US20170360973A1 - Electrochemical device for releasing ions - Google Patents
Electrochemical device for releasing ions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170360973A1 US20170360973A1 US15/533,160 US201515533160A US2017360973A1 US 20170360973 A1 US20170360973 A1 US 20170360973A1 US 201515533160 A US201515533160 A US 201515533160A US 2017360973 A1 US2017360973 A1 US 2017360973A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- electrodes
- electrochemical device
- electrochemical
- exposed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 18
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 carbon nanotubes Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008257 shaving cream Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000006877 Insect Bites and Stings Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002884 skin cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/14—Plasma, i.e. ionised gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B15/00—Other brushes; Brushes with additional arrangements
- A46B15/0002—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process
- A46B15/0016—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with enhancing means
- A46B15/0024—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with enhancing means with means generating ions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B15/00—Other brushes; Brushes with additional arrangements
- A46B15/0002—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process
- A46B15/0004—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with a controlling means
- A46B15/0008—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with a controlling means with means for controlling duration, e.g. time of brushing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B15/00—Other brushes; Brushes with additional arrangements
- A46B15/0002—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process
- A46B15/0016—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with enhancing means
- A46B15/0034—Arrangements for enhancing monitoring or controlling the brushing process with enhancing means with a source of radiation, e.g. UV, IR, LASER, X-ray for irradiating the teeth and associated surfaces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B9/00—Arrangements of the bristles in the brush body
- A46B9/02—Position or arrangement of bristles in relation to surface of the brush body, e.g. inclined, in rows, in groups
- A46B9/04—Arranged like in or for toothbrushes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C17/00—Devices for cleaning, polishing, rinsing or drying teeth, teeth cavities or prostheses; Saliva removers; Dental appliances for receiving spittle
- A61C17/16—Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices
- A61C17/20—Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices using ultrasonics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C17/00—Devices for cleaning, polishing, rinsing or drying teeth, teeth cavities or prostheses; Saliva removers; Dental appliances for receiving spittle
- A61C17/16—Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices
- A61C17/22—Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices with brushes, cushions, cups, or the like
- A61C17/32—Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices with brushes, cushions, cups, or the like reciprocating or oscillating
- A61C17/34—Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices with brushes, cushions, cups, or the like reciprocating or oscillating driven by electric motor
- A61C17/3409—Power-driven cleaning or polishing devices with brushes, cushions, cups, or the like reciprocating or oscillating driven by electric motor characterized by the movement of the brush body
- A61C17/3481—Vibrating brush body, e.g. by using eccentric weights
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/03—Electric current
- A61L2/035—Electrolysis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/0428—Specially adapted for iontophoresis, e.g. AC, DC or including drug reservoirs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/0428—Specially adapted for iontophoresis, e.g. AC, DC or including drug reservoirs
- A61N1/0432—Anode and cathode
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/26—Electromedical brushes; Electromedical massage devices ; Combs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
- A61N1/303—Constructional details
- A61N1/306—Arrangements where at least part of the apparatus is introduced into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/325—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
- A61N5/0624—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment for eliminating microbes, germs, bacteria on or in the body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
- B26B21/40—Details or accessories
- B26B21/405—Electric features; Charging; Computing devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
- B26B21/40—Details or accessories
- B26B21/4081—Shaving methods; Usage or wear indication; Testing methods
- B26B21/4087—Usage or wear indication
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4606—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for producing oligodynamic substances to disinfect the water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46176—Galvanic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
- A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
- A46B2200/1066—Toothbrush for cleaning the teeth or dentures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
- A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
- A46B2200/1066—Toothbrush for cleaning the teeth or dentures
- A46B2200/1073—Denture toothbrush, i.e. used for dentures specifically
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
- A61L2/0011—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using physical methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/10—Ultraviolet radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/11—Apparatus for generating biocidal substances, e.g. vaporisers, UV lamps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M2037/0007—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin having means for enhancing the permeation of substances through the epidermis, e.g. using suction or depression, electric or magnetic fields, sound waves or chemical agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/22—Electromedical belts, e.g. neck chains, armbands
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/322—Electromedical brushes, combs, massage devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/378—Electrical supply
- A61N1/3785—Electrical supply generated by biological activity or substance, e.g. body movement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/0601—Apparatus for use inside the body
- A61N5/0603—Apparatus for use inside the body for treatment of body cavities
- A61N2005/0606—Mouth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/0658—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used
- A61N2005/0661—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used ultraviolet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
- B26B21/08—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor involving changeable blades
- B26B21/14—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle
- B26B21/22—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle involving several blades to be used simultaneously
- B26B21/222—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle involving several blades to be used simultaneously with the blades moulded into, or attached to, a changeable unit
- B26B21/225—Safety razors with one or more blades arranged transversely to the handle involving several blades to be used simultaneously with the blades moulded into, or attached to, a changeable unit the changeable unit being resiliently mounted on the handle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/46135—Voltage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
- C02F2307/02—Location of water treatment or water treatment device as part of a bottle
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical device for releasing ions, comprising an electrical circuit comprising a first electrode and a second electrode adapted for providing a galvanic cell, when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte, and a boost converter adapted for amplifying a potential generated between the first and the second electrode.
- the present invention further relates to devices, such as a toothbrush or a shaver, adapted for being used in connection with a fluid, comprising such electrochemical device for releasing ions.
- Minerals and ions are extensively used and widely recognized for their positive effects on the human body. Minerals and ions may for example be used to prevent the formation of bacteria, viruses and fungal infections. The use of microcurrent are also know for purposes such as eliminating bacteria, stimulating cells of the human body or iontophoresis, which is transportation of ions in a medium and may be used for non-invasive delivery of medicine to the body. Additionally, light of various wavelengths are known to have various advantageous effects.
- Toothbrushes and shavers have been developed to include various functionalities based on electronics and internal power supplies.
- Electronic toothbrushes for example, may measure various parameters during brushing to improve brushing quality.
- Ionic toothbrushes incorporating a power source for controlling release of ions, and shavers incorporating battery powered vibration modules for improving shaving quality are other examples.
- a disadvantage related to these devices is the increase in complexity and thus, the cost of the devices.
- An object of the present invention is to provide simple devices that may help to improved quality of treatment and the health of the user.
- an electrochemical device comprising a first part and a second part, the first part comprising: a first and a second electrode adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the first and second electrode are exposed to an external fluid, the external fluid constituting an electrolyte; one or more electrochemical systems; the galvanic cell adapted to power, when in operation, the one or more electrochemical systems; the second part comprising a boost converter adapted for amplyfing a potential generated between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the external fluid is a fluid not comprised, i.e. not present in the electrochemical device.
- the external fluid may be an aqueous solution comprising salts.
- the external fluid may be a body fluid, such as sweat or saliva.
- the one or more electrochemical systems may be an electrolytic cell and/or an electric-powered device, such as a light emitting device.
- the one or more electrochemical system is an electric-powered device.
- the one or more electrochemical system are at least two electrochemical systems.
- the at least two electrochemical systems are an electrolytic cell and an electric powered device.
- the electric-powered device is a light emitting device or an ultrasound transducer, connected with an output side of the boost converter.
- the electrochemical device is an handheld device, wherein the first part is a handle portion for being held in the hand of a user, and the second part is a head portion adapted to be in contact with the external fluid.
- First and second electrode are located in the first part or head portion as, in order to power the electrochemical system, the galvanic cell and thus the first and second electrode need to be exposed to an external fluid.
- first and second electrode are thus adapted to be exposed to a fluid that is provided externally, i.e. from the outside of the electrochemical device and not comprised in the electrochemical device. Accordingly, first and second electrode may be either placed on the external surface of the first part or head portion so as to be exposed to an external fluid present onto the external surface of the first part or head portion.
- an electrochemical device for releasing ions comprising an electrical circuit comprising: a first electrode and a second electrode adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte, and a boost converter adapted for amplifying a potential generated between the first and the second electrode, wherein the electrical circuit further comprises a third electrode connected with an output side of the boost converter, the second and the third electrode, when exposed to the fluid constituting an electrolyte, being adapted for providing an electrolytic cell powered by the galvanic cell, whereby during the electrochemical processes in the galvanic cell and the electrolytic cell ions are released from one or more or the electrodes into the electrolyte.
- the one or more electrochemical system may be an electrolytic cell provided by a third electrode connected with an output side of the boost converter and the second electrode when exposed to the external fluid constituting an electrolyte, whereby when in operation ions are released from one or more of the first, second or third electrode into the external fluid constituting an electrolyte.
- first and second electrode As described for the first and second electrode, also the third electrode and the second electrode need to be exposed to an external fluid so as to provide an electrolytic cell.
- first, second and third electrode are located in the first part or head portion.
- first, second and third electrode are thus adapted to be exposed to a fluid that is provided externally, i.e. from the outside of the electrochemical device and not comprised in the electrochemical device. Accordingly, first, second and third electrode may be either placed on the external surface of the first part or on the head portion so as to be exposed to an external fluid present onto the external surface of the first part or head portion.
- a self-powering electrochemical device that is able to release ions, minerals and microcurrent.
- the electrochemical device may be implemented in a wide variety of products, some of which will be further described below.
- the galvanic cell and the integrated boost converter provides an output potential sufficient to power various electric-powered devices and the electrolytic process of an electrolytic cell.
- Ions and minerals may be used for various purposes, e.g. in relation to the human or animal body or for cleaning or disinfection purposes.
- a further result of the electrochemical process is that an electrical field is created between the electrodes. Such electrical field may be used in an iontophoresis process for transportation of the released ions. Iontophoresis may for example be used for transporting charged ions into the body.
- the first electrode may be a cathode electrode of the galvanic cell
- the third electrode may be a second cathode electrode of the electrolytic cell
- the second electrode may be a common anode electrode shared by the galvanic and the electrolytic cells.
- the first electrode is a cathode electrode of the galvanic cell
- said third electrode is a cathode electrode of the electrolytic cell
- the second electrode is a common anode electrode shared by the galvanic cell and the electrolytic cell.
- the third electrode may constitute a second anode electrode.
