US20180319078A1 - Materials for 3d multi-stage method - Google Patents
Materials for 3d multi-stage method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20180319078A1 US20180319078A1 US16/033,474 US201816033474A US2018319078A1 US 20180319078 A1 US20180319078 A1 US 20180319078A1 US 201816033474 A US201816033474 A US 201816033474A US 2018319078 A1 US2018319078 A1 US 2018319078A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- material system
- casing
- coating
- sand
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 83
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 chamotte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920013640 amorphous poly alpha olefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006147 copolyamide elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 claims 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 2
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 claims 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008275 binding mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940034040 ethanol / isopropyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003890 succinate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical class S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
- B22C1/22—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/171—Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4584—Coating or impregnating of particulate or fibrous ceramic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multi-stage 3D printing method as well as a device which may be used for this method.
- a layering method for producing models is described in US 2005/0003189 A1, in which a thermoplastic particulate material is mixed with a powdered binder and printed in layers with an aqueous solvent.
- the binder should be easily soluble in the aqueous print medium.
- the models are subsequently removed from the surrounding powder and possibly dried in an oven during a follow-up process for the purpose of increasing the strength.
- a layering method for producing investment-cast original models is described in DE 102 27 224 B4, in which a PMMA particulate material, which is coated with a PVP binder, is printed in layers with a mixture of a solvent and an activator for the purpose of dissolving the binder and activating the binder action.
- Either the known methods are tool-dependent processes or the known 3D printing processes achieve green strengths that are too low for the efficient and economically advantageous manufacture of molded parts.
- the object of the application is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a device or device arrangement according to claim 10 .
- the object is achieved by a method for producing one or multiple molded bodies, the method including the following steps:
- the molded body is preferably subjected to one or multiple additional processing steps. All other methods or work steps known to those skilled in the art may be used.
- the one or multiple additional processing steps are selected, for example, from the group comprising polishing or dyeing.
- the molded body (also referred to as the component) is solidified in the presolidification step to the extent that an unpacking from the unsolidified particulate material is possible, and the molded body essentially retains its shape defined in the 3D printing method. In particular, shrinkage or the like is essentially avoided.
- the unpacking operation may take place manually or mechanically or in a robot-assisted manner.
- Flexural strengths of more than 120 N/cm 2 , preferably more than 200 N/cm 2 , particularly preferably 120 to 400 N/cm 2 may be achieved in the presolidified molded body (green body) after the presolidification step.
- the molded body may again be surrounded by particulate material, which is preferably inert, to thereby be able to support the molded body in the subsequent heat treatment step and better conduct the heat as well as to achieve a uniform heat conduction.
- Shaking devices may be used to evenly distribute the particulate material.
- Flexural strengths of more than 250 N/cm 2 preferably from 250 to 750 N/cm 2 , preferably more than 750 N/cm 2 , particularly preferably more than 1,000 N/cm 2 , even more preferably more than 1,200 N/cm 2 may be achieved in the molded body after the final solidification step.
- the method is carried out in such a way that the presolidification step takes place without the application of additional thermal energy.
- the presolidification step will preferably take place using a solvent and/or a polymerization reaction.
- the final solidification step may preferably take place with the aid of heat treatment.
- other final solidification methods and treatments known to those skilled in the art are also possible.
- the component may be supported by inert material during the heat treatment.
- Temperatures of preferably 110° C. to 130° C., preferably 130° C. to 150° C., particularly preferably 150° C. to 200° C. are used in the final solidification step.
- the temperature at the component is preferably in the time range of 2 to 24 hours; particularly preferably the temperature is maintained over 2 to 5 hours.
- Natural silica sand, kerphalite, cera beads, zircon sand, chromite sand, olivine sand, chamotte, corundum or glass spheres are used as the particulate material.
- the particulate material is characterized by a single-phase coating or casing having one or multiple materials.
- the coating or the casing may preferably be a binder.
- the casing or coating preferably comprises or includes thermoplastic polymers, soluble polymers, waxes, synthetic and natural resins, sugars, salts, inorganic network formers or water glasses.
- the solvent preferably comprises or includes water, hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, acetates, succinates, monomers, formaldehyde, phenol and mixtures thereof.
- the binder may contain polymerizable monomers.
- the coating or casing contains materials for starting a polymerization with the binder.
- the material contained in the casing or coating preferably contributes to the final strength or to the preliminary strength in the presolidification step and to the final strength in the final solidification step.
- two different materials are contained in the casing or coating, the one material being essentially destined for the presolidification step and the other material essentially being destined for the final solidification step.
- the method is thus simplified, may be carried out faster and is thus more economical.
- the coating or casing may preferably contain a color indicator which is activated by the binder.
- the invention relates to a device or a device arrangement suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the first step of the method according to the invention may, in principle, be carried out as described in the prior art for 3D printing methods.
- EP 0 431 924 B1 and DE102006038858 A1 are cited by way of example.
- the subsequent unpacking step may be carried out manually but preferably in a mechanically assisted manner.
- Robot-assisted unpacking is another preferred variant of a mechanical method step according to the invention. In this case, both the unpacking, i.e., the removal of the unsolidified particulate material, and the transfer of the molded part may take place with the aid of computer-controlled gripper arms and extraction units.
- the invention is preferably carried out with the aid of a particulate material bed-based 3D printing method.
- the desired molded body is created during 3D printing by repeated layering.
- particulate material is applied (leveled) in a thin layer onto a surface.
- An image according to the section of the desired 3D object is printed using an ink-jet print head.
- the printed areas solidify and bond to underlying, already printed surfaces.
- the resulting layer is shifted by the thickness of one layer according to the design of the equipment.
- 3D printers may be used which lower the layer in the direction of gravity. Machines are preferably used which are designed according to the cycling principle, and the layers in this case are moved in the conveyance direction. Particulate material is now again applied to the building surface.
- the build process which involves the steps of coating, printing and lowering, continues to be repeated until the one or more molded body(ies) is/are finished.
- the method step of 3D printing and the presolidification step are preferably implemented by selectively printing a solvent onto the binder-encased particulate material.
- the solvent liquefies the casing.
- the viscosity is significantly lower than in thermal melting. While the viscosities of polymer melts may be in the range of approximately 10 to 1,000 Pas, a polymer solution may reach a viscosity of a few mPas, depending on the quantity added and the solvent.
- a viscosity of 2 to 100 mPas is preferred, 2 to 10 mPas is more preferred, 2 to 5 mPas is even more preferred.
- the fluid mixture withdraws into the contact point between two particles and then leaves behind a strong bridge.
- the effect may be strengthened by adding polymers to the printing fluid.
- suitable method conditions are selected or corresponding components that are necessary for a polymerization reaction are worked into either the solvent or into the coating of the particulate material. All resins or synthetic resins known to those skilled in the art and which are suitable for polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation reactions may be used. Materials of this type are preferably defined by DIN 55958 and are added to the disclosure of this description with reference thereto.
- a binder-encased foundry molding material may be used as the particulate material.
- the casing is solid at room temperature.
- the particulate material is thus pourable and free-flowing.
- the material encasing the particles is preferably soluble in the printing fluid that is applied by the ink-jet print head.
- the printing fluid contains the casing material or its precursors in the form of a dispersion or solution.
- the material present in the printing fluid may likewise preferably belong to a different material group.
- the solvent dissipates into surrounding particulate material or into the atmosphere by means of evaporation.
- the solvent may also react and solidify with the casing material.
- the material groups for the particulate material and the casing are varied.
- the base materials may be, for example, natural silica sand, kerphalite, cera beads, zircon sand, chromite sand, olivine sand, chamotte or corundum. However, other particulate base materials are also generally suitable.
- the casing may be organic or inorganic. It is applied either thermally, in solution or by mechanical striking or rolling.
- binders are furan, urea or amino resins, novolaks or resols, urea formaldehyde resins, furfuryl alcohol urea formaldehyde resins, phenol-modified furan resins, phenol formaldehyde resins or furfuryl alcohol phenol formaldehyde resin, which may each be present in liquid, solid, granulated or powdered form.
- the use of epoxy resins is also possible.
- encased silica sand having an average grain size of approximately 140 ⁇ m such as the RFS-5000 product from Wilsontenes-Albertus Chemische Werke, is particularly preferred. It is supplied with a resol resin casing. In one simple design, an ethanol/isopropyl alcohol mixture may be used as the printing fluid. Predissolved resin may also be added to the printing fluid.
- a strength of more than 120 N/cm 2 results after a time period of 24 hours following the printing process and the addition of 10 wt % liquid binder. Even delicate structures may be quickly unpacked thereby.
- a highly concentrated material in the form of predissolved resin of the Corrodur type may furthermore preferably be used as liquid binder for the system.
- Dioxolane may be used as the solvent additive. Due to the high proportion of resin, molding base materials having a low casing content may be selected. Likewise, untreated sand may be used—with a loss in strength. The design according to the invention in this case may be seen in the complete dissolution of the coating material.
- the materials used in the first method step of 3D printing already include all components required for the final solidification step, preferably binders in the particulate material, which are first bound in the presolidification step using another binding mechanism (physical instead of chemical or vice versa) or other materials (binder in the printing solution) and react/solidify in the subsequent final solidification step in such a way that the advantageous final strength is achieved. It is thus advantageously possible to simplify the different solidification steps in that the particulate material already contains, in the first method step, all materials required for final solidification, and it is possible to achieve the advantageous final strength without introducing additional material in the heat treatment step.
- the inventors were able to advantageously achieve the fact that an efficient method was provided, which makes it possible to combine work steps, reduce the use of manual steps and thus positively improve the process speed.
- the method according to the invention it is also possible to achieve flexural strengths in the green body which are sufficient to supply it to a thermal solidification step without damage or other impairments and without the use of tools in the 3D printing method.
- FIG. 1 shows particulate material ( 100 ), a sand grain ( 101 ) being encased with binder ( 102 ).
- FIG. 2 shows the process of evaporating particulate material ( 200 ), to which solvent was added, whereby the particles ( 200 , comprising 201 and 202 ) are bound and the material is presolidified.
- the evaporation of the solvent may also be accelerated by the application of heat ( 203 ).
- FIG. 3 shows the structure of a presolidified molded body ( 300 ).
- FIG. 4 shows the operation after printing; in this case the solvent begins to penetrate binder coating ( 402 ) of particle core ( 401 ).
- FIGS. 5 a through 5 d show the evaporation process of the solvent, the mixture concentrating in the contact point ( 503 ) between the particles ( 500 ) ( FIG. 5 d ).
- the molded body is formed by binding individual particles ( FIG. 3 ).
- the particulate material-based process is based on a particulate material ( 100 ) which is encased by a binder ( 102 ) ( FIG. 1 ).
- Casing ( 102 ) characteristically has different properties than base material ( 101 ).
- the sand known from the Croning process may be mentioned as an example.
- a grain of sand ( 101 ) is coated with a novolak resin ( 102 ). This resin is melted on and mixed with the sand during the manufacturing process. The sand continues to be mixed until the resin has cooled. The individual grains are separated thereby and a pourable material ( 100 ) results.
- Base materials having an average grain diameter between 10 and 2,000 ⁇ m may be considered as suitable sands for processing in the method according to the invention.
- Different base materials such as natural silica sand, kerphalite, cera beads, zircon sand, chromite sand, olivine sand, chamotte, corundum and glass spheres are suitable for subsequent use in casting processes.
- Binders may be applied in a wide range of materials. Important representatives are phenol resins (resol resins and novolaks), acrylic resins and polyurethanes. All thermoplastics may furthermore be thermally applied to the grains. Examples of materials that may be used according to the invention are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyoxymethylene, polyamides, acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile styrene butadiene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate.
