US2289013A - Machine for working paper stock and similar materials - Google Patents

Description

5 Sheets-Sheet l A. J. HAUG Filed June 4, 1938 MACHINE FOR WORKING PAPER STOCK AND SIMILAR MATERIALS A July 7, 1942.

ATTORNEY.

A'. J. HAUG July 7, 1942.

MACHINE Fon' 'WORKING PAPER sTocK AND SIMILAR MATERIALS Filed June 4, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet? INVENTOR ATTORNEY. V

July 7,1942. A. J. HAUG f 2,289,013

MACHINE' FOR WORKING PAPER vSTOCK AND SIMILAR MATERALS Filed June 4, 193e 5 sheets-sheet s INVENTOR f ATTORNEY.`

AA. J'. HAUG 4 vJuly 7, 1942;

MACHINE FOR wonKInG-PAPER'sTox AND SIMILAR MATERIALS Filed June` 4,- 1938 5 sheets-sheet 4 INVENTOR 2 a l BY ATTORNEY.

July 7, 1942. A. J. HAUG v2,289,013

MACHINE FOR WORKING PAER STOCK AND SIMILAR MATERIALS Filed June 4, 1958 s sneetsheet 5 lVNvENToR Patented Julyu 7, 1942 UNITED t STATES PATENT `OFFICE MACHINE FOR WORKING PAPER STOCK AND SMILAR MATERIALS Anton Joseph Haug, Nashua, N. H. Application June 4, 1938, Serial No. 211,906

9 Claims.` (Cl. 92-26) terials will hereinafter be referred to as paper' stock.

The invention aims to improve machines of this type with a view to simplifying their construction, increasing their capacity without correspondingly increasing their dimensions, enlarging their range of usefulness, and generally improving and perfecting them.

The nature of the invention will be readily understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, and the novel features will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal, vertical section i1- lustrating a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse, vertical, sectional view approximately on the line 2*-2, Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of' the yoke shown in Figs. 1 and 2, illustrating the means for adjusting the relationship of one of the crushing rolls to the inner surface of the casing or drum of the machine;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a roll bearing and the parts immediately associated with it;

a jacket 3 encircling it and providing a space through which steam, water, or the like, may be Y circulated in order to maintain the desired temperature conditions. At the left-hand end of the cylinder the casing is provided with an inlet section 4 having an intake chute 5, while at its opposite end it includes an outlet section 6 having a discharge opening or chute 'I. A base 8 supports lthe casing. Mounted inside the cylinder are several rolls, one'of which is shown at I0. These rolls may be provided with smooth or grooved surfaces, as desired. The particular machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is equipped with Fig. 5 is a face view of the sealing plate at theinlet end of the machine;

Fig. 6 is an edge view of said immediately adjacent to it;

Figs. 7 and 8 are vertical and face views, re. spectively, of the sealing means through which one of the rolls extends at the discharge end of the machine; i

Fig. 9 is a transverse, sectional view of the conduit extending centrally through the cylinder;

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one of the bearing blocks shown in Fig. l; and

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a portion of the spider in which the bearing block is mounted.

Referring first to Fig. l, the machine there shown comprises a casing or drum in which the stock is `confined during the treatment of it.

yplate and parts this casing including a cylinder 2 and, if desired, 55

three rolls, although this number may be varied within reasonable limits and a greater number of rolls often is used.

