US20180355272A1

US20180355272A1 - Lubricating oil composition

Info

Publication number: US20180355272A1
Application number: US16/060,340
Authority: US
Inventors: Ko Onodera; Hiroyuki Suzuki; Toyoharu KANEKO; Kazuo Yamamori
Original assignee: Toyota Motor Corp; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co
Current assignee: Toyota Motor Corp; ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
Priority date: 2015-12-07
Filing date: 2016-12-07
Publication date: 2018-12-13
Also published as: JP6235549B2; CN108699480A; WO2017099140A1; SG11201804612XA; EP3388500A1; EP3388500A4; JP2017105875A

Abstract

Provided is a lubricating oil composition capable of decreasing friction while ensuring anti-wear properties even if it is reduced in viscosity. The lubricating oil composition comprises a lubricant base oil, (A) a magnesium-based detergent, and (B) a molybdenum-based friction modifier, wherein the amount of component (A) is in the range of 200 to 1200 mass ppm in terms of a concentration in mass ppm of magnesium [Mg] in the lubricating oil composition, and the amount of component (B) is in the range of 500 to 1500 mass ppm in terms of a concentration in mass ppm of molybdenum [Mo] in the lubricating oil composition.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is the National Phase entry of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2016/086429 filed Dec. 7, 2016, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-238499 filed Dec. 7, 2015, the entire contents of both are hereby incorporated by reference into this application.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a lubricating oil composition, more particularly to a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine, and even more particularly to a lubricating oil composition for a gasoline engine.

BACKGROUND

Lubricating oil compositions are widely used in the automotive field, such as for internal combustion engines, automatic transmissions, and gear oils. In recent years, viscosity reduction has been desired for an improvement in fuel economy. However, viscosity reduction causes a decrease in thickness of an oil film, and accordingly friction cannot be reduced sufficiently. Therefore, molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) which can reduce friction by producing molybdenum disulfide under boundary lubrication conditions has been conventionally used. At that time, a calcium-based detergent is normally used in combination therewith (e.g., Patent Document 1). However, in this combination, there is a limit in the reduction of friction, and accordingly fuel economy cannot be improved sufficiently.
It is also known to use a magnesium-based detergent as a detergent (e.g., Patent Documents 2 and 3). Although the use of a magnesium-based detergent can reduce friction more than calcium-based detergents, there is a problem that wear is likely to occur.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS

Patent Documents

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-199594

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-184566

[Patent Document 3] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-328265

SUMMARY

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a lubricating oil composition capable of reducing friction while securing anti-wear properties, even if it is reduced in viscosity.
As a result of intensive studies, the inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by adding a specific amount of a magnesium-based detergent and a specific amount of a molybdenum-based friction modifier to a lubricating oil base oil.
That is, the present disclosure provides a lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricant base oil, (A) a magnesium-based detergent, and (B) a molybdenum-based friction modifier, wherein the amount of component (A) is in the range of 200 to 1200 mass ppm in terms of a concentration in mass ppm of magnesium [Mg] in the lubricating oil composition, and the amount of component (B) is in the range of 500 to 1500 mass ppm in terms of a concentration in mass ppm of molybdenum [Mo] in the lubricating oil composition.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the lubricating oil composition further has at least one of the following features (1) to (7):
(1) wherein the amount of component (A) is in the range of from 300 to 800 mass ppm in terms of the amount of magnesium in the lubrication oil composition.
(2) wherein the amount of component (B) is in the range of from 600 to 1200 mass ppm in terms of the amount of magnesium in the lubrication oil composition.
(3) wherein it satisfies [Mg]/[Mo]≤2.4.
(4) wherein it further comprises a calcium-based detergent (A′) and satisfies ([Mg]+[Ca])/[Mo]<3.0, wherein the [Ca] represents the concentration in mass ppm of the calcium in the lubricating oil composition.
(5) wherein it has a CCS viscosity at −35° C. of less than or equal to 6.2 Pa·s.
(6) wherein it has a High-Temperature High-Shear Viscosity at 150° C. (HTHS viscosity) of 1.7 to 2.9 mPa·s.
(7) wherein it has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 9.3 mm²/s.
(8) wherein it is for use in an internal combustion engine.
The present disclosure further relates to a method for reducing friction while maintaining low wearing properties by using the lubricating oil composition or a lubricating oil composition according to embodiments (1) to (8) described above.
The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure can reduce friction while securing anti-wear properties, even if it is reduced in viscosity, and can be suitably used for a lubricating oil composition particularly for an internal combustion engine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Lubricating Oil Base Oil