- solvents may be used to coat grains coated according to the invention with a bindable material.
- Other casings may also be implemented by means of solvents.
- water glass may be dissolved in water and mixed with sand. The material is subsequently dried and broken. Excessively coarse particles are removed by sieving. Since the dissolution process is reversible, the material thus obtained may be used in the process according to the invention by printing it with water as the printing fluid.
- materials may be provided in casing ( 102 ) which demonstrate a reaction with the fluid binder during the dissolution process.
- starters may be provided for a polymerization.
- the evaporation process of the solvent in the particulate material may be accelerated, since less printing solution needs to escape from the particulate material cake by evaporation.
- the molded parts may reach their green strength faster and thus be unpacked from the particulate material earlier.
- the printed parts do not differ much from the surrounding loose particulate material in a solvent process, it may be sensible to dye the molded parts by introducing a pigment into the print medium.
- a color reaction based on the combination of two materials.
- litmus may be used in the solvent.
- the base material is mixed with the salt of an acid prior to coating with the binder.
- the color indicator shows that the casing was completely dissolved.
- the process of evaporating the solvent may also be accelerated by supplying heat ( FIG. 2 ). This may take place by means of convection or heat radiators. The combination of an air draft and heating is particularly effective. It should be noted that if the drying process is too fast, the binder may only be partially dissolved. Optimum values with regard to strength development and unpacking time may be ascertained through tests and variations of the solvent.
- a printing fluid is applied to the coated grain in the printing process.
- the printing fluid dissolves the binder casing.
- the binder casing In the case of Croning sand, approximately 10 wt % of printing fluid is printed for this purpose.
- Isopropyl alcohol for example, is suitable as the solvent.
- the solvent After printing, the solvent begins to penetrate the binder casing ( FIG. 4 ). The concentration of the casing material in the solvent increases. When solvent evaporates, the mixture concentrates in the contact point between the particles ( FIG. 5 ). Additional evaporation causes the casing material in the contact point to solidify. Due to the comparatively low viscosities, a favorable process window results, in contrast to melting processes.
- an unpacking flexural strength of more than 100 N/cm 2 , preferably more than 120 N/cm 2 is reached. This is sufficient to unpack even large-format, delicate parts safely and distortion-free.
- the molded parts are supplied to the final solidification step.
- the molded parts are subsequently supplied to additional follow-up processes.
- This method step of the invention is preferably carried out in the form of a heat treatment step.
- Parts made of Croning sand, which are manufactured according to the process according to the invention, may be used as an example.
- these parts are preferably re-embedded in another particulate material. However, this material does not have a binder casing and preferably has good thermal conductivity.
- the parts are subsequently heat-treated above the melting temperature of the binder in an oven.
- the special phenol resin of the casing is cross-linked, and the strength increases significantly.
- Melting adhesives are generally preferred for this method step of final solidification.
- the following may preferably be used as base polymers: PA (polyamides), PE (polyethylenes), APAO (amorphous poly alpha olefines), EVAC (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers), TPE-E (polyester elastomers), TPE-U (polyurethane elastomers), TPE-A (copolyamide elastomers) and vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers.
- base polymers PA (polyamides), PE (polyethylenes), APAO (amorphous poly alpha olefines), EVAC (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers), TPE-E (polyester elastomers), TPE-U (polyurethane elastomers), TPE-A (copolyamide elastomers) and vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers.
- molded parts having flexural strengths of more than 1,000 N/cm 2 are produced with the aid of commercial sands
- a Croning sand of the Wilsontenes-Albertus RFS 5000 type is used in a layering process.
- the sand is deposited onto a build plane in a 0.2-mm layer.
- the sand is subsequently printed with a solution of isopropyl alcohol according to the cross-sectional surface of the desired object in such a way that approximately 10 wt % is introduced into the printed areas.
- the build plane is then shifted relative to the layering mechanism by the thickness of the layer, and the operation comprising the layer application and printing starts again. This cycle is repeated until the desired component is printed.
- the entire operation is carried out under normal conditions.
- the temperature in the process room should be between 18° C. and 28° C., preferably between 20° C. and 24° C.
- the parts are then prepared for the subsequent heat treatment step. For this purpose, they are introduced, for example, into uncoated sand, which is situated in a temperature-resistant container. To ensure a good contact between the part and the supporting sand, vibrations are applied to the container during placement and filling with sand.
- any deformation may be avoided in the manner during the hardening reaction, i.e., the final solidification step, at high temperatures.
- the component is thus heated in the oven for 10 hours at a temperature of 150° C. After removal from the oven, approximately 30 minutes must again pass until the component has cooled enough to allow it to be handled and removed from the powder bed. Following this process step, the deposits may be removed by sand blasting.
- Treated bending test bodies demonstrate a flexural strength of 800 to 1,000 N/cm 2 following this final solidification step.
- a layering process is carried out in a manner similar to the first example.
- a Croning sand of the Wilsontenes-Albertus CLS-55 type is used in this case.
- the sand is again deposited onto a build plane in a 0.2-mm layer.
- a solution of 15% Corrodur from Hüttenes-Albertus, 42.5% ethanol and 42.5% isopropyl alcohol is used as the printing fluid.
- the flexural strength after unpacking the molded body and completing this first method step which is also referred to as the presolidification step, is 140 N/cm 2 in this case.
- the final flexural strength after the second method step which is also referred to as the final solidification step, is again 800 N/cm 2 .
- the strength upon conclusion of the final solidification step is approximately 800 N/cm 2 .
- a determination of the organic proportion by means of ignition loss determination demonstrates 5 wt %.
- the material in this case corresponds to the RFS-5000 and CLS-55 products from Hüttenes-Albertus. After the oven process, the parts may be cleaned by sand blasting.
Abstract
Description
- The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/435,269 filed on Apr. 13, 2015 which is a 371 of PCT Application serial number PCT/DE2013/000589 filed on Oct. 10, 2013, and claims priority therefrom. This application further claims priority from German Patent Application number DE 10 2012 020 000.5 filed on Oct. 12, 2012. The contents of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/435,269, PCT Application PCT/DE2013/000589 and German Patent Application DE 10 2012 020 000.5 are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference.
- The present invention relates to a multi-stage 3D printing method as well as a device which may be used for this method.
- A wide range of methods are known for producing molds and foundry cores. Automated machine molding methods are an economical approach in the area of large batches. Tool-less mold production using so-called rapid prototyping methods or 3D printing methods are an alternative to machine molding methods for small to medium-sized series.
- Laser sintering methods that permit tool-less manufacturing were developed based on the Croning Method (DE832937), which is known by the name of its inventor, Johannes Croning. According to this method, a molded part is built in layers from particulate material that is coated with a binder. The binding of the individual loose particles is achieved, for example, by applying energy with the aid of a laser beam (EP 0 711 213).
- In practice, the solidification described in the prior art is scarcely reached by means of the polycondensation reaction, since process difficulties occur. An exposure to light that is sufficient for developing the final strength would thus result in a severe shrinkage of the binder casing and this, in turn, would cause a process-incompatible distortion of the present layer. The strengths (green strength) of the molded parts produced in this manner are therefore extremely low during removal of the molded parts—also referred to as unpacking—from the loose sand. This causes problems when unpacking and not infrequently results in damage to the molded parts, rendering them unusable. A method has been described for solving this problem during unpacking by using a soldering lamp and thus additionally solidifying the surface with the aid of a soldering lamp. However, this procedure not only requires a great deal of experience, it is also extremely labor-intensive and time-consuming.
- The lack of green strengths is due to excessively small or excessively weak binder bridges. If one wishes to engage in distortion-free production, the binder remains excessively viscous and does not form an adequate bridge.
- However, a layering method is described in DE 197 23 892 C1, in which Croning sand is printed with a moderating agent, which causes the activation energy of the printed binder-encased Croning sand to be increased or decreased with respect to the unprinted material, and the sand is then exposed to light with the aid of a thermal radiation source. This is intended to cause only the printed or the unprinted areas to be hardened or bound. The finished molded parts are then removed from the unbound sand. However, it has been determined that suitable moderating agents, such as sulfuric acids, are only poorly suited or not suited at all for being printed with the aid of commercial single drop generators. It has also been determined to be disadvantageous that the unsolidified sand is pre-damaged by the exposure to light to such an extent that it may no longer by fully reused in the method. This not only increases the amount of material used but also the costs and is therefore disadvantageous.
- A layering method for producing models is described in US 2005/0003189 A1, in which a thermoplastic particulate material is mixed with a powdered binder and printed in layers with an aqueous solvent. The binder should be easily soluble in the aqueous print medium. The models are subsequently removed from the surrounding powder and possibly dried in an oven during a follow-up process for the purpose of increasing the strength.
- A layering method for producing investment-cast original models is described in
DE 102 27 224 B4, in which a PMMA particulate material, which is coated with a PVP binder, is printed in layers with a mixture of a solvent and an activator for the purpose of dissolving the binder and activating the binder action. - Either the known methods are tool-dependent processes or the known 3D printing processes achieve green strengths that are too low for the efficient and economically advantageous manufacture of molded parts.
- Therefore, there was the need to provide a method for the tool-less construction of molded parts in layers, preferably for foundry applications, with the aid of binder-encased particulate material, in which removal strengths or unpacking strengths are achieved which make it possible to reduce or entirely avoid time-consuming and cost-intensive manual work and preferably facilitate machine- or robot-assisted unpacking, or in any case to reduce or entirely avoid the disadvantages of the prior art.
- The object of the application is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a device or device arrangement according to claim 10.
- Preferred embodiments are implemented in the subclaims.
- In particular, the object is achieved by a method for producing one or multiple molded bodies, the method including the following steps:
- a. constructing one or multiple molded bodies in layers by repeatedly applying particulate material by the 3D printing method;
b. a presolidification step for achieving a presolidification of the molded body;
c. an unpacking step, wherein the unsolidified particulate material is separated from the presolidified molded body;
d. a final solidification step, in which the molded body receives its final strength due to the action of thermal energy. - The molded body is preferably subjected to one or multiple additional processing steps. All other methods or work steps known to those skilled in the art may be used. The one or multiple additional processing steps are selected, for example, from the group comprising polishing or dyeing.
- In the method according to the invention, the molded body (also referred to as the component) is solidified in the presolidification step to the extent that an unpacking from the unsolidified particulate material is possible, and the molded body essentially retains its shape defined in the 3D printing method. In particular, shrinkage or the like is essentially avoided. The unpacking operation may take place manually or mechanically or in a robot-assisted manner.
- Flexural strengths of more than 120 N/cm2, preferably more than 200 N/cm2, particularly preferably 120 to 400 N/cm2 may be achieved in the presolidified molded body (green body) after the presolidification step.
- After unpacking, the molded body may again be surrounded by particulate material, which is preferably inert, to thereby be able to support the molded body in the subsequent heat treatment step and better conduct the heat as well as to achieve a uniform heat conduction. Shaking devices may be used to evenly distribute the particulate material.
- Flexural strengths of more than 250 N/cm2, preferably from 250 to 750 N/cm2, preferably more than 750 N/cm2, particularly preferably more than 1,000 N/cm2, even more preferably more than 1,200 N/cm2 may be achieved in the molded body after the final solidification step.
- In one preferred embodiment, the method is carried out in such a way that the presolidification step takes place without the application of additional thermal energy.
- The presolidification step will preferably take place using a solvent and/or a polymerization reaction.