An important feature of the invention resides in means for supporting these rolls in theircooperative relationship to the cylinder. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the machine includes a main shaft I2, the opposite ends of which are supported in bearings I3 and I4. A driving pulley I2m is mounted on one end of the shaft` I2. Secured rigidly to the left-hand end of the shaft is a spider I5 provided with three radial slots to receive the bearings for supporting the lefthand ends of the three rolls. These bearings may be made of any suitable construction, but I 'prefer for most purposes to make them of nonmetallic materials, such as Bakelite, Micarta, or some similar non-metallic material. In other cases it is preferable to make them of some of the usual bearing metals, and in stillother cases of combinations, such as al cast or steel bearing block equipped with a non-metallic bearing bushing for the end of the roll to run in. The particular bearing shown in Figs. l, 2 and 10 for supporting the lower roll I0 consists of a metal block I6 equipped with a bushing a made of one of the non-metallic materials just mentioned. This block is mounted to slide in between non-metallic guide pieces II-I1, best shown in Fig. 11, the block being provided with flanges 'b-b to bear against said guide pieces to take end thrust. A strong spring I8, interposed between the spider I5 and .the bearing block I6, tends to force the latteroutwardly radially, but a plunger 20', Fig. 4, bears on the outer yside of said bearing and is backed up by a spring 2|, much stronger than the spring I8, the former being seated in the bottom of a cavity formed in a gland 22. 'I'his gland is screw-threaded through a wall of the yoke 23 which encircles the spider and is secured to it. The stem of the plunger 20 projects through the bottom of the gland and has a nut 24 screw-threaded on it. In Figs. and 1l the sockets in which the ends of thev spring I8 are seated are shown at c and d, respectively, it being understood that the bearing block I6 is shown in Fig. 10 upside down with reference to the parts in Fig. l1.

'Ihe same bearing construction is provided at the opposite end of the roll IIJto support it. It will be evident, therefore, that this roll normally floats between the springs I8 and 2I. Thus when the machine is in operation the roll has both a rotative movement around its own axis and also an orbital movement around the main shaft I2. Consequently, the centrifugal force developed by the latter rotation tends to move the roll outwardly toward the 4inner surface of the cylinder 2, this force thus acting on the' roll in the same direction as the springs I8 at its opposite ends. By adjusting the nuts 24, the tension or compressive force exerted by the springs 2| may be made to overcome the two forces urging the roll outwardly, and the preponderance of effort of the springs 2I may be made substantially as great as desired within the limits of design of these parts.

Also, by adjusting'the glands 22- at opposite lends of the roll I0, the operating clearance between the surface of the roll and the inner surface of the cylinder 2 may be adjusted very accurately. This adjustment is made independently of -the adjustment of the springs 2| 'and does not aiect them materially. When the gland 22 has been adjusted to the desired degree, it may be secured in that position by a bolt 25, Fig. 3, projecting through any one of several holes 26 in the margin of the gland and threaded into the i yoke 23. Preferably the yoke is made in three sections, as shown in Fig. 2. It nts snugly around peripheral portions of the spider and it is provided with lugs or ears f which overlap vertical faces on portions of the spider. Certain of the bolts I9Y which hold the parts I1 in place extend through these ears and thus secure both the yoke and the members I1 to the spider.

Each of the other rolls is mounted in the same vmanner as is the roll I0 and can be adjusted'in the same way, and such adjustment is important in producing the desired development of fiber in the material acted upon. It should also be observed that with this arrangement the rolls never touch the inner surface of the cylinder 2 during normal operation. In fact, the' only time when there is actual contact between the rolls and the cylinder, with the usual adjustment, is when the machine is running at high speeds and a roll runs over a large hard piece of stock which displaces the roll to an abnormal degree, thus producing a rebound which, if there is no stock between the vcylinder and the roll, may cause the roll to strike the inner surface of the cylinder. This arrangement, however, affords the desired yield of the rolls toward theaxis of the drum during the operation of the machine, in'addition to providing for the adjustment above described. `It may also be noted that when the machine is rurming idly and with no stock in' it, the rolls will not be re-v volved. They will start into rotation, however,

just as soon as stockis fed into the cylinder. In

other words, the rotation of the rolls around their own axes is caused by their action on stock interposed between them and the inner surface of the cylinder, combined with the fact that they are given apo'sitive orbital rotative movement.

support the `journal portions of the rolls, are also provided with bearing disks like that shown, at e to take the end thrust of the roll, this thrust, in turn, being transmitted through the flanges b--b and the guides I1-I1 to the spider I5.

