US20190257593A1 - Ice-based thermal energy storage device - Google Patents

Ice-based thermal energy storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190257593A1
US20190257593A1 US16/343,275 US201716343275A US2019257593A1 US 20190257593 A1 US20190257593 A1 US 20190257593A1 US 201716343275 A US201716343275 A US 201716343275A US 2019257593 A1 US2019257593 A1 US 2019257593A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
fin
refrigerant
tubes
thermally conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/343,275
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English (en)
Inventor
Patrick Ouvry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boreales Energy
Original Assignee
Boreales Energy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boreales Energy filed Critical Boreales Energy
Publication of US20190257593A1 publication Critical patent/US20190257593A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/22—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, and in particular heat accumulators that transfer heat between a refrigerant and an external phase change or icing-based material, such as a mixture of water and ice at 0° C., via a heat-conducting material, such as a metal, separating the refrigerant and the phase change material.
  • a refrigerant and an external phase change or icing-based material, such as a mixture of water and ice at 0° C.
  • a heat-conducting material such as a metal
  • phase change heat accumulators whether tubular or flat, consists of storing cold as follows:
  • the evaporation temperature of the refrigerants drops as the thickness of ice increases. Indeed, the increase of the thickness of ice over time causes an increase in the thermal resistance, which opposes the flow of frigories between the refrigerant and the still-liquid phase change material. To combat this resistance, at a constant heat exchange power, the refrigerant naturally decreases its evaporation temperature over time.
  • the value “dT”, representing the temperature deviation between the refrigerant, boiling within a thermal accumulator operating at a constant power, and the phase change temperature of a phase change material, is equal, after operating for 4 h30, to:
  • tubes with fins or radiators are known in the prior art, for discharging, by fins, the heat produced by tubes filled with a heat transfer fluid and bathing in air, by convection in air.
  • the fins of these tubes are used in the prior art to move the heat away from a tube as much as possible. From there, the fins are not considered suitable for use with matrixes of tubes, which are necessarily as close as possible in a heat accumulator. Indeed, the heat moved away by the fins is presumed to be communicated to the adjacent fins and tubes, which then decreases the efficiency of the assembly and its radiator function.
  • the invention is a heat exchange device, characterized in that it comprises a first thermally conductive tube that is hollow over its length, a second thermally conductive tube that is hollow over its length, and a thermally conductive fin, in which the fin extends lengthwise along the first tube, the fin extends lengthwise along the second tube and the fin extends width-wise between the first tube and the second tube.
  • the fin comprises a first thermally conductive half-fin, which extends between the first tube and a first edge and in which the fin comprises a second thermally conductive half-fin, which extends between the second tube and a second edge.
  • the thickness of the fin is less than the width of the first tube and is less than the width of the second tube.
  • the fin is flat.
  • the first tube is parallel to the second tube.
  • the first tube is straight over its length and the second tube is straight over its length.
  • the first tube is made from aluminum
  • the second tube is made from aluminum
  • the fin is made from aluminum
  • the second half-fin extends width-wise between the first half-fin and the second tube.
  • the first edge of the first half-fin is in contact with the second edge of the second half-fin.
  • the invention also relates to a method using the device as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the liquid material is a water and the refrigerant has an evaporation temperature lower than the icing temperature of water.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention with a continuous fin joining two hollow tubes.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device according to the invention with a discontinuous fin between the two hollow tubes, made up of two half-fins extending between the tubes.
  • the heat accumulator is made up of tubes arranged in parallel in a plane.
  • a flat fin that is thin compared to the width of the tubes, which is their diameter for cylindrical tubes of revolution, is arranged between the tubes in the plane of the tubes.
  • the tubes and the fin are arranged in a shell containing water at atmospheric pressure.
  • a refrigerant which is for example a refrigerant of type R134a, the evaporation temperature of which is below the freezing temperature of water, or 273° Kelvin, in a given pressure range, is circulated by a refrigeration machine comprising a compressor, able to operate in this pressure range.
  • FIG. 1 thus shows a characterizing part of the heat accumulator above in which a first tube ( 1 ) and a second tube ( 2 ) are connected along their length by a continuous flat fin ( 3 ) that extends over the entire width between the first tube ( 1 ) and the second tube ( 2 ).
  • the first tube ( 1 ), the second tube ( 2 ) and the fin ( 3 ) are for example made from aluminum or a thermally conductive material and make it possible to obtain, by extrusion, a homogeneous part integrally molded in one piece including the first tube ( 1 ), the second tube ( 2 ) and the fin ( 3 ) in a continuous assembly.