- The final solidification step may preferably take place with the aid of heat treatment. However, other final solidification methods and treatments known to those skilled in the art are also possible.
- The component may be supported by inert material during the heat treatment.
- Temperatures of preferably 110° C. to 130° C., preferably 130° C. to 150° C., particularly preferably 150° C. to 200° C. are used in the final solidification step.
- The temperature at the component is preferably in the time range of 2 to 24 hours; particularly preferably the temperature is maintained over 2 to 5 hours.
- Natural silica sand, kerphalite, cera beads, zircon sand, chromite sand, olivine sand, chamotte, corundum or glass spheres are used as the particulate material.
- The particulate material is characterized by a single-phase coating or casing having one or multiple materials. The coating or the casing may preferably be a binder.
- In the method according to the invention, the casing or coating preferably comprises or includes thermoplastic polymers, soluble polymers, waxes, synthetic and natural resins, sugars, salts, inorganic network formers or water glasses.
- The solvent preferably comprises or includes water, hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, acetates, succinates, monomers, formaldehyde, phenol and mixtures thereof.
- In the method, the binder may contain polymerizable monomers. In one preferred embodiment of the method, the coating or casing contains materials for starting a polymerization with the binder.
- The material contained in the casing or coating preferably contributes to the final strength or to the preliminary strength in the presolidification step and to the final strength in the final solidification step.
- In the method according to the invention, according to one preferred embodiment, two different materials are contained in the casing or coating, the one material being essentially destined for the presolidification step and the other material essentially being destined for the final solidification step.
- The method is thus simplified, may be carried out faster and is thus more economical.
- The coating or casing may preferably contain a color indicator which is activated by the binder.
- In another aspect, the invention relates to a device or a device arrangement suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- The first step of the method according to the invention may, in principle, be carried out as described in the prior art for 3D printing methods. In this regard, EP 0 431 924 B1 and DE102006038858 A1 are cited by way of example. The subsequent unpacking step may be carried out manually but preferably in a mechanically assisted manner. Robot-assisted unpacking is another preferred variant of a mechanical method step according to the invention. In this case, both the unpacking, i.e., the removal of the unsolidified particulate material, and the transfer of the molded part may take place with the aid of computer-controlled gripper arms and extraction units.
- The invention is preferably carried out with the aid of a particulate material bed-based 3D printing method. The desired molded body is created during 3D printing by repeated layering. For this purpose, particulate material is applied (leveled) in a thin layer onto a surface. An image according to the section of the desired 3D object is printed using an ink-jet print head. The printed areas solidify and bond to underlying, already printed surfaces. The resulting layer is shifted by the thickness of one layer according to the design of the equipment.
- 3D printers may be used which lower the layer in the direction of gravity. Machines are preferably used which are designed according to the cycling principle, and the layers in this case are moved in the conveyance direction. Particulate material is now again applied to the building surface. The build process, which involves the steps of coating, printing and lowering, continues to be repeated until the one or more molded body(ies) is/are finished.
- The method step of 3D printing and the presolidification step are preferably implemented by selectively printing a solvent onto the binder-encased particulate material. The solvent liquefies the casing. The viscosity is significantly lower than in thermal melting. While the viscosities of polymer melts may be in the range of approximately 10 to 1,000 Pas, a polymer solution may reach a viscosity of a few mPas, depending on the quantity added and the solvent. A viscosity of 2 to 100 mPas is preferred, 2 to 10 mPas is more preferred, 2 to 5 mPas is even more preferred.
- When drying the solvent, the fluid mixture withdraws into the contact point between two particles and then leaves behind a strong bridge. The effect may be strengthened by adding polymers to the printing fluid. In this case, suitable method conditions are selected or corresponding components that are necessary for a polymerization reaction are worked into either the solvent or into the coating of the particulate material. All resins or synthetic resins known to those skilled in the art and which are suitable for polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation reactions may be used. Materials of this type are preferably defined by DIN 55958 and are added to the disclosure of this description with reference thereto.
- According to the invention a binder-encased foundry molding material may be used as the particulate material. The casing is solid at room temperature. The particulate material is thus pourable and free-flowing. The material encasing the particles is preferably soluble in the printing fluid that is applied by the ink-jet print head. In a similarly preferred design, the printing fluid contains the casing material or its precursors in the form of a dispersion or solution.
- The material present in the printing fluid may likewise preferably belong to a different material group. In one embodiment of the invention, the solvent dissipates into surrounding particulate material or into the atmosphere by means of evaporation. Likewise, the solvent may also react and solidify with the casing material.
- The material groups for the particulate material and the casing are varied. The base materials may be, for example, natural silica sand, kerphalite, cera beads, zircon sand, chromite sand, olivine sand, chamotte or corundum. However, other particulate base materials are also generally suitable. The casing may be organic or inorganic. It is applied either thermally, in solution or by mechanical striking or rolling.
- In addition to phenol resin, examples of suitable binders are furan, urea or amino resins, novolaks or resols, urea formaldehyde resins, furfuryl alcohol urea formaldehyde resins, phenol-modified furan resins, phenol formaldehyde resins or furfuryl alcohol phenol formaldehyde resin, which may each be present in liquid, solid, granulated or powdered form. The use of epoxy resins is also possible.
- For example, encased silica sand having an average grain size of approximately 140 μm, such as the RFS-5000 product from Hüttenes-Albertus Chemische Werke, is particularly preferred. It is supplied with a resol resin casing. In one simple design, an ethanol/isopropyl alcohol mixture may be used as the printing fluid. Predissolved resin may also be added to the printing fluid. One example of this is the Corrodur product from Hüttenes-Albertus. According to the invention, a strength of more than 120 N/cm2 results after a time period of 24 hours following the printing process and the addition of 10 wt % liquid binder. Even delicate structures may be quickly unpacked thereby.
- A highly concentrated material in the form of predissolved resin of the Corrodur type may furthermore preferably be used as liquid binder for the system. Dioxolane may be used as the solvent additive. Due to the high proportion of resin, molding base materials having a low casing content may be selected. Likewise, untreated sand may be used—with a loss in strength. The design according to the invention in this case may be seen in the complete dissolution of the coating material.
- In one particularly preferred embodiment, the materials used in the first method step of 3D printing already include all components required for the final solidification step, preferably binders in the particulate material, which are first bound in the presolidification step using another binding mechanism (physical instead of chemical or vice versa) or other materials (binder in the printing solution) and react/solidify in the subsequent final solidification step in such a way that the advantageous final strength is achieved. It is thus advantageously possible to simplify the different solidification steps in that the particulate material already contains, in the first method step, all materials required for final solidification, and it is possible to achieve the advantageous final strength without introducing additional material in the heat treatment step.
- Using the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention, by combining materials and method conditions, the inventors were able to advantageously achieve the fact that an efficient method was provided, which makes it possible to combine work steps, reduce the use of manual steps and thus positively improve the process speed. Using the method according to the invention, it is also possible to achieve flexural strengths in the green body which are sufficient to supply it to a thermal solidification step without damage or other impairments and without the use of tools in the 3D printing method.
- Using the method according to the invention and the devices suitable therefor, it is surprisingly possible to include all the materials required for the presolidification step as well as the final heat solidification step in the particulate material. It was astonishing that the combined materials, i.e., the active materials for the presolidification step as well as the final solidification step, did not interact in a way that resulted in interactions between these materials that were detrimental to the method.
- By purposefully selecting the materials, the inventors were indeed able to achieve an advantageous effect in preferred embodiments for both the presolidification step and the final solidification step. It has proven to be particularly advantageous that all components required for the method—with the exception of the binder—could be combined into one particulate material, and only one single particulate material may thus be used without the need for additional mixing steps or application steps.
- The particularly preferred material combinations according to preferred embodiments are illustrated in the examples. Subcombinations of materials from different examples may also be used together.
-
FIG. 1 shows particulate material (100), a sand grain (101) being encased with binder (102). -
FIG. 2 shows the process of evaporating particulate material (200), to which solvent was added, whereby the particles (200, comprising 201 and 202) are bound and the material is presolidified. The evaporation of the solvent may also be accelerated by the application of heat (203). -
FIG. 3 shows the structure of a presolidified molded body (300). -
FIG. 4 shows the operation after printing; in this case the solvent begins to penetrate binder coating (402) of particle core (401). -
FIGS. 5a through 5d show the evaporation process of the solvent, the mixture concentrating in the contact point (503) between the particles (500) (FIG. 5d ). - As described above, the molded body is formed by binding individual particles (
FIG. 3 ). - The particulate material-based process is based on a particulate material (100) which is encased by a binder (102) (
FIG. 1 ). Casing (102) characteristically has different properties than base material (101). The sand known from the Croning process may be mentioned as an example. In this case, a grain of sand (101) is coated with a novolak resin (102). This resin is melted on and mixed with the sand during the manufacturing process. The sand continues to be mixed until the resin has cooled. The individual grains are separated thereby and a pourable material (100) results. - Base materials having an average grain diameter between 10 and 2,000 μm may be considered as suitable sands for processing in the method according to the invention. Different base materials, such as natural silica sand, kerphalite, cera beads, zircon sand, chromite sand, olivine sand, chamotte, corundum and glass spheres are suitable for subsequent use in casting processes.
- Binders may be applied in a wide range of materials. Important representatives are phenol resins (resol resins and novolaks), acrylic resins and polyurethanes. All thermoplastics may furthermore be thermally applied to the grains. Examples of materials that may be used according to the invention are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyoxymethylene, polyamides, acrylonitrile, acrylonitrile styrene butadiene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate.
- Additionally or entirely without the supply of heat, solvents may be used to coat grains coated according to the invention with a bindable material. Other casings may also be implemented by means of solvents. For example, water glass may be dissolved in water and mixed with sand. The material is subsequently dried and broken. Excessively coarse particles are removed by sieving. Since the dissolution process is reversible, the material thus obtained may be used in the process according to the invention by printing it with water as the printing fluid.
- In one preferred embodiment of the invention materials may be provided in casing (102) which demonstrate a reaction with the fluid binder during the dissolution process. For example, starters may be provided for a polymerization. In this manner, the evaporation process of the solvent in the particulate material may be accelerated, since less printing solution needs to escape from the particulate material cake by evaporation. As a result, the molded parts may reach their green strength faster and thus be unpacked from the particulate material earlier.
- Since the printed parts do not differ much from the surrounding loose particulate material in a solvent process, it may be sensible to dye the molded parts by introducing a pigment into the print medium. In this case, it is possible to use a color reaction based on the combination of two materials. For example, litmus may be used in the solvent. The base material is mixed with the salt of an acid prior to coating with the binder. As a result, not only is a dyeing possible but also a control of the intensity of the dissolution reaction. If the reactive substance, for example, is in direct contact with the grain of the base material, and if it is protected by the casing, the color indicator shows that the casing was completely dissolved.
