reich Oct. 17, 19133 1,939,418 Silver Dec. 12, 1933 1,973,235 Umont Sept. 11, 1934 2,279,813 Bent Apr. 14, 1942 No number Wolcott Oct. 6, 1835 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country `Date 138,655 Great Britain Feb. 19, 1920 161,735 Great Britain Apr. 211, 1921 32,231 France Sept. 13, 1927 OTHER REFERENCES Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Analytical Ed. 1935, vol. 5, page 357.

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