  • the first tube ( 1 ) and the second tube ( 2 ) have the same length, the same width and the same thickness and are cylindrical and of revolution around a first axis for the first tube ( 1 ) and a second axis for the second tube ( 2 ).
  • a criterion of the invention can be verified for any geometry of tubes and fin.
  • This criterion can be obtained experimentally by introducing the device according to the invention into a heat accumulator and tracing, as a function of time at a constant refrigeration power, the drift of the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant in the accumulator, or “dT” as previously indicated.
  • a pressure gauge can be used conventionally and the temperature of the fluid, such as the R134a, can be deduced by the curve of the saturated vapor pressure as a function of the temperature of the mixture.
  • the curve representing the “dT” as a function of time has a slope very close to that of flat exchangers, and therefore very different from the slope of tube exchangers.
  • the fin can have a different shape from a plane, outside the plane of the axes of the tubes, the tubes can be not strictly parallel and can be straight or rectilinear or curved with different shapes over their length, with a circular or elliptical or even rectangular section.
  • the material of the tubes and the fin can be a thermally conductive material, other than aluminum, such as a metal, in particular stainless steel or copper.
  • the first tube ( 1 ) has, diametrically opposite the fin ( 3 ) in the plane of the tubes, a third half-fin ( 4 ), with the same thickness as the fin ( 3 ) and a width for example equal to half the width of the fin ( 3 ).
  • the second tube ( 2 ) has, diametrically opposite the fin ( 3 ) in the plane of the tubes, a fourth half-fin ( 5 ), with the same thickness as the fin ( 3 ) and a width for example equal to half the width of the fin ( 3 ).
  • the cutting of the fin into two half-fins can be done along an edge with any shape without going beyond the teaching of the present application.
  • a straight shape of the edges is particularly advantageous.
  • the structure of the invention in this second embodiment can be made from a single extruded piece comprising a central tube and two lateral half-fins in a same plane. It is thus possible to make the device illustrated in FIG. 2 by taking two of these parts extruded parts and making their tubes parallel and their fins coplanar in the plane of the tubes.
  • the flow of frigories in the middle of the fin ( 3 ) is nil and the flow of frigories between the first half-fin ( 6 ) and the second half-fin ( 7 ) is nil.
  • the battery according to the second described embodiment is the least expensive of the three to manufacture (5 to 10 times less welding), that it is also the least expensive to use (energetically conservative and requires 5 to 10 times less refrigerant than the other two techniques), for resistance to pressure equal to or greater than the other two.
  • One skilled in the art may, by a simple operations or by applying the “dT” criterion proposed in the first embodiment and in the second embodiment, verify, for a structure of these first and second embodiments, whether the behavior of the selected geometric structure is indeed a thermal behavior similar to a pillow plate or plate.
  • the curve of the evolution of “dT” as a function of time or over time will have a slope very close to the same curve drawn for a flat exchanger, with a practically constant shift. This shift will be about 1.5° C. after 4 h30.
  • the third half-fin ( 4 ) is diametrically opposite the first half-fin ( 6 ) on the first tube ( 1 ) and the fourth half-fin ( 5 ) is diametrically opposite the second half-fin ( 7 ) on the second tube ( 2 ).
  • the fourth half-fin ( 5 ) is diametrically opposite the second half-fin ( 7 ) on the second tube ( 2 ).
  • the tubes have an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 5 mm for a thickness of 1.5 mm.
  • Each half-fin has a width of 46 mm, for a width of about 100 mm of each extruded part and a thickness of the half-fins of 1.5 mm.
  • the edges of facing half-fins are preferably joined.
  • the distance between the tubes, here twice 46 mm for joined fins is chosen to be greater than ten times the width of a tube, here 8 mm.
  • the same variants as in the first embodiment can be considered on the shape of the tubes and half-fins and their component material, which is typically a metal suitable for extrusion.
  • the ratio of the inner surfaces, presumed to be smooth, in contact with the refrigerant and the outer surfaces in contact with the phase change material is greater than 10. This constitutes an unusual anisotropy in the prior art for a tube with lateral fins. However, despite such an anisotropic ratio, thermal simulations using methods known from the prior art show that 3 times more heat is exchanged via the fin or the half-fins than via the tube, which indeed validates the influence of the fin on the icing.
  • tube or fin or half-fin structures in a refrigeration machine as evaporator, to cool and solidify, using a refrigerant evaporating in the tubes, a liquid material, preferably calm or immobile, surrounding the tubes and the fins or half-fins.
  • thermodynamic system Throughout the application, the addition of a “frigorie” to a thermodynamic system will be defined as the removal of a calorie from that thermodynamic system.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
US16/343,275 2016-10-20 2017-10-20 Ice-based thermal energy storage device Abandoned US20190257593A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1670616A FR3057943A1 (fr) 2016-10-20 2016-10-20 Dispositif pour accumulateur thermique a prise en glace
FR1670616 2016-10-20
FR1752675A FR3057944B1 (fr) 2016-10-20 2017-03-30 Dispositif pour accumulateur thermique a prise en glace
FR1752675 2017-03-30
PCT/FR2017/052899 WO2018073552A1 (fr) 2016-10-20 2017-10-20 Dispositif pour accumulateur thermique a prise en glace

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190257593A1 true US20190257593A1 (en) 2019-08-22

Family

ID=58054358

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/343,275 Abandoned US20190257593A1 (en) 2016-10-20 2017-10-20 Ice-based thermal energy storage device

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20190257593A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3529549B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110073165A (fr)
ES (1) ES2961807T3 (fr)
FR (2) FR3057943A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018073552A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU30780A1 (fr) * 1950-06-13 1951-07-26 Echangeur de chaleur a ailettes
JPH0651758U (ja) * 1990-03-13 1994-07-15 三星電子株式会社 冷蔵庫用蒸発器構造
CN2324525Y (zh) * 1998-05-04 1999-06-16 陈希立 回路型热管的蓄热能电池
ITMI20010407A1 (it) * 2001-02-28 2002-08-28 High Technology Participation Apparecchiatura particolarmente per la conservazione di prodotti deperibili ad una temperatura predeterminata
US6742576B2 (en) * 2001-09-27 2004-06-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Heat exchanger barrier ribbon with polymeric tubes
CN2551956Y (zh) * 2002-06-21 2003-05-21 杭州华电华源环境工程有限公司 一种翅片蛇形盘管储冰装置
CN200940970Y (zh) * 2006-06-02 2007-08-29 潘阳 热管式蓄冰融冰蓄冷装置
CN201289171Y (zh) * 2008-09-19 2009-08-12 重庆大学 一种热管式同时蓄冷蓄热装置
CN102338506A (zh) * 2010-07-16 2012-02-01 史玉成 可蓄冷翼片管蒸发器
ES2834434T3 (es) * 2011-04-14 2021-06-17 Carrier Corp Intercambiador de calor
CN202793123U (zh) * 2011-09-30 2013-03-13 河南冰熊专用车辆制造有限公司 蓄冷热交换器及使用该蓄冷热交换器的冷藏车
CN102914098A (zh) * 2012-11-20 2013-02-06 海尔集团公司 冰箱用蒸发器及具有其的冰箱
CN104792208A (zh) * 2015-04-23 2015-07-22 林元武 蓄热装置

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Publication number Publication date
EP3529549C0 (fr) 2023-06-14
EP3529549B1 (fr) 2023-06-14
FR3057944B1 (fr) 2019-11-01
FR3057943A1 (fr) 2018-04-27
CN110073165A (zh) 2019-07-30
WO2018073552A1 (fr) 2018-04-26
ES2961807T3 (es) 2024-03-14
FR3057944A1 (fr) 2018-04-27
EP3529549A1 (fr) 2019-08-28

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