US2379454A - Mechanical movement - Google Patents

Description

July 3, 1945. w, NQWKA 2,379,454

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT 7 Filed July 24, 1945 7 Sheets- Sheet l INVENTOR WE/P/VE/P A/O/V/fA ATTORNEYS July 3, 1945. w NQWKA 2,379,454

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed July 24, 1945 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG; 6.

Zc INVENTOR WEQ/VEA A o/v/m ATTORNEYS y 1945' w. NOWKA MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed July 24, 1943 '7 Sheets-Sheet 3 MYUINMILN RK m mm m wNfl m MR 0M 5 y 1945- w. NOWKA MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed July 24, 1945 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR WE/P/VER A/o/v/m 4- faith ATTO RNEYS '7 Sheets-Sheet -w. NOWKA MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filed July 24, 1945 flfiJ- y 3 1 4 i NMUIN July 3, w NOWKA MECHANICAL MOVEMENT 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July 24, 1945 \NVENTOR WERNER Now/(A BY D ATTORNEYS WITNESS.

1"? 3; 945. .i WK I 2,379,454 I Q I I MECHANICAL MOVIEMEINT Filed July 24, 1945 7 Sheets$heet 7 FIGJZ f V v l c INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented July 3, 1945 UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,379,454 MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Werner Nowka, Garden City, N. Y., assignor to Varispeed Corporation, Dover, Del.

Application July 24, 1943, Serial No. 496,002

19 Claims.

This invention relates to mechanical movements for application to power transmissions, and more particularly to variable speed transmissions.

This invention is based upon a variation and extension of the fundamental principle embodied in my prior patent for Mechanical movement, No. 2,322,539, granted June 22, 1943.

The principal object of, the invention resides in a mechanical movement for transmitting rotary motion from a driving element to a driven element by means of a driving element which is Figure 13 is a sideelevatlonal view partly in section of a further modified form of mechanical .speed transmission embodying the principle of my invention.

Figure 14 is a detail horizontal sectional view on the line |4l4 of Figure 13. I

Figure is a. vertical transverse sectional view so shaped as to form an angle with respect to I the dlrection'of its forward rotary movement and which functions to displace a driven element whose rotary movement is determined by guiding means, in the direction of such guiding means by a distance depending upon the relationship of the driving angle and the said direction of the guiding means.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mechanical movement for use in variable speed transmission, wherein a driving element is mounted on a drive shaft for rotation at a constant speed in such manner asto form an angle with the direction of rotation for rotating a driven element which is so-shaped or mounted as to allow its movement only in a fixed direction, and

forward in such fixed direction at a speed depending upon the relationship of the driving angle and the said direction of driven movement.

Other novel features of the invention will become apparent as the specification is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figures 1, 2, and 3 are diagrammatic views' illustrating the fundamental principle embodied in the present invention.

Figure 4 is a sideelevational view of mechanical equivalents of the elements indicated in-Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 5-5 of Flgure'4.

Figure 6 is a side elevational view .of other mechanical equivalents'of-the elements shown in Figure 1. i 1

Figure '7 is a. side elevational view of mechanical equivalents of the elements indicated in Figure 2.

Figure 16 is a side elevational view of the reaction rings shown in Figure 13.

Figure 17 is adiagrammatic view similar to Figure 1, but-showing position and direction of the driving element reversed from that shown therein. v

Figure 18 is a diagrammatic plan view of the spherical shaped body in flattened condition when turning in clockwise direction.

Figure 19 is a view similar to Figure 18 but showing the positionof the parts when the body is turning in a counterclockwise direction.

Referring to the drawings by reference charactersand at presenttothe diagrammaticview shown in Figure l, the numeral l designates a triangular shaped driving element moving forward under the influence of a propelling force in the direction of the arrow F. A triangular shaped drivenelement 2, which in this instance is intended for sliding movement, although in I practical use, the movement is rotatable as will is defined as the driven angle and will be so re- Figure 8 is a, vertical longitudinal sectional view of a variable speed transmission 'embodying the principle of my mechanical movement.

Figure 9 is a detail vertical sectional view on the line 9-9 of Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a detail sectional view illustrating the driven element in a tilted driven position.