- The process of evaporating the solvent may also be accelerated by supplying heat (
FIG. 2 ). This may take place by means of convection or heat radiators. The combination of an air draft and heating is particularly effective. It should be noted that if the drying process is too fast, the binder may only be partially dissolved. Optimum values with regard to strength development and unpacking time may be ascertained through tests and variations of the solvent. - A printing fluid is applied to the coated grain in the printing process. In its main function, the printing fluid dissolves the binder casing. In the case of Croning sand, approximately 10 wt % of printing fluid is printed for this purpose. Isopropyl alcohol, for example, is suitable as the solvent. After printing, the solvent begins to penetrate the binder casing (
FIG. 4 ). The concentration of the casing material in the solvent increases. When solvent evaporates, the mixture concentrates in the contact point between the particles (FIG. 5 ). Additional evaporation causes the casing material in the contact point to solidify. Due to the comparatively low viscosities, a favorable process window results, in contrast to melting processes. With the aid of commercial Croning sand of the Hüttenes—Albertus RFS 5000 type, for example, an unpacking flexural strength of more than 100 N/cm2, preferably more than 120 N/cm2, is reached. This is sufficient to unpack even large-format, delicate parts safely and distortion-free. - After the removal method step—also referred to as unpacking—the molded parts are supplied to the final solidification step. The molded parts are subsequently supplied to additional follow-up processes. This method step of the invention is preferably carried out in the form of a heat treatment step. Parts made of Croning sand, which are manufactured according to the process according to the invention, may be used as an example. After unpacking, these parts are preferably re-embedded in another particulate material. However, this material does not have a binder casing and preferably has good thermal conductivity. The parts are subsequently heat-treated above the melting temperature of the binder in an oven. In one of the preferred embodiments, the special phenol resin of the casing is cross-linked, and the strength increases significantly. Melting adhesives are generally preferred for this method step of final solidification. The following may preferably be used as base polymers: PA (polyamides), PE (polyethylenes), APAO (amorphous poly alpha olefines), EVAC (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers), TPE-E (polyester elastomers), TPE-U (polyurethane elastomers), TPE-A (copolyamide elastomers) and vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers. Other common additives known to those skilled in the art, such as nucleating agents, may be added.
- Using the method according to the invention, molded parts having flexural strengths of more than 1,000 N/cm2 are produced with the aid of commercial sands
- A Croning sand of the Hüttenes-Albertus RFS 5000 type is used in a layering process. For this purpose, the sand is deposited onto a build plane in a 0.2-mm layer. With the aid of a drop-on-demand print head, the sand is subsequently printed with a solution of isopropyl alcohol according to the cross-sectional surface of the desired object in such a way that approximately 10 wt % is introduced into the printed areas. The build plane is then shifted relative to the layering mechanism by the thickness of the layer, and the operation comprising the layer application and printing starts again. This cycle is repeated until the desired component is printed. The entire operation is carried out under normal conditions. The temperature in the process room should be between 18° C. and 28° C., preferably between 20° C. and 24° C.
- Approximately 24 hours must pass before the final layers of sand have developed an adequate strength. The component may then be unpacked, i.e., removed from the surrounding sand and freed of all powder deposits. When printed test bodies are dried in the circulating air oven for 30 minutes at a temperature of 40° C., they demonstrate a flexural strength of 120 N/cm2.
- The parts are then prepared for the subsequent heat treatment step. For this purpose, they are introduced, for example, into uncoated sand, which is situated in a temperature-resistant container. To ensure a good contact between the part and the supporting sand, vibrations are applied to the container during placement and filling with sand.
- Any deformation may be avoided in the manner during the hardening reaction, i.e., the final solidification step, at high temperatures. The component is thus heated in the oven for 10 hours at a temperature of 150° C. After removal from the oven, approximately 30 minutes must again pass until the component has cooled enough to allow it to be handled and removed from the powder bed. Following this process step, the deposits may be removed by sand blasting. Treated bending test bodies demonstrate a flexural strength of 800 to 1,000 N/cm2 following this final solidification step.
- A layering process is carried out in a manner similar to the first example. A Croning sand of the Hüttenes-Albertus CLS-55 type is used in this case. For this purpose, the sand is again deposited onto a build plane in a 0.2-mm layer. A solution of 15% Corrodur from Hüttenes-Albertus, 42.5% ethanol and 42.5% isopropyl alcohol is used as the printing fluid.
- Approximately 10 wt % of fluid is printed onto the sand.
- The flexural strength after unpacking the molded body and completing this first method step, which is also referred to as the presolidification step, is 140 N/cm2 in this case. The final flexural strength after the second method step, which is also referred to as the final solidification step, is again 800 N/cm2.
- The process for this preferred manufacturing method is carried out in a manner similar to the previous examples. In this case, strengths of 800 N/cm2 are achieved using untreated sand as the base. A mixture of 50% Corrodur and 50% dioxolane is used as the binder fluid. 10 wt % are printed. The process takes place at room temperature. The component does not have to be unpacked from the particulate material after printing, since the unencased material cannot be bound by means of thermal energy. Either the entire box or, for example, one printed box may be introduced into the oven to carry out the final solidification step. A sand volume of 8×8×20 cm, which contains a bending test body, is heat-treated in the oven for 24 hours at a temperature of 150°. The strength upon conclusion of the final solidification step is approximately 800 N/cm2. A determination of the organic proportion by means of ignition loss determination demonstrates 5 wt %. The material in this case corresponds to the RFS-5000 and CLS-55 products from Hüttenes-Albertus. After the oven process, the parts may be cleaned by sand blasting.
Claims (24)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012020000.5 | 2012-10-12 | ||
DE102012020000.5A DE102012020000A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2012-10-12 | 3D multi-stage process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20180319078A1 true US20180319078A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
Family
ID=49515139
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/435,269 Active 2034-03-12 US10052682B2 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2013-10-10 | 3D multi-stage method |
US16/033,474 Pending US20180319078A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2018-07-12 | Materials for 3d multi-stage method |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/435,269 Active 2034-03-12 US10052682B2 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2013-10-10 | 3D multi-stage method |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10052682B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2906409B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102014836B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104718062B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102012020000A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014056482A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020117984A1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-11 | Jabil Inc. | Apparatus, system and method of coating organic and inorganic print materials |
WO2020118242A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | Jabil Inc. | Apparatus, system and method of using sacrificial microspheres to form additively manufactured foam |
US10786945B2 (en) | 2013-10-30 | 2020-09-29 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing three-dimensional models using a binding agent system |
US10843404B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2020-11-24 | Voxeljet Ag | Phenolic resin method |
Families Citing this family (69)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE50014868D1 (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2008-01-31 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPONENT IN DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGY |
DE102006038858A1 (en) | 2006-08-20 | 2008-02-21 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Self-hardening material and method for layering models |
US10226919B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2019-03-12 | Voxeljet Ag | Articles and structures prepared by three-dimensional printing method |
DE102007050679A1 (en) | 2007-10-21 | 2009-04-23 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method and device for conveying particulate material in the layered construction of models |
DE102007050953A1 (en) | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-30 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device for the layered construction of models |
DE102010006939A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-04 | Voxeljet Technology GmbH, 86167 | Device for producing three-dimensional models |
DE102010014969A1 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-20 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device for producing three-dimensional models |
DE102010015451A1 (en) | 2010-04-17 | 2011-10-20 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method and device for producing three-dimensional objects |
DE102010056346A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-05 | Technische Universität München | Method for the layered construction of models |
DE102011007957A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2012-07-05 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device and method for constructing a layer body with at least one body limiting the construction field and adjustable in terms of its position |
DE102011105688A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-27 | Hüttenes-Albertus Chemische Werke GmbH | Method for the layered construction of models |
DE102011111498A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2013-02-28 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device for the layered construction of models |
DE102012004213A1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-12 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method and device for producing three-dimensional models |
DE102012010272A1 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2013-11-28 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method for producing three-dimensional models with special construction platforms and drive systems |
DE102012012363A1 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-24 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Apparatus for building up a layer body with a storage or filling container movable along the discharge container |
DE102012020000A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-17 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D multi-stage process |
DE102013004940A1 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-17 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing three-dimensional models with tempered printhead |
DE102012022859A1 (en) | 2012-11-25 | 2014-05-28 | Voxeljet Ag | Construction of a 3D printing device for the production of components |
DE102013003303A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2014-08-28 | FluidSolids AG | Process for producing a molded part with a water-soluble casting mold and material system for its production |
DE102013018031A1 (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | Voxeljet Ag | Swap body with movable side wall |
DE102013020491A1 (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-11 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D infiltration process |
DE102013021091A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-18 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D printing process with rapid drying step |
EP2886307A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | Voxeljet AG | Device, special paper and method for the production of moulded components |
DE102013021891A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2015-06-25 | Voxeljet Ag | Apparatus and method with accelerated process control for 3D printing processes |
DE102014004692A1 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-15 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and apparatus for 3D printing with conditioned process control |
DE102014106178A1 (en) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Process for the layered construction of bodies comprising refractory base molding material and resoles and molds or cores produced by this process |
DE102014007584A1 (en) | 2014-05-26 | 2015-11-26 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D reverse printing method and apparatus |
WO2016019937A1 (en) | 2014-08-02 | 2016-02-11 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and casting mould, in particular for use in cold casting methods |
CN104324493A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-02-04 | 王鹏威 | Golf club production method |
WO2016086216A1 (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-06-02 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Thixotropic, thermosetting resins for use in a material extrusion process in additive manufacturing |
DE102015006533A1 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2016-06-23 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing 3D molded parts with layer construction technique |
JP6027264B1 (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-11-16 | 技術研究組合次世代3D積層造形技術総合開発機構 | Granular material, three-dimensional additive manufacturing mold manufacturing apparatus, and three-dimensional additive manufacturing mold manufacturing method |
DE102015003372A1 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing 3D molded parts with double recoater |
JP6519274B2 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2019-05-29 | 株式会社リコー | Powder material for three-dimensional modeling, three-dimensional modeling material set, three-dimensional model manufacturing apparatus, and method for manufacturing three-dimensional model |
CN104816373A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-05 | 由伟 | Three-dimensional printing manufacturing method of artificial jade |
DE102015011503A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-09 | Voxeljet Ag | Method for applying fluids |
DE102015011790A1 (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-16 | Voxeljet Ag | Device and method for producing three-dimensional molded parts |
BR112018006541B1 (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2022-02-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) PRINTING METHOD AND SYSTEM |
DE102015015353A1 (en) | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-01 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing three-dimensional components by means of an excess quantity sensor |
US10710301B2 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2020-07-14 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Material sets |