- the electrical circuit may comprise a fourth electrode constituting a second anode electrode connected with an output side of the boost converter.
- the fourth electrode may be a cathode.
- the first electrode may comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver, copper, lead, tin, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, zinc, manganese, graphene, carbon nanotubes or fullerenes.
- the second electrode may comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from lithium, rubidium, potassium, caesium, barium, strontium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, aluminium and tin.
- the third and fourth electrodes may comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from any of the above mentioned groups of materials.
- the first electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver, copper, graphite or graphene, such as carbon nanotubes
- the second electrode being the common anode electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from magnesium or zinc
- the third electrode being the second cathode electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver or copper.
- the electrical circuit of the electrochemical device may comprise a light emitting device or an ultrasound transducer connected with the output side of the boost converter.
- the light emitting device may be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum suitable for killing bacteria.
- the electric circuit may comprise other electric-powered devices, such as a loudspeaker, connected with the output side of the boost converter.
- the electrical circuit may also comprise both a light emitting device and an ultrasound transducer.
- the electrical circuit may comprise a timer-circuit for measuring time.
- the boost converter of the electrochemical device described above may comprise an inductor in the form of a toroidal core inductor comprising a toroidal core made from a ferromagnetic material, and a coil.
- the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a toothbrush, wherein the electrodes are provided on a brush head portion of the toothbrush and ions may be released from the electrodes into the oral cavity.
- the electric field created by the electrodes may have certain advantageous effects, such as facilitating transportation of released ions into e.g. the teeth.
- the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a shaver comprising a shaver head portion, wherein the electrodes are provided on the shaver head portion and ions may be released from the electrodes onto the skin.
- the electric field created by the electrodes may have certain advantageous effects, such as facilitating transportation of released ions into the skin.
- the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a bottle cap for a bottle or other type of container, wherein the electrodes are provided on an inner surface of the bottle cap and adapted for being exposed to a fluid in the bottle, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to the fluid, ions may be released from the electrodes into the fluid in the bottle.
- the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a water-cleaning device adapted for cleaning a fluid in a container, wherein the electrochemical device is arranged in a housing adapted for being at least partially submerged into a fluid, and wherein the electrodes are provided on an outer surface of the housing adapted for being submerged, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to the fluid, ions may be released from the electrodes into the fluid.
- the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a wound disinfection device for cleaning wounded skin, wherein the electrochemical device is arranged in a housing and the electrodes are provided on an exterior interface adapted for being pressed onto an area of a wounded skin, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to fluids in the wound area, ions are released from the electrodes into the fluids and the wound.
- the electric field created by the electrodes may have certain advantageous effects, such as facilitating transportation of released ions into the skin and wound.
- the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a light band comprising a plurality of light emitting device connected with the electrical circuit, wherein the electrodes are arranged on an inner surface of the light band adapted for coming into contact with the skin of a user whereby when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid on the skin, such as perspiration, the potential created by the galvanic element powers the light emitting devices and ions are released from the electrodes.
- the light band may comprise only the first and a second electrode arranged on the inner surface of the light band and adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the inner surface is exposed to a fluid, and the plurality of light emitting devices may be connected with an output side of the boost converter of the electrical circuit and thereby powered by the galvanic cell.
- a handheld device such as a toothbrush or a shaver, adapted for being used in connection with a fluid
- the handheld device comprising: a handle portion for being held in the hand of a user, a head portion provided with a functional unit, such as a brush assembly or a razor assembly, and an electrical circuit, wherein the head portion is provided with at least a first electrode and a second electrode adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the head portion is exposed to the fluid, the first electrode and the second electrode being connected with the electrical circuit comprising a boost converter adapted for amplifying a potential generated between the first and the second electrode, and wherein the handheld device further comprises an electric-powered device, such as a light emitting device, connected with an output side of the boost converter.
- an electric-powered device such as a light emitting device
- the first electrode may be a cathode electrode and the second electrode may be an anode electrode.
- the head portion may be provided with a third electrode connected with an output side of the boost converter, and the second and the third electrodes may be adapted for providing an electrolytic cell, when the head portion is exposed to the fluid.
- the third electrode may be a second cathode electrode or alternatively a second anode electrode.
- the first electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver, copper, graphite or graphene, such as carbon nanotubes
- the second electrode being a common anode electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from magnesium or zinc
- the third electrode being the second cathode electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver or copper.
- the electric-powered device may be a light emitting device, such as an LED or an ultrasound transducer adapted for transmitting pulses.
- the light emitting device may be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum suitable for killing bacteria.
- the handheld device may also comprise both a light emitting diode device and an ultrasound transducer.
- the electric-powered device may be a loudspeaker.
- the electrical circuit may comprises a timer-circuit for measuring time.
- the boost converter of the handheld device may comprise an inductor in the form of a toroidal core inductor comprising a toroidal core made from a ferromagnetic material, and a coil wound around the core.
- the first electrode may comprise gold, silver, copper graphite or graphene, such as carbon nanotubes or fullerenes, or a combination of these, and the second electrode may comprise magnesium or zinc. Further, the third electrode may comprise silver or copper.
- the handheld device is a toothbrush and the head portion is a brush head of the toothbrush.
- the handheld device is a dish brush and the head portion is a brush head of the dish brush.
- one or more of the electrodes may be incorporated in the brush assembly of toothbrush or the dish brush.
- the handheld device may be a shaver, wherein the head portion is a shaver head provided with one or more razor blades.
- FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are schematic diagrams of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 1D is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 2 a -2 c show different embodiments of a handheld device in the form of a toothbrush.
- FIG. 3 shows a brushing head of the toothbrush.
- FIGS. 4 a and 4 b show different embodiments of a handheld device in the form of a shaver.
- FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of a dish brush according to some embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic drawing of a water-cleaning device comprising an electrochemical device.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic drawing of a wound disinfection device comprising an electrochemical device.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-section of a bottle cap comprising an electrochemical device.
- FIG. 9 shows front- and backsides of a light band comprising an electrochemical device.
- FIG. 1A shows an electrochemical device 106 comprising comprising a first electrode 105 and a second electrode 104 connected to a boost converter 101 .
- the first and second electrodes being adapted for providing a galvanic cell 103 when the electrodes are exposed to an external fluid constituting an electrolyte of the galvanic cell.
- a potential (V in ) which may be determined an input potential, is generated between the electrodes.
- the input potential is amplified by the boost converter 101 to an output potential (V out ) delivered on an output side of the boost converter.
- the galvanic cell 103 in the first part of the electrochemical device, is adapted to power, when in operation, an electrochemical system 102 ; the boost converter 101 is adapted for amplyfing a potential generated between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- FIG. 1B shows an electrochemical device 107 comprising comprising a first electrode 109 and a second electrode 110 connected to a boost converter 113 providing the galvanic cell 108 .
- the electrochemical system powered by the galvanic cell 108 is the electrolytic cell 112 provided by a third electrode 111 connected with an output side of the boost converter 113 and the second electrode 110 when exposed to the external fluid constituting an electrolyte.
- FIG. 1C shows an electrochemical device 121 comprising a first electrode 119 and a second electrode 118 connected to a boost converter 114 .
- the galvanic cell 120 powers two electrochemical systems being an electrolytic cell 116 provided by the second electrode 118 and the third electrode 117 and an electric powered device 115 connected with an output side of the boost converter 114 .
- FIG. 1D shows an electrochemical device comprising an electrical circuit 14 comprising a first electrode 15 and a second electrode 16 connected to a boost converter 18 .
- the first and second electrodes being adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte of the galvanic cell.
- a potential (V in ) which may be determined an input potential, is generated between the electrodes.
- the input potential is amplified by the boost converter 16 to an output potential (V out ) delivered on an output side of the boost converter.
- the boost converter 18 is a DC-DC converter comprising an inductor 21 and a transistor T.
- the inductor comprises a core 22 and a coil 23 wound around the core.
- the coil comprises a primary winding connected with a collector terminal of the transistor T, and a secondary winding connected with a base terminal of the transistor via a resistor R.
- the boost converter 18 may also be denoted a switched-mode power supply or a blocking oscillator.
- the first electrode is connected to the inductor and the second electrode is connected with an emitter terminal of the transistor.
- the boost converter 18 hereby amplifies the potential between the first and second electrodes to an output potential, V out of approximately 3-15 V delivered as high frequency pulses.
- the output side of the boost converter is defined as the collector and emitter terminals of the transistor, and the output potential is the potential between the collector and emitter of the transistor. Details about the functionality of the boost converter should be readily understood by the skilled person. Further, the boost converter may also be constructed in other ways known to the skilled person, without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the output potential, V out delivered by the boost converter is used to power an electric-powered device 19 , such as a light emitting device, an ultrasound transducer or another type of electric powered device.
- an electric-powered device 19 such as a light emitting device, an ultrasound transducer or another type of electric powered device.
- the boost converter is able to amplify the potential created by the galvanic cell using tap water as an electrolyte to a level sufficient to drive a conventional light emitting diode, LED or an ultrasound transducer.
- a third electrode 17 connected with the output side of the boost converter 18 is provided as part of the electrical circuit. Together with the second electrode 16 , the third electrode 17 is adapted for providing an electrolytic cell, when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte of the electrolytic cell.
- the output potential, V out may generate an electrical current between the second and the third electrode, sufficient to drive an electrolytic process in the electrolytic cell.
- first electrode 15 constitutes the cathode and the second electrode 16 constitutes the anode of the galvanic cell.
- the first cathode electrode 15 may for example comprise gold, silver, copper, graphite or graphene, e.g. in the form of carbon nanotubes or fullerenes, or an alloy comprising one or more of these materials.
- the anode electrode 16 may comprise magnesium, zinc, or an alloy comprising one or more of these materials.
- an oxidation process takes place at the anode electrode whereby positive metal ions, such as magnesium ions, are released into the fluid.
- positive metal ions such as magnesium ions
- the cathode electrode a reduction reaction takes place as the electrodes are absorbed by positive ions.
- the cathode electrode may be considered the positive side and the anode electrode the negative side of a power supply.