The use of non-metallic bearing members of such a nature as those above described is an important advantage in a machine of this type, since thesev members can be lubricated by water. As shown in Figs. 1 and 4, the surfaces of the bearings toward the shaft I2 are provided with diagonal apertures 21 and with a central aperture under the spring I8, and jets of water are directed into these apertures from nozzles or orices at the inner surface of a spray plate 28, Fig. 1. All of this bearing mechanism at the .lefthand end, Fig. 1 of the machine is enclosed inE a casing 30 so that the water used for lubricating purposes Vis confined, and it is discharged through the outlet 3I and conducted away through suitable connections, not shown.

Due to the fact that the stock when fed in to the intake chute 5 naturally tends to accumulate there, it is necessary to provide some means for preventing the entrance of this material into the chamber in the casing 3U in which the bearings are mounted. For this purpose a sealing plate 32 is secured rigidly on'the hub of the spider I5 and is held in place by several bolts, one of which is shown in Figs. 1 and 6 at 33, this` bolt being threaded into a boss 34 projecting laterally from the adjacent face of the spider I5. The peripheral edge of this plate has grooves g cut in it, these grooves being spaced apart by substantially uniform distances, and the entire peripheral edge surface being so constructed. A jet of compressed air is directed continuously against this grooved edge of the plate through an aperture 35, Fig. l, and thegrooves are so inclined that the air is deflected inwardly by them toward the cylinder 2. Thus any stock which lodges on the edge of the plate is promptly ejected and forced backwardly into the intake chute.

The rolls vextend through holes 36, Fig. 5, in this plate and these -apertures are closed by plates closely encircling the rolls and carried by them, one of these plates being shown at 31. It slides radially in guides 38-38 bolted to the plate 33.

At the opposite end of the machine a similar provision also is made for preventing the entrance of stock into the bearing chamber, this arrangement, however, differing from that at the intake end because the problem is not as serious at the outlet end of the cylinder. Here a sealing plate 40, Figs. 1, '1 and 8, is secured fast on the shaft I2 and is bolted to the spider I5 in the same manner as is the plate 32. edge, however, is grooved, as shown at 4I, Fig. '1,-

to receive a sealing ring 42 having a running clearance with the disk, the ring itself being secured to the adjacent partof the frame. At this carta, or some other materialadapted to be lubricated by water.

' Asshown in Fig. 4, the bearings I6, in addition i to having bushings a of non-metallic material to In using the machine the material to be rened is fed into the intake chute 5 by hand or by any suitable automatic mechanism, and some Its peripheral means is necessary to feed this stock axially through the cylinder. In prior constructions this function has been performed by inclined vanes, for example, which utilize the rotative movement of the stock to feed it lengthwise of the drum. I have found, however, that this function can be performed more simply by directing jets of air or other fluid against the stock at suitably spaced intervals. Preferably such uid consists of compressed air or steam. For this purpose the central portion of the main shaft l2 is encircled by a sleeve or conduit 46, coaxially disposed with reference to the shaft and preferably Supported 4on hub portions of the spiders I5|5. Air or other gaseous fluid under pressure is led into this drum from any suitable source through a bore or hole 4l formed axially in the shaft l2 and extending from the right-hand end thereof, Fig. 1, to a point inside the conduit where it is connected with the space in the latter by meansof a transverse hole 48. Through the wall of this conduit several orifices are drilled forming nozzles 50, Figs. 1 and 9, these orifices being so inclined that they direct jets of fluid outwardly and rearwardly toward the discharge end of the cylinder and spaced both circumferentially and longitudinally of the conduit 46. Consequently, as the shaft revolves these' jets rotate with it and they act on the stock to move it toward the outlet and thus to cause any given portion of stock to be subjected to a great number of rolling or crushing operations as it is moved through the machine.