CN105881695A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-24 | 东莞劲胜精密组件股份有限公司 | 3D printing method of zirconium dioxide powder material, 3D printing device with binder injection device and binder injection device used for 3D printing method of zirconium dioxide powder material |
CN106042378B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2018-04-06 | 陕西科技大学 | 3D printer product structure colour generation particle diameter yardstick control device |
CN106475521B (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-11-30 | 苏州聚复高分子材料有限公司 | A kind of metal casting part preparation method based on 3D printing technique |
DE102016115947A1 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2018-03-01 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Process for the layered construction of moldings with a phenolic resin-polyurethane-based binder system |
DE102016121773A1 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-17 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Unpacking device for unpacking an additively produced three-dimensional object from the surrounding building material |
DE102016013610A1 (en) | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-17 | Voxeljet Ag | Intra-head printhead maintenance station for powder bed-based 3D printing |
JP7358340B2 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2023-10-10 | インフィニット・マテリアル・ソリューションズ,エルエルシー | Water-soluble polymer composition |
US10864676B2 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2020-12-15 | Nike, Inc. | Methods of manufacturing articles utilizing foam particles |
CN107127306B (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2024-01-19 | 第一拖拉机股份有限公司 | Device for 3D printing precision casting mold shell and use method |
CN107214944A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-29 | 苏州奥特科然医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of Method of printing |
DE102017006860A1 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing 3D molded parts with spectrum converter |
CN107521118B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-04-21 | 东莞远铸智能科技有限公司 | Preparation method of 3D printing workpiece |
CN108527868B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2020-04-21 | 东莞远铸智能科技有限公司 | Heat treatment method of 3D printing workpiece |
US20210031435A1 (en) | 2018-02-16 | 2021-02-04 | Covestro Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for applying a material containing a meltable polymer, more particularly a hot-melt adhesive, above the decomposition temperature thereof |
DE102018111014B4 (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2023-03-30 | Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena | Process for the three-dimensional additive construction of a shaped body made of water glass |
TW202012148A (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2020-04-01 | 德商科思創德意志股份有限公司 | Method of applying a material comprising a fusible polymer and having blocked nco groups |
TWI818046B (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2023-10-11 | 德商科思創德意志股份有限公司 | Method of applying a material comprising a fusible polymer and having free nco groups |
CN108892515B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2021-05-28 | 广东工业大学 | Photocuring silicon nitride ceramic slurry, silicon nitride ceramic and preparation method thereof |
DE102018006473A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 | 2020-02-20 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for the production of 3D molded parts by means of layer construction technology by means of a closure device |
CN109307613B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2021-07-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for preparing artificial rock core |
CA3107856A1 (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-22 | Covestro Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing an additively manufactured and treated object |
EP3984401B1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2023-06-07 | Nike Innovate C.V. | Methods of manufacturing articles utilizing foam particles |
DE102019000796A1 (en) | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-06 | Voxeljet Ag | Exchangeable process unit |
DE102019007595A1 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-06 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D PRINTING PROCESS AND MOLDED PART MANUFACTURED WITH LIGNINE SULPHATE |
WO2021101967A1 (en) | 2019-11-19 | 2021-05-27 | Nike, Inc. | Methods of manufacturing articles having foam particles |
DE102020110289A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | Peak Deutschland Gmbh | Process using an inorganic binder for the production of cured three-dimensionally layered moldings for foundry cores and molds |
US11504879B2 (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2022-11-22 | Beehive Industries, LLC | Powder spreading apparatus and system |
US20210370388A1 (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-12-02 | LightSpeed Concepts Inc. | Tool-less method for making molds, cores, and temporary tools |
DE102021006060A1 (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2023-06-15 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Process and binder system for the production of components based on ceramics, metals and metal-ceramic composites using the binder jetting 3D process |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3812077A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1974-05-21 | Gen Electric | Fiber reinforced composite materials |
US5997795A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-12-07 | Rutgers, The State University | Processes for forming photonic bandgap structures |
WO2001034371A2 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-17 | Z Corporation | Material systems and methods of three-dimensional printing |
US20040056378A1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-03-25 | Bredt James F. | Three dimensional printing material system and method |
US20050017394A1 (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2005-01-27 | Voxeljet Gmbh | Methods and systems for the manufacture of layered three-dimensional forms |
US6869986B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2005-03-22 | Imaje S.A. | Ink composition for ink jet printing |
US20070218222A1 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Inkjet recording media |
US20090322990A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2009-12-31 | Shin Kawana | Color image display device |
US20100224508A1 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2010-09-09 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Ink composition for sensing carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide indicator using the same, package provided with the carbon dioxide indicator, and method for sensing pinhole using the same |
Family Cites Families (322)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE832937C (en) | 1944-02-02 | 1952-03-13 | Johannes Croning | Process for the production of foundry hollow cores and foundry form skins |
DE2261344C3 (en) | 1972-12-15 | 1979-05-31 | Karl Becker Kg Maschinenfabrik, 3525 Oberweser | Device for placing granular seeds in the ground in connection with precision seeders |
US4247508B1 (en) | 1979-12-03 | 1996-10-01 | Dtm Corp | Molding process |
US4591402A (en) | 1981-06-22 | 1986-05-27 | Ltv Aerospace And Defense Company | Apparatus and method for manufacturing composite structures |
FR2511149A1 (en) | 1981-08-04 | 1983-02-11 | Roussel Uclaf | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING PREDETERMINED QUANTITIES OF AT LEAST ONE PRODUCT |
US4711669A (en) | 1985-11-05 | 1987-12-08 | American Cyanamid Company | Method of manufacturing a bonded particulate article by reacting a hydrolyzed amylaceous product and a heterocyclic compound |
DE3221357A1 (en) | 1982-06-05 | 1983-12-08 | Plasticonsult GmbH Beratungsgesellschaft für Kunststoff- und Oberflächentechnik, 6360 Friedberg | Process for the production of moulds and cores for casting purposes |
JPS60180643A (en) | 1984-02-29 | 1985-09-14 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Collapsion assistant used for binder for molding sand |
US4665492A (en) | 1984-07-02 | 1987-05-12 | Masters William E | Computer automated manufacturing process and system |
US4575330A (en) | 1984-08-08 | 1986-03-11 | Uvp, Inc. | Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography |
JPS62275734A (en) | 1986-05-26 | 1987-11-30 | Tokieda Naomitsu | Method for forming solid |
US5263130A (en) | 1986-06-03 | 1993-11-16 | Cubital Ltd. | Three dimensional modelling apparatus |
US4752352A (en) | 1986-06-06 | 1988-06-21 | Michael Feygin | Apparatus and method for forming an integral object from laminations |
US5147587A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1992-09-15 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method of producing parts and molds using composite ceramic powders |
US4944817A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1990-07-31 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multiple material systems for selective beam sintering |
US5296062A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1994-03-22 | The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multiple material systems for selective beam sintering |
US5017753A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1991-05-21 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
US5076869A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1991-12-31 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Multiple material systems for selective beam sintering |
US4863538A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1989-09-05 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
US5155324A (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1992-10-13 | Deckard Carl R | Method for selective laser sintering with layerwise cross-scanning |
EP0542729B1 (en) | 1986-10-17 | 1996-05-22 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for producing parts by selective sintering |
US4752498A (en) | 1987-03-02 | 1988-06-21 | Fudim Efrem V | Method and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by photosolidification |
US5047182A (en) | 1987-11-25 | 1991-09-10 | Ceramics Process Systems Corporation | Complex ceramic and metallic shaped by low pressure forming and sublimative drying |
IL109511A (en) | 1987-12-23 | 1996-10-16 | Cubital Ltd | Three-dimensional modelling apparatus |
US5772947A (en) | 1988-04-18 | 1998-06-30 | 3D Systems Inc | Stereolithographic curl reduction |
CA1337955C (en) | 1988-09-26 | 1996-01-23 | Thomas A. Almquist | Recoating of stereolithographic layers |
AU4504089A (en) | 1988-10-05 | 1990-05-01 | Michael Feygin | An improved apparatus and method for forming an integral object from laminations |
US5637175A (en) | 1988-10-05 | 1997-06-10 | Helisys Corporation | Apparatus for forming an integral object from laminations |
JP2738017B2 (en) | 1989-05-23 | 1998-04-08 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 3D molding equipment |
GB2233928B (en) | 1989-05-23 | 1992-12-23 | Brother Ind Ltd | Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional article |
US5248456A (en) | 1989-06-12 | 1993-09-28 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for cleaning stereolithographically produced objects |
US5216616A (en) | 1989-06-26 | 1993-06-01 | Masters William E | System and method for computer automated manufacture with reduced object shape distortion |
US5134569A (en) | 1989-06-26 | 1992-07-28 | Masters William E | System and method for computer automated manufacturing using fluent material |
JPH0336019A (en) | 1989-07-03 | 1991-02-15 | Brother Ind Ltd | Three-dimensional molding method and device thereof |
US5182170A (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1993-01-26 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method of producing parts by selective beam interaction of powder with gas phase reactant |
US5284695A (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1994-02-08 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method of producing high-temperature parts by way of low-temperature sintering |
US5156697A (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1992-10-20 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Selective laser sintering of parts by compound formation of precursor powders |
US5431967A (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1995-07-11 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Selective laser sintering using nanocomposite materials |
AU643700B2 (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1993-11-25 | University Of Texas System, The | Multiple material systems and assisted powder handling for selective beam sintering |
US5053090A (en) | 1989-09-05 | 1991-10-01 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Selective laser sintering with assisted powder handling |
DE3930750A1 (en) | 1989-09-14 | 1991-03-28 | Krupp Medizintechnik | CASTING BEDS, EMBEDDING MODEL, CASTING MOLD AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING THE FLOWERING OF BEDROOMING MODELS AND CASTING MOLDS FROM A CASTING BEDS |
US5136515A (en) | 1989-11-07 | 1992-08-04 | Richard Helinski | Method and means for constructing three-dimensional articles by particle deposition |
US5204055A (en) | 1989-12-08 | 1993-04-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Three-dimensional printing techniques |
US5387380A (en) | 1989-12-08 | 1995-02-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Three-dimensional printing techniques |
DE3942859A1 (en) | 1989-12-23 | 1991-07-04 | Basf Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPONENTS |
GB9007199D0 (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1990-05-30 | Tioxide Group Plc | Preparation of polymeric particles |
US5127037A (en) | 1990-08-15 | 1992-06-30 | Bynum David K | Apparatus for forming a three-dimensional reproduction of an object from laminations |
US5126529A (en) | 1990-12-03 | 1992-06-30 | Weiss Lee E | Method and apparatus for fabrication of three-dimensional articles by thermal spray deposition |
DE4102260A1 (en) | 1991-01-23 | 1992-07-30 | Artos Med Produkte | Apparatus for making shaped articles - has laser beam directed through transparent base of tank which contains laser-curable liquid and is sealed off by movable cover plate |
US5506607A (en) | 1991-01-25 | 1996-04-09 | Sanders Prototypes Inc. | 3-D model maker |
US5740051A (en) | 1991-01-25 | 1998-04-14 | Sanders Prototypes, Inc. | 3-D model making |
US6175422B1 (en) | 1991-01-31 | 2001-01-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for the computer-controlled manufacture of three-dimensional objects from computer data |
JP3104307B2 (en) | 1991-06-28 | 2000-10-30 | ソニー株式会社 | Plate material for gravure printing |
US5252264A (en) | 1991-11-08 | 1993-10-12 | Dtm Corporation | Apparatus and method for producing parts with multi-directional powder delivery |
US5269982A (en) | 1992-02-12 | 1993-12-14 | Brotz Gregory R | Process for manufacturing a shaped product |
IT1254974B (en) | 1992-06-18 | 1995-10-11 | Bayer Italia Spa | COMPOSITE, SLIDING, HYDROPHOBIC GRANULATES, A PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE |
US5342919A (en) | 1992-11-23 | 1994-08-30 | Dtm Corporation | Sinterable semi-crystalline powder and near-fully dense article formed therewith |
US5352405A (en) | 1992-12-18 | 1994-10-04 | Dtm Corporation | Thermal control of selective laser sintering via control of the laser scan |
DE4300478C2 (en) | 1993-01-11 | 1998-05-20 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Method and device for producing a three-dimensional object |
US6146567A (en) | 1993-02-18 | 2000-11-14 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Three dimensional printing methods |
DE4305201C1 (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1994-04-07 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Three dimensional component mfr with laser-cured resin and filler - involves mixing steel or ceramic powder in resin, laser curing given shape, heating in nitrogen@ atmosphere and nitric acid to remove resin and then sintering filler |