- the electric potential created between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the galvanic cell is determined by the standard electrode potential of the electrode materials. Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes provides unique electrical properties and these may be used for the cathode electrode to increase the potential created between the electrodes.
- the maximum theoretical potential is about 2.4 V, but in practice the potential is somewhat lower and dependent on amongst others the temperature, ion concentration and resistance in the electrodes.
- the electrolytic reaction in the electrolytic cell is powered by the potential created in the galvanic cell.
- the electrolytic process may result in various metal ions such as copper ions or silver ions being released from the third electrode.
- magnesium or zinc or an alloy comprising these is chosen as the material for the second electrode and silver or copper or an alloy comprising these is chosen as the material for the third electrode.
- the third electrode With the third electrode connected to the positive side of the output side of the boost converter 18 , the third electrode will constitute a cathode electrode of the electrolytic cell.
- the second electrode constitutes a common anode shared by both the galvanic cell and the electrolytic cell.
- oxidation takes place at the anode and a reduction reaction takes places at the cathode.
- the reaction at the cathode electrode may result in the release of silver or copper ions, dependent on the material of the cathode electrode.
- the composition of the electrolyte may also influence the reactions at the electrodes and the associated release of ions. Accordingly, an electrolyte with specific properties may be used to achieve specific results.
- the electrode potential and concentration of ions in a solution has an impact on the reactions which takes place and which ions that are reduce and oxidised at the cathode and the anode, respectively.
- the handheld device comprises a handle portion 11 for being held in the hand of a user, and a head portion 12 extending from the handle portion. Further, the head portion is provided with a functional unit 13 , such as a brush assembly 13 a. A first electrode 15 and a second electrode 16 connected with an electrical circuit 14 are arranged on the head portion, adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the head portion in exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte. Finally, the handheld device comprises an electric-powered device 19 , such as a light emitting device 19 a, connected with the electrical circuit.
- FIG. 2 a shows a handheld device in the form of a toothbrush 1 a .
- the toothbrush comprising a handle portion 11 and a head portion in the form of a bush head 12 a provided with a functional unit in the form of a brush assembly 13 a.
- the toothbrush further comprises an electrical circuit 14 and electrodes 15 , 16 as described above.
- the electrodes are shown to be positioned at opposite sides of the head portion and connected to the remaining electrical circuit integrated in the handle portion 11 .
- the electric-powered device is a light emitting device 19 a which may comprise one or more light emitting diodes.
- the electrical circuit including the boost converter 18 and the electric-powered device may alternatively be integrated in the head portion or other parts of the toothbrush as envisaged by the skilled person.
- the electrodes in combination with an external fluid create a galvanic cell as described above.
- the galvanic cell powers the light emitting device 19 a via the boost converter 18 and light may be emitted.
- the light emitted may be used for both functional purposes and for guiding the user.
- the electrical circuit 14 is provided with a timer circuit (not shown) providing a timer function.
- the timer function measures the time the toothbrush has been used and may for example be activated when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid for the first time.
- the light emitting device emits a light of a specific colour, e.g.
- the light emitting device may also light up to indicate that the toothbrush is properly used or as a simple gimmick for stimulating use of the toothbrush.
- the electrical circuit and the light emitting device may be designed in such a way that the light emitting device only turns on during a fixed period starting from the first time the toothbrush is used. Hereby, the user may be notified when it is time to change the toothbrush.
- This functionality may for example be implemented by proper dimensioning of the size of the electrodes of the galvanic cell, such that the galvanic cell ceases to operate after a predetermined period of time.
- the light emitting device 19 may be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum and the light emitting device may be arranged at or near the head portion 12 .
- the ultra violet light may be used for killing bacteria either during use of the toothbrush or between uses.
- the light emitting device may also be adapted for emitting light having a whitening effect on the teeth.
- FIG. 2 b shows another embodiment which, compared to the embodiment of FIG. 2 a , additionally comprises a third electrode 17 .
- the third electrode may function as a second cathode as described above in connection with the electrochemical device.
- the electrolytic process may produce various ions such as copper ions or silver ions, which may have beneficial effects related to the teeth and mouth hygiene.
- copper and silver ions may be used to fight bacteria, viruses and fungal infections.
- creating negative ion, such as chloride ions or hydroxide ions may assist in removing plaque as plaque is boned to the teeth by positive ions.
- the potential created between the electrodes create an electrical field resulting in microcurrents flowing in the electrolyte and in other parts of the oral cavity, such as in the teeth. Such microcurrents may facilitate transportation of charged ions into the teeth and other parts of the oral cavity.
- FIG. 2 c shows another embodiment, which may in addition to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b , comprise an ultrasound transducer 19 b.
- the ultrasound transducer is arranged at the head portion and may be used for emitting vibrations in the form of ultrasound. Emitted wavelength may be determined based on the objects to be achieved. For example, ultrasound vibrations may be used to clean the teeth by removing plaque and other impurities.
- FIG. 3 shows a brush head 12 a, which may be a brush head of the previous disclosed embodiments.
- the brush head comprises a brush assembly 13 a comprising a plurality of brushes 131 .
- the electrodes may be incorporated in the bush assembly in the form of brushes 131 .
- the toothbrush may be designed and manufactured in such a way that the brush head 12 a constitutes an exchangeable and disposable part, which can be changed more frequently than the remaining parts of the toothbrush. For example, it may be advantageous to be able to change the brush head, if one or more electrodes has to be replaced. Additionally, by providing an exchangeable brush head the total live cycle cost and the carbon footprint of a toothbrush may be reduced.
- FIG. 4 a shows a handheld device in the form of a shaver 1 c .
- the shaver 1 c comprising a handle portion 11 and a head portion in the form of a shaver head 12 c provided with one or more razor blades 13 c.
- the shaver further comprises an electrical circuit 14 and electrodes 15 , 16 as described above in connection with the toothbrush.
- the electrodes are shown to be positioned at opposite sides of the head portion and connected to the remaining electrical circuit integrated in the handle portion 11 .
- the electric-powered device is a light emitting device 19 a , which may comprise one or more light emitting diodes.
- the electrical circuit including the boost converter 18 and the electric-powered device may also be integrated in the head portion or other parts of the toothbrush as envisaged by the skilled person.
- the galvanic cell powers the light emitting device 19 a via the boost converter 18 and light may be emitted.
- the light emitted may be used for both functional purposes and for guiding the user.
- the electrical circuit 14 may be provided with a timer circuit (not shown) providing a timer function as described above.
- the light emitting device may also light up to indicate that the shaver is properly used or for other purposes envisaged by the skilled person.
- the light emitting device 19 may also be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum.
- the electrical circuit and the light emitting device may be designed in such a way that the light emitting device only turns on during a fixed period starting from the first time of use of the shaver or a shaver head.
- the user may be notified when it is time to change the shaver or the shaver head.
- This functionality may for example be implemented by dimensioning of the size of the electrodes in such a way that the galvanic cell ceases to operate after a predetermined period.
- FIG. 4 b shows another embodiment of a shaver which, compared to the embodiment of FIG. 4 a , additionally comprises a third electrode 17 .
- a shaver When using the shaver in connection with water, moisture on the skin and/or shaving cream an electrolytic cell and associated electrolytic reaction as described above may be created. Also as described above, the electrolytic process may produce various ions and microcurrents, which may have beneficial effects related to the skin.
- the shaver may be designed and manufactured in such a way that the shaver head 12 c constitutes an exchangeable and disposable part, which can be changed more frequently than the remaining parts of the shaver. This may for obvious reasons be advantageous, if one or more electrodes needs replacement before the remaining shaver components.
- the shaver may also be provided with an ultrasound transducer (not shown) or other vibration module adapted for emitting vibrations. Vibrating a shaver head is a known method form improving shaving quality. According to the present invention, a vibration module may be powered by a galvanic cell using shaving cream, water and/or skin moisture as an electrolyte.
- FIG. 5 shows a handheld device in the form of a dish brush.
- the dish brush comprises a handle portion 11 and a head portion in the form of a bush head 12 b provided with a functional unit in the form of a brush assembly 13 b.
- the dish brush further comprises an electrical circuit 14 as indicated by the dotted square and first and second electrodes 15 , 16 shown to be incorporated in the brush assembly.
- the electrodes 15 , 16 may also be incorporated in other parts of the brush head 12 b as described in connection with the toothbrush embodiments.
- the electrical circuit may be fully or partly integrated in the handle portion.
- the electrical circuit comprises an electric-powered device in the form of a light emitting device 19 a, which may comprise one or more light emitting diodes.
- the light emitting device may be arrange either in connection with the head portion or the handle portion.
- the dish brush may further comprise an ultrasound transducer (not shown) or other vibration module adapted for emitting vibrations. Vibrations may be used for removing dirt or other substances, which are especially difficult to rinse off, such as burned or dried foodstuff.
- the ultrasound transducer or vibration module may be selectively activated by the user of simply activated when the dish brush is exposed to a fluid.
- the electrical circuit 14 is provided with a temperature sensor (not shown) for measuring a temperature of the water used in connection with the dish brush.
- the temperature sensor monitors the temperature and informs the user via the light emitting device when the temperature is below or above a predefined temperature threshold. This may be done by a change in colour of the light emitted.
- the electrical circuit may be provided with a timer function for measuring how long the dish brush has been used.
- the dish brush may also incorporate features and functions mentioned in relation to the toothbrush embodiments.
- the light emitting device 19 may be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum and the light emitting device may be arranged in such a way that emitted light reaches the brush assembly 13 b.
- the ultra violet light may be used for killing bacteria during use or between uses of the dish brush.
- FIG. 6 shows a water-cleaning device 3 submerged in a container containing water or possibly another fluid.
- the water-cleaning device integrates the electrochemical device 1 as described above, and the electrical circuit 14 is arranged in a housing 31 .
- the housing is adapted for being submerged in water and the electrodes 15 , 16 , 17 of the electrochemical device are provided on an outer surface 32 of the housing.
- the galvanic and electrolytic reactions described above are initiated.
- ions may be released from the electrodes into the water, which may help to kill bacteria, clean the water or enrich the water with beneficial ions and minerals.
- FIG. 7 shows a wound disinfection device for cleaning wounded skin, such as an insect bite.
- the wound disinfection device integrates the electrochemical device 1 as described above, and the electrical circuit 14 is arranged in a housing 41 .
- the electrodes are provided on an exterior interface 42 of the housing adapted for being pressed onto an area of a wounded skin. When the electrodes are exposed to fluids in the wound area, ions and microcurrent may be released from the electrodes into the fluids and the wound.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-section of a bottle cap 5 for being mounted on a bottle.
- the bottle cap comprises a flange 52 for being mounted on a bottle or other containers (not shown) and a fluid passage 53 through which fluid may flow from the bottle.
- the bottle cap further comprises the electrochemical device 1 as described above, with the electrodes mounted in the fluid passage on an inner surface 51 of the bottle cap.
- the electrodes are exposed to fluids flowing from the bottle.
- ions may be released into the water, which may help to kill bacteria, clean the water or enrich the water with beneficial ions and minerals.
- FIG. 9 shows front- and backsides of a light band 6 , which may be a headband or an armband adapted for being worn around the head, arm or other parts of the body.
- the light band may also be integrated in other wearable garments.
- the light band comprises the electrochemical device 1 described above and a plurality of light emitting devices 19 a arranged on an outer surface 61 of the light band.
- the light emitting devices 19 a are electrically connected with the electrical circuit 14 and the boost converter 18 .
- the electrodes 15 , 16 , 17 are arranged on an inner surface 62 of the light band adapted for coming into contact with the skin of a user.
- the electrodes are exposed to fluids on the skin, such as perspiration, the light emitting devices are powered by the galvanic cell and ions may be released from the electrodes to the skin.
- the handheld device may for example also be a mobile phone or tablet, in which the galvanic cell in combination with the boost converter may be used as a backup power source or as a source for charging batteries.
- the invention also relates to the following items:
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Brushes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an electrochemical device for releasing ions, comprising an electrical circuit comprising a first electrode and a second electrode adapted for providing a galvanic cell, when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte, and a boost converter adapted for amplifying a potential generated between the first and the second electrode. The present invention further relates to devices, such as a toothbrush or a shaver, adapted for being used in connection with a fluid, comprising such electrochemical device for releasing ions.
- Minerals and ions are extensively used and widely recognized for their positive effects on the human body. Minerals and ions may for example be used to prevent the formation of bacteria, viruses and fungal infections. The use of microcurrent are also know for purposes such as eliminating bacteria, stimulating cells of the human body or iontophoresis, which is transportation of ions in a medium and may be used for non-invasive delivery of medicine to the body. Additionally, light of various wavelengths are known to have various advantageous effects.
- In recent years, we have seen that many traditional products have been redesigned or upgraded with the purpose of improving or contributing in a positive way to the health of the user. Various devices used in everyday life, such as toothbrushes or shavers, are often low-cost, expendable devices with basic functionalities. Possibilities for improving the functionality of such devices are often restricted by the need for keeping manufacturing costs as low as possible. Improvements may be directed to the direct functionality of the device, e.g. by providing new health improving functionalities, or more indirectly by improving the user experience and thereby increasing compliance and correct use.
- Toothbrushes and shavers have been developed to include various functionalities based on electronics and internal power supplies. Electronic toothbrushes for example, may measure various parameters during brushing to improve brushing quality. Ionic toothbrushes incorporating a power source for controlling release of ions, and shavers incorporating battery powered vibration modules for improving shaving quality are other examples. A disadvantage related to these devices is the increase in complexity and thus, the cost of the devices.
- A need exists for improving the functionality of everyday devices without considerable increasing product complexity and cost. Further, it may be advantageous to integrate health stimulation functionalities, such as ion or mineral release, into devices used extensively in everyday life.
- An object of the present invention is to provide simple devices that may help to improved quality of treatment and the health of the user.
- In particular, it may be seen as a further object of the present invention to provide devices that are able to release ions, minerals and/or microcurrent during use, and that are relatively inexpensive to produce.
- Still further, it may be seen as an object of the present invention to provide everyday devices incorporating an electrical circuit powered without the need for an integrated power source, such as a battery.
- Thus, the above described object and several other objects are intended to be obtained in a first aspect of the invention by providing an electrochemical device, comprising a first part and a second part, the first part comprising: a first and a second electrode adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the first and second electrode are exposed to an external fluid, the external fluid constituting an electrolyte; one or more electrochemical systems; the galvanic cell adapted to power, when in operation, the one or more electrochemical systems; the second part comprising a boost converter adapted for amplyfing a potential generated between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- The external fluid is a fluid not comprised, i.e. not present in the electrochemical device.
- The external fluid may be an aqueous solution comprising salts.
- The external fluid may be a body fluid, such as sweat or saliva.
- The one or more electrochemical systems may be an electrolytic cell and/or an electric-powered device, such as a light emitting device.
- Thus, in some embodiments the one or more electrochemical system is an electric-powered device.
- In some other embodiments, the one or more electrochemical system are at least two electrochemical systems.
- In some further embodiments, the at least two electrochemical systems are an electrolytic cell and an electric powered device.
- In some embodiments, the electric-powered device is a light emitting device or an ultrasound transducer, connected with an output side of the boost converter.
- In some embodiments, the electrochemical device is an handheld device, wherein the first part is a handle portion for being held in the hand of a user, and the second part is a head portion adapted to be in contact with the external fluid.
- First and second electrode are located in the first part or head portion as, in order to power the electrochemical system, the galvanic cell and thus the first and second electrode need to be exposed to an external fluid.
- The first and second electrode are thus adapted to be exposed to a fluid that is provided externally, i.e. from the outside of the electrochemical device and not comprised in the electrochemical device. Accordingly, first and second electrode may be either placed on the external surface of the first part or head portion so as to be exposed to an external fluid present onto the external surface of the first part or head portion.
- Thus, the above described object and several other objects are intended to be obtained in a first embodiment of the invention by providing an electrochemical device for releasing ions, comprising an electrical circuit comprising: a first electrode and a second electrode adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte, and a boost converter adapted for amplifying a potential generated between the first and the second electrode, wherein the electrical circuit further comprises a third electrode connected with an output side of the boost converter, the second and the third electrode, when exposed to the fluid constituting an electrolyte, being adapted for providing an electrolytic cell powered by the galvanic cell, whereby during the electrochemical processes in the galvanic cell and the electrolytic cell ions are released from one or more or the electrodes into the electrolyte.
- Thus, in some embodiments the one or more electrochemical system may be an electrolytic cell provided by a third electrode connected with an output side of the boost converter and the second electrode when exposed to the external fluid constituting an electrolyte, whereby when in operation ions are released from one or more of the first, second or third electrode into the external fluid constituting an electrolyte.
- As described for the first and second electrode, also the third electrode and the second electrode need to be exposed to an external fluid so as to provide an electrolytic cell. Thus first, second and third electrode are located in the first part or head portion.
- The first, second and third electrode are thus adapted to be exposed to a fluid that is provided externally, i.e. from the outside of the electrochemical device and not comprised in the electrochemical device. Accordingly, first, second and third electrode may be either placed on the external surface of the first part or on the head portion so as to be exposed to an external fluid present onto the external surface of the first part or head portion.
- Hereby, a self-powering electrochemical device that is able to release ions, minerals and microcurrent is provided. The electrochemical device may be implemented in a wide variety of products, some of which will be further described below. The galvanic cell and the integrated boost converter provides an output potential sufficient to power various electric-powered devices and the electrolytic process of an electrolytic cell. Hereby, by choosing suitable materials for the electrodes, ions and minerals with beneficial properties may be released by the device. Ions and minerals may be used for various purposes, e.g. in relation to the human or animal body or for cleaning or disinfection purposes. A further result of the electrochemical process is that an electrical field is created between the electrodes. Such electrical field may be used in an iontophoresis process for transportation of the released ions. Iontophoresis may for example be used for transporting charged ions into the body.
- In one embodiment of the electrochemical device the first electrode may be a cathode electrode of the galvanic cell, the third electrode may be a second cathode electrode of the electrolytic cell, and the second electrode may be a common anode electrode shared by the galvanic and the electrolytic cells. In some embodiments, the first electrode is a cathode electrode of the galvanic cell, said third electrode is a cathode electrode of the electrolytic cell, and the second electrode is a common anode electrode shared by the galvanic cell and the electrolytic cell.
- In another embodiment the third electrode may constitute a second anode electrode. Further, the electrical circuit may comprise a fourth electrode constituting a second anode electrode connected with an output side of the boost converter.
- In some embodiments, the fourth electrode may be a cathode.
- In addition, the first electrode may comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver, copper, lead, tin, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, zinc, manganese, graphene, carbon nanotubes or fullerenes. The second electrode may comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from lithium, rubidium, potassium, caesium, barium, strontium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, aluminium and tin. The third and fourth electrodes may comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from any of the above mentioned groups of materials.
- In the embodiment wherein the first electrode is the first cathode electrode, the first electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver, copper, graphite or graphene, such as carbon nanotubes, the second electrode being the common anode electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from magnesium or zinc, and the third electrode being the second cathode electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver or copper.
- Additionally, the electrical circuit of the electrochemical device may comprise a light emitting device or an ultrasound transducer connected with the output side of the boost converter. Hereby, light and pulses with associated advantageous effect may be released from the device. Further, the light emitting device may be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum suitable for killing bacteria.
- As an alternative or supplement to the light emitting device or an ultrasound transducer, the electric circuit may comprise other electric-powered devices, such as a loudspeaker, connected with the output side of the boost converter. The electrical circuit may also comprise both a light emitting device and an ultrasound transducer. Also, the electrical circuit may comprise a timer-circuit for measuring time.
- The boost converter of the electrochemical device described above may comprise an inductor in the form of a toroidal core inductor comprising a toroidal core made from a ferromagnetic material, and a coil.
- According to a further embodiment of the invention, the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a toothbrush, wherein the electrodes are provided on a brush head portion of the toothbrush and ions may be released from the electrodes into the oral cavity. Further, the electric field created by the electrodes may have certain advantageous effects, such as facilitating transportation of released ions into e.g. the teeth.
- According to a still further embodiment of the invention, the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a shaver comprising a shaver head portion, wherein the electrodes are provided on the shaver head portion and ions may be released from the electrodes onto the skin. Further, the electric field created by the electrodes may have certain advantageous effects, such as facilitating transportation of released ions into the skin.
- According to a still further embodiment of the invention, the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a bottle cap for a bottle or other type of container, wherein the electrodes are provided on an inner surface of the bottle cap and adapted for being exposed to a fluid in the bottle, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to the fluid, ions may be released from the electrodes into the fluid in the bottle.
- According to a still further embodiment of the invention, the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a water-cleaning device adapted for cleaning a fluid in a container, wherein the electrochemical device is arranged in a housing adapted for being at least partially submerged into a fluid, and wherein the electrodes are provided on an outer surface of the housing adapted for being submerged, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to the fluid, ions may be released from the electrodes into the fluid.
- According to a still further embodiment of the invention, the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a wound disinfection device for cleaning wounded skin, wherein the electrochemical device is arranged in a housing and the electrodes are provided on an exterior interface adapted for being pressed onto an area of a wounded skin, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to fluids in the wound area, ions are released from the electrodes into the fluids and the wound. Further, the electric field created by the electrodes may have certain advantageous effects, such as facilitating transportation of released ions into the skin and wound.
- According to a still further embodiment of the invention, the above-described electrochemical device may be incorporated in a light band comprising a plurality of light emitting device connected with the electrical circuit, wherein the electrodes are arranged on an inner surface of the light band adapted for coming into contact with the skin of a user whereby when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid on the skin, such as perspiration, the potential created by the galvanic element powers the light emitting devices and ions are released from the electrodes.
- Alternatively, the light band may comprise only the first and a second electrode arranged on the inner surface of the light band and adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the inner surface is exposed to a fluid, and the plurality of light emitting devices may be connected with an output side of the boost converter of the electrical circuit and thereby powered by the galvanic cell.
- The above described object and several other objects may also be obtained in another embodiment of the invention by providing a handheld device, such as a toothbrush or a shaver, adapted for being used in connection with a fluid, the handheld device comprising: a handle portion for being held in the hand of a user, a head portion provided with a functional unit, such as a brush assembly or a razor assembly, and an electrical circuit, wherein the head portion is provided with at least a first electrode and a second electrode adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the head portion is exposed to the fluid, the first electrode and the second electrode being connected with the electrical circuit comprising a boost converter adapted for amplifying a potential generated between the first and the second electrode, and wherein the handheld device further comprises an electric-powered device, such as a light emitting device, connected with an output side of the boost converter.
- According to one embodiment of the handheld device, the first electrode may be a cathode electrode and the second electrode may be an anode electrode. Further, the head portion may be provided with a third electrode connected with an output side of the boost converter, and the second and the third electrodes may be adapted for providing an electrolytic cell, when the head portion is exposed to the fluid. Additionally, the third electrode may be a second cathode electrode or alternatively a second anode electrode.
- In the embodiment of the handheld device wherein the first electrode is a first cathode electrode, the first electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver, copper, graphite or graphene, such as carbon nanotubes, the second electrode being a common anode electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from magnesium or zinc, and the third electrode being the second cathode electrode may preferably comprise materials or a combination of materials chosen from gold, silver or copper.
- Further, the electric-powered device may be a light emitting device, such as an LED or an ultrasound transducer adapted for transmitting pulses. In addition, the light emitting device may be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum suitable for killing bacteria. The handheld device may also comprise both a light emitting diode device and an ultrasound transducer. In addition, the electric-powered device may be a loudspeaker. Furthermore, the electrical circuit may comprises a timer-circuit for measuring time.
- Still further, the boost converter of the handheld device may comprise an inductor in the form of a toroidal core inductor comprising a toroidal core made from a ferromagnetic material, and a coil wound around the core.
- In one embodiment of the handheld device described above, the first electrode may comprise gold, silver, copper graphite or graphene, such as carbon nanotubes or fullerenes, or a combination of these, and the second electrode may comprise magnesium or zinc. Further, the third electrode may comprise silver or copper.
- In one embodiment, the handheld device is a toothbrush and the head portion is a brush head of the toothbrush. In another embodiment, the handheld device is a dish brush and the head portion is a brush head of the dish brush. Further, one or more of the electrodes may be incorporated in the brush assembly of toothbrush or the dish brush.
- Alternatively, the handheld device may be a shaver, wherein the head portion is a shaver head provided with one or more razor blades.
- Further embodiments, advantages and features of the present invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the dependent claims, the description and the accompanying drawings.
- The first and other aspects and/or embodiments of the present invention may each be combined with any of the other aspects and/or embodiments. These and other aspects and/or embodiments of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
- The electrochemical device and the handheld device according to the invention will now be described in more detail with regard to the accompanying figures. The figures show one way of implementing the present invention and is not to be construed as being limiting to other possible embodiments falling within the scope of the attached claim set.
-
FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are schematic diagrams of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the invention. -
FIG. 1D is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the invention. -
FIG. 2a-2c show different embodiments of a handheld device in the form of a toothbrush. -
FIG. 3 shows a brushing head of the toothbrush. -
FIGS. 4a and 4b show different embodiments of a handheld device in the form of a shaver. -
FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of a dish brush according to some embodiments of the invention. -
FIG. 6 shows a schematic drawing of a water-cleaning device comprising an electrochemical device. -
FIG. 7 shows a schematic drawing of a wound disinfection device comprising an electrochemical device. -
FIG. 8 shows a cross-section of a bottle cap comprising an electrochemical device. -
FIG. 9 shows front- and backsides of a light band comprising an electrochemical device. -
FIG. 1A shows anelectrochemical device 106 comprising comprising afirst electrode 105 and asecond electrode 104 connected to aboost converter 101. The first and second electrodes being adapted for providing agalvanic cell 103 when the electrodes are exposed to an external fluid constituting an electrolyte of the galvanic cell. When theelectrodes boost converter 101 to an output potential (Vout) delivered on an output side of the boost converter. - The
galvanic cell 103, in the first part of the electrochemical device, is adapted to power, when in operation, anelectrochemical system 102; theboost converter 101 is adapted for amplyfing a potential generated between the first electrode and the second electrode. -
FIG. 1B shows anelectrochemical device 107 comprising comprising afirst electrode 109 and asecond electrode 110 connected to aboost converter 113 providing thegalvanic cell 108. - In the
electrochemical device 107, the electrochemical system powered by thegalvanic cell 108 is theelectrolytic cell 112 provided by athird electrode 111 connected with an output side of theboost converter 113 and thesecond electrode 110 when exposed to the external fluid constituting an electrolyte. -
FIG. 1C shows anelectrochemical device 121 comprising afirst electrode 119 and asecond electrode 118 connected to aboost converter 114. - In the
electrochemical device 121, thegalvanic cell 120 powers two electrochemical systems being anelectrolytic cell 116 provided by thesecond electrode 118 and thethird electrode 117 and an electricpowered device 115 connected with an output side of theboost converter 114. -
FIG. 1D shows an electrochemical device comprising anelectrical circuit 14 comprising afirst electrode 15 and asecond electrode 16 connected to aboost converter 18. The first and second electrodes being adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte of the galvanic cell. When theelectrodes boost converter 16 to an output potential (Vout) delivered on an output side of the boost converter. - The
boost converter 18 is a DC-DC converter comprising aninductor 21 and a transistor T. The inductor comprises acore 22 and acoil 23 wound around the core. The coil comprises a primary winding connected with a collector terminal of the transistor T, and a secondary winding connected with a base terminal of the transistor via a resistor R. Theboost converter 18 may also be denoted a switched-mode power supply or a blocking oscillator. The first electrode is connected to the inductor and the second electrode is connected with an emitter terminal of the transistor. Theboost converter 18 hereby amplifies the potential between the first and second electrodes to an output potential, Vout of approximately 3-15 V delivered as high frequency pulses. The output side of the boost converter is defined as the collector and emitter terminals of the transistor, and the output potential is the potential between the collector and emitter of the transistor. Details about the functionality of the boost converter should be readily understood by the skilled person. Further, the boost converter may also be constructed in other ways known to the skilled person, without departing from the scope of the invention. - The output potential, Vout delivered by the boost converter is used to power an electric-powered
device 19, such as a light emitting device, an ultrasound transducer or another type of electric powered device. Subject to the materials chosen for the electrodes, the boost converter is able to amplify the potential created by the galvanic cell using tap water as an electrolyte to a level sufficient to drive a conventional light emitting diode, LED or an ultrasound transducer. - Still referring to
FIG. 1D , athird electrode 17 connected with the output side of theboost converter 18 is provided as part of the electrical circuit. Together with thesecond electrode 16, thethird electrode 17 is adapted for providing an electrolytic cell, when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte of the electrolytic cell. The output potential, Vout may generate an electrical current between the second and the third electrode, sufficient to drive an electrolytic process in the electrolytic cell. - Depending on the electrode material and the constituents of the fluid used as an electrolyte, various reactions may take place. According to one embodiment, materials for the electrodes are chosen such that the
first electrode 15 constitutes the cathode and thesecond electrode 16 constitutes the anode of the galvanic cell. Thefirst cathode electrode 15 may for example comprise gold, silver, copper, graphite or graphene, e.g. in the form of carbon nanotubes or fullerenes, or an alloy comprising one or more of these materials. Theanode electrode 16 may comprise magnesium, zinc, or an alloy comprising one or more of these materials. - When the electrodes are exposed to the electrolyte, an oxidation process takes place at the anode electrode whereby positive metal ions, such as magnesium ions, are released into the fluid. During the oxidation reaction electrodes are freed and these travel to the
first electrode 15 or the cathode electrode via the electrical circuit. At the cathode electrode, a reduction reaction takes place as the electrodes are absorbed by positive ions. Hereby the cathode electrode may be considered the positive side and the anode electrode the negative side of a power supply. - The electric potential created between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the galvanic cell is determined by the standard electrode potential of the electrode materials. Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes provides unique electrical properties and these may be used for the cathode electrode to increase the potential created between the electrodes. The maximum theoretical potential is about 2.4 V, but in practice the potential is somewhat lower and dependent on amongst others the temperature, ion concentration and resistance in the electrodes.