The lubricating oil base oil in the present disclosure is not particularly limited. It may be any of mineral oils and synthetic oils and these oils may be used alone or may be used in combination.
The mineral oil includes, for example, those obtained by vacuum distilling an atmospheric residue oil obtained by topping crude oil to obtain a lubricating oil fraction, and refining the resulting lubricating oil fraction by subjecting it to one or more of treatments such as solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, hydrorefining, etc., as well as wax-isomerized mineral oil, GTL (Gas to Liquid) base oils, ATL (Asphalt to Liquid) base oils, vegetable oil-based base oils, or mixed base oils thereof.
The synthetic oil includes, for example, polybutene or hydrides thereof; poly-α-olefins or hydrides thereof, such as 1-octene oligomers, 1-decene oligomers, and the like; monoesters such as 2-ethylhexyl laurate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl stearate, and the like; diesters such as ditridecyl glutarate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate, ditridecyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, and the like; polyol esters such as neopentyl glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, neopentyl glycol di-n-octanoate, neopentyl glycol di-n-decanoate, trimethylolpropane tri-n-octanoate, trimethylolpropane tri-n-decanoate, pentaerythritol tetra-n-pentanoate, pentaerythritol tetra-n-hexanoate, pentaerythritol tetra-2-ethylhexanoate, and the like; aromatic synthetic oils such as alkylnaphthalenes, alkylbenzenes, aromatic esters, and the like; and mixtures thereof.
The kinematic viscosity (mm²/s) at 100° C. of the lubricating base oil is not particularly limited, but in some embodiments is 2 to 15 mm²/s, or 3 to 10 mm²/s, or 3 to 8 mm²/s, or even 3 to 6 mm²/s. This enable to obtain a lubricating oil composition which exhibits sufficient oil film formation, excellent lubricity, and even less evaporation loss.
The viscosity index (VI) of the lubricating oil base oil is not particularly limited, but in some embodiments is 100 or more, or 120 or more, or even 30 or more. This enables to reduce the viscosity at low temperatures while securing an oil film at high temperatures.

(A) Magnesium-Based Detergent

The magnesium-based detergent is not particularly limited, and any conventional one can be used. The magnesium-based detergent includes, for example, magnesium sulfonate, magnesium phenate, and magnesium salicylate. In some embodiments, the magnesium-based detergent is magnesium salicylate or magnesium sulphonate. A single magnesium-based detergent may be used alone or two or more magnesium-based detergents may be used in admixture.
By the inclusion of component (A), a high-temperature detergency and anti-rusting properties required for a lubricating oil can be ensured. Further, friction can be reduced, and consequently, torque can be reduced. This is particularly advantageous in terms of fuel economy characteristics.
Component (A) is added in such an amount that the concentration in mass ppm of magnesium [Mg] in the lubricating oil composition is in the range of 200 to 1200 mass ppm, or 250 to 1,000 mass ppm, or 300 to 800 mass ppm. An amount of component (A) above the upper limit indicated above may lead to an excessive wear, and an amount of component (A) lower than the lower limit indicated above may lead to a low friction reduction effect.
The amount of component (A) satisfies the following formula (1):
[Mg]/[Mo]≤2.4 (1)
wherein the [Mo] is the concentration in mass ppm of molybdenum in the lubricating oil composition. The value of the [Mg]/[Mo] is 2.0 or less, or 1.8 or less, or even 1.5 or less. The above value of more than 2.4 may lead to an excessive wear. The lower limit of the [Mg]/[Mo] is 0.1, or 0.2, and or even 0.3.
The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may contain calcium-based detergent (A′) as will be described later, as a metal detergent other than magnesium-based metal detergent (A). By the inclusion of the calcium-based detergent, a high-temperature detergency and anti-rusting properties required for a lubricating oil can be further ensured.
In some embodiments, component (A′) is added in an amount which satisfies the following formula (2):
([Mg]+[Ca])/[Mo]<3.0 (2)
wherein the [Ca] represents the concentration in mass ppm of calcium in the lubricating oil composition. The value of the ([Mg]+[Ca])/[Mo] is less than 2.8, or less than 2.6, or less than 2.5. The above value of more than the upper limit indicated above may lead to a low torque reduction effect. The lower limit of the ([Mg]+[Ca])/[Mo] is 0.2 or more, or 0.5, or 1.0.
In particular, magnesium-based detergent (A) is an overbased magnesium detergent. This enables to ensure acid neutralizing properties required for a lubricating oil. When an overbased magnesium-based detergent is used, a neutral, magnesium or calcium based detergent may be mixed therewith.
The total base number of magnesium-based detergent (A) is 20 to 600 mg KOH/g, or 50 to 500 mg KOH/g, or even 100 to 450 mg KOH/g, but is not limited thereto. This enables to ensure acid neutralizing properties, high-temperature detergency, and anti-rusting properties required for a lubricating oil. When a mixture of two or more metal detergents are used, the base number obtained after mixing is in the above ranges.
Magnesium-based detergent (A) has a magnesium content of 0.5 to 20 mass %, or 1 to 16 mass %, or even 2 to 14 mass %, and it may be added to the lubricating oil composition so that magnesium in an amount within the above ranges is included in the lubricating oil composition.
Calcium-based detergent (A′) is not particularly limited, and any conventional one may be used. The calcium-based detergent includes, for example, calcium sulfonate, calcium phenate, and calcium salicylate. One of the calcium-based detergents may be used or two or more of the calcium-based detergents may be used in admixture.
In some embodiments calcium-based detergent (A′) is an overbased calcium detergent. This enables to ensure acid neutralizing properties required for a lubricating oil. When an overbased calcium-based detergent is used, a neutral calcium-based detergent may also be used in combination therewith.
The total base number of calcium-based detergent (A′) is 20 to 500 mg KOH/g, or 50 to 400 mg KOH/g, or even 100 to 350 mg KOH/g, but is not limited thereto. This enables to ensure acid neutralizing properties, a high-temperature detergency, and anti-rusting properties required for a lubricating oil. When a mixture of two or more metal detergents are used, the base number obtained after mixing is in the above ranges.
In some embodiments calcium-based detergent (A′) has a calcium content of 0.5 to 20 mass %, or 1 to 16 mass %, or 2 to 14 mass %.
In some embodiments, the amounts of magnesium and calcium in the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure satisfy the following formula (3):
{[Mg]/([Mg]+[Ca])}*100≥5 (3)
wherein the value of the {[Mg]/([Mg]+[Ca])}*100 is 10 or more, or 15 or more. The above value of less than the lower limit indicated above may lead to a low friction reduction effect. The upper limit of the {[Mg]/([Mg]+[Ca])}*100 is 100, or 80, or 60, or even 50.
The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may contain a sodium-based detergent as a metal detergent other than those described above, provided that it does not impair the effects of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the sodium-based detergent is sodium sulfonate, sodium phenate, or sodium salicylate. One of the sodium-based detergent may be used alone or two or more of the sodium-based detergents may be used in admixture. By the inclusion of a sodium-based detergent, a high-temperature detergency and anti-rusting properties required for a lubricating oil can be ensured. A sodium-based detergent(s) may be used in admixture with the magnesium-based detergents and optional calcium-based detergents as described above.
The total amount of the metal detergents in the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure is such an amount that the amount of magnesium contained in the composition satisfies the specific range described above, and the amount of calcium-based detergent(s) is limited depending on the amount of the magnesium-based detergent(s).

(B) Molybdenum-Based Friction Modifier

The molybdenum-based friction modifier is not particularly limited, and well-known molybdenum-based friction modifiers may be used. The molybdenum-based friction modifier includes, for example, sulfur-containing organic molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum dithiophosphate (MoDTP), molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC), and the like, complexes of a molybdenum compound with a sulfur-containing organic compound or other organic compounds, complexes of a sulfur-containing molybdenum compound such as molybdenum sulfide, molybdic acid sulfide, and the like, with an alkenyl succinimide, and the like. The molybdenum compound described above includes, for example, molybdenum oxides such as molybdenum dioxide, molybdenum trioxide, and the like, molybdic acids such as orthomolybdic acid, paramolybdic acid, (poly)molybdic acid sulfide, and the like, molybdate salts such as metal salts, ammonium salts, and the like, of these molybdic acids, molybdenum sulfides such as molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum trisulfide, molybdenum pentasulfide, molybdenum polysulfide, and the like, molybdic acid sulfides, metal salts and amine salts of molybdic acid sulfides, and molybdenum halides such as molybdenum chloride, and the like. The sulfur-containing organic compound described above includes, for example, alkyl(thio)xanthate, thiadiazole, mercaptothiadiazole, thiocarbonate, tetrahydrocarbylthiuram disulfide, bis(di(thio)hydrocarbyldithiophosphonate) disulfide, organic (poly)sulfides, and sulfide esters, and the like. In particular, organic molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum dithiophosphate (MoDTP) and molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) are useful.
Molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) is a compound represented by formula [I] below, and molybdenum dithiophosphate (MoDTP) is a compound represented by formula [II] below.
In the above general formulae [I] and [II], R₁to R₈may be the same or different from each other, and represent monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon groups may be linear or branched. The monovalent hydrocarbon groups include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; alkenyl groups having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl groups having 4 to 30 carbon atoms; aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and the like. The bonding site of the alkyl group in the arylalky groups are arbitrary. More specifically, the alkyl groups include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, and the like, and branched alkyl groups thereof, and alkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms are particularly useful. Further, X₁and X₂represent oxygen or sulfur atom, and Y₁and Y₂represent oxygen or sulfur atom.
Sulfur-free organic molybdenum compounds may also be used as component (B). Such compounds include, for example, molybdenum-amine complexes, molybdenum-succinimide complexes, molybdenum salts of organic acids, molybdenum salts of alcohols, and the like.
Further, trinuclear molybdenum compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,968 may be used as friction modifier (B) in the present disclosure.
Component (B) is added in an amount such that the concentration in mass ppm of molybdenum [Mo] in the lubricating oil composition is in the range of from 500 to 1500 mass ppm, or from 600 to 1200 mass ppm. An amount of component (B) above the upper limit indicated above may lead to a deterioration in detergency, whereas an amount of component (B) lower than the lower limit indicated above may lead to an insufficient reduction in friction or a deterioration in detergency.
As described above for component (A), the amount of component (B) satisfies the following formula (1):
[Mg]/[Mo]≤2.4 (1).
The value of the [Mg]/[Mo] is 2.0 or less, or 1.8 or less, or even 1.5 or less. The lower limit value of the [Mg]/[Mo] is 0.1, or 0.2, or 0.3.
The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure comprises the above lubricating oil base oil, component (A), and component (B), and it may also contain conventional anti-wear agents, ashless dispersants, and viscosity index improvers as optional components.
Any well-known anti-wear agents may be used as the anti-wear agent. Among them, anti-wear agents having phosphorus are useful, and zinc dithiophosphate (ZnDTP (also referred to as ZDDP)) represented by the following formula are useful.
In the above formula, R¹and R²may be the same or different from each other and represent hydrogen atom or monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 26 carbon atoms. The monovalent hydrocarbon groups include primary or secondary alkyl groups having 1 to 26 carbon atoms; alkenyl groups having 2 to 26 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl groups having 6 to 26 carbon atoms; aryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl groups having 6 to 26 carbon atoms; or hydrocarbon groups containing an ester bond, ether bond, alcohol group or carboxyl group. In some embodiments, R¹and R²represent a primary or secondary alkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkylaryl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different from each other. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate is particularly useful, and the primary alkyl group has 3 to 12 carbon atoms or has 4 to 10 carbon atoms. The secondary alkyl group has 3 to 12 carbon atoms or has 3 to 10 carbon atoms. One type of the zinc dithiophosphate described above may be used alone or two or more types may be used in admixture. Further, zinc dithiocarbamate (ZnDTC) may also be used in combination therewith.
Further, at least one compound selected from phosphate- and phosphite-type phosphorous compounds represented by the following formulas (6) and (7), and metal salts and amine salts thereof, may also be used.
In the above general formula (4), R³is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R⁴and R⁵are independently hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and m is 0 or 1.
In formula (5), R⁶is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R⁷and R⁸are independently hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.
In the above general formulae (4) and (5), the monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R³to R⁸include, for example, alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl groups, aryl groups, alkyl-substituted aryl groups, and arylalkyl groups. In some embodiments, the monovalent hydrocarbon groups are an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 4 to 15 carbon atoms.
The phosphorous compounds represented by the above general formula (4) include, for example, phosphite monoesters and (hydrocarbyl)phosphonous acids having one hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms as described above; phosphite diesters, monothiophosphite diesters and (hydrocarbyl)phosphonous monoesters having two hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms as described above; phosphite triesters and (hydrocarbyl)phosphonous diesters having three hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms as described above, and mixtures thereof.
The metal salts or amine salts of the phosphorous compounds represented by the above general formula (4) or (5) can be obtained by allowing a metal base such as a metal oxide, metal hydroxide, metal carbonate, metal chloride, and the like; ammonia; a nitrogen compound such as an amine compound having in its molecule only a hydrocarbon or hydroxyl group-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; or the like, to act on a phosphorous compound represented by general formula (4) or (5), to neutralize a part or all of the remaining acidic hydrogen. The metal in the above metal base includes, for example, alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, and the like; alkaline earth metals such as calcium, magnesium, barium, and the like; and heavy metals such as zinc, copper, iron, lead, nickel, silver, manganese, and the like (excluding molybdenum). Among these, alkaline metals such as calcium, magnesium, and the like, as well as zinc are useful.
An anti-wear agent is formulated into the lubricating oil composition, typically at 0.1 to 5.0 mass %, or at 0.2 to 3.0 mass %.
The ashless dispersant includes nitrogen-containing compounds having in its molecule at least one linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 40 to 500 carbon atoms, or 60 to 350 carbon atoms, or a derivative thereof, Mannich dispersants, or mono- or bis-succinimides (e.g., alkenyl succinimides), benzylamines having in its molecule at least one alkyl or alkenyl group having 40 to 500 carbon atoms, or polyamines having in its molecule at least one alkyl or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms, or products modified with a boron compound, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, or the like. One or two or more optionally selected from them may be added. In some embodiments, the ashless dispersant contains an alkenyl succinimide.
The method for preparing the succinimide is not particularly limited. For example, it is obtained by reacting a compound having an alkyl or alkenyl group having 40 to 500 carbon atoms with maleic anhydride at 100 to 200° C. to produce an alkyl succinic acid or alkenyl succinic acid, and reacting the resulting alkyl succinic acid or alkenyl succinic acid with a polyamine. The polyamine includes diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, and pentaethylene hexamine. The derivatives of the nitrogen-containing compounds exemplified above for the ashless dispersant include, for example, so-called oxygen-containing organic compound-modified compounds obtained by allowing a monocarboxylic acid having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, such as fatty acids, polycarboxylic acids having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, such as oxalic acid, phthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, and the like, or anhydrides or esters thereof, an alkyleneoxide having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or hydroxy(poly)oxyalkylene carbonate to act on the nitrogen-containing compounds described above to neutralize or amidate a part or all of the remaining amino groups and/or imino groups therein; so-called boron-modified compounds obtained by allowing boric acid to act on the nitrogen-containing compounds described above to neutralize or amidate a part or all of the remaining amino groups and/or imino groups therein; so-called phosphoric acid-modified compounds obtained by allowing phosphoric acid to act on the nitrogen-containing compounds described above to neutralize or amidate a part or all of the remaining amino groups and/or imino groups therein; sulfur-modified compounds obtained by allowing a sulfur compound to act on the nitrogen-containing compounds described above; and modified compounds obtained by subjecting the nitrogen-containing compound described above to two or more modifications selected from a modification with an oxygen-containing organic compound, a modification with boron, a modification with phosphoric acid, a modification with sulfur. Among these derivatives, boron-modified compounds of alkenyl succinimides, in particular, bis-type boron-modified compounds of alkenyl succinimides can further improve heat resistance properties in combination with the base oil described above.
The amount of the ashless dispersant is 20 mass % or less, or 15 mass % or less, or 5 mass % or less, based on the total amount of the composition. Further, a boron-containing ashless dispersant may also be used as an ashless dispersant in admixture with a boron-free ashless dispersant. Moreover, when a boron-containing ashless dispersant is used, the content ratio thereof is not particularly limited. However, the amount of boron contained in the composition is 0.001 to 0.2 mass %, or 0.003 to 0.1 mass %, or 0.005 to 0.05 mass %, based on the total amount of the composition.
The number average molecular weight (M_n) of the ashless dispersant is 2000 or more, or 2500 or more, or 3000 or more, or 5000 or more, or 15000 or less. The number average molecular weight of the ashless dispersant of less than the lower limit indicated above may lead to an insufficient dispersibility. On the other hand, a number average molecular weight of the ashless dispersant of more than the upper limit indicated above may lead to an excessive viscosity, thereby resulting in insufficient fluidity, causing an increase in deposits.
The viscosity index improver includes, for example, those containing polymethacrylates, dispersed type polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers (polyisobutylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer), dispersed type olefin copolymers, polyalkyl styrene, styrene-butadiene hydrogenated copolymers, styrene-maleic anhydride ester copolymers, star-shaped isoprene, or the like. Further, it is also possible to use a comb-shaped polymer comprising in its main chain at least a repeating unit based on a polyolefin macromer and a repeating unit based on an alkyl (meth)acrylate having a C1-30 alkyl group.
The viscosity index improver is typically comprised of the above polymer and a diluent oil. The content of the viscosity index improver is 0.01 to 20 mass %, or from 0.02 to 10 mass %, or 0.05 to 5 mass %, as the amount of the polymer, based on the total amount of the composition. A content of the viscosity index improver of less than the lower limit indicated above may lead to a deterioration in viscosity-temperature characteristics and low-temperature viscosity characteristics. On the other hand, a content of the viscosity index improver of more than the upper limit indicated above may lead to a deterioration in viscosity-temperature characteristics and low-temperature viscosity characteristics, and may further lead to a significant increase in product cost.
The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure may further contain other additives depending on the purpose in order to improve its performance. Additives that are commonly used in lubricating oil compositions can be used for the above other additives, and the above other additives include, for example, additives such as antioxidants, friction modifiers other than component (B), corrosion inhibitors, anti-rusting agents, pour point depressants, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, antifoaming agents, etc.
The antioxidants include ashless antioxidants of phenol-based type, amine-based type, etc., and metal-based antioxidants such as cupper-based type, molybdenum-based type, and the like. For example, the phenol-based ashless antioxidants include 4,4′-methylene bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), isooctyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, and the like, and the amine-based ashless antioxidants include phenyl-α-naphthylamine, alkylphenyl-α-naphthylamine, dialkyldiphenylamines, and the like. The antioxidant(s) is typically incorporated in the lubricating oil composition at 0.1 to 5 mass %.
The friction modifiers other than component (B) include, for example, esters, amines, amides, sulfide esters, etc. The friction modifier(s) is typically incorporated in the lubricating oil composition at 0.01 to 3 mass %.
The corrosion inhibitors include, for example, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole-based, thiadiazole-based, imidazole-based compounds, and the like. The anti-rusting agents include, for example, petroleum sulfonates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, dinonyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkenyl succinic acid esters, polyhydric alcohol esters, and the like. The corrosion inhibitor(s) is typically incorporated in the lubricating oil composition at 0.01 to 5 mass %.
As the pour point depressants, for example, polymethacrylate-based polymers compatible with the lubricating oil base oil used can be used. The pour point depressant(s) is typically incorporated in the lubrication oil composition at 0.01 to 3 mass %.
The demulsifiers include, for example, polyalkylene glycol-based non-ionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl naphthyl ether, and the like. The demulsifier(s) is typically incorporated in the lubricating oil composition at 0.01 to 5 mass %.
The metal deactivators include, for example, imidazolines, pyrimidine derivatives, alkyl thiadiazoles, mercapto benzothiazole, benzotriazole or derivatives thereof, 1,3,4-thiadiazole polysulfides, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl-2,5-bisdialkyl dithiocarbamate, 2-(alkyldithio)benzimidazole, beta-(o-carboxybenzylthio)propionitrile, and the like. The metal deactivator(s) is typically incorporated in the lubricating oil composition at 0.01 to 3 mass %.
The defoaming agents include, for example, silicone oils having a kinematic viscosity at 25° C. of 1,000 to 100,000 mm²/s, alkenyl succinic acid derivatives, esters of a polyhydroxy aliphatic alcohol and a long-chain fatty acid, methyl salicylate, o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and the like. The defoamer(s) is typically incorporated in the lubricating oil composition at 0.001 to 1 mass %.
Alkali borate additives may be added as the above other additives. Alkali borate additives are those containing an alkali metal borate hydrate and can be represented by the following formula:
M₂O.xB₂O₃ .yH₂O
wherein M is an alkali metal, x is 2.5 to 4.5, and y is 1.0 to 4.8.
Specifically, it includes lithium borate hydrate, sodium borate hydrate, potassium borate hydrate, rubidium borate hydrate, cesium borate hydrate, and the like, and potassium borate hydrate and sodium borate hydrate are useful. The alkali metal borate hydrate particles has an average particle diameter of generally 1 micron (μ) or less. In the alkali metal borate hydrate used in the present disclosure, the ratio of boron to alkali metal is in the range of about from 2.5:1 to 4.5:1. The addition amount of the alkali borate additive is 0.002 to 0.05 mass % in terms of the amount of boron, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
The CCS viscosity at −35° C. of the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure is not limited, but is 6.2 Pa·s or less, or 5.0 Pa·s or less, or 4.0 Pa·s or less, or 3.5 Pa·s or less.
In the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure, the amount of the molybdenum contained in the lubricating oil composition and the CCS viscosity at −35° C. satisfy the following formula (6):
[CCS Viscosity]/[Mo]≤0.01 (6)
wherein the [CCS Viscosity] represents the CCS viscosity value (Pa·s) at −35° C. of the lubricating oil composition, and the [Mo] represents the concentration in mass ppm of the molybdenum in the lubricating oil composition.
The value of the [CCS viscosity]/[Mo] is 0.008 or less, or 0.005 or less. The above value of more than 0.01 may lead to a decrease in torque reduction rate or a deterioration in detergency. The lower limit of the [CCS Viscosity]/[Mo] is not limited, but is 0.002, or 0.003.
The high-temperature high-shear viscosity (HTHS viscosity) at 150° C. of the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure is not limited, but is 1.7 to 2.9 mPa·s, or 2.0 to 2.6 mPa·s.
The kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure is not limited, but is less than 9.3 mm²/s, or less than 8.2 mm²/s.
The lubricating oil composition of the present disclosure has sufficient frictional properties and wear properties even if it has a low viscosity, and exhibits an effect of yielding a high torque reduction rate, and therefore can be suitably used for an internal combustion engine.

EXAMPLES

The present disclosure is illustrated in more detail below by way of Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.
Materials used in Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows.
Lubricating oil base oil
Lubricating oil base oil: Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, kinematic viscosity at 100° C.=4.1 mm²/s, and VI=127
Magnesium-based detergents (A)
Magnesium-based detergent 1: magnesium salicylate (total base number 340 mg KOH/g, magnesium content 7.5 mass %)
Magnesium-based detergent 2: magnesium sulfonate (total base number 400 mg KOH/g, magnesium content 9.0 mass %)
Calcium-based detergents (A′)
Calcium-based detergent 1: calcium salicylate (total base number 350 mg KOH/g, calcium content 12.0 mass %)
Calcium-based detergent 2: calcium salicylate (total base number 220 mg KOH/g, magnesium content 8.0 mass %)
Molybdenum-based friction modifier (B)
Molybdenum-based friction modifier: MoDTC (molybdenum content 10 mass %)
Anti-wear agents
Anti-wear agent 1: pri-ZnDTP (primary alkyl type)
Anti-wear agent 2: sec-ZnDTP (secondary alkyl type)
Other additives
Antioxidant: phenolic antioxidant
Ashless dispersant: succinimide
Viscosity index improver: polymethacrylate
Defoaming agent: dimethyl silicone

Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6

Lubricating oil compositions were prepared by mixing the components in the amounts shown in Table 1. The amounts of the magnesium-based detergents, calcium-based detergents, and molybdenum-based friction modifier are respectively represented in terms of the content of magnesium, calcium, and molybdenum in mass ppm relative to the total lubricating oil composition amount, and the amounts of the anti-wear agents and the other additives are represented in parts by mass relative to the total lubricating oil composition amount (100 parts by mass). The amounts of magnesium-based detergents and calcium-based detergents were set so that the total molar amount of the magnesium and calcium contained in these detergents are identical in all the examples and comparative examples. The resulting compositions were subjected to the following tests. The results are shown in Table 1.

(1) High-Temperature High-Shear Viscosity at 150° C. (HTHS150)

Measured in accordance with ASTM D4683.
(2) CCS Viscosity at −35° C. (CCS viscosity)
Measured in accordance with ASTM D5293.

(3) Kinematic Viscosity at 100° C. (KV100)

Measured at 100° C. in accordance with ASTM D445.

(4) Torque Reduction Rate

The lubricating oil compositions obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples were used as test compositions, and torque was measured by a motoring test using a gasoline engine. The engine was a Toyota 2ZR-FE 1.8 L inline 4-cylinder engine, and a torque meter was installed between the motor and the engine, and then the torque was measured at an oil temperature of 80° C. and an engine speed of 700 RPM. A commercially available GF-5 0W-20 oil was used as a standard oil, and the torque was measured in the same way. The torque (T) of the test composition was compared with the torque (T₀) of the standard oil and the reduction rate ({(T₀−T)/T₀}×100) (%) relative to the torque of the standard oil was calculated. The higher the reduction rate, the better the fuel economy. Those exhibited a reduction rate of 5.5% or more were determined as passed.

(5) Shell Wear Scar Diameter

Measurements were conducted in accordance with the shell four-ball test (ASTM D4172), except that the rotational speed was set at 1800 rpm, the load was set at 40 kgf, the test temperature was set at 90° C., and the test time was set at 30 minutes. Those exhibited a wear scar diameter of 0.7 mm or less were determined as passed.

(6) Hot Tube Test (High-Temperature Detergency Evaluation)

A lubricating oil composition was continuously allowed to flow into a glass tube having an inner diameter of 2 mm at 0.3 ml/hr for 16 hours with flowing air at 10 ml/sec, while maintaining the temperature of the glass tube at 270° C. The lacquer deposited inside the glass tube was compared with a color sample and was rated as 10 for a transparent lacquer and rated as 0 for a black color lacquer. The higher the rating, the better the high temperature detergency.
Those exhibited a rating of 5.0 or higher were determined as passed.

TABLE 1

	Ex. 1	Ex. 2	Ex. 3	Ex. 4	Ex. 5	Ex. 6	Ex. 7

Lubricating oil base oil	Balance	Balance	Balance	Balance	Balance	Balance	Balance

(A)	Magnesium-based detergent 1	300	600	300	0	300	1100	300
	Magnesium-based detergent 2	0	0	0	300	0	0	0
(A′)	Calcium-based detergent 1	1400	900	1400	1400	0	0	1400
	Calcium-based detergent 2	0	0	0	0	1400	0	0
(B)	Molybdenum-based friction modifier	700	700	700	700	700	1000	1000

Anti-wear agent 1	1	1	—	—	—	1	—
Anti-wear agent 2	—	—	1	1	1	—	1
Antioxidant	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ashless dispersant	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6
Viscosity index improver	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7
Antifoaming agent	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
[Mg]/[Mo]	0.43	0.86	0.43	0.43	0.43	1.10	0.30
([Mg] + [Ca])/[Mo]	2.4	2.1	2.4	2.4	2.4	1.1	1.7
[Mg]/([Mg] + [Ca]) × 100	17.6	40.0	17.6	17.6	17.6	100.0	17.6

Evaluation	KV100	mm²/s	6.8	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.6	6.9
Results	HTHS150	mPa · s	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
	CCS Viscosity	Pa · s	3.2	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.4
	Torque reduction rate	%	5.99	7.71	8.04	6.40	7.40	7.43	7.45
	Shell wear scar diameter	mm	0.64	0.63	0.68	0.55	0.62	0.61	0.66
	Hot tube	270° C.	7.5	7.5	6.5	5.5	5.5	8.5	5.5
	[CCS Viscosity]/[Mo]		0.0046	0.0044	0.0049	0.0047	0.0047	0.0034	0.0034

		Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.	Comp.
	Ex. 8	Ex. 1	Ex. 2	Ex. 3	Ex. 4	Ex. 5	Ex. 6