US5433261A (en) | 1993-04-30 | 1995-07-18 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Methods for fabricating shapes by use of organometallic, ceramic precursor binders |
US5427722A (en) | 1993-06-11 | 1995-06-27 | General Motors Corporation | Pressure slip casting process for making hollow-shaped ceramics |
DE4325573C2 (en) | 1993-07-30 | 1998-09-03 | Stephan Herrmann | Process for the production of moldings by successive build-up of powder layers and device for its implementation |
US5398193B1 (en) | 1993-08-20 | 1997-09-16 | Alfredo O Deangelis | Method of three-dimensional rapid prototyping through controlled layerwise deposition/extraction and apparatus therefor |
US5490962A (en) | 1993-10-18 | 1996-02-13 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Preparation of medical devices by solid free-form fabrication methods |
US5518680A (en) | 1993-10-18 | 1996-05-21 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Tissue regeneration matrices by solid free form fabrication techniques |
US5418112A (en) | 1993-11-10 | 1995-05-23 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Photosensitive compositions useful in three-dimensional part-building and having improved photospeed |
DE4400523C2 (en) | 1994-01-11 | 1996-07-11 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Method and device for producing a three-dimensional object |
US5518060A (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1996-05-21 | Brunswick Corporation | Method of producing polymeric patterns for use in evaporable foam casting |
CN1275719C (en) * | 1994-05-27 | 2006-09-20 | Eos有限公司 | Process for use in foundry practice |
DE4440397C2 (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 2001-04-26 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Methods of making molds |
US5503785A (en) | 1994-06-02 | 1996-04-02 | Stratasys, Inc. | Process of support removal for fused deposition modeling |
US6048954A (en) | 1994-07-22 | 2000-04-11 | The University Of Texas System Board Of Regents | Binder compositions for laser sintering processes |
US5639402A (en) | 1994-08-08 | 1997-06-17 | Barlow; Joel W. | Method for fabricating artificial bone implant green parts |
US5616631A (en) | 1994-08-17 | 1997-04-01 | Kao Corporation | Binder composition for mold making, binder/curing agent composition for mold making, sand composition for mold making, and process of making mold |
US5555176A (en) | 1994-10-19 | 1996-09-10 | Bpm Technology, Inc. | Apparatus and method for making three-dimensional articles using bursts of droplets |
US5717599A (en) | 1994-10-19 | 1998-02-10 | Bpm Technology, Inc. | Apparatus and method for dispensing build material to make a three-dimensional article |
US5482659A (en) | 1994-12-22 | 1996-01-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of post processing stereolithographically produced objects |
DE69621001T2 (en) | 1995-02-01 | 2003-04-03 | 3D Systems Inc | FAST SMOOTHING PROCESS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS PRODUCED IN LAYERS |
GB9501987D0 (en) | 1995-02-01 | 1995-03-22 | Butterworth Steven | Dissolved medium rendered resin (DMRR) processing |
US5573721A (en) | 1995-02-16 | 1996-11-12 | Hercules Incorporated | Use of a support liquid to manufacture three-dimensional objects |
DE19511772C2 (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1997-09-04 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Device and method for producing a three-dimensional object |
DE29506204U1 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1995-06-01 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Device for producing a three-dimensional object |
DE19514740C1 (en) | 1995-04-21 | 1996-04-11 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Appts. for producing three-dimensional objects by laser sintering |
DE19515165C2 (en) | 1995-04-25 | 1997-03-06 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Device for producing an object using stereolithography |
DE19525307C2 (en) | 1995-07-12 | 2003-04-03 | Eichenauer Gmbh & Co Kg F | Molding compound for the production of casting cores and method for producing a casting core |
DE19528215A1 (en) | 1995-08-01 | 1997-02-06 | Thomas Dipl Ing Himmer | Three=dimensional model or tool mfr. employing rapid prototyping methods - involves building up layers of different materials according to use and processing each layer by a variety of chemical, physical or mechanical methods |
DE19530295C1 (en) | 1995-08-11 | 1997-01-30 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Device for producing an object in layers by means of laser sintering |
US5837960A (en) | 1995-08-14 | 1998-11-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser production of articles from powders |
DE69636237T2 (en) | 1995-09-27 | 2007-03-29 | 3D Systems, Inc., Valencia | Modeling of three-dimensional objects through selective material deposition |
US6270335B2 (en) | 1995-09-27 | 2001-08-07 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Selective deposition modeling method and apparatus for forming three-dimensional objects and supports |
US5943235A (en) | 1995-09-27 | 1999-08-24 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Rapid prototyping system and method with support region data processing |
US6305769B1 (en) | 1995-09-27 | 2001-10-23 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Selective deposition modeling system and method |
US5749041A (en) | 1995-10-13 | 1998-05-05 | Dtm Corporation | Method of forming three-dimensional articles using thermosetting materials |
DE19545167A1 (en) | 1995-12-04 | 1997-06-05 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Method of manufacturing a prototype component or tool from a stereo-sintered polystyrene pattern |
US5660621A (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1997-08-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Binder composition for use in three dimensional printing |
EP0897745A4 (en) | 1996-02-20 | 2003-05-14 | Mikuni Kogyo Kk | Method for producing granulated material |
JP2000506080A (en) | 1996-03-06 | 2000-05-23 | ギルド・アソシエイツ・インコーポレーテツド | Manufacturing method of three-dimensional structure |
US5747105A (en) | 1996-04-30 | 1998-05-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology Inc. | Traversing nozzle for applying granules to an asphalt coated sheet |
US6596224B1 (en) | 1996-05-24 | 2003-07-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Jetting layers of powder and the formation of fine powder beds thereby |
GB9611582D0 (en) | 1996-06-04 | 1996-08-07 | Thin Film Technology Consultan | 3D printing and forming of structures |
US6316060B1 (en) | 1996-08-20 | 2001-11-13 | Pacifica Papers Inc. | Metering coatings |
US5902441A (en) | 1996-09-04 | 1999-05-11 | Z Corporation | Method of three dimensional printing |
US7332537B2 (en) | 1996-09-04 | 2008-02-19 | Z Corporation | Three dimensional printing material system and method |
US7037382B2 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2006-05-02 | Z Corporation | Three-dimensional printer |
US6989115B2 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2006-01-24 | Z Corporation | Method and apparatus for prototyping a three-dimensional object |
US6007318A (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1999-12-28 | Z Corporation | Method and apparatus for prototyping a three-dimensional object |
DE29701279U1 (en) | 1997-01-27 | 1997-05-22 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Device with a process chamber and an element which can be moved back and forth in the process chamber |
AU735039B2 (en) | 1997-03-31 | 2001-06-28 | Therics, Inc. | Method for dispensing of powders |
US5940674A (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1999-08-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Three-dimensional product manufacture using masks |
DE19715582B4 (en) | 1997-04-15 | 2009-02-12 | Ederer, Ingo, Dr. | Method and system for generating three-dimensional bodies from computer data |
NL1006059C2 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1998-11-17 | Geest Adrianus F Van Der | Method and device for manufacturing a shaped body. |
DE19723892C1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1998-09-03 | Rainer Hoechsmann | Method for producing components by build-up technology |
DE19726778A1 (en) | 1997-06-24 | 1999-01-14 | Cerdec Ag | Process for the production of ceramic and glassy coatings, electrostatically applicable coating powder therefor and its use |
US6216508B1 (en) | 1998-01-29 | 2001-04-17 | Amino Corporation | Apparatus for dieless forming plate materials |
DE19805437A1 (en) | 1998-02-11 | 1999-08-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Dosing device for free-flowing bulk goods |
US6355196B1 (en) | 1998-03-16 | 2002-03-12 | Vantico Inc. | Process for producing direct tooling mold and method for using the same |
US5989476A (en) | 1998-06-12 | 1999-11-23 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Process of making a molded refractory article |
JP3518726B2 (en) | 1998-07-13 | 2004-04-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Additive manufacturing method and resin-coated sand for additive manufacturing |
US6476122B1 (en) | 1998-08-20 | 2002-11-05 | Vantico Inc. | Selective deposition modeling material |
DE19846478C5 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2004-10-14 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Laser-sintering machine |
US20030114936A1 (en) | 1998-10-12 | 2003-06-19 | Therics, Inc. | Complex three-dimensional composite scaffold resistant to delimination |
DE19853834A1 (en) | 1998-11-21 | 2000-05-31 | Ingo Ederer | Production of casting molds comprises depositing particulate material on support, applying binder and hardener to form solidified structure in selected region, and removing solidified structure |
JP2000211918A (en) | 1999-01-20 | 2000-08-02 | Yazaki Corp | Production of lightweight alumina grain |
US6259962B1 (en) | 1999-03-01 | 2001-07-10 | Objet Geometries Ltd. | Apparatus and method for three dimensional model printing |
FR2790418B1 (en) | 1999-03-01 | 2001-05-11 | Optoform Sarl Procedes De Prot | RAPID PROTOTYPING PROCESS ALLOWING THE USE OF PASTY MATERIALS, AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME |
DE19911399C2 (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2001-03-01 | Joachim Heinzl | Method for controlling a piezo print head and piezo print head controlled according to this method |
TW554348B (en) | 1999-05-13 | 2003-09-21 | Shinetsu Chemical Co | Conductive powder and making process |
US6405095B1 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2002-06-11 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Rapid prototyping and tooling system |
US6165406A (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-12-26 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | 3-D color model making apparatus and process |
DE19928245B4 (en) | 1999-06-21 | 2006-02-09 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Device for supplying powder for a laser sintering device |
US6722872B1 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2004-04-20 | Stratasys, Inc. | High temperature modeling apparatus |
US6401001B1 (en) | 1999-07-22 | 2002-06-04 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Layer manufacturing using deposition of fused droplets |
US6972115B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2005-12-06 | American Inter-Metallics, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for the production of powders |
US6658314B1 (en) | 1999-10-06 | 2003-12-02 | Objet Geometries Ltd. | System and method for three dimensional model printing |
DE19948591A1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-19 | Generis Gmbh | Rapid prototyping method and device |
EP1415792B1 (en) | 1999-11-05 | 2014-04-30 | 3D Systems Incorporated | Methods and compositions for three-dimensional printing |
US6395811B1 (en) | 1999-11-11 | 2002-05-28 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Phase change solid imaging material |
US6133353A (en) | 1999-11-11 | 2000-10-17 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Phase change solid imaging material |
GB9927127D0 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2000-01-12 | Univ Warwick | A method of manufacturing an item and apparatus for manufacturing an item |
DE19957370C2 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2002-03-07 | Carl Johannes Fruth | Method and device for coating a substrate |
FR2802128B1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2002-02-08 | Ecole Nale Sup Artes Metiers | DEVICE FOR DEPOSITING THIN LAYERS OF POWDER OR POWDER MATERIAL AND METHOD THEREOF |
TWI228114B (en) | 1999-12-24 | 2005-02-21 | Nat Science Council | Method and equipment for making ceramic work piece |
DE19963948A1 (en) | 1999-12-31 | 2001-07-26 | Zsolt Herbak | Model making process |
US7300619B2 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2007-11-27 | Objet Geometries Ltd. | Compositions and methods for use in three dimensional model printing |
WO2001072502A1 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-04 | Generis Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a structural part by deposition technique |
US20010050031A1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-12-13 | Z Corporation | Compositions for three-dimensional printing of solid objects |
CA2405539A1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | Z Corporation | Compositions for three-dimensional printing of solid objects |
JP2001334583A (en) | 2000-05-25 | 2001-12-04 | Minolta Co Ltd | Three-dimensional molding apparatus |
DE10026955A1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-13 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Material system for use in 3D printing |
SE520565C2 (en) | 2000-06-16 | 2003-07-29 | Ivf Industriforskning Och Utve | Method and apparatus for making objects by FFF |
US6619882B2 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2003-09-16 | Rh Group Llc | Method and apparatus for sealing cracks in roads |
US6500378B1 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2002-12-31 | Eom Technologies, L.L.C. | Method and apparatus for creating three-dimensional objects by cross-sectional lithography |
DE50014868D1 (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2008-01-31 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPONENT IN DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGY |
DE10047615A1 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-25 | Generis Gmbh | Swap bodies |
DE10047614C2 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2003-03-27 | Generis Gmbh | Device for building up models in layers |
DE10049043A1 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2002-05-02 | Generis Gmbh | Process for unpacking molded articles embedded in unbound particulate material |
DE10053741C1 (en) | 2000-10-30 | 2002-02-21 | Concept Laser Gmbh | Machine for sintering, removing material from or marking surface with laser beam uses trolleys which include container for workpieces and have working platform whose height can be adjusted |
US20020111707A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 | 2002-08-15 | Zhimin Li | Droplet deposition method for rapid formation of 3-D objects from non-cross-linking reactive polymers |
US20020090410A1 (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2002-07-11 | Shigeaki Tochimoto | Powder material removing apparatus and three dimensional modeling system |
US6896839B2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2005-05-24 | Minolta Co., Ltd. | Three-dimensional molding apparatus and three-dimensional molding method |
DE20122639U1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2006-11-16 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Three dimensional object is formed using an arrangement composed of a carrier, a coating unit for applying layers of powder material, and a fixing unit |
DE10105504A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-14 | Eos Electro Optical Syst | Powder treatment device for a device for producing a three-dimensional object, device for producing a three-dimensional object and method for producing a three-dimensional object |
GB0103754D0 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2001-04-04 | Vantico Ltd | Three-dimensional structured printing |
GB0103752D0 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2001-04-04 | Vantico Ltd | Three-Dimensional printing |
US6939489B2 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2005-09-06 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Desktop process for producing dental products by means of 3-dimensional plotting |
DE10117875C1 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2003-01-30 | Generis Gmbh | Method, device for applying fluids and use of such a device |
WO2002083194A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-24 | Therics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for engineered regenerative biostructures |
US20020155254A1 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2002-10-24 | Mcquate William M. | Apparatus and method for placing particles in a pattern onto a substrate |
US6616030B2 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2003-09-09 | West Bond, Inc. | Gantry mounted ultrasonic wire bonder with orbital bonding tool head |
GB0112675D0 (en) | 2001-05-24 | 2001-07-18 | Vantico Ltd | Three-dimensional structured printing |
DE10128664A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2003-01-30 | Univ Clausthal Tech | Method and device for producing ceramic moldings |
JP2003052804A (en) | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-25 | Ichiro Ono | Manufacturing method for implant and implant |
US6841116B2 (en) | 2001-10-03 | 2005-01-11 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Selective deposition modeling with curable phase change materials |
JP2003136605A (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2003-05-14 | Toshiba Corp | Method for forming product and its product |
GB2382798A (en) | 2001-12-04 | 2003-06-11 | Qinetiq Ltd | Inkjet printer which deposits at least two fluids on a substrate such that the fluids react chemically to form a product thereon |
SE523394C2 (en) | 2001-12-13 | 2004-04-13 | Fcubic Ab | Apparatus and method for detection and compensation of errors in the layered manufacture of a product |
US7005293B2 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2006-02-28 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Multiple axis printhead adjuster for non-contact fluid deposition devices |
US6713125B1 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2004-03-30 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Infiltration of three-dimensional objects formed by solid freeform fabrication |
DE10216013B4 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2006-12-28 | Generis Gmbh | Method and device for applying fluids |
DE10222167A1 (en) | 2002-05-20 | 2003-12-04 | Generis Gmbh | Device for supplying fluids |
DE10224981B4 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2004-08-19 | Generis Gmbh | Process for building models in layers |
DE50309030D1 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2008-03-06 | Daimler Ag | PARTICLES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT |
EP1513670A1 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2005-03-16 | DaimlerChrysler AG | Laser sintering method with increased process precision, and particles used for the same |
DE10227224B4 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2005-11-24 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Use of a granulate for producing an article with a 3D binder printing process |
US7027887B2 (en) | 2002-07-03 | 2006-04-11 | Theries, Llc | Apparatus, systems and methods for use in three-dimensional printing |
DE10235434A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-12 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Device for producing a three-dimensional object by e.g. selective laser sintering comprises a support and a material-distributing unit which move relative to each other |
US6722822B2 (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2004-04-20 | The Young Industries, Inc. | System for pneumatically conveying bulk particulate materials |
US20040038009A1 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-02-26 | Leyden Richard Noel | Water-based material systems and methods for 3D printing |
JP4069245B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2008-04-02 | 富田製薬株式会社 | Modeling method |
US20040112523A1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2004-06-17 | Crom Elden Wendell | Three dimensional printing from two dimensional printing devices |
US20040084814A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-06 | Boyd Melissa D. | Powder removal system for three-dimensional object fabricator |
US6742456B1 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2004-06-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Rapid prototyping material systems |
US7153454B2 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2006-12-26 | University Of Southern California | Multi-nozzle assembly for extrusion of wall |
US7497977B2 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2009-03-03 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Methods and systems for producing an object through solid freeform fabrication by varying a concentration of ejected material applied to an object layer |
US7722802B2 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2010-05-25 | Daimler Ag | Coated powder particles for producing three-dimensional bodies by means of a layer constituting method |
EP1457590B1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2009-10-21 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Polyvinyl alcohol binder fibers, and paper and nonwoven fabric comprising them |
JP2004321332A (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2004-11-18 | Kohjin Co Ltd | Material having deodorization function and its production method |
CN100553949C (en) | 2003-05-21 | 2009-10-28 | Z公司 | Be used for thermoplastic powder material system from the outward appearance mould of three dimensional printing system |
WO2004106041A2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2004-12-09 | Z Corporation | Apparatus and methods for 3d printing |
US7435072B2 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2008-10-14 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Methods and systems for producing an object through solid freeform fabrication |
DE10327272A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 | 2005-03-03 | Generis Gmbh | Method for the layered construction of models |
US20050012247A1 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2005-01-20 | Laura Kramer | Systems and methods for using multi-part curable materials |
US7120512B2 (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2006-10-10 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method and a system for solid freeform fabricating using non-reactive powder |
US20050074511A1 (en) | 2003-10-03 | 2005-04-07 | Christopher Oriakhi | Solid free-form fabrication of solid three-dimesional objects |
US7220380B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2007-05-22 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | System and method for fabricating a three-dimensional metal object using solid free-form fabrication |
US7455805B2 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2008-11-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Resin-modified inorganic phosphate cement for solid freeform fabrication |
US7348075B2 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2008-03-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | System and method for fabricating three-dimensional objects using solid free-form fabrication |
US7381360B2 (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2008-06-03 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Solid free-form fabrication of three-dimensional objects |
FR2865960B1 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2006-05-05 | Nicolas Marsac | METHOD AND MACHINE FOR MAKING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS BY DEPOSITING SUCCESSIVE LAYERS |
CA2496931A1 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2005-08-11 | Kris Wallgren | Low profile mixing plant for particulate materials |
US7608672B2 (en) | 2004-02-12 | 2009-10-27 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Infiltrant system for rapid prototyping process |
DE102004008168B4 (en) | 2004-02-19 | 2015-12-10 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for applying fluids and use of the device |
DE102004014806B4 (en) | 2004-03-24 | 2006-09-14 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Rapid technology component |
US20050280185A1 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-12-22 | Z Corporation | Methods and apparatus for 3D printing |
US7435763B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2008-10-14 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Solid freeform compositions, methods of application thereof, and systems for use thereof |
DE102004020452A1 (en) | 2004-04-27 | 2005-12-01 | Degussa Ag | Method for producing three-dimensional objects by means of electromagnetic radiation and applying an absorber by inkjet method |
DE102004025374A1 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2006-02-09 | Technische Universität Berlin | Method and device for producing a three-dimensional article |
US7331948B2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2008-02-19 | Medtronic, Inc. | Catheter and catheter fabrication method |
US7387359B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2008-06-17 | Z Corporation | Apparatus and methods for servicing 3D printers |
JP4635618B2 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2011-02-23 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Filling method and liquid ejection device |
ITMI20050459A1 (en) | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-22 | Montangero & Montangero S R L | BODY HANDLING DEVICE FOR A BODY |
US7357629B2 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2008-04-15 | 3D Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for aligning a removable build chamber within a process chamber |
US20060254467A1 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-16 | Isaac Farr | Method for making spray-dried cement particles |
US20060257579A1 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-16 | Isaac Farr | Use of a salt of a poly-acid to delay setting in cement slurry |
DE102005022308B4 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2007-03-22 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Apparatus and method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object with a heated powder coating material build-up material |
US20070045891A1 (en) | 2005-08-23 | 2007-03-01 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Infiltrated Articles Prepared by a Laser Sintering Method and Method of Manufacturing the Same |
JP2007062334A (en) | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-15 | Fujifilm Corp | Cellulose acylate resin film and its forming method |
DE102006040305A1 (en) | 2005-09-20 | 2007-03-29 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Preparation of three-dimensional articles by photopolymerization of multiple layers of monomer or oligomer, useful e.g. for rapid manufacturing in the motor industry |
EP1926585A1 (en) | 2005-09-20 | 2008-06-04 | PTS Software BV | An apparatus for building a three-dimensional article and a method for building a three-dimensional article |
US7296990B2 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2007-11-20 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Systems and methods of solid freeform fabrication with translating powder bins |
DE102005056260B4 (en) | 2005-11-25 | 2008-12-18 | Prometal Rct Gmbh | Method and device for the surface application of flowable material |
US20070126157A1 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-07 | Z Corporation | Apparatus and methods for removing printed articles from a 3-D printer |
JP4247501B2 (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2009-04-02 | 富田製薬株式会社 | Mold manufacturing method |
US7621474B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2009-11-24 | National Gypsum Properties, Llc | Method and apparatus for calcining gypsum |
JP5243413B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-07-24 | スリーディー システムズ インコーポレーテッド | Apparatus and method for processing materials with a three-dimensional printer |
DE102006029298B4 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2008-11-06 | Stiftung Caesar Center Of Advanced European Studies And Research | Material system for 3D printing, process for its production, granules made from the material system and its use |
DE102006030350A1 (en) | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-03 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method for constructing a layer body |
US20080018018A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 | 2008-01-24 | Nielsen Jeffrey A | Solid freeform fabrication methods and systems |
CN101479064B (en) | 2006-07-27 | 2011-08-31 | 阿卡姆股份公司 | Method and device for producing three-dimensional objects |
DE102006038858A1 (en) * | 2006-08-20 | 2008-02-21 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Self-hardening material and method for layering models |
DE202006016477U1 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2006-12-21 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Rapid prototyping apparatus for producing three-dimensional object, comprises carrier whose height is fixed and retaining wall whose height is adjusted by program-controlled adjuster |
DE102006053121B3 (en) | 2006-11-10 | 2007-12-27 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Coating device for applying powdered layers to a device for producing a three-dimensional object comprises longitudinal walls joined together, a unit for fluidizing powdered material and a controlling and/or regulating unit |
DE102006055326A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 | 2008-05-29 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Apparatus and method for conveying excess particulate matter in the construction of models |
KR101407801B1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2014-06-20 | 3디 시스템즈 인코오퍼레이티드 | Three dimensional printing material system and method using peroxide cure |
PL1935652T3 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2010-09-30 | Agfa Nv | Inkjet Printing methods and ink sets |
WO2008086033A1 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-17 | Z Corporation | Three-dimensional printing material system with improved color, article performance, and ease of use |
JP4869155B2 (en) | 2007-05-30 | 2012-02-08 | 株式会社東芝 | Manufacturing method of article |
DE102007033434A1 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method for producing three-dimensional components |
US10226919B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2019-03-12 | Voxeljet Ag | Articles and structures prepared by three-dimensional printing method |
US20100279007A1 (en) | 2007-08-14 | 2010-11-04 | The Penn State Research Foundation | 3-D Printing of near net shape products |
DE102007040755A1 (en) | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-05 | Jens Jacob | Laser sintering device for producing three-dimensional objects by compacting layers of powdered material, comprises lasers, assembly space with object carrier mechanism, and ten coating devices for applying the layers on the carrier |
ITPI20070108A1 (en) | 2007-09-17 | 2009-03-18 | Enrico Dini | PERFECTED METHOD FOR THE AUTOMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF CONGLOMERATE STRUCTURES |
DE102007047326B4 (en) | 2007-10-02 | 2011-08-25 | CL Schutzrechtsverwaltungs GmbH, 96215 | Device for producing a three-dimensional object |
DE102007049058A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-16 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Material system and method for modifying properties of a plastic component |
DE102007050679A1 (en) | 2007-10-21 | 2009-04-23 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method and device for conveying particulate material in the layered construction of models |
DE102007050953A1 (en) | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-30 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device for the layered construction of models |
JP5146010B2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2013-02-20 | 東レ株式会社 | Method for producing ceramic molded body and method for producing ceramic sintered body using the same |
JP5400042B2 (en) | 2008-05-26 | 2014-01-29 | ソニー株式会社 | Modeling equipment |
DE102008058378A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2010-05-27 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Process for the layered construction of plastic models |
US7887264B2 (en) | 2008-12-11 | 2011-02-15 | Uop Llc | Apparatus for transferring particles |
WO2010075112A1 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2010-07-01 | össur hf | Noise reduction device for articulating joint, and a limb support device having the same |
US8545209B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2013-10-01 | Microjet Technology Co., Ltd. | Three-dimensional object forming apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional object |
JP5364439B2 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2013-12-11 | パナソニック株式会社 | Manufacturing method of three-dimensional shaped object |
DE102009030113A1 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2010-12-23 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method and device for supplying fluids during the layering of models |
US20100323301A1 (en) | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-23 | Huey-Ru Tang Lee | Method and apparatus for making three-dimensional parts |
EP2289462B1 (en) | 2009-08-25 | 2012-05-30 | BEGO Medical GmbH | Device and method for continuous generative production |
DE102009055966B4 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2014-05-15 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing three-dimensional models |
DE102009056696B4 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2011-11-10 | Prometal Rct Gmbh | Construction box for a rapid prototyping system |
EP2516345B1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2020-08-12 | Soiltec GmbH | Composite pavement structure |
US8211226B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2012-07-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Cement-based materials system for producing ferrous castings using a three-dimensional printer |
DE102010006939A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 | 2011-08-04 | Voxeljet Technology GmbH, 86167 | Device for producing three-dimensional models |
DE102010013733A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device for producing three-dimensional models |
DE102010013732A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-06 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device for producing three-dimensional models |
DE102010014969A1 (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-20 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device for producing three-dimensional models |
DE102010015451A1 (en) | 2010-04-17 | 2011-10-20 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method and device for producing three-dimensional objects |
DE102010027071A1 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-19 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device for producing three-dimensional models by means of layer application technology |
US8282380B2 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2012-10-09 | Makerbot Industries | Automated 3D build processes |
DE102010056346A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-05 | Technische Universität München | Method for the layered construction of models |
DE102011007957A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2012-07-05 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device and method for constructing a layer body with at least one body limiting the construction field and adjustable in terms of its position |
US8536547B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2013-09-17 | Accuray Incorporated | Ring gantry radiation treatment delivery system with dynamically controllable inward extension of treatment head |
US9757801B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2017-09-12 | Bam Bundesanstalt Für Material Forschung Und Prüfung | Method for producing a moulded body and device |
DE102011105688A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-27 | Hüttenes-Albertus Chemische Werke GmbH | Method for the layered construction of models |
DE102011111498A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2013-02-28 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Device for the layered construction of models |
DE102011053205B4 (en) | 2011-09-01 | 2017-05-24 | Exone Gmbh | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPONENT IN DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGY |
DE102011119338A1 (en) | 2011-11-26 | 2013-05-29 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | System for producing three-dimensional models |
JP6066447B2 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2017-01-25 | 株式会社リコー | Toner and image forming method using the same |
US8789490B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2014-07-29 | Sso Venture Partners, Llc | System and method of pointillist painting |
DE102012004213A1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-12 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method and device for producing three-dimensional models |
DE102012010272A1 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2013-11-28 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Method for producing three-dimensional models with special construction platforms and drive systems |
DE102012012363A1 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-24 | Voxeljet Technology Gmbh | Apparatus for building up a layer body with a storage or filling container movable along the discharge container |
US9168697B2 (en) | 2012-08-16 | 2015-10-27 | Stratasys, Inc. | Additive manufacturing system with extended printing volume, and methods of use thereof |
DE102012020000A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-17 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D multi-stage process |
DE102013004940A1 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-17 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing three-dimensional models with tempered printhead |
DE102012022859A1 (en) | 2012-11-25 | 2014-05-28 | Voxeljet Ag | Construction of a 3D printing device for the production of components |
DE102012024266A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-12 | Voxeljet Ag | Cleaning device for removing powder attached to components or models |
KR102097109B1 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2020-04-10 | 에이에스엠 아이피 홀딩 비.브이. | Deposition apparatus |
CN105246635B (en) | 2013-02-15 | 2020-06-23 | 马修·法甘 | Method and system for plasma machine for processing all long steel products including universal beam using gantry type plate cutting machine |
DE102013003303A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2014-08-28 | FluidSolids AG | Process for producing a molded part with a water-soluble casting mold and material system for its production |
US9403725B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2016-08-02 | University Of Southern California | Inserting inhibitor to create part boundary isolation during 3D printing |
DE102013005855A1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-09 | Voxeljet Ag | Material system and method for making three-dimensional models with stabilized binder |
DE102013018182A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 | 2015-04-30 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing three-dimensional models with binder system |
DE102013019716A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2015-05-28 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D printing process with slip |
DE102013018031A1 (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | Voxeljet Ag | Swap body with movable side wall |
DE102013020491A1 (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-11 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D infiltration process |
DE102013021091A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-18 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D printing process with rapid drying step |
EP2886307A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | Voxeljet AG | Device, special paper and method for the production of moulded components |
DE102013021891A1 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2015-06-25 | Voxeljet Ag | Apparatus and method with accelerated process control for 3D printing processes |
DE102014004692A1 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-15 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and apparatus for 3D printing with conditioned process control |
DE102014007584A1 (en) | 2014-05-26 | 2015-11-26 | Voxeljet Ag | 3D reverse printing method and apparatus |
WO2016019937A1 (en) | 2014-08-02 | 2016-02-11 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and casting mould, in particular for use in cold casting methods |
DE102014011544A1 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-11 | Voxeljet Ag | Printhead and its use |
DE102014014895A1 (en) | 2014-10-13 | 2016-04-14 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing components in a layer construction method |
DE102014018579A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Voxeljet Ag | Method for producing three-dimensional molded parts and adjusting the moisture content in the building material |
DE102015006533A1 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2016-06-23 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing 3D molded parts with layer construction technique |
DE102015003372A1 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing 3D molded parts with double recoater |
DE102015006363A1 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2016-12-15 | Voxeljet Ag | Phenolic resin method |
DE102015008860A1 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-19 | Voxeljet Ag | Device for adjusting a printhead |
DE102015011503A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-09 | Voxeljet Ag | Method for applying fluids |
DE102015011790A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-16 | Voxeljet Ag | Device and method for producing three-dimensional molded parts |
DE102015015353A1 (en) | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-01 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing three-dimensional components by means of an excess quantity sensor |
-
2012
- 2012-10-12 DE DE102012020000.5A patent/DE102012020000A1/en active Pending
-
2013
- 2013-10-10 CN CN201380053434.1A patent/CN104718062B/en active Active
- 2013-10-10 WO PCT/DE2013/000589 patent/WO2014056482A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-10-10 KR KR1020157012337A patent/KR102014836B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-10-10 US US14/435,269 patent/US10052682B2/en active Active
- 2013-10-10 EP EP13785344.6A patent/EP2906409B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-07-12 US US16/033,474 patent/US20180319078A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3812077A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1974-05-21 | Gen Electric | Fiber reinforced composite materials |
US5997795A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1999-12-07 | Rutgers, The State University | Processes for forming photonic bandgap structures |
US6869986B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2005-03-22 | Imaje S.A. | Ink composition for ink jet printing |
WO2001034371A2 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-17 | Z Corporation | Material systems and methods of three-dimensional printing |
US20100224508A1 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2010-09-09 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Ink composition for sensing carbon dioxide gas, carbon dioxide indicator using the same, package provided with the carbon dioxide indicator, and method for sensing pinhole using the same |
US20040056378A1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-03-25 | Bredt James F. | Three dimensional printing material system and method |
US20050017394A1 (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2005-01-27 | Voxeljet Gmbh | Methods and systems for the manufacture of layered three-dimensional forms |
US20070218222A1 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Inkjet recording media |
US20090322990A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2009-12-31 | Shin Kawana | Color image display device |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10786945B2 (en) | 2013-10-30 | 2020-09-29 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing three-dimensional models using a binding agent system |
US11541596B2 (en) | 2013-10-30 | 2023-01-03 | Voxeljet Ag | Method and device for producing three-dimensional models using a binding agent system |
US10843404B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2020-11-24 | Voxeljet Ag | Phenolic resin method |
WO2020117984A1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-11 | Jabil Inc. | Apparatus, system and method of coating organic and inorganic print materials |
WO2020118242A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-11 | Jabil Inc. | Apparatus, system and method of using sacrificial microspheres to form additively manufactured foam |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10052682B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 |
EP2906409A1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
CN104718062B (en) | 2021-02-02 |
DE102012020000A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
CN104718062A (en) | 2015-06-17 |
WO2014056482A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
EP2906409B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
KR20150068994A (en) | 2015-06-22 |
US20150273572A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
KR102014836B1 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20180319078A1 (en) | Materials for 3d multi-stage method | |
US20210107227A1 (en) | 3d reverse printing method and device | |
US20230131987A1 (en) | Binder system and devices for 3-d printing and articles produced therefrom | |
US9358701B2 (en) | Method for the layerwise construction of models | |
US6403002B1 (en) | Method and device for producing a shaped body | |
EP1638758B1 (en) | Methods for manufacture of layered three-dimensional forms | |
CN101837427B (en) | Laser sintering sand, preparation method thereof, sand core and preparation method thereof | |
JP5160711B2 (en) | Fluid composition for three-dimensional printing of solid objects | |
US10471497B2 (en) | Three-dimensional printed metal-casting molds and methods for making the same | |
CN105283281A (en) | Process for producing a moulding using a water-soluble casting mould and material system for the production thereof | |
JP2019514730A (en) | Bead polymer comprising hard phase having soft phase domain | |
US20210370388A1 (en) | Tool-less method for making molds, cores, and temporary tools | |
JP3010170B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of mold for metal casting | |
CN115279712A (en) | 3D printing process and moulded parts produced by the process using lignosulphonates | |
JP7202238B2 (en) | Coated sand and mold manufacturing method using the same | |
WO2005021188A2 (en) | Compositions and use of sand and powders capable of being heated by microwave or induction energy |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: VOXELJET AG, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EDERER, INGO;GUNTHER, DANIEL;SIGNING DATES FROM 20150415 TO 20150421;REEL/FRAME:046912/0179 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: ADVISORY ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: ADVISORY ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |