US2315190A - Rectifying column - Google Patents

Description

March 30, 1943.

G. EBERHARDT YRECTIFYING COLUMN Filed Nov. 14, 1940 FIG. 7.

lnvemor Georg iberkcwda" By His Afforneys Patented Mar. 30,

BECTIFYING COLUMN Georg Eberhardt, Bitterfeld, Germany; vested in the Alien Property Custodian application November 14, 1940, Serial No. 365,666 In Germany November 2, 1939 2 Claims.

The inventiom relates "to' a'rectifying column containing plates being arranged in a distance of less than 150 ms. one from another.

One of the problems arising in the construction of rectifying columns is to obtain an output as high as possible with dimensions as small depends upon the structure of the layer of filling as possible. Even with a distance of about 150 mmebetween the individualpiates it has not been possible hitherto at theusual-and practicallynecessary velocity of the vapor of about 0.5 m./sec. to arrive at an entirely satisfactory work-' ing of the column.

Better rectifying results were obtained when filling-bodies were arranged between the plates and care was taken that between the rectifying plate and the layer of'niling bodies such a large interspace was formed that a foaming layer could develop. with such an arrangement the filling bodies have not only the purpose to separate, be it even in an atomized state, particles of liquid from the vapor but they also serve as a large additional rectifying surface for vapor and liquid. It has, however, been found that by exceeding a certain velocity of the vapor which in the main bodies, the refiowing of the precipitated particles of liquid to the plate does not take place as completely as desired and the eiiicacity of the said arrangement is diminished or even'nuliiiled at a relatively-small critical velocity.

With the known rectifying devices it has always proved to be disadvantageous that the distances between the several plates had necessarily to be about 150 mms. or more. Therefore, the problem arose to reduce the said distances by special arrangements and to increase at the same time the velocity of the vapor in such a manner that means, alternating with a ring-shaped plate.

ranged plane-like means partly forming channels so that the vapor streaming from one plate to the next following plate must repeatedly change its direction, preferably by more than 90, the idea playing a decisive part that, owing to their weight, the particles of the liquid carried along cannot by far follow the compulsory change of the direction so rapidly as the particles of vapor and, consequently, must be separated by impinging upon the guide planes. Furthermore,

the guide planes which are arranged between the 7 different plates and which serve as arresters for the output of the rectifying column was malnthe particles of liquid .carried along and as a means for'repeatedly influencing the direction of the flow of vapor are arranged so that the particles of liquid not volatilized are returned in their entirety to the plate from which they were drawnupward.

Figs. 1 and 2 show the arrangement according to this invention on staggered plates known per se. Above the circular plate a there are mounted a hood b with arrester planes in and a conical sheet 0 also serving as arrester. The lower border of this sheet is only loosely placed or attached only at some spots so that the liquid may pass underneath the border of said sheet. In a similar manner arrester planes e and f are arranged above the circular plate, dand g and h are the places where the liquid to be returned flows, whereas It means a partition wall and t is one of the guide planes arranged on the plate a and fastenedto a bubble cap, k and i being the parts which serve to regulate the direction of the particles of liquid.

The rectifying column works, for instance at two plates. as follows:

- The vapor enters from below into plate a,

whereas the-liquid, entering at h, flows, in a cycle and guided in its distribution by planes i and the partition wall It, over the surface of the plate to the outlet g. The vapors being in equilibrium with the liquid leaves the plate radially, without essentially mixing, and by means of parts 1:, b1,

- c and 1 arranged according to this invention they The invention is illustrated by way of example 7 in the accompanying drawing. wherein:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation, and

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of a rectifying cclumn equipped with plates in accordance with the present invention.

According to the present invention between the several plates, superimposed in stagger, are arare caused to change their direction several times, advantageously by more than By this operation the particles of liquid carried along are thrown out of the path of the vapor owing to their weight and impinge upon the surfaces of the inserted parts b, in, c and f, are totally precipitated there, run back downwards and return to the rectifying plate a. This process takes place in a corresponding manner, if the vapor entering the ring-shaped plate from below leaves the latter and is guided through the channel formed by I the reflecting planes e cally all -partic vapor but being rectified by the-latter are precipitated on the arrester planesamd simultaneously, 7

highest efllciency is obtained.

The fact that by the planes arranged according to thisinvention in a rectifying column practies of liquid carried along by the also at avery high velocity of the vapor, are antirelyreconducted to the plate, involves the special advantage that it is nowpossible to reduce.

the spaces. between the, individual bottoms to 100 ms; or less whereaahitherto, a working free from objections could only be-obtained-with distances between the several bottoms of about 150. mms. and more" Moreover, the quantities rectifled per unit or time'are slmultaneously enhanced.

Protection is'claimed tor all'new. aforesaid characteristic features taken in combination or sepa-. rately. a

1. In a rectiiying';column uids, circular and annularplatesjalternately' arranged above one another. in'st'agaer, a hood iormingareflectlng plane above each of said circular plates, a conical plane between" for inixtures oHiqeach hood and circular plate, said'hood and said reflecting plane forming an outlet under the an- 1 nular plate immediately above, annular reflecting planes arranged one above the other between said annular plates and forming a channel under the "circular plate between said annular plates, guidmg means upon said circular plates to regulate v the flow of the liquid, and means to lead the liquid separated on the reflecting planes to the plate thereunder.

2.In a rectifying column, circular and annular perforated plates alternately arrangedabove one another in stagger, a hood forming a reflecting plane above each oi said circular plates, a conical reflecting plane between said hood and said circular plate. said hood andjsaid reflecting plane forming a channel with an outlet under 2o .nel with an outlet under the next higher situthe annular plate immediately above, annular reflecting. planesarranged one above the other between said annular plates and forming a chang'ated circular plate and means to lead the liquid separated on the reflecting planes to the annular plate thereunder. f h v v GEOR/G

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