Figure 11 is a vertical transverse sectional view on the line I l--l l of Figure 8.

Figure 12 is a detail side elevational view of the driven element per se.

ferred to hereinafter.

The angularsurface of the driven element 2 ism operating. contact with a third essential element of thezmovement, namely, a reaction element, herein shown as a roller 8. 7

By reference to Figure 1, it will be seen that as the'driving element 1 moves forward a distance designated d to the position indicated in dotted lines, the driven element 2 rolls forward against the reaction element 3 in a direction determined bydriven angle B to the position shown in dotted lines. The total forward movement of the driven element 2 in the driving direction F is therefore the distance d, which depends upon the driving distance d and the relationship of the driving angle A and the driven angle B. Therefore, for any distance d of the forward movement of the driving element l, the resulting forward movement (1 of the driven element2 becomes variable, if either the driving angle A or the driven angle B becomes variable.

Figure 2 of the drawings illustrates a slight variation of the principle set forth in Figure 1. In Figure 2, the reference character I represents a driving element moving forward in the direction of the arrow F and forms the driving angle A with the said driving direction as in the diagram shown in Figure 1. The driven element is designated 2 and in this instance it constitutes a roller, while the reaction element 3 forms the angle B or what is termed the driven angle with the direction of driving movement F. As related to the driving angle A and driven angle B as defined, the forward movement d of the driven element 2 resulting from the forward movement d of driving element I, is the same as in Figure 1 except that in Figure l the driven angle B is the remains constant in all changes of the driving angle A. v

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the actual relationship of the resulting forward movement of the driven element to both the driving and driven angles-of the diagrammatic showings in Figures 1 and 2. In Figure 3, A is the driving angle corresponding to the angles A and A in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively, and B is the driven angle, resulting from the difference of contact angle C and driving angle A equivalent to the driven angle B in Figure 1 or formed by construction equivalent to the driven angle B in Figure 2. Any point P on the inclined surface of the driving element I is chosen and. shown moved forward along the leg of the driven angle 13 to the position P due to the forward movement d of the driving element l to the position shown in dotted lines. A parallel to the direction of driving movement through point P' intersects the leg of the driving angle A in point 0. From the resulting triangle 0, P, P, the displacement P, P, along the leg of the driven angle is seen to be:

d sin A P- Pl equals m equals equals From the foregoing analysis of the movement employed in the present invention, it is apparequals cut that, while the forward movement of the driven element in the direction of the driving movement depends upon the relationship of both. the driving angle and the driven angle, it results from the fact that the primary displace ment or the actual movement of the driven element occurs in the direction solely determined by the driven angle as defined, whether dependent on the driving angle as in Figure l or independent of the driving angle as in Figure 2. In other words, the driven angle serves as a guide for the resulting forward movement of the driven element and may therefore be properly called a guide angle. This function of the driven angle as guide angle isespecially emphasized at this time because it forms an extremely important feature of the new mechanical movement emplo'yedin the present invention as will be more, clearly understood hereinafter.

By reference to Figures 4 to 'l' inclusive, it will be seen that I have embodied in mechanical equivalents, the fundamental elements which are diagrammatically illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. The mechanical elements'thereby illustrated in Figures 4 to '7 are not intended to show the application of these principles in a continued drive, but merely to show mechanical elements embodying the fundamentals of the motion itself.

In Figures 4 and 5, the inclined surface of the driving-element I of Figure 1 constitutes the disk l which is fixed to one end of a drive shaft 4 so as to form an angle A 'with its direction of rotation F corresponding to the driving angle A in Figure 1. The driven element 2 of Figure 1 is represented by the driven element 2 in Figures 4 and 5 and which consists of an annular ringlike body mounted for universal movement by a ball joint 5 upon the end of a driven shaft 6, the

latter being mounted in co-axial relation to the driving shaft 4. The driven element 2 is provided with an arcuate slot 1 forming acontact angle C with the inclined surface of the disk l resulting in the driven or guide angle B with reference to the direction of rotation F The third essential element for the functioning of this improved mechanical movement, namely, the reaction elementfi referred to in Figure l is here identified and roller 3 in cooperating contact with the arcuate or inclined slot I and which roller is rotatably mounted on the inner end of a stud 8. It is evident that this arrangement of mechanical parts exactly corresponds to the elements diagrammaticallyillustrated in Figure'l and that, if the drive shaft l with its angular driving element l rotates in the direction shown (clockwise) the driven element 2 rotates forward in the direction determined by the guide angle 3* against roller 3 in precisely the manner described in connection with Figure 1 and Figure 3.

Figure 6 illustrates a mechanical movement which is identical to that shown in Figures 4 and 5, except that the guide angle B is created by providing a stud 9 on the driven element 2 there being an eccentric In mounted on the stud 9 which has its periphery in contact with a reaction surface 3. The angle B in this instance is formed by one-half of the circumference of the eccentric as the base and twice the eccentricity as the height. The driving element I is the same as in Figures 4 and-5, forming the same driving angle A with the direction of rotation.

Figure '7 illustrates mechanical elements equivalent to the diagrammatic showing in Figure 2, wherein the driven or guide angle is provided in magnitude of this applied force is determined by the reaction element rather than in the driven element. The reaction element is designated 3 and has an arcuate slot ll therein forming the guide angle 3 with the direction of rotation I of drive shaft 4. The driven element 2 is proelements embodying the fundamental principles involved improvedmeohanical movement,

the saidmo've'ment fmay -bebriefiy defined as follows:

A driving element so shaped-as to form an angle with the direction of its-forward movement,

displaces a driven elementv whose movement is determined bya guiding means,-',in a direction of such guiding means by a distance depending upon the relationship of thedrivin'g angle and the said direction of "said guiding means. The movement may also'be defined in the following terms? A driving element mounted on a drive shaft rotating at constant'speed, in such manner as of nutation that it is likely to be confused therewith. It isimportant at this point to stress the fact that the movement of the driven element constituting the essence of this invention, even if thus mounted on aball joint, is not that of nutation, but an entirely new movement. resulting from the displacement of a driven element in a direction forced by guiding means as has been clearly set forth hereinbefore. This recent state- 0 ment of the invention is believed essential, in

view of the fact that nutation has been used before as a base for speed variation, notably by C. W. Weiss, in his U. S. Letters Patent No. 1,146,982 dated July 20, 1915, and which is entirely based upon the transformation or translation of nutation into rotation, and wherein the-variation ofspeed isobtained by changing the angleof the axisof a purely nutating body.

The'structural, as well as the fundamental difference between nutation transformed into rotation, and the new mechanical movement of the present invention having thus been clearly established; it only remains to show the incorporation of the principle Of, the improved mechanical movement in a power transmission with variable speed, which is-so shown in Figures 8 to 12 inclusive, wherein a complete variable speed transmissionisshown embodying the above defined principles, and in which the guiding means are proto form an angle. with the direction fO'f' rotation, ;vided in the driven element, while in Figures 13 rotates a driven element so shaped or. mounted as to allow its movement only in a flxed-direction, forward in such fixed direction'at a speed depending upon the relationship of the driving angle and the said direction of driven movement.

as well i as in terms a of motion as has-been done fit is'also'apparent that this improved mechanidrive shaft mounted conveniently in bearings 22 cal-movement maybe defined in terms of force T to 16, these same principles are shown incorporated in a construction wherein the guide means are provided in the reaction means, as will 1 pear in full detail in the following description.

The numeral 2| (Figures 8, 9, and 10) shows a and which may be connected with any source of rotating power andhas one of its ends provided before, To illustrate, reference is again "made with a head 23 which is provided with a circular to' Figure '1 of,'thedrawings*wherein the driving groove 24. A correspondingly shaped driving eleelement I 'isnow 'considered asi-a wedge moving forward in the direction of thearrow F with a primary or' -vdr'ivin'g force. 'l'husgit is apparent that this driving. force exerts a greatly multiplied applied force .upon'the driven element 2 in a direction indicatedby the arrow P, or a general axial direction when referring to the rotating mechanical elements shown in Figure 4, and the force,- displaces a driven element in a direction determined by guide means. at a speed depending upon the relationship between-the. direction of the guide means and the saidapplied axial force.

It only. remains to show how the movement hereinbefore defined may beincorporated into a mechanical power transmission device with variable speed. However, before going into a detailed description of a complete device based on the aforesaid fundamental principles together with other novel features and improvements, ad-

ditional explanation is believed to be in order.

' Figures; i to inclusive illustrate the essential mechanical elements of the invention, wherein the-driven element is, shown mounted on a ball joint or its equivalent, which means that the driven element is so mounted that itis free to rotate about a point rather than about an axis, and therefore, not only in onedirection, but in all directions. The driven element, then, is free ,ment 251s slidably mounted in the groove 24 Means is provided for controlling the position of the driving element 25 relative to the plane of rotation of the driving shaft 2|. Such means includes a link 23 which has one of its ends pivoted in a slot 23 provided in the driving element 25 and its other end pivotally connected to one end of a member 21 which is slidably mounted in a groove 28 axially provided on the driv shaft 21 and its head 23. The slide member 21 is provided with a recess which receives the inner race of a bearing ring 30, the outer race of which is mounted in a circular recess 3| provided in a yoke-shaped member 32. The member 32 is drilled and tapped to fit the threaded portion 32, of a shaft 33 rotatablymounted in a housing 34 and which shaft 33 is in parallel relation to the drive shaft 2|. This arrangement is more clearly seen in Figure 9, showing these parts insection and elevation. Fixed to the threaded shaft 33 is abevel gear 35 which has constant meshing engagement with a companion bevel gear 35 fixedly mounted'on th inner end of a shaft 36. The shaft 36 is Journald in a bearing provided in the housing 34 and the outer end thereof has a hand-' wheel 31 ilxedthereto. By the manual turning 0f the hand wheel 31, axial movement is imparted o tothe member 32, and thereby to the bearing and slide member 21.

tion of the control means or control mechanism is shown, in which the face of the driving .to undergo amovement so closely resembling that 76 hand-wheel 31 is turned, the threaded shaft 33 In Figure 8 of the drawings, the initial position of the drive shaft 2|, thereby displacing the driving element 25 through the link 26 into the angular position shown in Figure 10. Thus it will be understood that the aforesaid parts and their operation constitute a means for varying the angularity of the driving element 25 with respect to the direction of rotation of th drive shaft 2|.

For creating an operating contact between the driving element 25 and a conveniently shaped driven element 38, I provide an'annular seat 39 on the face of the driving element 25 and a complementary seat 48 on the confrontin portion of the driven element 38 to receive a radial thrust bearing 4|. The driving element 25 and the driven element 38 are thus in continuous rolling contact, and it is the angularity of this contact which constitutes the driving angle as formerly defined, and by reason of the link 26 and its oper. ating mechanism, the driving angle, and thereby the speed of the driven element maybe made variable.

In order to insure a continuous forward rotation of the driven element 38 in a fixed direction,

the necessary guiding means must be provided.

The guiding means in this instance embodies an annular series of equidistantly spaced overlapping arcuate grooves 42 provided in the outer peripheral surfac of the driven element 38, and forming an-angle with the face of the drivemember 25 corresponding to the contact angle C of Figure 1, which grooves correspond in function to the arcuate slot 1 shown in Figure 4, and which may be more clearly seen in Figure 12, in which the said driven element 38 is shown independently. The series of arcuate grooves 42 respectively cooperate with balls 43, which bails not Only contact the walls of the grooves 42 but also the walls of-a corresponding groove 44 provided in the inner peripheral wall of a fixed ring 45 in the plane of rotation of the drive shaft 2| and concentric therewith.

To prevent any back slip of the balls 43, each is placed within a clutch arrangement which in this instance is shown as a gliding plate 48 formed with an inclined recess 41 and a roller 48 seated in the recess and contacting the inner peripheral wall of the fixed ring 45, the cross section in Figure 11 showing this arrangement more clearly. Thus it will be understood that as the drive shaft 2| rotates, no movement will be imparted to the driven element 38 as long as the latter remains in its initial position, that is, with the contact bearing 4! parallel to the plane of rotation. However, as the position of the drive element 25 is changed in the manner hereinbefore described, a driving angle is formed, whereupon the driven element 38 is forced against one of the series of balls 43, which ball then becomes the operating ball. As long as the driving force and consequent applied force is acting against this particular operating ball, the latter is held stationary by its associated clutch device and the driven element 38 1s rotated forward in the direction determined by the angularity of the groove 42 in conjunction with the angularity oi the driving angle or the applied axial force generated by the wedge action due to the inclination of the shaft 2|, the applied force acts against the nextsucce eding ball 43, which'then becomes the operating ball until all alls have operated during one complete revolution of the drive shaft 2|. BY reason of the aforesaid construction and operation, 'one ball after th other in circumferential succession serves as a reaction element for its respective groove 42, which results in imparting a continued forward rotation to the driven element 38, a rotation made variable by the variation of the driving angle as previously explained.

In order to impart the forward rotation of the driven element 38 in the thus guided direction to the driven shaft 49, a flexible coupling between the driven element 38 and the driven shaft 49 is provided in the following manner. The driven shaft 49 is rotatably mounted in bearings 58 provided in one end of the housing 34 and co-axially dis posed with respect to drive shaft 2|. The driven element 38 is mounted on the driven shaft 49 by means of an intermediate ring H which is connected to the inner end of the driven shaft 49 by a pair of aiined pinsr52, while the ring 5| supports the driven element 38 by means of a pair of alined pins 53, the axis of the latter pins being disposed at right angle to the axis of the pins 52 as best illustrated in Figure 11. i

In Figures 13 to 16 inclusive I have shown an alternate construction of my invention which in all essentials is identical to that shown in Figures 8 to 12 inclusive, except that the guide means is provided in the reaction elements rather than the driven element, as will appear further on. In the description and drawings, corresponding parts 'will be referred to by like reference characters.

The said guide means which determines the direction and speed of rotation of the driven element, is in tris case provided with two rings NH and 182, the ring K82 being within the ring |0|, both of which are rotatably mounted in the housing 34 by eccentric rollers I84 which travel in annular grooves I85 provided in the housing 34. Each ring If and I82 is provided with a pair'of opposite inclined slots, those of the outer ring ||l| being designated Hi6 and those of the inner ring I82 being designated I01. The inclination of the slots I86 in the outer ring is opposite to that of the slots l8! in the inner ring so that they assume a crossing relation. In Figure 16 the relationship of these slots is shown in an elevation of these two rings.

The driven element 38 is mounted on the driven shaft 49 by means of a flexible coupling as shown in Figure 8, and is in operative engagement with the driving element 25 which is ad- .iustably mounted on the drive shaft 2| as heretofo're explained.

The driven element 38 is provided with a pair of opposed radially disposed pins 38, each of which carries rollers me and H0 which are respectively disposed in the slots |88 and ill? for rolling contact with the inclined side walls thereof.

The operation of the form of the invention shown in Figures 13 to 16 is similar to that shown in the previous construction, for as the drive shaft 2| rotates with the driving element 38 in its initial position as shown in Figure 13, no axial force is exerted on the driven element. and therefore, there is no rotation of the driven element. However, when the driven element 33 is given an inclination, a driving angle is created which transmits an axial wedge force from the driving element 25 to the driven element 38 which forces the rollers I88 and H8 against the inclined surfaces of the respective slots 18% and ifl'i. It is apparent that as the driving element 25 conand in (the direction shown'lat right 'an'g'les to inclined? u face o dawns elemen I Y a'sin Fi I ,ure 4, this is in a general direction of the axis aavaesc tinually rotates, the axial-pressure ofithe rollers against the inclined surfaces of the slots derived from the axial force generated by the 1 drive member is exerted alternately forward and backward. It is for this reason that the rings IOI and I02 are provided with the slots I06 and I! respectively, whose inclination is opposite one another with respect to the direction of rotation of the driving element 25. The forward rotation of the driven element 38'- is therefore alternately forced in the direction of the slots I01 in the inner ring I02 and in the direction of the slots one direction and the rollers I lllrolling forward along the inclined surface of the walls ofthe slots 106 in the outer ring IOI, during one-half revolution of the'drive shaft 2I, andjtherefore, dur- I ing one-half revolution, the pins *I081Jand thereby 5. the driven element 38*. will be axially forced in" 1, the only difference being the position and direction of movement of the driving element I.

If the driving element I movesfrom its initial position shown in full lines by the distance (1 to the position shown in dotted lines, a force in the direction at right angles to the inclined surface of the said driving element is again gen erated, shown by the arrow P or, if referred to rotating elements such as shown in Figure 4;

again in the general. direction of the axis of rotation. 1 I

This means thatthe driven element 2 1s forced against the reaction roller 3 in the same general direction asthe driven element 2 in Figure V1'. The resultant forward movement of the said driven element 2 against ,the reaction roller 3 IIl'Iof the inner ring m.- During; this onehalf.

revolution of the drive shaft, theinner ring I02 is stationary; while the rollers I00 engaging the "inclined surfaces of the slot I06 of the-outer ring I01, causing the outer ring- III to rotate forwardly a corresponding distance. Duringthe sec- 0nd half revolutiont'ofthe drive shaft .p2 l, the- "rollers I09 and I10..are-axially' forced iirthe opposite .directioniwithgthe -resultithat the outer' ring IOI becomes stationary, while the rollers I06'move forward along the inclined surface of the slots I06 in the outer ring I0 I, while the inner rollers IIO force the inner ring I02 to rotate forwardly.

Y can therefore-only occur in the direction indicated by..the arrow R determined'by the relationship between the driving angle A and the driven angle B exactly as before. The driven element 2 has thereby moved from its original position shown in full lines to that shown in Thus it will be understood that during the continuou rotation of the drive shaft 2I and driving element .25, the rings IIII and I02 alternately become active and inactive. Each ring during its active period becomes stationary and forms the guide means to force the direction of forward rotation of the driven element 38, and during its inactive period it moves along to be in place to again perform its operative function.

The eccentric rollers I04 act to prevent back slippage of the rings during their active periods ,dotted lines by the distance d corresponding to the distance d, in Figure 1.

Asapplied to the complete unit as otherwise ful lydescribed 'a;bove, this feature is more speci- 'flcally'i-llustrated in'Figure 18 and Figure 19, to

which reference is now made; i "F0rthe sake f'greater cleamess, the driven element, shown in the drawings in the form of a partly spherical shaped body 38, provided with the inclined grooves 02, is shown in Figure 18 and Figure 19 flattened out into the element 5 shown in its original position in full lines and provided with the inclined grooves 6.

Corresponding to the balls 43 in the drawings,

the balls I 2 3 and 4 are shown in Figand they act as clutches in a manner similar to that of the slide clutch plate .46 and'rollers'fl of;

the guide means regardless of the direction of roforwardmovement of lth'e driving:- ele'men-t I in the directionindicated by'thearrow F, but rather indirectly to the-applied; force-indicated-by the arrow P, generated by the impellingforce" F,

Referrin'g'to rotating -'elements such of rotation.

Since-then, the forward movement of the driven element is due to the force P and not the a force F, itis immaterial in what directionfthe force F is moving. The direction of the resulting driven movement must be the same.

Figure 1'7 illustrates the displacement of the driven element 2 if the driving element I moves in the direction F opposite the direction F as shown in Figure 1. All the elements shown in Figure 1''! are the same as thoseshown in Figure ures 18 and 19, fitting into grooves 6 and by means of suitable clutch arrangements constrained to move only in the direction indicated by the-arrow A". l

The-inclined surface provided on the driving element 25 in Figure 10 is in Figures 18 and 19 represented by thewedge I which has moved fr' omsome initial position into that shown in the figures, which are identical except thatin Figure l8"v the driveshaft*rotatescIOckWise and there- I foretl'rewedgeQI hagmovedjfronr left to right asshown by rarrow B-E while in'll'igure- 19 the A drive shaft has rotated counterclockwise and 2- therefore from right to left as shown by the arrow-B 1-1 ?:-"l as'-in*both"cases-rrioved the distanced? to the position; shown insdotted .lines'. inJthedirec- I v ment 2 by. distance d is duenotf direotlyito the- :Asa resu1tef this rotation the united element tion indicated-by the .arrow' C7,- thatj'i s;[inl the same direction A",' in .vvhich the :balls'are iconstrained to move. The onlydifierence isthat in the cloclrwise rotation of the drive shaft illustrated in; Figure; 18 the-. ,ball's have, become and are-becoming" operative inthe rotation .I 2 3 P 4*, in-tlie manner clearly described in connec- .,ti'o'n"with the drawings, while "in the counterclockwiserotation of the drive shaft illustrated in Figure 19 the balls have become and are becoming operative in theioppositerotation 4 3 The-resulting forward rotation of the driven element, however, is the same, whether the drive shaft rotates clockwise or counterclockwise.

While I have shown and described what I consider to be the preferred embodiments of my invention, I wishit to be understood that such" changes in constrfuctionand design as come with- 1n-the= scope of the appended claims may be retive to said drivingand driven elements-to co-- operate "with the driving and driven elements to cause the driving-element to impart to the said driven element a rotation determined by the said relative position of the guide means with respect tothe drivingelement and driven element. H

2. A mechanicafmovementcomprisingin combination, a drive shaft, a driving element mounted on said drive shaft, a driven shaft, a driven ele-v ment mounted on said driven shaft, means for transmitting a drive force fromsaid driving element to said driven element .in the direction of the axis of rotation of the drive shaft; and guide means so fashioned as to cooperate with the said driving element to impart to the said driven element a combined turning-and axial movement.

3. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a'drive shaft, a driving element mounted on said drive shaft, an inclined surface provided on said driving element, a drivenshaft, a driven element in operating contact with said inclined surface, and guide means cooperating with the inclined surface of the driving element and with the driven element for imparting to the driven element a combined turning and axial movement at a speed dependent upon the'inclination of said inclined surface relative to said guide means.

4. A mechanical movement comprising, in com-v bination, a drive shaft, a driven shaft, a reaction element co-axially disposed relative to the'drive shaft and the driven shaft, 2. driving element mounted on said drive shaft, a driven element mounted on said driven shaft, means for transmitting a driving force from said driving element to said driven element in the direction of the axis of rotation of the drive shaft to cause an axial displacement of said driven element, guide means provided on said-driven element to determine the direction of said axial displacement, and contact elements interposed between said driven element and said reaction element for imparting rotation to said driven element at a speeddependent upon the direction of axial driving force and of said axial displacement.

5. A mechanical movement comprising, in combination, a drive shaft, a driving element mounted on said drive shaft at an angle relative to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft and forming a driving angle, a driven shaft, a driven element mounted on said driven shaft and disposed in operative engagement with saiddriving element, and guide means so positioned relative to said driving element as to form a guide angle with respect to the direction of rotation of said drive shaft and disposed in cooperating contact with the driven element to impart a combined turning and axial movement to the driven element at a speed depending upon the relative angularity of the driving angle and the guide angle.

6. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a drive shaft, a driving element mounted on saiddrive shaft, a driven shaft, a driven element mounted on said driven shaft, means for transmitting a drive force from said driving ele- 2,379,464 sorted to if desired without departing from the ment to said driven element inthe direction of the axis of rotation of said drive shaft to cause an axial displacement of said -driven element, guide means in cooperating engagement with said driven element to determine the "direction of said axial displacement for imparting rotation t'o'said driven element, and means for transferring the rotation of the driven element to the driven shaft.

7. A mechanical movement comprising, in com-- bination, a drive 5 it, a driven shaft co-axial with the drive shaf a driving element mounted on. said drive shaft, a driven element in operative contact with said driving element, guide means in operative contact with said driven element and cooperating with said driving element to impart a compound movement of axial displacement and rotation thereto, and a flexible coupling between the driven element and the: drlvenshaft to impart rotation to the driven shaft.

8. A mechanical movement comprising, in combination, a drive shaft, a driving element mounted on said drive shaft, eans for transmitting a drive force from the driving element to the driven element in the same direction of the axis of rotation of the drive shaft to impart axial movement to the driven element, guide means in operative contact with the driven element to convert the axial the drive shaft at an angle relative to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, a driven element; coupling means operatively connecting the driven shaft and driven element, a thrust bearing intermediate the driving element and the 40 driven element and with which confronting portions of the driven and driving elements engage to impart a driving force from the driving element to the driven element in the direction of the axis of rotation ofthe drive shaft to cause a displacement of thedriven element, and guide means op- .eratively associated with said driven element to determine the direction and consequently the amount of said displacement.

10. A' mechanical movement comprising, in

combination, a drive shaft, a driven shaft coaxial with the drive shaft,'an annular driven element normally co-a'xial with the drive and driven shafts, a flexible connection between said driven element and said driven shaft, a driving element, confronting portions provided on the driven element and the driving element, bearing,

means between the confronting portions, means for mounting the driving element upon the drive shaft for movement from an inoperative position parallel to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, to varied operative positions in angular of the axis of rotation of the drive shaft to cause I v aerate said means including complementary seat por-' tions on the driving and driven elements, a

thrust bearing interposed between the driving and driven elements and being seated against said seat portions, guide means provided on said driven element to determine the direction of said axial displacement, and contact elements interposed between said driven element and said reaction element for impartin rotation to said driven element at a speed dependent upon the direction of axial driving force and of said axial displacement. g

'12. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a drive shaft having an enlarged flat head at 'one end thereof, a driving element slidably mounted in the outer face of said head and being provided with a flat surfa'ce normally disposed parallel to. the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, a driven shaft coaxial with the drive shaft having one of its ends disposed in relatively close spaced relation to said head, an annular driven element, a flexible connection between the driven element and the aforesaid end of the driven shaft, said driven element having" a, surface complementary to and confronting the outer surface of the head and spaced therefrom, a thrust bearing between the confronting surfaces of the driven element and the drive element and in bearing contact therewith, actuating means for sliding the drive element to a position with its outer flat surface disposed at an angle relative to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft and to correspondingly move the driven element, relative to the driven shaft to provide a driving angle, guide means disposed relative to the driving element to form a guide angle with respect to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft to impart a combined turning and axial movement to the driven element at a speed depending upon the relative angularity of the driving angle and the guide angle.

13. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven element suitably mounted, a driving element suitably mounted and -in operating contact with the said driven element to impart to the said driven element a movement of oscillation, and guide means to translate this movement of oscillation into a compound movement of rotation and axial displacement in a direction determined by the relationship of the said guide means to the said driving element.

14. A mechanical movement comprising in combination a driven element suitably mounted, a driving element suitably mounted and in operating contact with the said driven ele- -ment to impart to the said driven element a movement of axial displacement, and guide means in operating contact with the said driven ing contact with the said' driven element to impart to the said driven element a movement of oscillation, guide means in operating contact with the .said driven element to convert the said movement of oscillation into a compound movement of axial displacement and rotation about the axis of rotation of the said driving element depending upon the said relationship of the said guide means and the said driven element, and means to vary the said relationship between the said guide means and the said driving element.

16. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven element suitably mounted, a drive shaft rotating in constant direction, a driving element mounted on said drive shaft and in operating contact with the said driven element to impart to the said driven element a' movement of oscillation, and guide means to convert the said movement of oscillation into a compound movement of axial displacement and rotation in a direction and by an amount solely determined by the relationship between the said driving element and the said driven element, the movement of rotation being about the axis and in the direction of rotation of the said drive shaft, as determined by said guide means.

17. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven element suitably mounted, a drive shaft rotating in constant direction, a driving element mounted on the said drive shaft and in operating contact with the said driven element to impart to the said driven element a movement of oscillation, and guide means to convert the said movement of oscillation into a, compound movement of axial displacement and rotation in a direction and by an amount determined by the relationship of the said guide means and the said driving element, the movement of rotation being about the axis but in a direction opposite to that of the said drive shaft, as determined by said guide means. I

18. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven element suitably mounted, a drive shaft rotating alternately in opposite directions, a driving element mounted on said drive shaft and in operating contact with the said driven element to impart to the said driven element a movement of oscillation, and means to convert this movementof oscillation into a compound movement of axial displacement and rotation, the rotation being about the axis of rotation of the said drive shaft, but constantly in one direction, determined by the said guide means.

19. A mechanical movement comprising in combination, a driven element suitably mounted, a drive shaft rotating alternately in opposite directions, a driving element mounted on said drive I shaft and in operating contact with the said driven element to impart to the said driven element a movement of oscillation, and means to convert this movement of oscillation into a compound movement of axial displacement and rotameans to vary the amount and therefore the speed of the said constantly one-directional rotation.

WERNER NOW'KA.

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