This arrangement not only simplifies the construction of the machine and reduces the expense of manufacture but, in addition, it increases the capacity of the machine for given dimensions by permitting a freer movement of the stock through it. In treating coarse and very fibrous stocks,v this added freedom is important in substantially eliminating any tendency to plug the machine. It is obvious that in such an arrangement the rate of feeding movement of the stock through the machine can be controlled merely by manipulating the valve which controls the ow of air or steam to the nozzles. The use of air jets to feed the stock through the cylinder eliminates the necessity for using Scrapers as in applicants prior Patent No. 1,443,410 and thereby affords room for more rolls and, in-addition, leaves the refining chamber relatively unobstructed for the free feeding of the stock therethrough. This is a very important advantage in applicants renner because it handles materials containing such a small proportion of water that they do not flow and therefore must be propelled.

When the stock reaches the discharge end of the cylinder it either drops through the outlet 'Il or is discharged by the Scrapers 5| secured to the sealing plate 40.

An important advantage of the construction above described is that the spiders, conduit 46,

the rolls and their bearings, can all be assembled as a unit and then inserted endwise through the casing Afterward the yokes can be put in place, the adjustments made, and nally the casings 30-30 set into place. The machine can be disassembled by reversing these steps. Because of the fact that the interior ofthe cylinder is open, more rolls can be used in a` cylinder of given dimensions than would otherwise be possible, and the efficiency of the machine accordingly can be correspondingly increased. It will be understood that the opposite ends of each roll can move radially, independently of each other,

matically to differences in thickness of the stock at the intake and discharge ends of the machine.

While I have herein shown andY described a typical embodiment of my invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit or scope thereof, as by inverting the operation, i. e., holding the spiders I5 and shaft I2 against rotary movement, and rotating the drum or casing 2 relative thereto; that it is applicable to operation on other materials than that specifically mentioned, that some features of the invention are useful in other types of refiners, and that the Various features of the invention may be used independently of the others.

Having thus described my invention, what I desire to claim as new is:

1. In a machine for Working paper stock, or the like, the combination of a casing provided with` an approximately cylindrical inn'er surface; a roll in said casing extending longitudinally thereof, and means supporting said roll for rotation around its own axis and for movement toward and from said surface; said means comprising a bearing for one end of said roll, a spider in w'hich the bearing is mounted for sliding movement toward and from the axis of said surface, opposed inner and outer springs acting on said bearing to support it resiliently in its operative position, means for adjusting the tension of said outer spring to a predetermined degree effective to overcome centrifugal force, and additional means for adjusting said bearing to predetermine the spacing of said roll from the inner surface of said casing while maintaining said spring tension adjustment undisturbed.

2. In a machine for working paper stock, or the like, the combination of a casing provided with an approximately cylindrical inner surface; a roll in said casing extending longitudinally thereof, and means supporting said roll for rotation around its own axis and for movement toward and from said surface; said means comprising a bearing for one end of said roll, a spider in which the bearing is mounted for sliding movement toward and from the axis of said sur face, opposed inner and outer springs acting on said bearing to support it resiliently in its operative position, means for adjusting the tension of said outer spring to a predetermined degree effective to overcome centrifugal force, and a gland mounted for adjustment toward and from said axis and in which said spring and its adjusting means are supported for movement with said gland, whereby the adjustment of said gland serves to adjust the spacing of said roll relatively to said surface.

3. In a machine for working paper stock, or the like, the combination of a casing provided with an approximately cylindricalinner surface; a roll in said casing extending longitudinally thereof, and means supporting said roll for rotation around its own axis and for movement toward and from said surface; said means comprising a bearing for one end of said roll, a spider in which the bearing is mounted for sliding movement toward and from the axis of said surface, opposed inner and outer springs acting on said bearing to support it resiliently in its operative position, a plunger on which said outer spring bears, a gland supported for screw threaded adjustment toward and from said axis and in which said spring and plunger are mounted for movement with said gland, and a nut cooperating with said plunger to adjust the pressure exerted by (said spring, whereby said gland, spring and plunger cooperate to provide ,for the adjustment of said roll toward and from the inner surface of the casing and for the independent adjustment of the resistance offered by said spring to the movement of said roll toward said surface. A

4. In a machine for working paper stock, or the like, the combination of -a casing provided with an approximately-cylindrical inner surface; /a roll in said casing extending longitudinally thereof, and means supporting said roll for rotation around its own axis and for movement toward and from said surface; said means comprising a bearing for one end of said roll, a spider-in which the bearing is mounted for sliding movement 4toward and from the axis of said surface, a shaft supporting said spider for rotation', a yoke encirclingv said spider and secured thereto, a spring between said bearing and said spider edge of said plate, said edge of the plate'being acting on the bearing to force it outwardly, an

outer spring between said yoke and said bearing for forcing it inwardly, means for adjusting the tension of said outer spring to a predetermined degree effective to overcome the centrifugal force 'transmitted thereto by the roll, andA a gland screw-threaded`in said yoke for adjustment to predetermine the spacing of said roll from the inner surface of said casing/said spring and its adjusting means being supported on said gland.

5. In a machine for refining paper stock and the like, the combination of a casing adapted to retain the stock undergoing treatment, a shaft exten/ding longitudinally through said casing, a series of rolls mounted in said casing extending approximatelyl parallell to said shaft, spiders on opposite ends of said shaft, bearings supporting said rolls and mounted in said spiders for radial movement relatively to said shaft, springs inter- -posed between said spider and said bearings for forcing the rollsioutwardly, yokes encircling the respective spiders, additional springs interposed between said spiders and said bearings and serving to resist the outward movement of said rolls,

.retain the stock undergoing treatment, a shaft extending longitudinally through said casing, a series of rolls mounted in said casing extending approximately parallel to said' shaft, bearings supporting said rolls and mounted in said spiders for radial movement relatively to said shaft, said casing having an approximately cylindrical stock treating chamber therein in which said rolls are mounted, `a circular -plate secured fast on said shaft to revolve therewith and closing one end of said chamber, the peripheral edge of said plate running closely adjacent to and being encircled by a surface of said casing, means for directing a jet of fluid under pressure against the grooved to deflect said fluid inwardly toward said chamber and thereby serving to dislodge stock adhering tothe edge of said plate.

7. In a machine for refining paper stock and the like, the combination of a substantially horizontal casing provided with a cylindrical chamber to retain the stock undergoing treatment, a

\- rotary shaft supported axially in said chamber, a roll in said casing extending approximately parallel to said shaft, means mounted on saidv shaft for supporting said roll for rotation around the Y axis of said shaft and alsol for 'rotation around its own axis in position to crush the stock against the wall of said chamber, a sleeve encircling said shaft, and means for conducting fluid under pressure to the interior of said sleeve, said sleeve having a series of nozzles on the surface thereof for directing jets of said fluid diagonally outwardly and rearwardly where they will feed the stock being treated longitudinally through said chamber.

8. In a machine for refining paper stock and I the like, the combination of a substantially horizontal casing provided with a cylindrical stock refining chamber, a rotary shaft supported axially in said chamber, a plurality of rolls extending approximately parallel to said shaft, means suptudinally through said chamber, the parts being y so positioned that the chamber is substantially unobstructed except for said rolls and said jet producing means, and ample space thereby is provided in said chamber for the passage of the stock therethrough and for ythe stock feeding action approximately in contact with the wall of said chamber, where they serve to crush the stock against said wall, a series of nozzles mounted on said shaft for rotation therewith, and means for conducting fluid under pressure to `said nozzles, the nozzles being positionedv to direct jets of fluid diagonally outwardly and rearwardly against the stock on the wall of said chamber where they serve to feed the stock longitudinally through the chamber, said parts being arranged to leave said chamber substantially unobstructed around said rolls and adjacent to said wall 'so that the stock can be fed freely by said jets along the cylinder wall between the successive crushing actions exerted on the stock by the rolls.

y ANTON JOSEPH HAUG.

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