- As described above the electrolytic reaction in the electrolytic cell is powered by the potential created in the galvanic cell. Again, dependent on the materials chosen for the electrodes, the electrolytic process may result in various metal ions such as copper ions or silver ions being released from the third electrode.
- According to one embodiment, magnesium or zinc or an alloy comprising these is chosen as the material for the second electrode and silver or copper or an alloy comprising these is chosen as the material for the third electrode. With the third electrode connected to the positive side of the output side of the
boost converter 18, the third electrode will constitute a cathode electrode of the electrolytic cell. In this exemplary embodiment the second electrode constitutes a common anode shared by both the galvanic cell and the electrolytic cell. During the electrolytic reaction oxidation takes place at the anode and a reduction reaction takes places at the cathode. Further, the reaction at the cathode electrode may result in the release of silver or copper ions, dependent on the material of the cathode electrode. - The composition of the electrolyte may also influence the reactions at the electrodes and the associated release of ions. Accordingly, an electrolyte with specific properties may be used to achieve specific results. In general the electrode potential and concentration of ions in a solution has an impact on the reactions which takes place and which ions that are reduce and oxidised at the cathode and the anode, respectively.
- Referring to
FIG. 2-5 , a handheld device according to the invention will be described in further detail below. The handheld device comprises ahandle portion 11 for being held in the hand of a user, and ahead portion 12 extending from the handle portion. Further, the head portion is provided with afunctional unit 13, such as abrush assembly 13 a. Afirst electrode 15 and asecond electrode 16 connected with anelectrical circuit 14 are arranged on the head portion, adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the head portion in exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte. Finally, the handheld device comprises an electric-powereddevice 19, such as alight emitting device 19 a, connected with the electrical circuit. -
FIG. 2a shows a handheld device in the form of atoothbrush 1 a. The toothbrush comprising ahandle portion 11 and a head portion in the form of abush head 12 a provided with a functional unit in the form of abrush assembly 13 a. The toothbrush further comprises anelectrical circuit 14 andelectrodes handle portion 11. The electric-powered device is a light emittingdevice 19 a which may comprise one or more light emitting diodes. The electrical circuit including theboost converter 18 and the electric-powered device may alternatively be integrated in the head portion or other parts of the toothbrush as envisaged by the skilled person. - When the toothbrush is used, the electrodes in combination with an external fluid, i.e. water, saliva and/or toothpaste create a galvanic cell as described above. The galvanic cell powers the
light emitting device 19 a via theboost converter 18 and light may be emitted. The light emitted may be used for both functional purposes and for guiding the user. In one embodiment theelectrical circuit 14 is provided with a timer circuit (not shown) providing a timer function. The timer function measures the time the toothbrush has been used and may for example be activated when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid for the first time. When the electrodes are exposed to the fluid the light emitting device emits a light of a specific colour, e.g. red, and after a predetermined period, for example 2 minutes, the light emitted changes colour, e.g. to green. The user is thereby informed about how long the toothbrush has been used. The light emitting device may also light up to indicate that the toothbrush is properly used or as a simple gimmick for stimulating use of the toothbrush. Additionally, the electrical circuit and the light emitting device may be designed in such a way that the light emitting device only turns on during a fixed period starting from the first time the toothbrush is used. Hereby, the user may be notified when it is time to change the toothbrush. This functionality may for example be implemented by proper dimensioning of the size of the electrodes of the galvanic cell, such that the galvanic cell ceases to operate after a predetermined period of time. - In another embodiment, the
light emitting device 19 may be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum and the light emitting device may be arranged at or near thehead portion 12. The ultra violet light may be used for killing bacteria either during use of the toothbrush or between uses. The light emitting device may also be adapted for emitting light having a whitening effect on the teeth. -
FIG. 2b shows another embodiment which, compared to the embodiment ofFIG. 2a , additionally comprises athird electrode 17. The third electrode may function as a second cathode as described above in connection with the electrochemical device. Hereby, an electrolytic cell is created when the toothbrush is exposed to a fluid and an electrolytic process may take place. The electrolytic process may produce various ions such as copper ions or silver ions, which may have beneficial effects related to the teeth and mouth hygiene. For example, copper and silver ions may be used to fight bacteria, viruses and fungal infections. Additionally, creating negative ion, such as chloride ions or hydroxide ions may assist in removing plaque as plaque is boned to the teeth by positive ions. Further, the potential created between the electrodes create an electrical field resulting in microcurrents flowing in the electrolyte and in other parts of the oral cavity, such as in the teeth. Such microcurrents may facilitate transportation of charged ions into the teeth and other parts of the oral cavity. -
FIG. 2c shows another embodiment, which may in addition to the embodiments shown inFIGS. 2a and 2b , comprise anultrasound transducer 19 b. The ultrasound transducer is arranged at the head portion and may be used for emitting vibrations in the form of ultrasound. Emitted wavelength may be determined based on the objects to be achieved. For example, ultrasound vibrations may be used to clean the teeth by removing plaque and other impurities. -
FIG. 3 shows abrush head 12 a, which may be a brush head of the previous disclosed embodiments. The brush head comprises abrush assembly 13 a comprising a plurality ofbrushes 131. As shown, the electrodes may be incorporated in the bush assembly in the form ofbrushes 131. - Further, the toothbrush may be designed and manufactured in such a way that the
brush head 12 a constitutes an exchangeable and disposable part, which can be changed more frequently than the remaining parts of the toothbrush. For example, it may be advantageous to be able to change the brush head, if one or more electrodes has to be replaced. Additionally, by providing an exchangeable brush head the total live cycle cost and the carbon footprint of a toothbrush may be reduced. -
FIG. 4a shows a handheld device in the form of a shaver 1 c. The shaver 1 c comprising ahandle portion 11 and a head portion in the form of ashaver head 12 c provided with one ormore razor blades 13 c. The shaver further comprises anelectrical circuit 14 andelectrodes handle portion 11. The electric-powered device is a light emittingdevice 19 a, which may comprise one or more light emitting diodes. The electrical circuit including theboost converter 18 and the electric-powered device may also be integrated in the head portion or other parts of the toothbrush as envisaged by the skilled person. - When the shaver is used the electrodes come into contact with water, shaving cream and/or moisture on the skin thereby creating a galvanic cell according to the principles described above. The galvanic cell powers the
light emitting device 19 a via theboost converter 18 and light may be emitted. The light emitted may be used for both functional purposes and for guiding the user. Theelectrical circuit 14 may be provided with a timer circuit (not shown) providing a timer function as described above. The light emitting device may also light up to indicate that the shaver is properly used or for other purposes envisaged by the skilled person. As is also described above in relation to the toothbrush, thelight emitting device 19 may also be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum. Additionally, the electrical circuit and the light emitting device may be designed in such a way that the light emitting device only turns on during a fixed period starting from the first time of use of the shaver or a shaver head. Hereby, the user may be notified when it is time to change the shaver or the shaver head. This functionality may for example be implemented by dimensioning of the size of the electrodes in such a way that the galvanic cell ceases to operate after a predetermined period. -
FIG. 4b shows another embodiment of a shaver which, compared to the embodiment ofFIG. 4a , additionally comprises athird electrode 17. When using the shaver in connection with water, moisture on the skin and/or shaving cream an electrolytic cell and associated electrolytic reaction as described above may be created. Also as described above, the electrolytic process may produce various ions and microcurrents, which may have beneficial effects related to the skin. Further, the shaver may be designed and manufactured in such a way that theshaver head 12 c constitutes an exchangeable and disposable part, which can be changed more frequently than the remaining parts of the shaver. This may for obvious reasons be advantageous, if one or more electrodes needs replacement before the remaining shaver components. - In one embodiment the shaver may also be provided with an ultrasound transducer (not shown) or other vibration module adapted for emitting vibrations. Vibrating a shaver head is a known method form improving shaving quality. According to the present invention, a vibration module may be powered by a galvanic cell using shaving cream, water and/or skin moisture as an electrolyte.
- Consequently, no external or integrated power supply, such as a battery, is needed.
-
FIG. 5 shows a handheld device in the form of a dish brush. The dish brush comprises ahandle portion 11 and a head portion in the form of a bush head 12 b provided with a functional unit in the form of a brush assembly 13 b. The dish brush further comprises anelectrical circuit 14 as indicated by the dotted square and first andsecond electrodes electrodes light emitting device 19 a, which may comprise one or more light emitting diodes. The light emitting device may be arrange either in connection with the head portion or the handle portion. - The dish brush may further comprise an ultrasound transducer (not shown) or other vibration module adapted for emitting vibrations. Vibrations may be used for removing dirt or other substances, which are especially difficult to rinse off, such as burned or dried foodstuff. The ultrasound transducer or vibration module may be selectively activated by the user of simply activated when the dish brush is exposed to a fluid.
- When the dish brush is used in combination with water or other fluids a galvanic cell is created according to principles described earlier. The galvanic cell powers the
light emitting device 19 a, and possible also the vibration module. The light emitted may be used for both functional purposes and for guiding the user. In one embodiment theelectrical circuit 14 is provided with a temperature sensor (not shown) for measuring a temperature of the water used in connection with the dish brush. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature and informs the user via the light emitting device when the temperature is below or above a predefined temperature threshold. This may be done by a change in colour of the light emitted. Additionally, the electrical circuit may be provided with a timer function for measuring how long the dish brush has been used. The dish brush may also incorporate features and functions mentioned in relation to the toothbrush embodiments. - In another embodiment, the
light emitting device 19 may be adapted for emitting light in the ultra violet spectrum and the light emitting device may be arranged in such a way that emitted light reaches the brush assembly 13 b. The ultra violet light may be used for killing bacteria during use or between uses of the dish brush. -
FIG. 6 shows a water-cleaningdevice 3 submerged in a container containing water or possibly another fluid. The water-cleaning device integrates theelectrochemical device 1 as described above, and theelectrical circuit 14 is arranged in ahousing 31. The housing is adapted for being submerged in water and theelectrodes -
FIG. 7 shows a wound disinfection device for cleaning wounded skin, such as an insect bite. The wound disinfection device integrates theelectrochemical device 1 as described above, and theelectrical circuit 14 is arranged in ahousing 41. The electrodes are provided on anexterior interface 42 of the housing adapted for being pressed onto an area of a wounded skin. When the electrodes are exposed to fluids in the wound area, ions and microcurrent may be released from the electrodes into the fluids and the wound. -
FIG. 8 shows a cross-section of abottle cap 5 for being mounted on a bottle. The bottle cap comprises aflange 52 for being mounted on a bottle or other containers (not shown) and afluid passage 53 through which fluid may flow from the bottle. The bottle cap further comprises theelectrochemical device 1 as described above, with the electrodes mounted in the fluid passage on aninner surface 51 of the bottle cap. Hereby, the electrodes are exposed to fluids flowing from the bottle. When the electrodes are exposed to the fluid, ions may be released into the water, which may help to kill bacteria, clean the water or enrich the water with beneficial ions and minerals. -
FIG. 9 shows front- and backsides of alight band 6, which may be a headband or an armband adapted for being worn around the head, arm or other parts of the body. The light band may also be integrated in other wearable garments. The light band comprises theelectrochemical device 1 described above and a plurality of light emittingdevices 19 a arranged on anouter surface 61 of the light band. Thelight emitting devices 19 a are electrically connected with theelectrical circuit 14 and theboost converter 18. Theelectrodes inner surface 62 of the light band adapted for coming into contact with the skin of a user. Hereby, when the electrodes are exposed to fluids on the skin, such as perspiration, the light emitting devices are powered by the galvanic cell and ions may be released from the electrodes to the skin. - Although the present invention has been described in connection with the specified embodiments, it should not be construed as being in any way limited to the presented examples. The handheld device may for example also be a mobile phone or tablet, in which the galvanic cell in combination with the boost converter may be used as a backup power source or as a source for charging batteries.
- The scope of the present invention is set out by the accompanying claim set. In the context of the claims, the terms “comprising” or “comprises” do not exclude other possible elements or steps. Also, the mentioning of references such as “a” or “an” etc. should not be construed as excluding a plurality. The use of reference signs in the claims with respect to elements indicated in the figures shall also not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Furthermore, individual features mentioned in different claims, may possibly be advantageously combined, and the mentioning of these features in different claims does not exclude that a combination of features is not possible and advantageous.
- Items
- The invention also relates to the following items:
-
- 1. An electrochemical device (1) for releasing ions, comprising an electrical circuit (14) comprising:
- a first electrode (15) and a second electrode (16) adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid constituting an electrolyte, and
- a boost converter (18) adapted for amplifying a potential (Vin) generated between the first electrode and the second electrode,
- wherein the electrical circuit further comprises a third electrode (17) connected with an output side of the boost converter, the second electrode and the third electrode, when exposed to the fluid constituting an electrolyte, being adapted for providing an electrolytic cell powered by the galvanic cell, whereby during the electrochemical processes in the galvanic cell and the electrolytic cell ions may be released from one or more or the electrodes into the electrolyte.
- 2. An electrochemical device according to
item 1, wherein the first electrode is a cathode electrode (15) of the galvanic cell, the third electrode is a cathode electrode of the electrolytic cell, and the second electrode is a common anode electrode (16) shared by the galvanic cell and the electrolytic cell. - 3. An electrochemical device according to
item 1 or 2, wherein electrical circuit further comprises a light emitting device (19 a) or an ultrasound transducer (19 b), connected with an output side of the boost converter. - 4. An electrochemical device according to any of the previous items, wherein the boost converter comprises an inductor (21) in the form of a toroidal core inductor comprising a toroidal core (22) made from a ferromagnetic material, and a coil (23) wound around the toroidal core.
- 5. An electrochemical device according to any of the previous items, wherein the first electrode comprises graphene, such as carbon nanotubes or fullerenes, the anode electrode comprises magnesium or zinc, and the third electrode comprises silver or copper.
- 6. A toothbrush (1 a) comprising the electrochemical device as described in any of the items 1-5, wherein the electrodes are provided on a brush head portion (12 a) of the toothbrush, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid in the oral cavity, ions may be released from the electrodes into the oral cavity.
- 7. A shaver (1 c) comprising the electrochemical device as described in any of the items 1-5, wherein the electrodes are provided on a shaver head portion (12 c) of the shaver, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to a fluid on the skin, ions may be released from the electrodes onto the skin.
- 8. A bottle cap (5) for being mounted on a bottle, comprising the electrochemical device as described in any of the items 1-5, wherein the electrodes are provided on an inner surface (51) of the bottle cap arranged for being exposed to a fluid in the bottle, whereby ions may be released from the electrodes into the fluid, when the fluid passes the electrodes.
- 9. A water-cleaning device (3) adapted for cleaning water in a container, the water-cleaning device comprising the electrochemical device as described in any of the claim items 1-5 arranged in a housing (31) adapted for being at least partially submerged in water, wherein the electrodes are provided on an outer surface (32) of the housing adapted for being submerged, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to water, ions may be released from the electrodes into the water.
- 10. A wound disinfection device (4) for cleaning wounded skin, comprising an electrochemical device as described in any of the items 1-5 arranged in a housing (41), wherein the electrodes are provided on an exterior interface (42) adapted for being pressed onto an area of a wounded skin, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to fluids in the wound area, ions may be released from the electrodes into the fluids and the wound.
- 11. A handheld device (2), such as a toothbrush or a shaver, adapted for being used in connection with a fluid, comprising:
- a handle portion (11) for being held in the hand of a user,
- a head portion (12) provided with a functional unit (13), such as a brush assembly or a razor assembly, and
- an electrical circuit (14),
- wherein the head portion is provided with at least a first electrode (15) and a second electrode (16) adapted for providing a galvanic cell when the head portion is exposed to the fluid, the first electrode and the second electrode being connected with the electrical circuit comprising a boost converter (18) adapted for amplifying a potential (Vin) generated between the first and the second electrode, and wherein the handheld device further comprises an electric-powered device (19), such as a light emitting device (19 a), connected with an output side of the boost converter.
- 12. A handheld device according to
item 11, wherein the first electrode is a cathode electrode (15) and the second electrode is an anode electrode (16) of the galvanic cell. - 13. A handheld device according to
item - 14. A handheld device according to any of the items 11-13, wherein the handheld device is a toothbrush (1 a) and the head portion is a brush head (12 a) of the toothbrush.
- 15. A handheld device according to any of the items 11-14, wherein the head portion is provided with a third electrode (17) connected with an output side of the boost converter, and the second and the third electrodes are adapted for providing an electrolytic cell when the head portion is exposed to the fluid.
- 1. An electrochemical device (1) for releasing ions, comprising an electrical circuit (14) comprising:
- The invention also relates to the following items and embodiments according to the first aspect of the invention and its embodiments:
-
- 16. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein the first electrode comprises graphene, such as carbon nanotubes or fullerenes, the second electrode comprises magnesium or zinc, and said third electrode comprises silver or copper.
- 17. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein the electrochemical device is a toothbrush and wherein the first, second and third electrodes are provided on a brush head portion of the toothbrush, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to the external fluid in the oral cavity, ions may be released from the electrodes into the oral cavity.
- 18. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein the electrochemical device is a shaver and wherein the first, second and third electrodes are provided on a shaver head portion of the shaver, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to the external fluid on the skin, ions may be released from the electrodes onto the skin.
- 19. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein said electrochemical device is a bottle cap for being mounted on a bottle and wherein said first, second and third electrodes are provided on an inner surface of said bottle cap arranged for being exposed to said external fluid in said bottle, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to said external fluid in said bottle, ions may be released from the electrodes into said external fluid in said bottle.
- 20. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein said electrochemical device is a water-cleaning device adapted for cleaning water in a container, wherein said first, second and third electrodes are arranged in a housing adapted for being at least partially submerged in water, wherein said first, second and third electrodes are provided on an outer surface of said housing adapted for being submerged, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to said external fluid, such as water, ions may be released from the electrodes into said external fluid.
- 21. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein said electrochemical device is a wound disinfection device for cleaning wounded skin, wherein said first, second and third electrodes are arranged in a housing and wherein said first, second and third electrodes are provided on an exterior interface adapted for being pressed onto an area of a wounded skin, whereby when the electrodes are exposed to said external fluids located in the wound area, ions may be released from the electrodes into said external fluids in the wound area.
- 22. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein said electric-powered device is a light emitting device, connected with an output side of said boost converter.
- 23. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, further comprising an electrical circuit;
- wherein said handheld device is adapted for being used in connection with said external fluid, wherein said head portion is provided with a functional unit, wherein said head portion is provided with at least said first electrode and said second electrode adapted for providing said galvanic cell when said head portion is exposed to said external fluid, said first electrode and said second electrode being connected with said electrical circuit comprising said boost converter adapted for amplifying a potential (Vin) generated between said first and said second electrode, and wherein said handheld device further comprises said electric-powered device, such as a light emitting device, connected with an output side of said boost converter.
- 24. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein said functional unit is a brush assembly or a razor assembly.
- 25. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein the electric-powered device is a light emitting device or and ultrasound transducer adapted for transmitting pulses.
- 26. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein said handheld device is a toothbrush and said head portion is a brush head of the toothbrush.
- 27. An electrochemical device according to first aspect of the invention and its embodiments, wherein said head portion is provided with said third electrode connected with an output side of said boost converter, and said second and said third electrodes are adapted for providing an electrolytic cell when said head portion is exposed to said external fluid.
Claims (21)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP14196595 | 2014-12-05 | ||
EP14196595.4 | 2014-12-05 | ||
PCT/EP2015/078782 WO2016087675A2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-07 | An electrochemical device for releasing ions |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2015/078782 A-371-Of-International WO2016087675A2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-07 | An electrochemical device for releasing ions |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/035,426 Division US11433152B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2020-09-28 | Electrochemical device for releasing ions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20170360973A1 true US20170360973A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
Family
ID=52015931
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/533,160 Abandoned US20170360973A1 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-07 | Electrochemical device for releasing ions |
US17/035,426 Active US11433152B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2020-09-28 | Electrochemical device for releasing ions |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/035,426 Active US11433152B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2020-09-28 | Electrochemical device for releasing ions |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20170360973A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3226964B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6684279B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR102450062B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107404997B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2015356992A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2976674C (en) |
DK (1) | DK3226964T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2707065T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1247060A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3226964T3 (en) |
TR (1) | TR201900896T4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016087675A2 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170209692A1 (en) * | 2015-03-29 | 2017-07-27 | Benzion Levi | Oral electrical cleaning device |
US20180369567A1 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-12-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Implement |
US20180369566A1 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-12-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Implement |
US20180368565A1 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-12-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Implement |
US20190110876A1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-04-18 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Device with Sacrificial Electrode |
CN112336489A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-09 | 慈溪赛嘉电子有限公司 | Electric toothbrush device |
US20210235860A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-08-05 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Device |
US11116617B2 (en) * | 2018-12-16 | 2021-09-14 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care agent dispensing system |
US11304789B2 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2022-04-19 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral cavity treatment device and kit |
US11382413B2 (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2022-07-12 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care implement |
WO2022248259A1 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-12-01 | Prodan Marian | Equipment for ionization of water in continuous flow with metallic ions of gold, silver, magnesium and zinc |
US11812845B2 (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2023-11-14 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Ionic toothbrush |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106943675A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-07-14 | 鑑道生命科技有限公司 | It is a kind of to be used to improve the electromagnetic wave device of body local microcirculation |
KR102041923B1 (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2019-11-07 | 여흥수 | Toothbrush |
AU2019286260B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2022-05-12 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care device |
CN109095568B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-05-04 | 云南龙镁环境科技有限公司 | Electrolytic catalytic oxidation sewage treatment device |
JP6568295B1 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-08-28 | 株式会社レーベン | Weak current cooking utensils and weak current eating utensils |
CN111036892A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-21 | 青岛可健可康负离子技术有限公司 | Method for preparing oxygen negative ion emission needle by metal metallurgy method and negative ion generator |
JP2022067883A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-05-09 | トライポッド・デザイン株式会社 | Device and energization method |
KR102596325B1 (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2023-10-31 | 주식회사 프록시헬스케어 | Electric toothbrush for companion animal |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030011458A1 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-16 | Custom One Design, Inc. | Planar inductors and method of manufacturing thereof |
US7349733B2 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2008-03-25 | Ceramatel, Inc. | Iontophoretic drug delivery systems |
US20130026031A1 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2013-01-31 | Pancurak Frantisek | Container for activation of drinkable liquids |
US20130071805A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-21 | Alexander Franz Doll | Oral care devices having automatic mode selection |
Family Cites Families (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5445408Y2 (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1979-12-26 | ||
JPS59137132U (en) * | 1983-03-03 | 1984-09-13 | フクバデンタル株式会社 | electric potential toothbrush |
US4726806A (en) * | 1984-08-14 | 1988-02-23 | Hiroshi Hukuba | Electric tooth-brush |
US4726826A (en) | 1987-07-17 | 1988-02-23 | The M. W. Kellogg Company | Method for partial condensation of hydrocarbon gas mixtures |
US5162043A (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1992-11-10 | Alza Corporation | Iontophoretic delivery device |
WO1992010113A1 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Newvice | Tooth brush |
JP3139782B2 (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 2001-03-05 | 生田 稔郎 | Magnetic ion toothbrush |
JPH1190456A (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 1999-04-06 | Abe Takuma | Alkaline ion water production and alkaline ion water producing apparatus |
JP2001190336A (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-07-17 | Richter Corporation:Kk | Brush |
JP2001190445A (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-07-17 | Richter Corporation:Kk | Washing device |
US6421561B1 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2002-07-16 | Birch Point Medical, Inc. | Rate adjustable drug delivery system |
JP2002282219A (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-10-02 | Toshio Chiba | Intracorporeal capsule |
JP2003250636A (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-09 | Fukui Shigeaki | Toothbrush and hairbrush |
JP2004105937A (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-08 | Hamamoto Yasuo | Method of ameliorating sewage by electricity |
US7479133B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2009-01-20 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Methods of treating acne and rosacea with galvanic generated electricity |
EP1673139A2 (en) * | 2003-09-10 | 2006-06-28 | Power Paper Ltd. | Disposable electric bandage |
JP4642422B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2011-03-02 | ライオン株式会社 | Oral cleaning tool |
US8156602B2 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2012-04-17 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Generating a chemical agent in situ |
KR101512513B1 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2015-04-17 | 이용식 | Cosmetic container having iontophoresis introduction function |
JP3154457U (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2009-10-22 | 洋二 早川 | Spray device using water environment battery |
KR20110048149A (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-11 | 이용식 | Vessel with iontophoresis device using metal ionization tendency |
KR200467410Y1 (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-06-12 | (주)아모레퍼시픽 | Massage device for face |
DE102012203194A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-05 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Electrochemical energy storage or energy conversion device of a galvanic cell with electrochemical half cells comprising a suspension of fullerene and ionic liquid |
WO2015136701A1 (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | 田中 哲夫 | Power supply device utilizing beverage container |
JP2017170342A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-09-28 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | Sterilizer |
-
2015
- 2015-12-07 AU AU2015356992A patent/AU2015356992A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-07 CA CA2976674A patent/CA2976674C/en active Active
- 2015-12-07 DK DK15813722.4T patent/DK3226964T3/en active
- 2015-12-07 EP EP15813722.4A patent/EP3226964B1/en active Active
- 2015-12-07 CN CN201580075706.7A patent/CN107404997B/en active Active
- 2015-12-07 JP JP2017529837A patent/JP6684279B2/en active Active
- 2015-12-07 TR TR2019/00896T patent/TR201900896T4/en unknown
- 2015-12-07 WO PCT/EP2015/078782 patent/WO2016087675A2/en active Application Filing
- 2015-12-07 KR KR1020217026696A patent/KR102450062B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-12-07 PL PL15813722T patent/PL3226964T3/en unknown
- 2015-12-07 KR KR1020177018500A patent/KR102327346B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-12-07 ES ES15813722T patent/ES2707065T3/en active Active
- 2015-12-07 US US15/533,160 patent/US20170360973A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2018
- 2018-05-25 HK HK18106806.1A patent/HK1247060A1/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-09-28 US US17/035,426 patent/US11433152B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030011458A1 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-16 | Custom One Design, Inc. | Planar inductors and method of manufacturing thereof |
US7349733B2 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2008-03-25 | Ceramatel, Inc. | Iontophoretic drug delivery systems |
US20130026031A1 (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2013-01-31 | Pancurak Frantisek | Container for activation of drinkable liquids |
US20130071805A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-21 | Alexander Franz Doll | Oral care devices having automatic mode selection |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170209692A1 (en) * | 2015-03-29 | 2017-07-27 | Benzion Levi | Oral electrical cleaning device |
US10201701B2 (en) * | 2015-03-29 | 2019-02-12 | Home Skinovations Ltd. | Oral electrical cleaning device |
US20190110876A1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2019-04-18 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Device with Sacrificial Electrode |
US10932893B2 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2021-03-02 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care device with sacrificial electrode |
US20210169624A1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2021-06-10 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Device with Sacrificial Electrode |
US11382413B2 (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2022-07-12 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care implement |
US20180369567A1 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-12-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Implement |
US20180369566A1 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-12-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Implement |
US20180368565A1 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-12-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Implement |
US10561232B2 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2020-02-18 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care implement |
US10639467B2 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2020-05-05 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care implement |
US11071854B2 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2021-07-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care implement |
US20210235860A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-08-05 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral Care Device |
US11786034B2 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2023-10-17 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care device |
US11116617B2 (en) * | 2018-12-16 | 2021-09-14 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care agent dispensing system |
US11304789B2 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2022-04-19 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral cavity treatment device and kit |
US11812845B2 (en) | 2020-06-15 | 2023-11-14 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Ionic toothbrush |
CN112336489A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-09 | 慈溪赛嘉电子有限公司 | Electric toothbrush device |
WO2022248259A1 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-12-01 | Prodan Marian | Equipment for ionization of water in continuous flow with metallic ions of gold, silver, magnesium and zinc |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20210107905A (en) | 2021-09-01 |
ES2707065T3 (en) | 2019-04-02 |
CA2976674C (en) | 2023-08-22 |
TR201900896T4 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
HK1247060A1 (en) | 2018-09-21 |
EP3226964A2 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
CN107404997B (en) | 2020-07-24 |
KR102450062B1 (en) | 2022-10-04 |
KR102327346B1 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
US20210060194A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
US11433152B2 (en) | 2022-09-06 |
CA2976674A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
PL3226964T3 (en) | 2019-06-28 |
EP3226964B1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
JP2017537704A (en) | 2017-12-21 |
WO2016087675A3 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
AU2015356992A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
CN107404997A (en) | 2017-11-28 |
DK3226964T3 (en) | 2019-02-18 |
JP6684279B2 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
KR20170093199A (en) | 2017-08-14 |
WO2016087675A2 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11433152B2 (en) | Electrochemical device for releasing ions | |
CN207949926U (en) | Oral cavity electric power cleaning device | |
JP4642422B2 (en) | Oral cleaning tool | |
EP3847999B1 (en) | Oral care device with sacrificial electrode | |
US20170209692A1 (en) | Oral electrical cleaning device | |
JP2015163091A (en) | toothbrush | |
CN203815352U (en) | Toothbrush cup with toothbrush sterilizing and disinfecting function | |
JP2015211917A (en) | toothbrush |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NORWEGIAN INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY GROUP AS, NORWAY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SAUE, VIDAR;REEL/FRAME:042618/0049 Effective date: 20150710 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GIDEON AS, NORWAY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NORWEGIAN INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY GROUP AS;REEL/FRAME:042712/0992 Effective date: 20170201 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NMR TECHNOLOGY AS, NORWAY Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:GIDEON AS;REEL/FRAME:042739/0001 Effective date: 20170524 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |