US20180292149A1 - Cooling system for machine having radiator assembly and method - Google Patents
Cooling system for machine having radiator assembly and method Download PDFInfo
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- US20180292149A1 US20180292149A1 US15/480,507 US201715480507A US2018292149A1 US 20180292149 A1 US20180292149 A1 US 20180292149A1 US 201715480507 A US201715480507 A US 201715480507A US 2018292149 A1 US2018292149 A1 US 2018292149A1
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- Prior art keywords
- valve
- coolant
- radiator
- pressure
- tank
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
- F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
- F01P11/0285—Venting devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
- F01P11/14—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
- F01P11/16—Indicating devices; Other safety devices concerning coolant temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/18—Arrangements or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
- F01P3/20—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
- F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
- F01P11/029—Expansion reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
- F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
- F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/12—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing overpressure
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to a cooling system for a machine, and more particularly to a cooling system separating functions of coolant pressure relief and recovery from radiator capping.
- Cooling systems are used across virtually all fields of modern machinery.
- a cooling system equipped with one or more liquid-to-air heat exchangers is provided for cooling an internal combustion engine.
- a pump driven from the engine gear train circulates coolant between the engine block and a heat exchanger in the nature of an air-cooled radiator.
- the circulated coolant exchanges heat with material of the engine block, and rejects the heat to ambient air conveyed across exterior surfaces of the radiator in a well-known manner.
- a great many different configurations and combinations of cooling system components have been produced for more than a century. Outside of the context of engine systems, cooling systems for machinery are used to cool pumps, compressors, electric motors, milling and cutting tools, and all manner of industrial and commercial equipment.
- a fluid pressure of coolant is commonly raised apace with increases in temperature. As temperatures decrease the fluid pressure of course decreases along with it.
- the up-and-down pressure cycling produced by increases and decreases in coolant volume can result in coolant being pushed out of a radiator and sucked back into the radiator many times during the course of a typical cooling system duty cycle. This near-constant change in pressure and temperature and in-and-out flow of fluid can make certain components of the cooling system susceptible not only to thermal and/or structural fatigue, but also to seal failure.
- a typical design employs a radiator cap having integrated valve structures that enable pressure relief to flow coolant to a recovery bottle, and return when appropriate.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,167,159 to Warman is directed to a pressurized liquid cooling system for an internal combustion engine, and discloses a radiator cap of generally conventional design that provides fluid paths for expansion and contraction of coolant.
- the pressure cap has pressure and vacuum relief valve components for limiting the maximum operating pressure of the system and for limiting negative pressures to avoid damage during cooling after engine shutdown.
- a lower system relief pressure for lower-temperature conditions is provided by way of a second, temperature-responsive, pressure relief valve. While Warman perhaps provides advantages in some applications, certain of the components are still likely susceptible to leakage or other problems.
- a cooling system for a machine includes a radiator assembly including a radiator tank having formed therein a tank access port, an overflow port, and a plurality of coolant circulation ports, for connecting with a coolant circulation loop.
- the radiator assembly further includes a cap coupled with the radiator tank to seal the tank access port, and a valve mechanism.
- the valve mechanism includes a valve body coupled with the radiator tank and having formed therein an inlet fluidly connected with the overflow port, and an outlet structured to fluidly connect with a recovery bottle.
- the valve mechanism further includes a pressure relief valve positioned fluidly between the inlet and the outlet and having a first valve opening surface, and a coolant return valve positioned fluidly between the inlet and the outlet and having a second valve opening surface.
- the first valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the inlet, such that the pressure relief valve opens in response to a pressure drop from the inlet to the outlet, to convey coolant from the radiator to the recovery bottle.
- the second valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the outlet such that the coolant return valve opens in response to a pressure drop from the outlet to the inlet, to convey coolant from the recovery bottle to the radiator.
- a radiator assembly in another aspect, includes a radiator tank having an inner surface defining an internal fluid space, and an outer surface, and having formed therein a plurality of coolant circulation ports, a tank access port, and an overflow port.
- the assembly further includes a cap coupled with the radiator tank at the tank access port and blocking fluid flow through the tank access port, and a valve mechanism coupled with the radiator tank at the overflow port.
- the valve mechanism includes a valve body having formed therein an inlet fluidly connecting with the overflow port, and an outlet structured to fluidly connect with the recovery bottle.
- the valve mechanism further includes a pressure relief valve having a first valve opening surface, and a coolant return valve having a second valve opening surface.
- the valve mechanism is in a first state where the first valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the inlet and the second valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the outlet and the valve mechanism blocks fluid flow through the overflow port.
- the valve mechanism is adjustable to a second state to permit fluid flow through the overflow port by way of opening the pressure relief valve responsive to a pressure drop from the inlet to the outlet or to a third state to permit fluid flow through the overflow port by way of opening the coolant return valve in response to a pressure drop from the outlet to the inlet.
- a method of operating a cooling system for a machine includes conveying a coolant between a radiator and a coolant circulation loop structured to exchange heat with a machine, and increasing a temperature and a pressure of the coolant within the cooling system by way of the exchange of heat.
- the method further includes opening a pressure relief valve in a valve mechanism coupled to the radiator at an overflow port in response to the increase in pressure, and venting an excess volume of the coolant produced in response to the increase in temperature to a recovery bottle by way of the pressure relief valve.
- the method further includes decreasing the temperature in the pressure of the coolant such that a volume of the coolant is reduced, and opening a coolant return valve in the valve mechanism in response to the decrease in pressure.
- the method still further includes returning coolant to the radiator by way of the coolant return valve, and inhibiting leakage of coolant and air through a tank access port during the venting of the excess volume of coolant and the returning of the coolant to the radiator by way of a solid cap fluidly sealing the tank access port.
- FIG. 1 is a side diagrammatic view of a machine system including a cooling system, according to one embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a side diagrammatic view of a machine system having a cooling system, according to another embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a partially sectioned side diagrammatic view of a portion of the cooling system shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a partially sectioned side diagrammatic view of a portion of a cooling system according to another embodiment.
- cooling system 10 for a machine 12 , according to one embodiment.
- Cooling system 10 may be of a type suitable for use in cooling an internal combustion engine, thus machine 12 may include an engine.
- the present disclosure is not thereby limited, however, and other cooling applications are contemplated such as industrial and manufacturing applications, mining equipment applications, and still others.
- cooling system 10 includes a radiator assembly 14 including a radiator tank 16 that includes a tank wall 18 , having formed therein a tank access port 24 , an overflow port 26 , and a plurality of coolant circulation ports 28 and 30 , for connecting with a coolant circulation loop 32 .
- Radiator assembly 14 further includes a cap 46 coupled with radiator tank 16 to seal tank access port 24 , and a valve mechanism 48 that includes a valve body 50 coupled with radiator tank 16 .
- valve mechanism 48 may be structured to provide for pressure relief and coolant return as coolant in cooling system 10 changes in temperature and volume.
- Radiator tank 16 defines a vertical axis 100 , and in a practical implementation strategy may be structured with a plurality of flow-through channels (not shown) such that cooling air from a radiator fan or the like can be pushed through radiator tank 16 in generally horizontal directions towards machine 12 or away from machine 12 .
- Radiator tank 16 may further include a plurality of internal cooling structures, such as turbulators, not shown in the attached illustrations.
- Radiator tank 16 may be structured such that tank wall 18 is formed from an extrusion, such as an aluminum extrusion, with adjoining sections of wall being connected by and supported by fillet structures or the like, such as the fillet 19 shown in FIG. 3 .
- Cooling system 10 may further include a recovery bottle 34 having a bottle inlet 35 , and a vent line 36 fluidly connecting valve mechanism 48 to recovery bottle 34 .
- Valve mechanism 48 more particularly valve body 50 , may have formed therein an inlet 52 fluidly connected with overflow port 26 , and an outlet 54 structured to fluidly connect with recovery bottle 34 .
- Cooling system 10 may further include a thermostat assembly 38 having a recirculation valve 40 , and a recirculation line 42 extending between recirculation valve 40 and one of the plurality of coolant circulation ports 28 and 30 .
- Thermostat assembly 38 may be operable to direct coolant to circulate through machine 12 and an additional heat exchange mechanism 44 such as an engine oil cooler, until the coolant has reached a certain temperature, at which point recirculation valve 40 may be adjusted to enable coolant to be conveyed through a supply line 43 to radiator tank 16 .
- an additional heat exchange mechanism 44 such as an engine oil cooler
- FIG. 2 there is shown a cooling system 110 according to another embodiment, and having similarities with the embodiment of FIG. 1 except with regard to placement of a valve mechanism 148 relative to other components of cooling system 110 .
- radiator cap 146 is mounted at a top of radiator tank 116
- valve mechanism 148 is mounted slightly vertically lower than radiator cap 146 relative to a vertical axis 200 . It will be appreciated that it is generally desirable to mount pressure relief and coolant return mechanisms as close as possible to the top of a radiator tank.
- coolant circulation port 30 is positioned vertically higher than coolant circulation port 28 .
- Recovery bottle 34 includes a bottle inlet 35 positioned vertically lower than overflow port 26 .
- overflow port 26 is positioned more or less at the same vertical location as tank access port 24
- an overflow port 126 is positioned vertically lower than a tank access port 124 .
- Valve mechanism 48 may further include a pressure relief valve 56 within valve body 50 and positioned fluidly between inlet 52 and outlet 54 and a coolant return valve 58 positioned fluidly between inlet 52 and outlet 54 .
- Pressure relief valve 56 and coolant return valve 58 may each be pressure-operated, based upon a pressure difference between inlet 52 and outlet 54 in a manner further described herein.
- pressure relief valve 56 may include a first valve opening surface 62 and a first valve closing surface 66 .
- Coolant return valve 58 may include a second valve opening surface 64 and a second valve closing surface 68 .
- Each of pressure relief valve 56 and coolant return valve 58 may be positioned at least partially within a fluid space 82 defined by valve body 50 and structured to fluidly connect inlet 52 and outlet 54 depending upon the state of pressure relief valve 56 and coolant return valve 58 .
- valve mechanism 48 includes a first biaser 92 biasing pressure relief valve 56 towards the respective closed position, and a second biaser 94 biasing coolant return valve 58 towards the respective closed position.
- first biaser 92 and second biaser 94 may include a biasing spring.
- First biaser 92 may be held in compression between pressure relief valve 56 and coolant return valve 58
- second biaser 94 may be held in compression between coolant return valve 58 and pressure relief valve 56 .
- pressure relief valve 56 and coolant return valve 58 are reciprocal generally along a longitudinal axis 300 defined by valve body 50 and extending between a first axial end 78 wherein inlet 52 is formed and a second axial end 80 wherein outlet 54 is formed.
- Pressure relief valve 56 and coolant return valve 58 may further be structured such that pressure relief valve 56 is movable in a first opening direction within valve body 50 and coolant return valve 56 is movable in a second opening direction within valve body 50 that is opposite to the first opening direction.
- Pressure relief valve 56 may be nested with coolant return valve 58 .
- each of pressure relief valve 56 and coolant return valve 58 has a fixed angular orientation within valve body 50 about longitudinal axis 300 .
- Pressure relief valve 56 may include a movable valve member 84 coupled with a sealing member 86 , movable to contact a seat 88 formed by valve body 50 .
- Valve member 84 may include a metallic piece whereas sealing member 86 may include a non-metallic piece attached to valve member 84 and having an annular shape.
- a plurality of fluid ports 85 may be formed in valve member 84 enable fluid communication between cavity 82 and valve opening surface 64 . In other embodiments different geometry altogether might be used, or a different arrangement of the respective valves.
- a pressure relief valve and a coolant return valve need not be nested with one another and in other instances could be positioned in parallel, or in separate sections of a valve body or in separate valve bodies altogether. Those skilled in the art will contemplate various further alternatives.
- cap 46 fluidly seals tank access port 24 .
- Tank access port 24 could be used for filling cooling system 10 , or for other purposes.
- cap 46 includes a solid cap having an unperforated metallic body 70 with a pressure side 72 , and an ambient side 74 , and a non-metallic sealing member 76 sandwiched between pressure side 72 and ambient side 74 .
- each of the various ports formed in tank wall 18 extends by way of a bore between inner surface 22 and outer surface 20 .
- a portion of the bore through tank wall 18 may be threaded by way of a second set of threads 99 engaged with a first set of threads 98 formed on a connector 51 of valve body 50 .
- connector 51 has a tapered shape such that the set of threads 98 forms a tapered profile, which tapered profile is complementary to a tapered profile formed by the set of threads 99 .
- a fluid seal between valve body 50 and radiator tank 16 can be accomplished by way of metal-to-metal wedging amongst the mating threads. It can further be seen from FIG.
- pressure relief valve 56 is in an open state such that a clearance 96 extends between valve body 50 and sealing member 86 as valve mechanism 48 might appear when open in response to a pressure drop from inlet 52 to outlet 54 .
- Coolant return valve 58 is closed, resting against a seat 90 formed by valve member 84 .
- first valve opening surface 62 is exposed to a fluid pressure of inlet 52 , such that pressure relief valve 56 opens in response to a pressure drop from inlet 52 to outlet 54 , to convey coolant from radiator tank 16 to recover bottle 34 .
- the pressure drop sufficient to open valve 56 might be about 5 PSI to about 20 PSI, corresponding to an internal pressure in radiator tank 18 of about 5 PSIG to about 20 PSIG.
- second valve opening surface 64 may be exposed to a fluid pressure of outlet 54 , such that coolant return valve 58 opens in response to a pressure drop from outlet 54 to inlet 52 , to convey coolant from recovery bottle 34 to radiator tank 16 .
- the pressure drop sufficient to open valve 58 might be about 5 PSI or less, potentially about 1 PSI.
- Valve mechanism 48 blocks fluid flow through overflow port 26 in the first state, and is adjustable to a second state to permit fluid flow through overflow port 26 by way of opening pressure relief valve 56 responsive to a pressure drop from inlet 52 to outlet 54 or to a third state to permit fluid flow through overflow port 26 by way of opening coolant return valve 58 in response to a pressure drop from outlet 54 to inlet 52 .
- Pressure relief valve 56 may thus have a first valve opening pressure based at least in part upon a size of first valve opening surface 62 and a stiffness of first biaser 92 , and coolant return valve 58 a second valve opening pressure based at least in part upon a size of the second valve opening surface 64 and a stiffness of second biaser 94 .
- the first valve opening pressure may be greater than the second valve opening pressure.
- valve mechanism 248 including a valve body 250 , and in a cooling system 210 according to another embodiment.
- Valve mechanism 256 is coupled with a radiator tank 216 and includes a pressure relief valve 56 and a coolant return valve 258 positioned fluidly between an inlet 252 and an outlet 254 formed in valve body 250 , to control fluid flow through an overflow port 226 .
- Valve mechanism 248 functions in a manner similar to valve mechanism 48 described above. In FIG. 4 valve mechanism 248 is shown as it might appear where coolant return valve 258 is in an open position and fluid flow is possible through a clearance 296 between coolant return valve 258 and pressure relief valve 256 .
- a connector 251 of valve body 250 has a structure different from connector 51 described in connection with valve mechanism 48 .
- connector 251 may be equipped with straight threads in a set 298 engaged with straight threads in a set 299 formed in radiator tank 216 .
- An annular sealing element 253 such as an O-ring, is compressed and positioned axially between valve body 250 and radiator tank 216 .
- Radiator tank 216 includes threads 299 extending circumferentially around overflow port 226 and mated with threads 298 . A similar characterization of threads extending circumferentially around an overflow port can be made with regard to the embodiment of FIG. 3 .
- coolant may be conveyed between radiator tank 16 and coolant circulation loop 32 to exchange heat with machine 12 .
- the exchange of heat will tend to cause an increase in a temperature and a pressure of the coolant within cooling system 10 .
- pressure relief valve 56 in valve mechanism 48 is opened to enable venting of an excess volume of the coolant that is produced, in response to the increase in temperature, to recovery bottle 34 .
- the temperature and the pressure of the coolant can decrease, causing coolant return valve 58 in valve mechanism 48 to open in response to the decrease in pressure.
- radiator tank 16 It has been observed that the cooling and contracting of coolant within radiator tank 16 can cause a vacuum to develop within space 60 . Coolant is returned by way of the opening of coolant return valve 58 to radiator tank 16 . During conveying coolant into and out of radiator tank 16 in the manner described, leakage of coolant and air through tank access port 24 can be inhibited by way of cap 46 .
- radiator cap designs included structure for enabling pivoting of the cap body relative to components of the radiator cap including a pressure relief valve and/or a coolant return valve, for instance which necessitated a breach in the otherwise fluidly sealed body of the cap.
- a pressure relief valve and/or a coolant return valve for instance which necessitated a breach in the otherwise fluidly sealed body of the cap.
- the pivot pin or other structure in a radiator cap and the associated breach in the otherwise fluidly sealed barrier had a tendency in response to the changes in temperature and pressure, to form a leak path enabling air to be drawn into the coolant system.
- the present disclosure provides for separating pressure relief and coolant return functions between the radiator cap and other apparatus, eliminating or at least reducing the possibility of air entering the system and causing a host of known problems.
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Abstract
A cooling system for a machine includes a radiator assembly having a tank access port, and an overflow port formed in a radiator tank. A solid cap is coupled with the radiator tank to seal the tank access port, and a valve mechanism is coupled with the radiator tank. The valve mechanism includes a pressure relief valve and a coolant return valve operable to fluidly connect the radiator tank with a recovery bottle responsive to a pressurized or a vacuum state of the radiator tank, respectively.
Description
- The present disclosure relates generally to a cooling system for a machine, and more particularly to a cooling system separating functions of coolant pressure relief and recovery from radiator capping.
- Cooling systems are used across virtually all fields of modern machinery. In one known application, a cooling system equipped with one or more liquid-to-air heat exchangers is provided for cooling an internal combustion engine. A pump driven from the engine gear train circulates coolant between the engine block and a heat exchanger in the nature of an air-cooled radiator. The circulated coolant exchanges heat with material of the engine block, and rejects the heat to ambient air conveyed across exterior surfaces of the radiator in a well-known manner. It is common for such cooling systems to include one or both of an engine oil cooler and a transmission fluid cooler each of which transfers heat into the circulated coolant. A great many different configurations and combinations of cooling system components have been produced for more than a century. Outside of the context of engine systems, cooling systems for machinery are used to cool pumps, compressors, electric motors, milling and cutting tools, and all manner of industrial and commercial equipment.
- One feature common to most liquid cooling systems for machinery is the use of a liquid coolant that changes in volume relatively substantially with changes in temperature. It is well known that an engine coolant, such as glycol, water, mixtures of glycol and water, and other materials can increase in temperature sufficiently to increase volume of the coolant greater than a closed volume of the cooling system. So-called “recovery bottles” are commonly used in conjunction with radiators to accommodate the increased volume of coolant produced in response to an increase in temperature, and store the coolant for eventual return into the system as temperatures decrease.
- A fluid pressure of coolant is commonly raised apace with increases in temperature. As temperatures decrease the fluid pressure of course decreases along with it. The up-and-down pressure cycling produced by increases and decreases in coolant volume can result in coolant being pushed out of a radiator and sucked back into the radiator many times during the course of a typical cooling system duty cycle. This near-constant change in pressure and temperature and in-and-out flow of fluid can make certain components of the cooling system susceptible not only to thermal and/or structural fatigue, but also to seal failure.
- It is necessary to provide relatively robust sealing in the plumbing that connects all parts of the cooling system, and in particular between the radiator and the recovery bottle. A typical design employs a radiator cap having integrated valve structures that enable pressure relief to flow coolant to a recovery bottle, and return when appropriate. U.S. Pat. No. 4,167,159 to Warman is directed to a pressurized liquid cooling system for an internal combustion engine, and discloses a radiator cap of generally conventional design that provides fluid paths for expansion and contraction of coolant. As described in Warman, the pressure cap has pressure and vacuum relief valve components for limiting the maximum operating pressure of the system and for limiting negative pressures to avoid damage during cooling after engine shutdown. A lower system relief pressure for lower-temperature conditions is provided by way of a second, temperature-responsive, pressure relief valve. While Warman perhaps provides advantages in some applications, certain of the components are still likely susceptible to leakage or other problems.
- In one aspect, a cooling system for a machine includes a radiator assembly including a radiator tank having formed therein a tank access port, an overflow port, and a plurality of coolant circulation ports, for connecting with a coolant circulation loop. The radiator assembly further includes a cap coupled with the radiator tank to seal the tank access port, and a valve mechanism. The valve mechanism includes a valve body coupled with the radiator tank and having formed therein an inlet fluidly connected with the overflow port, and an outlet structured to fluidly connect with a recovery bottle. The valve mechanism further includes a pressure relief valve positioned fluidly between the inlet and the outlet and having a first valve opening surface, and a coolant return valve positioned fluidly between the inlet and the outlet and having a second valve opening surface. The first valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the inlet, such that the pressure relief valve opens in response to a pressure drop from the inlet to the outlet, to convey coolant from the radiator to the recovery bottle. The second valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the outlet such that the coolant return valve opens in response to a pressure drop from the outlet to the inlet, to convey coolant from the recovery bottle to the radiator.
- In another aspect, a radiator assembly includes a radiator tank having an inner surface defining an internal fluid space, and an outer surface, and having formed therein a plurality of coolant circulation ports, a tank access port, and an overflow port. The assembly further includes a cap coupled with the radiator tank at the tank access port and blocking fluid flow through the tank access port, and a valve mechanism coupled with the radiator tank at the overflow port. The valve mechanism includes a valve body having formed therein an inlet fluidly connecting with the overflow port, and an outlet structured to fluidly connect with the recovery bottle. The valve mechanism further includes a pressure relief valve having a first valve opening surface, and a coolant return valve having a second valve opening surface. The valve mechanism is in a first state where the first valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the inlet and the second valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the outlet and the valve mechanism blocks fluid flow through the overflow port. The valve mechanism is adjustable to a second state to permit fluid flow through the overflow port by way of opening the pressure relief valve responsive to a pressure drop from the inlet to the outlet or to a third state to permit fluid flow through the overflow port by way of opening the coolant return valve in response to a pressure drop from the outlet to the inlet.
- In still another aspect, a method of operating a cooling system for a machine includes conveying a coolant between a radiator and a coolant circulation loop structured to exchange heat with a machine, and increasing a temperature and a pressure of the coolant within the cooling system by way of the exchange of heat. The method further includes opening a pressure relief valve in a valve mechanism coupled to the radiator at an overflow port in response to the increase in pressure, and venting an excess volume of the coolant produced in response to the increase in temperature to a recovery bottle by way of the pressure relief valve. The method further includes decreasing the temperature in the pressure of the coolant such that a volume of the coolant is reduced, and opening a coolant return valve in the valve mechanism in response to the decrease in pressure. The method still further includes returning coolant to the radiator by way of the coolant return valve, and inhibiting leakage of coolant and air through a tank access port during the venting of the excess volume of coolant and the returning of the coolant to the radiator by way of a solid cap fluidly sealing the tank access port.
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FIG. 1 is a side diagrammatic view of a machine system including a cooling system, according to one embodiment; -
FIG. 2 is a side diagrammatic view of a machine system having a cooling system, according to another embodiment; -
FIG. 3 is a partially sectioned side diagrammatic view of a portion of the cooling system shown inFIG. 1 ; and -
FIG. 4 is a partially sectioned side diagrammatic view of a portion of a cooling system according to another embodiment. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , there is shown acooling system 10 for amachine 12, according to one embodiment.Cooling system 10 may be of a type suitable for use in cooling an internal combustion engine, thusmachine 12 may include an engine. The present disclosure is not thereby limited, however, and other cooling applications are contemplated such as industrial and manufacturing applications, mining equipment applications, and still others. In a practical implantation strategy,cooling system 10 includes aradiator assembly 14 including aradiator tank 16 that includes atank wall 18, having formed therein atank access port 24, anoverflow port 26, and a plurality ofcoolant circulation ports Radiator assembly 14 further includes acap 46 coupled withradiator tank 16 to sealtank access port 24, and avalve mechanism 48 that includes avalve body 50 coupled withradiator tank 16. As will be further apparent from the followingdescription valve mechanism 48 may be structured to provide for pressure relief and coolant return as coolant incooling system 10 changes in temperature and volume. - Referring also now to
FIG. 3 , there is shown anouter surface 20 and aninner surface 22 oftank wall 18, withinner surface 22 defining aninternal fluid space 60 for containing a suitable liquid coolant such as a glycol-based coolant.Radiator tank 16 defines avertical axis 100, and in a practical implementation strategy may be structured with a plurality of flow-through channels (not shown) such that cooling air from a radiator fan or the like can be pushed throughradiator tank 16 in generally horizontal directions towardsmachine 12 or away frommachine 12.Radiator tank 16 may further include a plurality of internal cooling structures, such as turbulators, not shown in the attached illustrations.Radiator tank 16 may be structured such thattank wall 18 is formed from an extrusion, such as an aluminum extrusion, with adjoining sections of wall being connected by and supported by fillet structures or the like, such as thefillet 19 shown inFIG. 3 . -
Cooling system 10 may further include arecovery bottle 34 having abottle inlet 35, and avent line 36 fluidly connectingvalve mechanism 48 torecovery bottle 34.Valve mechanism 48, more particularlyvalve body 50, may have formed therein aninlet 52 fluidly connected withoverflow port 26, and anoutlet 54 structured to fluidly connect withrecovery bottle 34.Cooling system 10 may further include athermostat assembly 38 having arecirculation valve 40, and arecirculation line 42 extending betweenrecirculation valve 40 and one of the plurality ofcoolant circulation ports Thermostat assembly 38 may be operable to direct coolant to circulate throughmachine 12 and an additionalheat exchange mechanism 44 such as an engine oil cooler, until the coolant has reached a certain temperature, at whichpoint recirculation valve 40 may be adjusted to enable coolant to be conveyed through asupply line 43 toradiator tank 16. - Referring now to
FIG. 2 , there is shown acooling system 110 according to another embodiment, and having similarities with the embodiment ofFIG. 1 except with regard to placement of avalve mechanism 148 relative to other components ofcooling system 110. Rather than a design such as that depicted inFIG. 1 where bothvalve mechanism 48 andradiator cap 46 are mounted at a top ofradiator tank 16, incooling system 110radiator cap 146 is mounted at a top ofradiator tank 116, andvalve mechanism 148 is mounted slightly vertically lower thanradiator cap 146 relative to avertical axis 200. It will be appreciated that it is generally desirable to mount pressure relief and coolant return mechanisms as close as possible to the top of a radiator tank. In certain instances, however, such as where internal structures of the radiator tank present obstacles to forming bores through the tank wall, or the tank wall is itself too thin, alternative mounting configurations are desired such as that shown inFIG. 2 . Referring back toFIG. 1 , it can also be noted that in coolingsystem 10coolant circulation port 30 is positioned vertically higher thancoolant circulation port 28.Recovery bottle 34 includes abottle inlet 35 positioned vertically lower thanoverflow port 26. InFIG. 1 overflow port 26 is positioned more or less at the same vertical location astank access port 24, whereas incooling system 110 anoverflow port 126 is positioned vertically lower than atank access port 124. -
Valve mechanism 48 may further include apressure relief valve 56 withinvalve body 50 and positioned fluidly betweeninlet 52 andoutlet 54 and acoolant return valve 58 positioned fluidly betweeninlet 52 andoutlet 54.Pressure relief valve 56 andcoolant return valve 58 may each be pressure-operated, based upon a pressure difference betweeninlet 52 andoutlet 54 in a manner further described herein. To this end,pressure relief valve 56 may include a firstvalve opening surface 62 and a firstvalve closing surface 66.Coolant return valve 58 may include a secondvalve opening surface 64 and a second valve closing surface 68. Each ofpressure relief valve 56 andcoolant return valve 58 may be positioned at least partially within afluid space 82 defined byvalve body 50 and structured to fluidly connectinlet 52 andoutlet 54 depending upon the state ofpressure relief valve 56 andcoolant return valve 58. - Each of
pressure relief valve 56 andcoolant return valve 58 may be movable between an open position and a closed position, and may be biased towards the respective closed position. In an embodiment,valve mechanism 48 includes afirst biaser 92 biasingpressure relief valve 56 towards the respective closed position, and asecond biaser 94 biasingcoolant return valve 58 towards the respective closed position. Each offirst biaser 92 andsecond biaser 94 may include a biasing spring.First biaser 92 may be held in compression betweenpressure relief valve 56 andcoolant return valve 58, andsecond biaser 94 may be held in compression betweencoolant return valve 58 andpressure relief valve 56. - It can be further noted from
FIG. 3 thatpressure relief valve 56 andcoolant return valve 58 are reciprocal generally along alongitudinal axis 300 defined byvalve body 50 and extending between a firstaxial end 78 whereininlet 52 is formed and a secondaxial end 80 whereinoutlet 54 is formed.Pressure relief valve 56 andcoolant return valve 58 may further be structured such thatpressure relief valve 56 is movable in a first opening direction withinvalve body 50 andcoolant return valve 56 is movable in a second opening direction withinvalve body 50 that is opposite to the first opening direction.Pressure relief valve 56 may be nested withcoolant return valve 58. In a practical implementation strategy, each ofpressure relief valve 56 andcoolant return valve 58 has a fixed angular orientation withinvalve body 50 aboutlongitudinal axis 300.Pressure relief valve 56 may include amovable valve member 84 coupled with a sealingmember 86, movable to contact a seat 88 formed byvalve body 50.Valve member 84 may include a metallic piece whereas sealingmember 86 may include a non-metallic piece attached tovalve member 84 and having an annular shape. In a practical implementation strategy, a plurality offluid ports 85 may be formed invalve member 84 enable fluid communication betweencavity 82 andvalve opening surface 64. In other embodiments different geometry altogether might be used, or a different arrangement of the respective valves. For example, a pressure relief valve and a coolant return valve need not be nested with one another and in other instances could be positioned in parallel, or in separate sections of a valve body or in separate valve bodies altogether. Those skilled in the art will contemplate various further alternatives. - It can also be seen from
FIG. 3 that cap 46 fluidly sealstank access port 24.Tank access port 24 could be used for fillingcooling system 10, or for other purposes. In a practical implementation strategy,cap 46 includes a solid cap having an unperforated metallic body 70 with apressure side 72, and anambient side 74, and a non-metallic sealingmember 76 sandwiched betweenpressure side 72 andambient side 74. - In the illustrated embodiment, each of the various ports formed in
tank wall 18 extends by way of a bore betweeninner surface 22 andouter surface 20. In the case of overflow port 26 a portion of the bore throughtank wall 18 may be threaded by way of a second set ofthreads 99 engaged with a first set ofthreads 98 formed on a connector 51 ofvalve body 50. It can be seen that connector 51 has a tapered shape such that the set ofthreads 98 forms a tapered profile, which tapered profile is complementary to a tapered profile formed by the set ofthreads 99. In the case of tapered threads a fluid seal betweenvalve body 50 andradiator tank 16 can be accomplished by way of metal-to-metal wedging amongst the mating threads. It can further be seen fromFIG. 3 thatpressure relief valve 56 is in an open state such that aclearance 96 extends betweenvalve body 50 and sealingmember 86 asvalve mechanism 48 might appear when open in response to a pressure drop frominlet 52 tooutlet 54.Coolant return valve 58 is closed, resting against a seat 90 formed byvalve member 84. In a normal, rest state or first state ofvalve mechanism 48, firstvalve opening surface 62 is exposed to a fluid pressure ofinlet 52, such thatpressure relief valve 56 opens in response to a pressure drop frominlet 52 tooutlet 54, to convey coolant fromradiator tank 16 to recoverbottle 34. The pressure drop sufficient to openvalve 56 might be about 5 PSI to about 20 PSI, corresponding to an internal pressure inradiator tank 18 of about 5 PSIG to about 20 PSIG. In the first state, secondvalve opening surface 64 may be exposed to a fluid pressure ofoutlet 54, such thatcoolant return valve 58 opens in response to a pressure drop fromoutlet 54 toinlet 52, to convey coolant fromrecovery bottle 34 toradiator tank 16. The pressure drop sufficient to openvalve 58 might be about 5 PSI or less, potentially about 1 PSI.Valve mechanism 48 blocks fluid flow throughoverflow port 26 in the first state, and is adjustable to a second state to permit fluid flow throughoverflow port 26 by way of openingpressure relief valve 56 responsive to a pressure drop frominlet 52 tooutlet 54 or to a third state to permit fluid flow throughoverflow port 26 by way of openingcoolant return valve 58 in response to a pressure drop fromoutlet 54 toinlet 52.Pressure relief valve 56 may thus have a first valve opening pressure based at least in part upon a size of firstvalve opening surface 62 and a stiffness offirst biaser 92, and coolant return valve 58 a second valve opening pressure based at least in part upon a size of the secondvalve opening surface 64 and a stiffness ofsecond biaser 94. The first valve opening pressure may be greater than the second valve opening pressure. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 , there is shown avalve mechanism 248 including avalve body 250, and in acooling system 210 according to another embodiment.Valve mechanism 256 is coupled with aradiator tank 216 and includes apressure relief valve 56 and acoolant return valve 258 positioned fluidly between aninlet 252 and anoutlet 254 formed invalve body 250, to control fluid flow through anoverflow port 226.Valve mechanism 248 functions in a manner similar tovalve mechanism 48 described above. InFIG. 4 valve mechanism 248 is shown as it might appear wherecoolant return valve 258 is in an open position and fluid flow is possible through aclearance 296 betweencoolant return valve 258 andpressure relief valve 256. It can also be seen that a connector 251 ofvalve body 250 has a structure different from connector 51 described in connection withvalve mechanism 48. In particular, rather than tapered threads, connector 251 may be equipped with straight threads in aset 298 engaged with straight threads in aset 299 formed inradiator tank 216. Anannular sealing element 253, such as an O-ring, is compressed and positioned axially betweenvalve body 250 andradiator tank 216.Radiator tank 216 includesthreads 299 extending circumferentially aroundoverflow port 226 and mated withthreads 298. A similar characterization of threads extending circumferentially around an overflow port can be made with regard to the embodiment ofFIG. 3 . - Referring to the drawings generally, but with particular reference to cooling
system 10, duringoperating cooling system 10 coolant may be conveyed betweenradiator tank 16 and coolant circulation loop 32 to exchange heat withmachine 12. The exchange of heat will tend to cause an increase in a temperature and a pressure of the coolant within coolingsystem 10. In response to the increase in pressure,pressure relief valve 56 invalve mechanism 48 is opened to enable venting of an excess volume of the coolant that is produced, in response to the increase in temperature, torecovery bottle 34. At a later time during operation, or potentially during or after shutting downmachine 12, the temperature and the pressure of the coolant can decrease, causingcoolant return valve 58 invalve mechanism 48 to open in response to the decrease in pressure. It has been observed that the cooling and contracting of coolant withinradiator tank 16 can cause a vacuum to develop withinspace 60. Coolant is returned by way of the opening ofcoolant return valve 58 toradiator tank 16. During conveying coolant into and out ofradiator tank 16 in the manner described, leakage of coolant and air throughtank access port 24 can be inhibited by way ofcap 46. - It has been observed that certain earlier radiator cap designs included structure for enabling pivoting of the cap body relative to components of the radiator cap including a pressure relief valve and/or a coolant return valve, for instance which necessitated a breach in the otherwise fluidly sealed body of the cap. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the thermally dynamic conditions under which machine cooling systems must operate. Components expand and contract in response to changes in temperature, experience thermal fatigue, and can be corroded or otherwise degraded in performance by the relatively harsh conditions. The pivot pin or other structure in a radiator cap and the associated breach in the otherwise fluidly sealed barrier had a tendency in response to the changes in temperature and pressure, to form a leak path enabling air to be drawn into the coolant system. The present disclosure provides for separating pressure relief and coolant return functions between the radiator cap and other apparatus, eliminating or at least reducing the possibility of air entering the system and causing a host of known problems.
- The present description is for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed to narrow the breadth of the present disclosure in any way. Thus, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications might be made to the presently disclosed embodiments without departing from the full and fair scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Other aspects, features and advantages will be apparent upon an examination of the attached drawings and appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A cooling system for a machine comprising:
a radiator assembly including a radiator tank having formed therein a tank access port, an overflow port, and a plurality of coolant circulation ports, for connecting with a coolant circulation loop;
a recovery bottle;
a vent line fluidly connected with the recovery bottle;
the radiator assembly further including a cap coupled with the radiator tank to seal the tank access port, and a valve mechanism;
the valve mechanism including a valve body attached to the radiator tank and having formed therein an inlet fluidly connected with the overflow port, and an outlet fluidly connected with the recovery bottle by way of the vent line;
the valve mechanism further including a pressure relief valve positioned fluidly between the inlet and the outlet and having a first valve opening surface, and a coolant return valve positioned fluidly between the inlet and the outlet and having a second valve opening surface;
the first valve opening surface being exposed to a fluid pressure of the inlet, such that the pressure relief valve opens in response to a pressure drop from the inlet to the outlet, to convey coolant from the radiator tank to the recovery bottle;
the second valve opening surface being exposed to a fluid pressure of the outlet, such that the coolant return valve opens in response to a pressure drop from the outlet to the inlet, to convey coolant from the recovery bottle to the radiator tank; and
the valve mechanism further including a first biaser contacting the pressure relief valve and holding the pressure relief valve in a closed position, and a second biaser contacting the coolant return valve and holding the coolant return valve in a closed position.
2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a thermostat assembly including a recirculation valve, and a recirculation line extending between the recirculation valve and one of the plurality of coolant circulation ports.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the radiator tank defines a vertical axis, and wherein a first one of the plurality of coolant circulation ports is positioned vertically higher than a second one of the plurality of coolant circulation ports, and the recovery bottle includes a bottle inlet positioned vertically lower than the overflow port.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the overflow port is positioned vertically lower than the tank access port.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the cap includes a solid cap having an unperforated metallic body with a pressure side, and an ambient side, and a non-metallic sealing member sandwiched between the pressure side and the radiator tank.
6. (canceled)
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the valve body defines a longitudinal axis, and each of the pressure relief valve and the coolant return valve has a fixed angular orientation about the longitudinal axis.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein the pressure relief valve has a first valve opening pressure based at least in part upon a size of the first valve opening surface and a stiffness of the first biaser, and the coolant return valve has a second valve opening pressure based at least in part upon a size of the second valve opening surface and a stiffness of the second biaser, and wherein the first valve opening pressure is greater than the second valve opening pressure.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the pressure relief valve is movable in a first opening direction within the valve body and the coolant return valve is movable in a second opening direction within the valve body that is opposite to the first opening direction.
10. A radiator assembly comprising:
a radiator tank including an inner surface defining an internal fluid space, and an outer surface, and having formed therein a plurality of coolant circulation ports, a tank access port, and an overflow port;
a cap coupled with the radiator tank at the tank access port and blocking fluid flow through the tank access port;
a vent line;
a valve mechanism coupled with the radiator tank at the overflow port, and including a valve body having formed therein an inlet fluidly connected with the overflow port, and an outlet fluidly connected to the vent line to fluidly connect with a recovery bottle;
the valve mechanism further including a pressure relief valve having a first valve opening surface, and a coolant return valve having a second valve opening surface;
the valve mechanism being in a first state where the first valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the inlet, the second valve opening surface is exposed to a fluid pressure of the outlet and the valve mechanism inhibits fluid flow through the overflow port; and
the valve mechanism being adjustable to a second state to permit fluid flow through the overflow port by way of opening the pressure relief valve responsive to a pressure drop from the inlet to the outlet or to a third state to permit fluid flow through the overflow port by way of opening the coolant return valve in response to a pressure drop from the outlet to the inlet;
the radiator tank defining a vertical axis, and wherein a first one of the plurality of coolant circulation ports is positioned vertically higher than a second one of the plurality of coolant circulation ports; and
the overflow port being positioned vertically lower than the tank access port, and wherein the cap is attached to a top of the radiator tank and the valve body is attached to a side of the radiator tank such that the valve mechanism conveys coolant between the radiator tank and the vent line at the location that is vertically lower than the tank access port.
11. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the pressure relief valve is movable in a first opening direction within the valve body and the coolant return valve is movable in a second opening direction within the valve body that is opposite to the first opening direction.
12. The assembly of claim 11 wherein the pressure relief valve is nested with the coolant return valve.
13. The assembly of claim 12 further comprising a first biaser biasing the pressure relief valve toward a closed position, and a second biaser biasing the coolant return valve toward a closed position.
14. The assembly of claim 13 wherein the first biaser is held in compression between the pressure relief valve and the valve body, and the second biaser is held in compression between the coolant return valve and the pressure relief valve.
15. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the valve body defines a longitudinal axis extending between a first axial end and a second axial end, and wherein the inlet is formed in the first axial end and the outlet is formed in the second axial end.
16. The assembly of claim 15 wherein the valve body includes a connector located at the first axial end and including a first set of threads, and the radiator tank includes a second set of threads extending circumferentially around the overflow port and mated with the first set of threads, and wherein the valve body further includes a second connector located at the second axial end and having the outlet formed therein.
17. The assembly of claim 16 wherein the first set of threads include external threads, and wherein the connector has a tapered shape such that the first set of threads forms a tapered profile.
18. (canceled)
19. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the cap includes a solid cap having an unperforated metallic body with a pressure side, and an ambient side, and a non-metallic sealing member sandwiched between the pressure side and the radiator tank.
20. A method of operating a cooling system for a machine comprising:
conveying a coolant between a radiator and a coolant circulation loop structured to exchange heat with a machine;
increasing a temperature and a pressure of the coolant within the cooling system by way of the exchange of heat;
opening a pressure relief valve in a valve mechanism attached to a side of the radiator at an overflow port in response to the increase in pressure;
venting an excess volume of the coolant produced in response to the increase in temperature to a recovery bottle by way of the pressure relief valve;
decreasing the temperature and the pressure of the coolant such that a volume of the coolant is reduced;
opening a coolant return valve in the valve mechanism in response to the decrease in pressure;
returning coolant to the radiator by way of the coolant return valve; and
inhibiting leakage of coolant and air through a tank access port during the venting of the excess volume of coolant and the returning of the coolant to the radiator by way of a solid cap attached to a top of the radiator and fluidly sealing the tank access port.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/480,507 US20180292149A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2017-04-06 | Cooling system for machine having radiator assembly and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/480,507 US20180292149A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2017-04-06 | Cooling system for machine having radiator assembly and method |
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US20180292149A1 true US20180292149A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
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US15/480,507 Abandoned US20180292149A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2017-04-06 | Cooling system for machine having radiator assembly and method |
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US (1) | US20180292149A1 (en) |
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2017
- 2017-04-06 US US15/480,507 patent/US20180292149A1/en not_active Abandoned
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