US2383912A - Window structure - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 28, 1945. G. GARGIULO WINDOW STRUCTURE Filed March 19, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I N VEN TOR.

Aug. 28, 1945. G. GARGIULO WINDOW STRUCTURE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 19, 1941 IN V EN TOR.

Patented Aug. 28, 1945 WINDOW STRUCTURE Gugimlliamhflmamlgnortosnper ventwindowcompany,hliami,l"la.,acorpora- Application M 19, 1941, Serial No. 384,031

This invention relata to window structures with particular reference to the operating mechanismandhasforanobiecttoprovidemechanisms for moving horizontally disposed window sectionsintoopenedandclosedpositionsbya combination of sliding and swinging movements, and by swinging movement alone.

Another object is to provide such mechanim inwhichthepartsaresoconnectedandrelatively disposed that the opening and closing movements are accomplished with very little elfort and strain upon the elements.

Another object consists in providing such mechanism in which the elements acting upon the window sections are adapted to move and be housed within window frames of standard size and shape.

Another object consists in providing such mechanisminwhichtheelementsaresoarranged, proportioned and connected that, immediately following the initial stage of the opening movement, there is a balance established which greatly facilitates and reduces the strain of continued opening movement.

Another object consists in providing such mechanism in which the window sections are very tightly closed and automatically locked in closed position by the normal operation of the parts.

Another object consists in providing such mechanismwhichisparticlflarlywellsuitedtoassociation with a complete window frame so that a unitary structure results that is well adapted for bodily shipment and installation in connection with the construction of as distinguished from the succesive installation of a plurality of parts.

Another object consists in providing such mechanisminwhichthetopframememberofawindow section may be employed as a means for transmitting the opening movement activity at one side of the window frame to the other side thereof, thereby enabling a substantial reduction in the number of operating elements at said other side of the window frame.

Another object consists in providing such mechanism in which the manually operated power elementsmaybesmallinsireandcompactinarrangement with the result of reducing bulk, weight, and space occupied, and improving appearance while maintaining efiicient operation.

A further object consists in providing certain improvements in the fonn, construction, material and arrangement of the several parts whereby the above named and other objects may effectively be attained.

Practical embodimenis of my invention are reprwented in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a broken face view, partly in section, of a complete unit embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section taken in the plane of the line III[ of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 represents a vertical section taken in the plane of the line IiIIlI of Fig. a, locking in the direction of the arrows, with the parts in closed position;

Fig. 4 represents a view-similar to Fig. 3 with the parts in open position;

Fig. 5 represents a detail side elevation, partly in section, showing a modified form of manual actuating mechanism; certain of the parts being shown in diiferent positions in full and dotted lines;

Fig. 6 represents a detail side elevation, partly in section, showing a second modified form of manual actuating mechanism; certain of the parts being shown in diflerent positions in full and dotted lines;

Fig. 7 represents a detail side elevation, partly in section, showing a modified form in which a window section itself transmits the actuating power from one side of the window frame to the other; certain of the parts being shown in differeni; positions in full and dotted lines;

Fig. 8 represents a detail side elevation, partly in section, showing a. modified form of elements connecting and operating the window sections; certain of the parts being shown in diiferent positions in full and dotted lines;

Figs. 9 and 10 represent detail side elevations, partly in section, showing a second modified form of elements connecting and operating the window sections, with the parts in closed and open positions respectively;

Hg. 11 and 12 represent detail side elevations, partly in section, showing another modified form of elements connecting and operating the window sections particularly adapted to constructions wherein the framing is composed of wood, plastics, molded fibrous materials and compositions or the like, with the parts in closed and open positions respectively;

Fig. 13 represents a. horizontal section taken in the plane of the line XII-XIII of Fig. 11, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring to the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the window frame comprises hollow elements including a sill I, a top 2, and side members 3, 4. These elements may be composed of any suitable material but are preferably metallic. Within the window frame is located a pair of window sections having panes 5, 6, mounted in rectangular rims composed of top and bottom members 1, 8, and side members 9, III. The rims of the window sections may also be composed of any desired material, but preferably consist of metal. While I have shown a pair of window sections, it will be evident that any suitable number may be embodied in the window unit. and that the panes may be either transparent or translucent glass or consist of any other desired material including opaque substances.

The operating mechanism comprises a cross shaft II that is located within the hollow sill I and has its ends mounted in bearings I2, I3. Arms I4, l5 have their lower ends pinned, keyed, or otherwise suitably fixed to the extremities of shaft I I and their upper ends ivoted to the lower ends of links I8, I1, which links have their upper ends pivoted to slides I3, I9, respectively, that are housed in the window frame side members 3, 4.

Arm I5 also has its upper end pivoted to the lower end of a shortlink 20 which has its upper end pivoted to the extremity of a power arm 2| that is suitably fixed to a worm gear 22 which is journaled at 23 in a housing 24 which is formed on or secured to the lower part of the window frame and is in open communication with the side member 4 and the adjacent portion of the sill I. The said worm gear 22 meshes with a worm 25 that has bearings 23 mounted in the lower part of housing 24, which bearings may be fitted with any appropriate form of adjustment in order to obtain and maintain satisfactory engagement with the worm gear 22. The worm 25 is keyed, or otherwise fixed, to a short shaft 21 which projects inwardly through the wall of housing 24 and carries a manual operating crank 28 for turning the worm and hence actuating the worm gear and connected parts.

The lower window section has a pair of arms 29, 30 rigidly secured at the top 1 of its rim, which arms have their free ends pivoted at 3I, 32 in the slides I8, I9 for movement therewith. It will be seen by reference to Figs. 3 and 4 that these pivots 3I, 32 are not located on the vertical central line of slides I 8, I9, but are slightly to the rear thereof. Straps 33, 34 are pivoted at 35, 36 to the upper portions of the side members 9, I 0, respectively, of the window section rim, and at 31, 38 to the window frame side members 3, 4. The said pivots 31, 38 lie in slots 39, 49 formed in slides I8, I9, respectively, so that the pivots 31, 38 remain in fixed position regardless of the movement of the slides. A's clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the pivots 31, 38 and slots 39, 40, like the pivots 3|, 32, do not coincide with the center line of the slides I8, I9, but are positioned somewhat to the rear of said line. This arrangement provides for a better balancing of the moving parts in order to facilitate and reduce the force required for and strain of the opening movement after the same has been initiated.

As the upper window section is mounted and connected with the slides I8, I9 in exactly the same way as the lower window section, it is regarded as unnecessary to repeat the description in connection with the upper window section.

In operating the form of construction shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, and assuming the parts to be in closed position as indicated in Fig 1 2,sss,e12

to 3 inclusive. the crank 28 is turned so as to actuate the worm and gear and thereby swing power arm 2| in a counter-clockwise direction toward its position shown in Fig. 4. Through its connection with link 20, this movement of power arm 2I breaks the toggle formed at one side of the window frame by links I5, I1 and, through the connection established by shaft II, breaks the toggle formed at the other side of the window frame by links I4, I6. This movement causes links I6, ll to pull downwardly on slides I8, I9, which movement of the slides correspondingly imparts downward movement to pivots 3I, 32 on arms 29. 30 which, at first, slides the lower window section downwardly and then, through the efiect of straps 33, 34, causes it to swing outwardly and upwardly on pivots 3I, 32. This movement continues until substantially the full length of slots 39, 40 has traversed fixed pivots 31, 38 and the parts have reached the position illustrated in Fig. 4.

As will be seen by examination of the upper portion of Fig. 3, the arms 29, 30 are almost, but not quite, in line with the straps 33, 34 when the parts are in closed position, and the initial downward movement imparted to the pivots 3I, 32 of the arms 29, 30 at once increases the relative angularity of the arms 29, 30 and straps 33, 34. This action is greatly facilitated by the oil-center location of pivots 3I, 32 and 31, 38 because such location, in effect, increases the length of arms 29, 30 and straps 33, 34, thereby adding to the effective gravitational downward pull of the slides and attendant parts, which pull, so to speak, in large part balances the window section forwardly and. rearwardly of pivots 35, 36 because pivots 31, 38 are fixed in the frame while pivots 3I, 32. move downwardly with slides I8, I9 and turn the window section D o 35, 35 at the same time that arms 29, 30 are turning on pivots 3| 32.

When it is desired to close the window from the positions shown in Fig. 4 to those shown in Fig. 3, it is merely necessary to turn crank 28 in the reverse direction, whereupon slides I8, I9 will push upwardly on pivots 3I, 32 and, by imparting a combined sliding and swinging movement to the window sections, will bring them into snug parallelism with the window frame and with the outer flanges H on the rims of the window sections overlapping the window frame while the said flange on the upper window section overlaps the adjacent flange on the lower window section. I prefer to proportion and arrange the parts so that links I5 and I1 on one side and links I4 and IS on the other side have their common pivots thrown slightly to the rear of a direct line between the extremities of said links when the parts are in closed position as represented in Fig. 3. This slight throw past center forms a toggle lock for holding the window sections snugly closed. If desired, a rain shield 42 may be secured to the top of the window frame in order to protect the crack between the upper part of flange 4i and the frame against the ingress of water.

The modified form shown in Fig. 5 is the same as the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive except that the worm gear 22 has a spur gear 43 fixed thereto which meshes with another spur gear 44 mounted in hearings in the housing 24 and engaging a rack '45 formed in the adjacent edge of slide I9. The rotation of gear 44 will, of course, move the slide upwardly or downwardly according to the direction of said rotation, anc' 2,sas,912

this movement is imparted to the elements at the opposite side of the window frame by toggle links 46, 41 which are pivoted to the lower end of-the slide l9, to the extremity of shaft II, and to each other. Corresponding toggle links are, of

urse, located and similarly connected at the opposite side of'the window frame. The manner of operating this modified form is so like that of the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, that no additional description is believed to be required.

In the modified form shown in Fig. 6, the parts are the same as in Fig, 5 except that the lower end of slide is has a laterally projecting bracket l8 flxed thereto, the rearward end of which carries a downwardly extending externally threaded rod 49 that meshes with an internally threaded sleeve 50 which is mounted on a stud 51- set in the lower part of housing 24. The said sleeve carries a bevel gear 52 at its lower end which meshes with another bevel gear I! that is fast on the shaft connected with hand crank 28.

It will be clear that the turning of hand crank 28 will rotate gear 53 which will in turn rotate gear 52 and connected sleeve 50, whereupon the coaction of the screw threads will cause threaded rod l9 to be raised or lowered according to the direction of rotation and to carry slide is with it. This movement of the slide will be transmitted to the parts at the opp site side of the windgw frame as described in the form shown in Fig.

Turning now to the form of apparatus shown in Fig. 7, it will at first be noted that cross shaft Ii and its connected parts are entirely omitted. This form has a worm and worm gear arranged and Operated as in the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, but the worm gear has fixed thereto a power arm 54 that has its extremity pivoted to a link 55 which is connected directly at 56 to slide IS. The swinging of power arm 54 by manual rotation of the worm and worm gear will raise and lower slide i9, and this movement is transmitted to slide l8 on the other side of the window frame through arms 29, 30 and their connection with the top of the rim of the lower window section. This elimination of the cross shaft ll, its mounting and connected parts provides a substantial economy in manufacturing cost.

In the modified form illustrated in Fig. 8 the parts are the same as in the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, except that the arms 29. 30 have their extremities fixedly pivoted in each side of the window frame as indicated at 51, while straps 33, 34 have their inner ends pivoted to the slides i8, is, as indicated at 58.

In the operation of this modified form. the upward and downward movement of the slides causes the straps 33, 34 to swing the window sections around the fixed pivots 51 which act like hinge pivots, as distinguished from the combined sliding and swinging movement of the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive.

The modified form shown in Figs. 9 and has each window section secured by hinges 59 to each side of the front of the window frame, while curved straps 80 have their outer ends pivoted to each side of the window section rim near the upper part thereof, and their inner ends pivoted to slides 8|, which are plain as distinguished from being slotted but move rp-- of the form shown in Fig. 8, and the curving of straps 60 facilitates their function while permitting their inner ends to be moved upwardly and downwardly in a straight line and the complete housing of the straps within the window frame when the parts are closed.

Finally, the modified form shown in Figs. 11, 12 and 13 has the window frame 62 and the window section rim i3 composed of wood. Arms, one of which is shown and marked 64, are suitably secured to each side of the window section rim 8!, as by screws 65, and their projecting ends are pivoted, as indicated at 66, to a pair of slides. one of which is shown and marked 61. The said slides are held in position on the window frame 62 by clips 68 which are fixed to the frame, as by screws 69. Two straps, one of which is shown and marked III, are pivoted, as indicated at H, to each side of th window section rim 63, being preferably pivoted directly to parts of the arms 64 that are fixed to the said section rim, and the outer ends of said strap 10 are pivoted, as indicated at 12, to the clips 88.

It will be clear that th arms 64 in this modified form correspond to the hereinabove described arms 29, 30; that the straps I0 correspond to the hereinabove described straps 33, 34; and that the slides 6'! correspond to the hereinabove described slides i8, i9: and that the operation is the same as that described in connection with the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive. As indicated in Fig. 11, there are spaces between the side window frame members and upper frame member to receive the arms 64 and the upper ends of slides 61 when the parts are closed. Also as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the upper window frame member is provided with a recess 13 fitted to house the upper edge of the window section and provide better protection against the weather when the section is closed.

In regard to all the forms shown, I would note that any one of the kinds of manual actuating mechanism shown and described may be used in connection with any one of the kinds of win dow section mounting and connecting mechanism; so that I do not wish the fact that I have shown a certain form of one part of the mechanism with a certain form of another part of the mechanism to be understood as indicating that the features are not interchangeable in the way just described.

The structures herein represented combine elliciency with simplicity and economy in manufacture, and their practical and commercial advantages relate importantly to their adaptability for output on a large scale and installation as units during the construction of buildings without the necessity of departure from approved and standard parts and methods of construction generally adopted in the majority of building operations. The actuation of the parts requires no substantial exertion of strength. It is quiet, smooth and effective in operation and insures a rapid and wide opening as well as a rapid and tight closing which largely, if not entirely. eliminates rattling and leakage. I have previously mentioned that any suitable material may be used in forming the elements of this structure, although metal is preferred, and I may'add that the construction lends itself well to an entire metallic unit with the best or appropriate metals selected for the difierent parts being left to the choice or judgment of the architect, designer, or manufacturer. Furthermore, as hereinabove indicated in connection with the form shown in Figs.

11, 12 and 13, the construction is adapted to the useof wood, plastics, molded fibrous materials and compositions or the like.

I desire it to be understood that various changes may be resorted to in the form. construction, material, and arrangement of the several parts without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, and hence I do not intend to be limited to the details herein shown and described except as they may be included in the claims. V 1

What I claim is:

l. A device of the character described comprising, a window section, a frame therefor, means securing the section to the frame, and mechanism for opening and closing thesection by sliding and swinging motion, said mechanism including a slide mounted in one side of the frame, a pair of toggle links pivoted to each other and connected to said slide and to said frame, a power arm connected to the pivot of said toggle links, and means for moving said power arm to make and break thetoggle.

2. A device of the character described comprising, a window section, a frame therefor, means securing the section to the frame, and mechanism for opening and closing the section by sliding and swinging motion, said mechanism including a slide mounted in one side of the frame, a pair of toggle links pivoted to each other and connected to said slide and to said frame, a power arm, a third link connecting said power arm with the pivot of said toggle links, and means for moving said power arm to make and break the toggle.

3. A device of the character described comprising, a window section, a frame therefor, means securing the section to the frame, and mechanism for opening and closing the section by sliding and swinging motion, said mechanism including a slide mounted in one side of the frame, a pair of toggle links pivoted to each other and connected to said slide and to said frame, a power arm connected to the pivot of said toggle links, means for moving said power arm to make and break the toggle, a second slide mounted in the other side of the frame. a second pair of toggle links connected to said slide and to said frame, and means interconnecting said pairs of toggle links to cause them to move in unison,

4. A device of the character described comprising, a window section, a. frame therefor, means securing the section to the frame, and mechanism for opening and closing the section by sliding and swinging motion, said mechanism including a slide mounted in one side of the frame, a pair of toggle links pivoted to each other and connected to said slide and to said frame, a power arm, a third link connecting said power arm with the pivot of said toggle links,

means for moving said power arm to make and break the toggle, a second slide mounted in the other side of the frame, a second pair of toggle links connected to said slide and to said frame, and means interconnecting said pairs of toggle links to cause them to move in unison.

5. A device of the character described comprising, a window section, a frame therefor, and mechanism for securing the section to the frame and imparting combined sliding and swinging motion to the section for opening and closing it, said mechanism including a slide mounted in the frame between the section and the frame, a pivot about which the section swings positioned in the frame between the section and the frame, an operating element connected to the section and having a pivot positioned in the frame between the section and the frame, all of said mechanism being housed in the space between the section and the frame when the section is closed, and geared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame to move one of said pivots toward and away from the other'for opening and closing the section.

6. A device of the character described comprising, a window section, a frame therefor, and

mechanism for securing the section to the frame and imparting combined sliding and swinging said mechanism including a slide mounted in the frame between the section and the frame, a pivot about which the section swings positioned in the frame between the section and the frame, an operating element connected to the section and having a pivot positioned in the frame between the section and the frame, all of said mechanism being housed in the space between the section and the frame when the section is closed, and geared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame to move said first named pivot toward and away from said last named pivot for opening and closing the section.

7. A device of the; character described comprising, a plurality ofwindow sections, a frame therefor, and mechanism for securing'the sections to the frame and imparting combined sliding and swinging motion to the sections for opening and closing them, said mechanism including a slide mounted in the frame between the sections and the frame, pivots about which the sections swing positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, operating elements connected to the sections and having pivots positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, all of said mechanism being housed in the space between the sections and the frame when the sections are closed, and geared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame to move certain of said pivots toward and away from the others for opening and closing the sections.

8. A device of the character described comprising, a plurality of window sections, a frame therefor, and mechanism for securing the s ctions to the frame and imparting combined sliding and swinging motion to the sections-for opening and closing them, said mechanism includin a slide mounted in the frame between the sections and the frame, pivots about which the sections swing positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, operating elements connected to the sections and having pivots positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, all of said mechanism being housed in the space between the sections and the frame when the sections are closed, and geared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame to move said first named pivots toward and away an operating element connected to the section and havin a pivot positioned in the frame between the section and the frame, said pivots being located rearwardly of the longitudinal center of the slide, all of said mechanism being housed in the space between the section and the frame when the section is closed, and geared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame to move one of said pivots toward and away from the other for opening and closing the section.

10. A device of the character described comprising, a window section, a frame therefor, and mechanism for securing the section to the frame and imparting combined sliding and swinging motion to the section for opening and closing it, said mechanism including a slide mounted in the frame between the section and the frame, a pivot about which the section swings positioned in the frame between the section and the frame, an operating element connected to the section and having a pivot positioned in the frame between the secticn and the frame, said pivots being located rearwardly of the longitudinal center of the slide, all of said mechanism being housed in the space between the section and the frame when the section is closed, and geared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame to move said first named pivot toward and away from said last named pivot for opening and closing the section.

11. A device of the prising,

character described coma plurality of window sections, a frame therefor, and mechanism for securing the sections to the frame and imparting combined sliding and swinging motion to the sections for opening and closing them, said mechanism including a slide mounted in the frame between the sections and the frame, pivots about which the sections swing positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, operating elements connected to the sections and having pivots positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, said pivots being located rearwardly of the longitudinal center of the slide, all of said mechanism being housed in the space between frame when the sections are closed, and geared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame to move certain of said pivots toward and away from the others for opening and closing the sections.

12. A device of the character -described comprising, a plurality of window sections, a frame therefor, and mechanism for securing the sections to the frame and imparting combined sliding and swinging motion to the sections for opening and closing them, said mechanism including a slide mounted in the frame between the sections and the frame, pivots about which the sections swing positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, operating elements connected to the sections and having pivots positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, said pivots being located rearwardly of the longitudinal center of the slide, all of said mechanism being housed in the space between the sections and the frame when the sections are closed, and geared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame to move said first named pivots toward and away from said last named pivots for opening and closing the sections.

13. A device of the character described comprising, a, plurality of window sections, a frame therefor, and mechanism for securing the sections to the frame and imparting combined sliding and swinging motion to the sections for opening and closing them, said mechanism including a slotted slide mounted in the frame between the sections and the frame, pivots about which the sections swing positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, operating elements connected to the sections and having pivots positioned in the frame, between the sections and the frame, said last named pivots passing through the slot in said slide to enter the frame and all of said mechanism being housed in the space between the sections and the frame when the sections are closed, and eared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame to move said first named pivots toward and away from the others for opening and closing the sections.

14. A device of the character described com prising, a plurality of window sections, a frame therefor, and mechanism for securing the sections to the frame and imparting combined sliding and swinging motion to the sections for opening and closing them, said mechanism including a slotted slide mounted in the frame between the sections and the frame, pivots about which the sections swing positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, operating elements connected to the sections and having pivots positioned in the frame between the sections and the frame, said last named pivots passing through the slot in said slide to enter the frame and all of said pivots being located rearwardly of the longitudinal center of the slide, all of said mechanism being housed in the space between the sections and the frame when the sections are closed, and geared actuating means for reciprocating the slide in the frame. to move said first named pivots toward and away from the others for opening and closing the sections.

GIUSEPPE GARGIULO.

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