US2436608A - Cantilever column assemblage for crushers - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 24, 1948. H. H. RUMPEL CANTILEVER COLUMN ASSEMBLAGE FOR CRUSHERS Filed Feb. 14, 1944 Patented Feb. 24, i948 CAN TILEVER COLUMN ASSEIVIBLAGE FOR CRUSHERS 1 Harvey H. Rumpel, Milwaukee, Wis., assignor to Smith Engineering Works, Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Application February 14, 1944, Serial No. 522,275

The present invention relates in general to improvements in the crushing art, and relates more specifically to improvements in the construction and operation of head supporting columns for gyratory crushers of the general type shown in my prior Patents No. 2,158,779, granted May 16, 1939, and No, 2,409,391, granted October 15, 1946, and wherein the crushing head is supported by and is gyratable about a fixed upstanding column with the aid of a rotary eccentric interposed between the head-and column.

The primary object of my present invention is to provide an improved gyratory crusher of the above described type, which is simple and durable in structure, and which is also highly effective in use.

When constructing gyratory crushers of the type wherein the conical crushing head is mov- 8 Claims. (Cl. 241-208) is true whether the columns are formed integral ably supported solely by and is gyratable about a fixed upstanding column 01' shaft by means of a rotary eccentric disposed between the column and the head, it is of primary importance that the column be firmly mounted or supported. In some cases the head supporting column i formed integral with the supporting frame of the crusher, and in others the column ismerelyan upright stub shaft secured to the main frame; but the latter mode of producing and mounting these columns is preferable both because it facilitates original manufacture, and it also makes possible removal or replacement of the head supporting shafts.

It is therefore a more specific object of my present invention to provide an improved gyratory crusher of the above specified general type, wherein the column is constructed in the form of a simple and readily removable stub shaft capable of resisting considerable and varying pressures without becoming loosened, and which may be rigidly and firmly secured to the main frameof the crusher or removed therefrom, in an expeditious manner either in the shop or in the field, and with the aid of ordinary tools and that the major portion of the lateral crushing.

pressures are automatically applied to ample bearing surfaces of the frames and columns near the base or lower portions of thelatter. This ss with the frame or as separate shafts, and practically all prior crushers of this type have lacked either sufficlently extensive bearing surfaces, or

proper distribution of the lateral crushing pressures relative to the columns, or proper anchorage of the columns when formed as separable elements. 7 7

Hence, it is also a more specific object of my invention to provide an improved gyratory crusher head and column assembly wherein bearingsurfaces of ample size are provided, and in which the crushing pressures are more effectively distributed and applied to the supporting structure so that the major lateral pressures will act upon the column near its supporting base and remote from its laterally unsupported upper extremity, while the column remains fixedly anchored thereby eliminating excessive heating and consequent wear.

It is furthermore desirable in gyratory crushers of the type having the head gyratable about a fixed column or stub shaft-with the aid of an intervening rotary eccentric, to have the eccentric provided with an inner bore formed coaxial and coasting directly with the column, while the external eccentric surface which cooperates with a bore in the head, is formed concentric with an axis WJlCh intersects the column axis above the upper end of the column and of the crus-.ing zone. Since the head must be freely rotatable about the eccentric, besides being gyratable thereby, and is also supported solely from the upper extremity of the fixed column or shaft, it is necessary to provide a suitable thrust bearing between the head and column which will permit such free gyration and rotation of the head. While various forms of such thrust bearings have heretofore been proposed, these prior devices were either too complicated, or they were relatively difficult to construct and to assemble, or they were rather inefiicient and insufficiently durable in performance.

It is therefore also a more specific object of my invention to provide an improved thrust bearing between the head and supporting column .or fixed shaft of a gyratory crusher wherein the head is gyratable by an eccentric interposed between the column and the head, which is extremely simple in construction, which may be readily manufactured and assembled, and which is moreover highly eficient and durable in use.

These and other specific objects and advantages of the present invention will be clearly apparent from the following detailed description.

designate the same orsimilar parts in the various views.

aasaed 4 the shaft 5 is finally applied to the frame 4, in order to insure firm radial clamping of the shaft end 24 within the hub 6 when the column shaft 5 is finally positioned. This slightly enlarged 5 tapered shaft end 24 may be snugly confined within the frame bore 23 either by heating the hub gag SQ as-ltoiexpand it gbore 23' and by thereafter inserting: the tapered shaft end 2 3 and shrinking the hub about the shaft, or by forcing Fig. l is a central vertical section through a loathe shaft end 24 longitudinally of its axis into typical gyratory crusher embodying my present invention; and

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary central vertical section through a modified mounting for thehead sup.

porting column of such a gyratorycrushen and described herein as being especially a-ppl i.-. cable to a particular type of gyratory crusher especially adapted for f ne crushing and havinga conical crushing head cooperating with a conicaloutwardly flaring concave to provide .a flaringcrushing zone, it is not my.- .desire or intent to. thereby unnecessarily limit the invention which.

may also. be advantageously applied. to other types. of crushing machines. having differently an annular inner surface or. bore 8. journalled for rotation upon the outer-side surface of the column shaft 5sandalso having Jan-outer annular surface 9 the central axis of which is inclinedrelative to and intersectsthe-central axisofthe bore 8- above the-top of the fixed shaft 5; a

frusto-conical crushing headdll having a central bore rotatably engaging theouter eccentric surthebore 2.3,. The latter of these fastening methads is preferable when it becomes desirable to remove the column shaft 5 from th frame 4, andineither..caseitxis also necessary to provide u; a stopor abutment surface on the shaft 5 in Although the present invention has been shown order to definitely place the shaft in a predetermined-fined position with respect to the main frame when finally applied thereto, and to prevent vertical components of the crushing pres- 2o sures from driving the .:tapered lower end 24 of 5 surface 25.0; the stub shaft 5 constitutes the stop or abutment. and this shaftend surface 2.5 must-be brought intozhorizontal alinement with the low.er.- .t.mniierse surface 2510f the frame hub 6, 'beforethe shaftiis ri idlyv and immovably 39; positioned. This maybe. effectively accomplished by providinga loweniack plate II-which may be firmlyeecured-to; the: bottom of the. hub .5 by meansofisttldsand nuts 28, and by also. providing several-jacking studs 29 at'the lower extremity .of. the shaft-'5. and which pass through openings in the heavy plate 21. By. applying jacking nuts -30:to.these studs.29, the tapered shaft end'ZLmay beadrawn into the hub bore 2.3 untilthelower transverse surfaces .25, .26 coact face 9, the head being provided with anintegral 40. with the. plate 21 whereupon the shaft .5 will be top portion l i-spanning but spaced from thetop of the shaft Sand eccentric l; a thrust block I 2 interposed between the head portion H and the entric n m sh ne h a'bs e o 5" carr ed by w ter-sha t ha in re a.

rivi ley 8. andrwh J' rnel for otat n ma b arin semblag 1 0. e e

to the main frame 4.

: t is f r ma m er anqs hat he u s an ine column aft 5 which i aterally unsuppor d t its up e en an hi hc nst tutes the ole support f the ciehto the cr sh n hea "J; be fi m y suppo t d or mountedat its ette end within the frame hub portion 6. The hub pore tion 6 of th main frame 4 rigidly integrally conn d to the outer annular. rame wa l 2 y means of a series of radiating ribs 2! and a diaphrasm'fl so as to provide ample space for.

d er o e ush d ma er l b ieravity f m the. l wer an u ar discharge o e of u h zone t h p vid sa ro u ry ame as emblage. The hub o ion 6 s previded With a downwa dly. pered ce ral ore 23, and the lower nd .25. ot'ths ub shaf 5 i mila l aperedi l t-flie ex r l ter f t e us e sive ra ve e q t c s f-the ha t.

tap r a p ete al lr sliehtirlarser han. the responding diameters of the-hub bore 23-before firmly clampedinproperposition. This .asse-i blage of" elements may-obviously be readily dismantled soas. to efiectremoval of. the shaft 5, by merely releasing-thenutstfl and by subsequently driving thetapered end 24- out of the hub bore- 23, and :boththeassembling and removal'operations may-obviously be carried on with-ordinarytools.

While thetransverse-stop surf-ace 26 in Fig. l,

isat the lower extremity of the bore 23 and shaft 5,- this'transverse-mayalsobe provided at the upper portion of the tapered shaft surface or end 24,- as'illustrated inFig; 2. In the modification, the shaft- 5 is providedat the upper portion of 5; its tapered end -24; with an integral flange 3i which has a lower transverse surfaceadapted to contact anannular transverse surface -32 formed at the upper endof the-hub bore 23, when the columhsha-fthasbeen driven home.- The lower 60 extremity-of'the shaft-5-need-not contact the jack-plate 2''! in the-modified structure, and the collar flange 3| -p rovides aseal at the top of the clamping join-t when-the parts are assembled.

The modified fastening for the column shaft 5 70 which is laterally unsupportedat its upper end,

against excessive lateral pressures during normal crushing, the gyratory andfreelyrotatable crushinghead"iWandthecrushingconcave l3 shou d be so formedand coeperable'withthe supporting "*column, that *the-majorlateral crushing pressures form a downwardly tapering upper crushing space- 34 followed by a relatively parallel lower finishing or material sizing space 35 within the crushing zone I4. The upper extremity of the fixed column shaft 5 is located considerably below the upper inlet end of the crushing space 34 but above the upper end of the finishing space 35, and the crushing surfaces bounding the zone M are so directed that lateral crushing pressures directed perpendicularly thereagainst, are transmitted through the head It! and eccentric 1 toward the lower fixed or anchored portion of the supporting shaft 5, and not againstits upper laterally unsupported portion. In this manner the stub shaft 5 which is also constructed of such diameter that it will provide ample surface for proper distribution of and resistance to the crushing pressures, is subjected to the major lateral crushing components only near its lower anchored portion and will be less subject to loosening than if these pressures were repeatedly applied against the column top.

As previously indicated, the crushing head H] is freely rotatable about the outer eccentric surface 9 and is gyratable by the eccentric I about the upstanding column shaft 5, and the upper end of the head above the integral supporting portion thereof, may be sealed by a removable feed plate 36, while the lower part of the head may be caused to coact with an annular sealing member 3'! through annular sealing bands 38 formed concentric with the central axis of the crushing head Ill. The sealing member 31 is carried by the ring gear |5 which is secured to the eccentric 1 near the main eccentric supporting thrust bearing 39, and has a sealing ring 40 Which coacts with an inner cylindrical surface of the main frame 4 and which is protected by other annular sealing bands 4| interposed between the member 31 and frame 4. The ring 4|] and bands 4| are formed concentric with the central axis of the column shaft 5 and eccentric bore 8, and this assemblage of sealing elements provides an effective seal for the eccentric l which does not interfere with the free relative rotation of the head and its gyrating eccentric.

In order to permit such free rotation and gymtion of the crushing head II] relative to the fixed column shaft 5, provision must also be made for permitting universal swinging and lateral sliding of the head I relative to the upper end 'of the column upon which the weight of the head is supported through the thrust bearing or block I 2. This is accomplished by providing the column shaft above the upper end of the eccentric I, with a concave spherical zone surface 42 which slidably and rockably coacts with a similar surface formed on the bottom of thrust block l2, both of these spherical zone surfaces being generated about the point of intersection of the head and column axes disposed Well above the crushing zone M. The integral upper portion H of the crushing head III, which spans the thrust plate 2 and the top of the column shaft 5; is provided with a circular central recess within which a wearing plate or disk 43 is confined against rotation by one or more dowel pins 44, and this wearin -dl$k43 has a lower plane surface 45 which cent elements.

slidably engages theupper plane surface of the.

thrust block l2 below the upper inlet end of the crushing zone |4. against a series of circular shims 46 one or more of which may be removed or added so as to vary the vertical position ofthe crushing head l0 relative to the rotary sealing member 3'! in order to insure proper functioning of the sealing bands 38, 4| at all times, and to also compensate for wear between the thrust block l2 and the adjavides a bearing for universally movably supporting the weight of the crushing head In and mantle 33, which is simple and effective and which also permits convenient adjustment of the head relative to the column shaft 5 and rotating sealing member 31.

The details of construction of the crushing concave supporting and adjusting mechanism, constitute no important part of my present invention, but the annular concave |3 with its renewable liner 32, are tiltably mounted upon an annular upper projection 41 formed upon a vertically adjustable supporting ring 48 which is carried by and is adapted to be locked to the outer wall 20 of the main frame 4, by means of an externally threaded locking wedge ring 49. The

supporting ring 48 also carries a reaction splder' 50 through bolts 5|, and compression springs 52 are interposed between the top of the concave l3 and the normally fixed spider and serve to prevent tilting of the concave 3 upon the projection 41 during normal operation of the machine. A feed hopper 53 may also be mounted upon the concave |3 in line with the upper inlet opening of the crushing zone l4, and when abnormally hard material enters the crushing chamber, the springs 52 are adapted to permit the concave .|3 to tilt and to thereby relieve excessive pressures.

During normal operation of the improved gyratory crusher, the drive shaft I1 is. being rotated by power applied to the pulley l8, thereby imparting relatively rapid rotation to the eccentric I through the pinion l6 and ring gear |5. The eccentric will then revolve about the fixed column 5 and upon the thrust bearing 39, and the rotation of the eccentric I will produce rapid gyration of the crushing head l0 and its mantle 33, relative to the concave I3 and liner 32, while at the same time permitting free relative rotation of the head In with respect to the outer eccentric surface 9. The material which is to be crushed, is admitted to the upper end of the crushing zone M from the supply hopper 53, and is subjected to a rapid succession of crushing impulses while it gravitates downwardly through the crushing zone I4. In this manner the admitted material is gradually reduced in size and gravitatestoward the final sizing space 35 wherein it is reduced to uniform siz and from which it is finally delivered from the crushing zone l4. The

final product then gravitates from within thev crushing frame 4 over the diaphragm 22 in a well known manner. While the crusher is thus operating, lubricant should be constantly forced through the passages in the column shaft 5 and should be distributed along grooves in the thrust plate I2; eccentric 1*, head I0, and thrust bear-,

must be maintained in tight condition so as to. prevent foreign matter from entering the lubricating ducts: v

The wearing disk 43 reacts,

This assemblage obviously pro-..

During this normal operation of, ithe crushert the head It will naturally' be'subiected-to vary. ing pressures of relatively-high intensity, sand-by virtue of the improved mountingofuthe -flxed-column shaft 5, and of the head .llll.--and;mantle .33.. the columnshaft will effectivelyr esist. these zpressures without danger. of having the: same become loose. The clamping fit whichxis provided between the lower shaft end--24 and the frame hub: 6, makes it possible to maintain a rlgidanchorage for the upstanding. column' shaf t 5, andrthetformaetion of thecrushingiesurfaces 'of-the head l0 and: mantle 33 so that. the major lateral. crushing pressures are directed toward thezlower portion of the supporting shaft 5; assists the anchorage provided by the lower tapered end 24, in avoid-'- ing possible loosening of the shaft. The dlsposi tion of the upper thrust bearing plate ':i2 below the=upper inlet opening of the crushing zonewm also avoids the application-of undesirable-high.

pressures against the: upperlaterallyunsupported; portion of the columnshaftiS; and this shaftisf thus amply protected ag'a-inst undesirablylhi'gh lateral pressures. The shaft 5:- mayfhowever be readily removed from therframe'zhuh fiihys merely releasing the jack nuts 30 andiforcin'g the-shaft. end 24 out of the bore; 'and lbyfltorming'the spherical socket or concave surface. 4'2 directly in the upper extremityflof theshaft t", the-thrust:

bearingassemblage for supporting. theavetgnt of; the head II] is greatly simplified 'The provision of theshims ii-between the wearingedislr lia? and. the upper head portion. Ill; makes itpo'ssible to vertically adjust the head: Hl to some: extent im order to compensate for wear, but the? primary adjustment for varying thesizeof the crushed: product should-be effected with the aid; ofi the; adjusting wedge rin'g- 49. Theientlre assemblage besides being sturdy'andcompact; may 'bereadilymanufactured and adjusted to meet 'variousmpcrating conditions, and may obviously be adv'antageously utilized in crushers adapted both: :for fine crushing and for relativelyrcoarsecrush- .ing.

From the foregoing detaile'd'descriptlon it will be apparent that my present-invention provides various improvements in the construction and operation ofgyratory crushersof -thetypewhere .in the head is rotatably suppor-ted'by andt1gy-- :ratable about a fixed column; whereby the.-dura-- lbility-and efiiciency'of such structures is enhancedtoa maximum. The improved' anchoring mechanism for fixedly mounting the upstan'ding column" or shaft 5, will positively prevent-possible loosening of this columnrduring mormal operationi while still permittingconvenient-removal thereof; The formation of the columntIS and head lOI-fur thermore provides a =durable structure1- and: pro+- tests the column anchorage against possible loosening by directing the mail or lateral IcIllShiIlg pressures against the'colummnear its fixed base; and theiimproved thrust bearmgrfor transmit tingthe weight of the head against theupper" extremityof thecolumnshaft li maybe readily manufactured and permits "free rotatlonand gyaration of the crushing head 'lll without-undesirable interference. The transverse" positive" stop surfaces for limiting: the downward I insertion" of the? tapered shaft. end" w-ithin' the hub bore 28 shown in both Figs. 1 2and*2;.n"ot :only protect the frame hub 6 against the'idownward' components-1 of Ith'ecrushing pressures;.but alsoidefinitely posi ti'o'nsthe top ofithe zshaftsoathatezth rhead 10 and thesealing bandsifl attheilowerfend thereof will properly cooperate with the annular sealinm member 31; and the shims 46 'which'areprovided: between the thrust block l2 and the wearing disk; 43; may be utilized to compensate for wear and to also insure proper functioning of the bands The entire assemblage permits the production of an extremely compact and durable crusherwherein all parts are amply protected against undesirable loosening and consequent excessive wear, and the crushing assemblage may be'manufactured at moderate cost and may be'advanta-' geously utilized for the reduction of various kinds of relatively hard materials to uniform final-size.-

It should be understood that it is; not desired to limit this-invention to the-exact-details of construction or to the precise mode of operation,

pression and also having an upper plane surface,

an eccentric revolvable about said column, and a crushing head gyratable by said eccentric and having a lower inner plane surface coacting with and slidable laterally of said upper plate surface.

2. In a crusher, a frame having thereon a rigid upstanding column the upper extremity of which is provided with a spherical depression, a thrust plate'having a lower spherical zone surface coacting with and slidable laterally within said depression and also having an upper plane surface, an eccentric revolvable about said column, a crushing head gyratable by said eccentric and having a lower plane surface coacting with and slidable laterally of said upper plate surface,- and means for effecting vertical adjustment of said a bore journal ed for rotation upon said column and being provided with an outer annular surface disposed eccentrically of said bore, and a crushing head having a bore coasting with said outer eccentric surface and being provided with a lower plane surface at the upper inner end of its here which coacts with and is slidable laterally upon said upper plane plate surface.

4'. In combination, a framehaving; thereon a rigid upstanding cylindrical column the upper extremity of which hasa spherical zone surface iormeddirectl'y thereon, a thrust plate'having a;

lowerspherical zone surface'coacti'ng with and rockableupon said columnsurface and also having an upper plane surface; aneccentric-h'avinga borejournalled for rotationupon said columnand being provided with an outer annular sur--- face disposed eccentrically ofsaidboraa crush-- ing head havinga bore coacting with'said outereccentric surface and being provided with a lower inner plane surfaceat the upper end of its bore which coacts with and is slidable laterally upon- Sa-id'upper plane plate surface, and shims-insertible between said headand said plane head surfacelfor varying the elevation of said head relative to said column.

5; In combination, a framehavinga-rigld up standing column provided with an annular guide bearing surface and with a spherical concavity at its top. an eccentric journalled for rotation on said guide bearing surface and having an outer annular surface the central axis of which intersects the generating center of said spherical concavity. and a crushing head freely rotatable about said outer eccentric surface and being gyratable by said concentric relative to said column, said head having a plane portion spanning the said column concavity, and a thrust plate interposed between said plane head portion and said concavity.

6. In a gvratory crusher, a frame having an integral lower hub provided with a downwardly tapered bore and also having a rig d transverse stop surface assoc ated therewith at an end of the hub, a column having an extensive upper bearing portion and a lower downwardly tapered end portion adapted to snugly fit said hub bore and also having a rigid transverse stop surface at the corresponding end of its tapered portion, a pulling device co cting with said frame and column near the bottom of said hub for drawing said tapered column portion axial y into said bore, said stop surfaces being located so that they will coact to prevent further axial movement of said tapered column portion into said hub bore when a predetermined outward radial pressure has been attained within the hub and said tapered frame bore and column portion constituting the sole means of preventing lateral displacement of said column bearing portion relative to the frame, an eccentric journalled for rotation upon said bearing portion, a crusher head coacting with said eccentric, and means for rotating said eccentric to gyrate said head about said column.

7. In a gyratory crusher, a frame having an integral lower hub provided with a downwardly tapered bore and also having a rigid transverse stop surface at the lower end of said bore, a column having an extensive upper bearing portion and a lower downwardly tapered end portion adapted to snugly fit said hub bore and also ha ing a rigid transverse stop surface at the lower end of said tapered portion, a pulling device coacting with said frame and column near the bottom of said hub for drawing said tapered column portion downwardly into said bore, said stop surfaces being located so that they will coact to prevent further downward movement of said tapered column portion into said hub bore when a predetermined outward radial pressure has been attained within the hub and said tapered frame bore and column portion constituting the sole means of preventing lateral displacement of said column bearing portion relative to the frame, an eccentric journalled for rotation upon said bearing portion, a crusher head coacting with said eccentric, and means for rotating said eccentric to gyrate said head about said column.

8. In a gyratory crusher, a frame having an integral lower hub provided with a downwardly tapered bore and also having a rigid transverse stop surface at the upper end of said bore, a column having an extensive upper bearing portion and a lower downwardly tapered end portion adapted to snugly fit said hub bore and also having a rigid transverse stop surface at the upper end of said tapered portion, a pulling device coacting with said frame and column near the bottom of said hub for drawing said tapered column portion downwardly into said bore. said stop surfaces being located so that they will coact to prevent further downward movement of said tapered column portion into said hub bore when a predetermined outward radial pressure has been attained within the hub and said tapered frame bore and column portion constituting the sole means of preventing lateral displacement of said column bearing portion relative to the frame, an eccentric journalled for rotation upon said bearing portion, a crusher head coacting with said eccentric, and means for rotating said eccentric to gyrate said head about said column.

HARVEY H. RUMPEL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Date

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