Lubricating oil base oil	Balance	Balance	Balance	Balance	Balance	Balance	Balance

(A)	Magnesium-based detergent 1	0	0	0	0	300	600	1500
	Magnesium-based detergent 2	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
(A′)	Calcium-based detergent 1	1400	1900	1900	1900	1400	900	0
	Calcium-based detergent 2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
(B)	Molybdenum-based friction modifier	1000	700	1000	1000	300	300	700

Anti-wear agent 1	—	1	1	—	1	1	1
Anti-wear agent 2	1	—	—	1	—	—	—
Antioxidant	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ashless dispersant	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6
Viscosity index improver	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.7
Antifoaming agent	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
[Mg]/[Mo]	0.30	0	0	0	1.00	2.00	2.14
([Mg] + [Ca])/[Mo]	1.7	2.7	1.9	1.9	5.7	5.0	2.1
[Mg]/([Mg] + [Ca]) × 100	17.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	17.6	40.0	100.0

Evaluation	KV100	mm²/s	6.9	6.8	6.9	6.9	6.7	6.8	6.7
Results	HTHS150	mPa · s	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
	CCS Viscosity	Pa · s	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3
	Torque reduction rate	%	8.66	0.86	2.91	5.3	1.7	3.4	6.5
	Shell wear scar diameter	mm	0.66	0.53	0.63	0.61	0.54	0.62	0.74
	Hot tube	270° C.	5.5	6.5	6.5	4.0	3.0	4.0	8.5
	[CCS Viscosity]/[Mo]		0.0034	0.0046	0.0034	0.0034	0.011	0.011	0.0047

As is evident from Table 1, the lubricating oil compositions of the present disclosure exhibited low wear as well as high torque reduction rate and high-temperature detergency, even though they had a low kinetic viscosity at 100° C.
On the other hand, the compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 that were free of magnesium-based detergent (A) exhibited a low torque reduction rate, and the composition of Comparative Example 6 containing magnesium-based detergent (A) in an amount higher than the upper limit of the present disclosure exhibited a large wear. Further, the compositions of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 containing molybdenum-based friction modifier (B) in an amount less than the lower limit of the present disclosure exhibited a low torque reduction rate and poor high-temperature detergency.

Claims

1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:

a lubricant base oil;

(A) a magnesium-based detergent; and

(B) a molybdenum-based friction modifier,

wherein the amount of component (A) is in the range of 200 to 1200 mass ppm in terms of a concentration in mass ppm of magnesium [Mg] in the lubricating oil composition, and the amount of component (B) is in the range of 500 to 1500 mass ppm in terms of a concentration in mass ppm of molybdenum [Mo] in the lubricating oil composition.

2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil composition satisfies the following formula (1):

[Mg]/[Mo]≤2.4 (1).

3. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, further comprising a calcium-based detergent (A′), and satisfying the following formula (2):

([Mg]+[Ca])/[Mo]<3.0 (2)

wherein the [Ca] represents a concentration in mass ppm of calcium in the lubricating oil composition.

4. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, having a CCS viscosity at −35° C. of less than or equal to 6.2 Pa·s.

5. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, having a High-Temperature High-Shear Viscosity at 150° C. (HTHS viscosity) of 1.7 to 2.9 mPa·s.

6. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 9.3 mm²/s.

7. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil composition is for use in an internal combustion engine.

8. The lubricating oil composition of claim 2, further comprising a calcium-based detergent (A′), and satisfying the following formula (2):

([Mg]+[Ca])/[Mo]<3.0 (2)

9. The lubricating oil composition of claim 2, having a CCS viscosity at −35° C. of less than or equal to 6.2 Pa·s.

10. The lubricating oil composition of claim 3, having a CCS viscosity at −35° C. of less than or equal to 6.2 Pa·s.

11. The lubricating oil composition of claim 2, having a High-Temperature High-Shear Viscosity at 150° C. (HTHS viscosity) of 1.7 to 2.9 mPa·s.

12. The lubricating oil composition of claim 3, having a High-Temperature High-Shear Viscosity at 150° C. (HTHS viscosity) of 1.7 to 2.9 mPa·s.

13. The lubricating oil composition of claim 4, having a High-Temperature High-Shear Viscosity at 150° C. (HTHS viscosity) of 1.7 to 2.9 mPa·s.

14. The lubricating oil composition of claim 2, having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 9.3 mm²/s.

15. The lubricating oil composition of claim 3, having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 9.3 mm²/s.

16. The lubricating oil composition of claim 4, having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 9.3 mm²/s.

17. The lubricating oil composition of claim 5, having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of less than 9.3 mm²/s.

18. The lubricating oil composition of claim 2, wherein the lubricating oil composition is for use in an internal combustion engine.

19. The lubricating oil composition of claim 3, wherein the lubricating oil composition is for use in an internal combustion engine.

20. The lubricating oil composition of claim 4, wherein the lubricating oil composition is for use in an internal combustion engine.