US20160062117A1 - Virtual image display device - Google Patents
Virtual image display device Download PDFInfo
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- US20160062117A1 US20160062117A1 US14/781,745 US201314781745A US2016062117A1 US 20160062117 A1 US20160062117 A1 US 20160062117A1 US 201314781745 A US201314781745 A US 201314781745A US 2016062117 A1 US2016062117 A1 US 2016062117A1
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- virtual image
- portable terminal
- combiner
- unit
- display device
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Images
Classifications
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
- B60R11/0229—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof for displays, e.g. cathodic tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R11/02—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof
- B60R11/0229—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof for displays, e.g. cathodic tubes
- B60R11/0235—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for for radio sets, television sets, telephones, or the like; Arrangement of controls thereof for displays, e.g. cathodic tubes of flat type, e.g. LCD
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- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R2011/0001—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position
- B60R2011/0003—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by position inside the vehicle
- B60R2011/0035—Sun visors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R2011/0042—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means
- B60R2011/0049—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means for non integrated articles
- B60R2011/005—Connection with the vehicle part
- B60R2011/0059—Connection with the vehicle part using clips, clamps, straps or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R2011/0042—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means
- B60R2011/008—Adjustable or movable supports
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R2300/00—Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle
- B60R2300/20—Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle characterised by the type of display used
- B60R2300/205—Details of viewing arrangements using cameras and displays, specially adapted for use in a vehicle characterised by the type of display used using a head-up display
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- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
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- G02B2027/0127—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the depth of field
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- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature
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- G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
- G02B2027/0154—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features with movable elements
- G02B2027/0159—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features with movable elements with mechanical means other than scaning means for positioning the whole image
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- G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
- G02B2027/0161—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features characterised by the relative positioning of the constitutive elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technology for displaying a virtual image.
- Patent Reference-1 discloses an information display device capable of being installed in a vehicle to function as a head-up display. It also functions as a portable information display device when it is detached from the vehicle. The information display device according to Patent Reference-1 inverses the image for displaying on the display screen when detecting that it is used as a head-up display.
- Patent Reference-1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-open under No. 2001-333351
- the information display device is a machine specialized in the display as the portable information display device and the display as the head-up display. In contrast, it could be convenient to configure a head-up display by using the display of a portable terminal such as a mobile phone which the user has.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a virtual image display device capable of displaying a virtual image by use of a portable terminal.
- One invention is a virtual image display device including: a holding unit configured to detachably hold a portable terminal equipped with a display surface for displaying an image; a combiner configured to reflect light of the image to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image; and a base unit connected to the holding unit and the combiner.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a virtual image display system according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of a portable terminal.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration of the portable terminal.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a side view of a virtual image display device where the portable terminal is installed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the virtual image display device where the portable terminal is installed.
- FIG. 6 is a side view of the portable terminal held by a portable terminal holding unit when the holder 75 is inverted.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a state before and after removing the portable terminal.
- FIG. 8A is a front view of the portable terminal displaying a guide image in accordance with type information
- FIG. 8B illustrates a virtual image seen by a user through a combiner.
- FIG. 9 is a side view of the virtual image display system illustrating a positional relationship among the display, the combiner and the virtual image.
- FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a positional relationship among an object point, the combiner, and the virtual image.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a graph indicating a relationship between distance “a” and distance “b” in a case that the curvature radius of the reflection surface of the combiner is constant.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a graph indicating a relationship between the distance “b” and the curvature radius r of the combiner in a case that the distance “a” is constant.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example of eyesight of a driver including the combiner.
- FIG. 14A is a front view of the portable terminal in a state that the vehicle is leant in the counterclockwise direction by a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 14B is a display example of the virtual image seen through the combiner.
- FIG. 15 is a side view of a virtual image display device in a stored state according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a side view of a virtual image display device displaying the virtual image according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 17A is a side view of the virtual image display device in a case that a reflection unit is rotated in the counterclockwise direction by approximately 90°.
- FIG. 17B is a side view of the virtual image display device after rotating the reflection unit and the portable terminal holding unit in the counterclockwise direction by approximately 45°.
- FIG. 18 is a side view of the virtual image display device according to a second modification.
- FIG. 19 is a side view of the virtual image display device according to a third modification.
- FIG. 20 is a side view of the virtual image display device provided on a dashboard.
- FIG. 21 is a side view of the virtual image display device according to an eighth modification.
- a virtual image display device including: a holding unit configured to detachably hold a portable terminal equipped with a display surface for displaying an image; a combiner configured to reflect light of the image to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image; and a base unit connected to the holding unit and the combiner.
- the above virtual image display device includes a holding unit, a combiner, and abase unit.
- the holding unit is configured to detachably hold a portable terminal equipped with a display surface for displaying an image.
- the combiner is configured to reflect light of the image to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image.
- the base unit is connected to the holding unit and the combiner.
- the virtual image display device is configured to detachably hold the portable terminal and use the portable terminal as a light source.
- the virtual image display device can preferably let the observer visually recognize a virtual image by using the portable terminal which the observer has.
- the base unit is connected to a ceiling part of a vehicle or an attachment unit configured to be attached to a sun visor on the ceiling part.
- the base unit includes a connecting member configured to rotatably connect the base unit to the attachment unit.
- the holding unit holds the portable terminal in a state that a normal line of the display surface passes above a center point of a reflection surface of the combiner. According to this mode, the portable terminal is preferably held to broaden the clearance around the head of the observer.
- the combiner has a concave reflection surface whose curvature becomes gradually larger at a position closer to a bottom of the combiner and farther from a top of the combiner. According to this mode, it is possible to prevent the top of the virtual image from being displayed to be shorter in width than the bottom of the virtual image even when the display surface of the portable terminal is directed above the center point of the combiner. Additionally, it is possible to let the observer visually recognize the whole virtual image with a proper feeling of distance.
- the curvature of the reflection surface gradually varies so that image formation distance of the virtual image corresponding to the bottom of the combiner is longer than the image formation distance of the virtual image corresponding to the top of the combiner.
- the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the combiner and to the observer.
- This mode enables the observer to preferably operate the portable terminal whose display surface faces the observer.
- the holding unit is connected to the base unit to be configured to change distance between the holding unit and the combiner. According to this mode, it is possible to adjust the clearance of the head of the observer.
- the virtual image display device further includes a sending unit configured to send information on a type of the virtual image display device used for the portable terminal to switch a display mode of the image displayed on the display surface, and the sending unit sends the information on the type to the portable terminal at a time when distance between the holding unit and the portable terminal is equal to or shorter than a predetermined distance.
- the virtual image display device according to this mode enables the portable terminal to determine the display mode of the guide image so that the observer can properly see the virtual image.
- the virtual image display device includes a reflection unit connected to the base unit to reflect the light of the image displayed on the display surface of the portable terminal to the combiner, wherein the holding unit holds and directs the display surface of the portable terminal to the reflection unit. According to this mode, the virtual image display device can prevent the virtual image from being displayed in a horizontally inverse state to the image displayed by the portable terminal.
- the holding unit holds the display surface of the portable terminal in substantially parallel with the base unit.
- the virtual image display device can preferably generate the clearance around the head of the observer.
- the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the reflection unit and to the observer.
- This mode enables the observer to preferably operate the portable terminal whose display surface faces the observer.
- the reflection unit is connected to the base unit to be configured to rotate in the same direction as rotational direction of the holding unit, and the holding unit rotates together with the reflection unit within a predetermined angle range of a rotatable range of the reflection unit.
- the combiner is connected to the base unit to be configured to change distance from the combiner to the observer. According to this mode, the observer can preferably adjust the position and/or the size of the virtual image.
- a light shielding member configured to block out or decay natural light coming against direction in which the virtual image is visually recognized by the observer. According to this mode, the virtual image display device can preferably let the observer visually recognize the virtual image even when the amount of the light outputted by the portable terminal is smaller than the amount of the natural light.
- rotation herein includes both of the clockwise rotation and the counterclockwise rotation, whose range of movement (angle range) may not be limited.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a virtual image display system according to the first embodiment.
- the system includes a portable terminal 100 equipped with a display 110 , and a virtual image display device 200 configured to let an observer visually recognize the display on the display 110 of the portable terminal 100 as a virtual image Iv.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of the driving seat in a vehicle and the driver sits on the seat in the vehicle. Over the head of the driver, there is provided a roof (plate) 27 which constitutes the outline of the vehicle and a ceiling board 28 thereunder which constitutes the inner decoration of the vehicle. In front of the driver, there is provided a front window 25 of the vehicle.
- the portable terminal 100 is a portable device such as a smart phone and an iPad (a registered trademark) for example, and is held by the virtual image display device 200 in such a state that the display 110 is directed to the front window 25 . Then, the portable terminal 100 displays on the display 110 an image (referred to as “guide image Im”) indicating information such as a map near the present position and a route to a destination in order to support the driving.
- guide image Im an image indicating information such as a map near the present position and a route to a destination in order to support the driving.
- the virtual image display device 200 is provided in a diagonally upper forward direction with respect to the driver, and detachably holds the portable terminal 100 .
- the virtual image display device 200 mainly includes a base unit 3 , a combiner 5 , a portable terminal holding unit 7 , arms 8 and a clip unit 9 .
- the base unit 3 is formed into a plate, and the portable terminal holding unit 7 , the arms 8 holding the combiner 5 , and the clip unit 9 are attached to the base unit 3 .
- the extending direction of the base unit 3 in FIG. 1 is referred to as “X axis direction”
- the direction perpendicular to the base unit 3 is referred to as “Z axis direction”
- the direction perpendicular to both of the X axis direction and the Z axis direction is referred to as “Y axis direction”
- the positive direction of each axis is defined as illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 which is explained later.
- the combiner 5 is a half mirror and an optical element which reflects a part of the light of the display 110 of the portable terminal 100 to the eye point “Pe” of the driver to let the driver see the virtual image Iv, while letting the natural light coming from the front of the vehicle pass through the combiner 5 .
- the arrow is directed to the upper direction of the virtual image Iv.
- the surface of the combiner 5 for reflecting the display light is formed into a concave shape. Thereby, the combiner 5 enlarges the display size of the virtual image Iv.
- the arms 8 are a pair of supporting members attached both edges of the base unit 3 in the Y axis direction, and extend towards the front window 25 in order to sandwich and hold the combiner 5 .
- the portable terminal holding unit 7 holds the both edges of the portable terminal 100 in such a state that the display 110 of the portable terminal 100 is directed to the combiner 5 .
- On the surface of the portable terminal holding unit 7 in contact with the back surface of the portable terminal 100 there is provided a near field communication tag 6 illustrated in FIG. 4 explained later.
- the portable terminal holding unit 7 is an example of “the holding unit” according to the present invention.
- the near field communication tag 6 is a tag capable of a near field communication such as NFC (Near Field Communication).
- the near field communication tag 6 sends information (referred to as “type information Ik”) on the type of the virtual image display device 200 at the time when the near field communication tag 6 becomes capable of communicating with the portable terminal 100 by being installed on the portable terminal holding unit 7 .
- the type information Ik is information used for the portable terminal 100 to determine the display mode of the guide image Im on the display 110 . The detail thereof will be explained later.
- the clip unit 9 is provided on the top surface of the base unit 3 which is directed to the ceiling board 28 , and fixes the base unit 3 to the sun visor 29 by sandwiching the sun visor 29 .
- the clip unit 9 is a plate elastic body bent so that the cross-section surface is shaped into like a J character.
- the clip unit 9 has elastic force applied in the direction that the sun visor 29 is sandwiched.
- the clip unit 9 is an example of “the attachment unit” according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of the portable terminal 100 .
- the portable terminal 100 is a portable terminal which the user can carry and includes the display 110 overlapping with a touch panel 120 .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration of the portable terminal 100 .
- the portable terminal 100 includes an output unit 11 , an input unit 12 , a storage unit 13 , a communication unit 14 , a GPS receiver 15 , an inclination sensing unit 16 , and a control unit 17 .
- the components of the portable terminal 100 are connected to each other via a bus line which is not shown, and capable of exchanging necessary information among them.
- the output unit 11 includes the display 110 and a speaker which is not shown, and outputs information for responding to an operation from the user of the terminal device 100 under the control of the control unit 17 .
- the input unit 12 includes the touch panel 120 and functions as an interface for accepting an input of information or necessary commands through the operation from the user to the terminal device 100 .
- the input unit 120 may also include a key, a switch, a button, and/or a voice input device for inputting various commands and data.
- the storage unit 13 stores programs for controlling the terminal device 100 and information necessary for the performance of the terminal device 100 .
- the storage unit 13 also stores information of the size of the display 110 .
- the communication unit 14 exchanges data with other units in accordance with a predetermined communication protocol. Specifically, according to the embodiment, in the state that the portable terminal 100 is held by the portable terminal holding unit 7 , the communication unit 14 receives the type information Ik from the near field communication tag 6 by wireless communication with the near field communication tag 6 shown in FIG. 4 .
- the GPS receiver 15 receives an electric wave for transmitting downlink data including position measurement data from plural GPS satellites. Thereby, the GPS receiver 15 generates present position information of the portable terminal 100 and sends it to the control unit 17 .
- the inclination sensing unit 16 is an acceleration sensor or a gyroscope for example, and senses the inclination (tilt) of the terminal device 100 .
- the inclination sensing unit 16 sends a generated detection signal to the control unit 17 . It is noted that the inclination sensing unit 16 may sense not only the inclination in such a rotational direction that the portable terminal 100 in the front view illustrated in FIG. 2 is rotated but also such a rotational direction that the portable terminal 100 is rotated around the longitudinal direction or the short direction of the portable terminal 100 .
- the control unit 17 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a RAM (Random Access Memory) which are not shown, and executes various kinds of controls of each component in the terminal device 100 by executing application software stored on the storage unit 13 .
- the control unit 17 determines the display mode of the guide image Im so that the observer preferably see the virtual image Iv. The detail of the control method thereof will be explained in the section “Display Control Method”.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the side view of the virtual image display device 200 where the portable terminal 100 is installed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the virtual image display device 200 where the portable terminal 100 is installed.
- the portable terminal 100 is held by the portable terminal holding unit 7 in the horizontally-long state, i.e., in such a state that the longitudinal direction of the portable terminal 100 is parallel to the Y axis.
- each of the guide parts 31 has an opening (a hole) extending along the X axis direction.
- the slide parts 32 connected to edges of the arms 8 are slidably fitted in the guide parts 31 in a state that they can slide along the X axis direction (see arrows 23 x and 23 y in FIG. 4 ).
- On each of the slide parts 32 there is provided a restriction part 320 which restricts the moving range of the slide part 32 to the range of the opening of the guide part 31 .
- the restriction parts 320 are fixed at the slide parts 32 and inserted to the openings of the guide parts 31 to slide along the openings in the X axis direction.
- the arms 8 are configured to rotate towards the vertical direction (see arrows 24 x and 24 y in FIG. 4 ) of the virtual image display device 200 around their edges connected to the slide parts 32 .
- the other edges opposite to the above-mentioned edges of the arms 8 hold the combiner 5 so that the combiner 5 can rotate around the Y axis (see arrows 25 x and 25 y in FIG. 4 ).
- the above-mentioned configuration enables the user to preferably adjust the position of the combiner 5 in the X axis direction by operating the slide parts 32 .
- the display position and the size of the virtual image Iv depend on the distance between the combiner 5 and the display 110 where the display image is displayed.
- the user can adjust the display position and the size of the virtual image Iv by adjusting the position of the combiner 5 in the X axis direction by using the slide parts 32 .
- the user can preferably adjust the position of the combiner 5 by adjusting the angle at which the arms 8 are set to the slide parts 32 and the angle at which the combiner 5 is set to the arms 8 .
- the virtual image display device 200 can preferably cope with the difference of the height of the ceiling per vehicle on which the virtual image display device 200 is installed and the difference of the physical size per user.
- the portable terminal holding unit 7 includes an installation part 70 , a hinge part 71 , a first arm 72 , a second arm 74 and a holder 75 .
- the installation part 70 is provided on the base unit 3 .
- On the installation part 70 there is provided the hinge part 71 holding the first arm 72 so that the first arm 72 can rotate around the Y axis (see arrows 20 x and 20 y in FIG. 4 ).
- the other edge of the first arm 72 opposite to the hinge part 71 is connected to the second arm 74 .
- the second arm 74 is rotatably connected to the first arm 72 and rotates around the Y axis (see arrows 21 x and 21 y ).
- the second arm 74 is connected to the back surface of the holder 75 substantially at a right angle.
- the holder 75 sandwiches and holds the portable terminal 100 .
- the holder 75 includes a support part 75 a for supporting the portable terminal 100 and a moving part 75 b extending from the support part 75 a .
- the edge part 750 b of the moving part 75 b is put in the support part 75 a .
- the moving part 75 b is capable of sliding in the direction (see arrows 22 x and 22 y ) in which the portable terminal 100 is sandwiched. Thereby, the holder 75 can preferably hold the portable terminal 100 regardless of the size of the portable terminal 100 .
- On the surface of the support part 75 a facing the portable terminal 100 there is provided the near field communication tag 6 .
- the near field communication tag 6 is arranged at such at position that the near field communication tag 6 can communicate with the communication unit 14 of the portable terminal 100 installed on the portable terminal holding unit 7 .
- the first arm 72 is configured to adjust the mounting angle to the installation part 70 while the second arm 74 is configured to adjust the angle defined by the first arm 72 and the second arm 74 .
- the user can manually adjust the position of the display 110 of the portable terminal 100 in order to preferably see the virtual image Iv.
- the display position and the size of the virtual image Iv depend on the distance between the combiner 5 and the display 110 .
- the configuration enables the user to preferably adjust the display position and the size of the virtual image Iv by adjusting the distance from the holder 75 and the portable terminal 100 to the combiner 5 .
- the holder 75 holds the portable terminal 100 in such a state that the normal line (see arrow 28 in FIG. 4 ) of the display 110 passes above the center point (see dashed circle 29 in FIG. 4 ) of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 .
- This can prevent the holder 75 and the portable terminal 100 from sticking out towards the head of the user and can produce enough clearance around the head.
- the second arm 74 is configured to rotate by approximately 180 degree with respect to the first arm 72 towards the direction indicated by the arrow 21 x in FIG. 4 . Thereby, the holder 75 holds the display 110 of the portable terminal 100 while directing it to the eye point Pe. This explanation will be given with reference to FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 6 is a side view of the portable terminal 100 held by the portable terminal holding unit 7 in the state that the holder 75 in FIG. 4 is inversed.
- the display 110 of the portable terminal 100 is fixed to be directed to the eye point Pe.
- the user can operate the portable terminal 100 installed on the portable terminal holding unit 7 while looking at the display 110 .
- FIG. 7 illustrates the state before and after removing the portable terminal 100 by sliding the moving part 75 b of the holder 75 in the state of FIG. 6 .
- the moving part 75 b and the portable terminal 100 before the de-installation of the portable terminal 100 is indicated by the dashed line.
- the user slides the moving part 75 b in the direction (see arrow 22 x ) that it moves farther away from the support part 75 a . Thereby, it is possible to preferably remove the portable terminal 100 from the holder 75 .
- the control unit 17 of the portable terminal 100 determines the display mode of the guide image Im based on the type information Ik sent from the near field communication tag 6 .
- the examples of the type information Ik herein include information indicating the presence/absence of the necessity of inversing the guide image Im, information indicating in which state, the vertically long state or the horizontally long state, the portable terminal 100 is held, information on the size of the combiner 5 , information on the distance between the combiner 5 and the portable terminal holding unit 7 , information on the angle at which the portable terminal 100 is set with respect to the combiner 5 , information on the size of the portable terminal 100 which the portable terminal holding unit 7 can hold, and information on the curvature of the combiner 5 .
- such a value that can be changed by user operation e.g., the distance between the combiner 5 and the portable terminal holding unit 7 and the angle at which the portable terminal 100 is set with respect to the combiner 5
- a standard value in case of normal use.
- the control unit 17 determines the presence/absence of the necessity of inverting the guide image Im, the direction of the guide image Im, the size of the guide image Im, the display position of the guide image Im on the display 110 and the ratio (i.e., aspect ratio) of expansion and contraction of the guide image Im in the vertical and the horizontal directions.
- the ratio i.e., aspect ratio
- FIG. 8A is a front view of the portable terminal 100 displaying the guide image Im
- FIG. 8B illustrates the virtual image Iv seen by the user through the combiner 5 in the case of FIG. 8A .
- the control unit 17 recognizes that the virtual image Iv seen through the combiner 5 is supposed to be displayed in a state that it is horizontally inverted with respect to the guide image Im.
- the control unit 17 horizontally inverts the guide image Im and displays the guide image Im on the display 110 .
- the control unit 17 recognizes in which state, the vertically long sate or the horizontally long state, the display 110 is held, and determines the direction of the guide image Im in accordance with the recognition result. Concretely, when the portable terminal 100 is held in the vertically long state, the control unit 17 matches the vertical direction of the guide image Im to the longitudinal direction of the display 110 . In contrast, when the portable terminal 100 is held in the horizontally long state, the control unit 17 matches the vertical direction of the guide image Im to the short direction of the display 110 . It is noted that the control unit 17 may determine the direction of the guide image Im based on the output of the inclination sensing unit 16 instead of the type information Ik.
- the control unit 17 also determines the size of the guide image Im on the display 110 based on the size information of the combiner 5 included in the type information Ik and the size information of the display 110 stored in the storage unit 13 .
- the storage unit 13 stores in advance a map indicating a proper size of the guide image Im with respect to each possible combination of the size of the combiner 5 and the size of the display 110 , and the control unit 17 determines the size of the guide image Im with reference to the above-mentioned map. In the case of the example illustrated in FIGS.
- the control unit 17 determines that the whole guide image Im is not projected onto the combiner 5 (i.e., apart of the guide image Im deviates from the combiner 5 ) when the guide image Im is displayed on the whole area of the display 110 . Then, the control unit 17 minifies the size of the guide image Im by a predetermined ratio. Thereby, the control unit 17 can preferably let the user visually recognize the whole guide image Im as the virtual image Iv.
- the control unit 17 also determines the display position of the guide image Im on the display 110 on the basis of the type information Ik indicating the angle at which the portable terminal 100 is set with respect to the combiner 5 .
- the storage unit 13 stores in advance a map indicating a proper display position of the guide image Im with respect to each possible angle at which the portable terminal 100 is set with respect to the combiner 5 .
- the control unit 17 determines the display position of the guide image Im with reference to the map.
- the control unit 17 determines that the virtual image Iv deviates from the center of the combiner 5 towards the bottom left when the guide image Im is displayed at the center of the display 110 .
- the control unit 17 shifts the guide image Im towards the top right in advance.
- the control unit 17 can preferably display the virtual image Iv at the center position of the combiner 5 .
- the control unit 17 determines the aspect ratio of the guide image Im based on the type information Ik.
- the storage unit 13 stores in advance a map indicating a proper aspect ratio of the guide image Im with respect to each possible setting angle of the portable terminal 100 included in the type information Ik. Then, the control unit 17 determines the aspect ratio of the guide image Im with reference to the map.
- the control unit 17 recognizes that the virtual image Iv to be displayed is supposed to vertically shrink from the guide image Im by a predetermined ratio, and therefore displays the guide image Im based on an aspect ratio that is a vertically-longer ratio than a normal aspect ratio. Thereby, the control unit 17 can let the user visually recognize the virtual image Iv at a proper aspect ratio.
- the control unit 17 may change the display mode of the guide image Im based on the input from the input unit 12 .
- the control unit 17 accepts the input for correcting the display position and/or the aspect ratio of the guide image Im from the input unit 12 thereby to change the display mode of the guide image Im based on the input.
- the control unit 17 can preferably adjust the display mode of the virtual image Iv in accordance with the preference of the user.
- the virtual image display device 200 is provided with the portable terminal holding unit 7 , the combiner 5 and the base unit 3 .
- the portable terminal holding unit 7 detachably holds a portable terminal 100 equipped with a display 110 for displaying a guide image Im.
- the combiner 5 reflects light of the guide image Im displayed by the portable terminal 100 to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image Iv overlapping with the front scenery.
- the base unit 3 is connected to the portable terminal holding unit 7 and the combiner 5 .
- the virtual image display device 200 detachably holds the portable terminal 100 and uses the portable terminal 100 as a light source.
- the virtual image display device 200 can preferably let the user visually recognize the virtual image Iv by using the portable terminal 100 of the user.
- the control unit 17 in addition to the display control of the guide image Im according to the first embodiment, the control unit 17 preferably performs the keystone (trapezoidal distortion) correction of the guide image Im. Thereby, as an area of the display 110 is close to the combiner 5 , the control unit 17 minifies the image to be displayed on the area.
- the keystone trapezoidal distortion
- FIG. 9 is a side view of the virtual image display system illustrating the positional relationship among the display 110 , the combiner 5 and the virtual image Iv.
- top edge image portion the portion of the guide image Im displayed on the top edge of the display 110
- bottom edge image portion the portion of the guide image Im displayed on the bottom edge of the display 110
- the distance “a 1 ” between the top edge image portion and the position of the combiner 5 onto which the top edge image portion is projected is longer than the distance “a 2 ” between the bottom edge image portion and the position of the combiner 5 onto which the bottom edge image portion is projected.
- the distance “b 1 ” between the position of the combiner 5 onto which the top edge image portion is projected and the forming position of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the top edge image portion is longer than the distance “b 2 ” between the position of the combiner 5 onto which the bottom edge image portion is projected and the forming position of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the bottom edge image portion.
- the part of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the bottom edge image portion becomes larger than the part of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the top edge image portion.
- the virtual image Iv is displayed in a trapezoidal shape whose top edge is short.
- the control unit 17 displays the guide image Im so that as an area of the display 110 is close to the combiner 5 , the image portion displayed on the area becomes small.
- the control unit 17 recognizes the inclination of the display 110 with respect to the Z axis, and performs the keystone correction of the guide image Im in accordance with the recognized inclination of the display 110 .
- the control unit 17 performs the keystone correction of the guide image Im by referring to a map, stored on the storage unit 13 in advance, indicating a proper correction amount of the keystone correction of the guide image Im with respect to each possible inclination of the display 110 . It is noted that the control unit 17 may calculate a relative inclination of the display 110 to the combiner 5 with reference to information on the inclination of the combiner 5 included in the type information Ik in addition to the inclination of the display 110 to perform the keystone correction of the guide image Im in accordance with the relative inclination.
- FIG. 10 schematically illustrates the positional relationship among the object point of an object, the combiner 5 and the virtual image Iv.
- the distance between the object point P 1 and the combiner 5 is referred to as “a”
- the distance between the virtual image Iv and the combiner 5 is referred to as “b”
- the curvature radius of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 is referred to as “r”.
- the distances “a”, “b” and the focal length “f” have a relationship defined by the following equation (1).
- focal length “f” of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 is equal to a half of the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 as indicated by the following equation (2).
- the distance “b” between the combiner 5 and the virtual image Iv varies depending on the distance “a” between the combiner 5 and the object point P 1 .
- FIG. 11 illustrates a graph indicating the relationship between the distance “a” and the distance “b” in the case that the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 is constant.
- the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 is constant, the longer the distance “a” between the combiner 5 and the object point P 1 is, the longer the distance “b” between the combiner 5 and the virtual image Iv becomes.
- the distances a 1 and a 2 in FIG. 9 correspond to the distance “a” in FIG. 10
- the distances b 1 and b 2 correspond to the distance “b” in FIG. 10 . Since the distance a 2 is shorter than the distance a 1 , the distance b 2 corresponding to the bottom edge image portion in FIG. 9 is shorter than the distance b 1 corresponding to the top edge image portion.
- the control unit 17 performs the keystone correction of the guide image Im so that the display width of the guide image Im gradually becomes narrower as the position is closer to the bottom edge and farther from the top edge of the guide image Im. Thereby, the control unit 17 can let the user preferably see the virtual image Iv.
- the combiner 5 of the virtual image display device 200 has a concave reflection surface whose curvature at a position gradually becomes large as the position is close to the bottom edge and far from the top edge. Therefore, the virtual image display device 200 prevents the virtual image Iv from the trapezoidal distortion while letting the whole virtual image Iv be seen at a constant distance from the eye point Pe.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a graph indicating the relationship between the distance “b” and the curvature radius “r” of the combiner 5 in the case that the distance “a” is constant.
- the distance “b” is negatively correlated with the curvature radius “r”.
- the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 gradually becomes small as the position is close to the bottom edge and far from the top edge in order to compensate for the distance “b” being shorter and shorter towards the downside of the combiner 5 due to the inclination of the portable terminal 100 to the combiner 5 .
- the virtual image Iv it is possible to let the virtual image Iv be seen so that the distance from the eye point Pe to each position of the whole virtual image Iv is equal.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example of eyesight of the driver including the combiner 5 .
- the virtual image display system displays as the virtual image Iv the route image 90 indicating a route where the vehicle is supposed to run at the vertically inversed position of the road in the scenery corresponding to the route with respect to the horizon line.
- the bottom edge image portion (see the dashed frame 95 ) of the route image 90 indicates the road portion at the position relatively far from the present position
- the top edge image portion (see the dashed frame 96 ) of the route image 90 indicates the road portion at the position relatively close to the present position.
- the distance b 1 corresponding to the top edge image portion of the route image 90 is longer than the distance b 2 corresponding to the bottom edge image portion of the route image 90 .
- the top edge image portion of the route image 90 corresponding to the road closer to the present position is displayed at a position farther from the eye point Pe whereas the bottom edge image portion of the route image 90 corresponding to the road farther from the present position is displayed at a position closer to the eye point Pe.
- the virtual image Iv is displayed contrary to the proper distance sense of the virtual image Iv.
- the curvature radius “r” becomes gradually small as the position is close to the bottom edge and far from the top edge of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 . Thereby, it is possible to prevent the distance “b” between the combiner 5 and the virtual image Iv from being shorter towards the downside of the combiner 5 due to the inclination of the portable terminal 100 to the combiner 5 .
- the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 may be gradually small as the position is far from the top edge and close to the bottom edge so that the distance b 1 between the portion of the combiner 5 corresponding to the top edge image portion and the virtual image Iv is shorter than the distance b 2 between the portion of the combiner 5 corresponding to the bottom edge image portion and the virtual image Iv.
- the curvature variation of the reflection surface of the combiner 5 is determined to lengthen the distance “b” between the combiner 5 and the virtual image Iv as the position of the combiner 5 is close to the bottom.
- the type information Ik may include information on the curvature of the combiner 5 .
- the control unit 17 of the portable terminal 100 changes the display position on the display 110 so that an image corresponding to a position farther from the present position is projected onto a position of the combiner 5 at which the curvature radius “r” is smaller.
- the control unit 17 detects the inclination of the display 110 with respect to the horizontal direction and rotates the guide image Im against the inclination of the display 110 by the inclination amount. Thereby, the control unit 17 properly displays the virtual image Iv without the inclination of the virtual image Iv with respect to the horizontal direction even when the vehicle is running on a dirt road, for example.
- the virtual image display device 200 has a tendency to lean towards right or left (i.e., rolling direction) with respect to the horizontal direction together with the vehicle.
- the user unconsciously tends to try to correct the eye direction by moving the upper body because of a human property.
- the control unit 17 detects the rolling inclination of the display 110 with respect to the horizontal direction based on the output of the inclination sensing unit 16 thereby to rotate the guide image Im against the inclination by the inclination amount.
- FIG. 14A is a front view of the portable terminal 100 leant towards the counterclockwise direction by the angle “ ⁇ ” with respect to the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 14B is a display example of the virtual image Iv seen through the combiner 5 .
- the display 110 is leant in the counterclockwise direction by the angle ⁇ with respect to the horizontal direction while the combiner 5 is leant in the clockwise direction by the angle ⁇ as illustrated in FIG. 14B .
- the control unit 17 detects that the display 110 is leant in the counterclockwise direction by the angle ⁇ with respect to the horizontal direction.
- the control unit 17 rotates the guide image Im on the display 110 in the clockwise direction opposite to the counterclockwise direction by the angle ⁇ .
- the side direction of the guide image Im becomes parallel to the horizontal direction.
- the virtual image Iv is displayed without leaning with respect to the horizontal direction as illustrated in FIG. 14B .
- control unit 17 can let the user properly see the virtual image Iv without any inclination of the virtual image Iv even when the vehicle is running on a dirt road.
- the configuration according to the fourth embodiment also enables the control unit 17 to let the user properly see the virtual image Iv without any inclination of the virtual image Iv even when the virtual image display device 200 cannot be horizontally set to the vehicle under the restriction due to the vehicle shape.
- the portable terminal 100 is set in substantially parallel with the base unit 3 . This preferably ensures enough clearance around the head of the driver.
- FIG. 15 is a side view of a virtual image display device 200 A in the stored state according to the fifth embodiment
- FIG. 16 is a side view of a virtual image display device 200 A displaying the virtual image Iv.
- the virtual image display device 200 A includes the base unit 3 , the reflection unit 4 , the combiner 5 , the portable terminal holding unit 7 A, the arms 8 , and the clip unit 9 .
- components of the virtual image display device 200 A same as the virtual image display device 200 according to the first embodiment are provided with the same reference numbers and the explanation thereof will be omitted.
- the near field communication tag 6 which is not shown herein is set to such a position that it can communicate with the communication unit 14 of the portable terminal 100 installed on the portable terminal holding unit 7 A.
- the reflection unit 4 has a mirror 40 for reflecting the light emitted from the display 110 to the combiner 5 .
- the reflection unit 4 is capable of rotating around the Y axis on the rotation axis part 41 .
- the rotation axis part 41 is supported by the supporting part 38 that is provided on the surface of the base unit 3 opposite to the surface contacting the clip unit 9 .
- the reflection unit 4 also has the stopper 42 for fixing the reflection unit 4 to the portable terminal holding unit 7 A.
- the mirror 40 is an example of “the reflection unit” according to the present invention.
- the portable terminal holding unit 7 A holds the portable terminal 100 in approximately parallel with the base unit 3 .
- the portable terminal holding unit 7 A is equipped with a pair of arms 76 which sandwich and hold the portable terminal 100 from both sides of the portable terminal 100 .
- the portable terminal holding unit 7 A also includes a rotating shaft rotatably fixed at the supporting part 38 which is not shown, and the portable terminal holding unit 7 A is capable of rotating from the state of FIG. 15 towards the counterclockwise direction up to approximately 90°.
- the portable terminal holding unit 7 A includes the fitting unit 78 capable of being fitted to the stopper 42 .
- the fitting unit 78 is fitted to the stopper 42 when the top edge of the stopper 42 gets contact with it by a predetermined pressure. In a state that the fitting unit 78 and the stopper 42 are fitted together, the stopper 42 is detached from the fitting unit 78 when a predetermined pressure for detaching the stopper 42 is applied to the stopper 42 .
- the reflection unit 4 is rotated to such a position that the mirror 40 is in substantially parallel with the base unit 3 . Thereby, it is possible to ensure the clearance around the head when the virtual image display device 200 A is not used.
- the reflection unit 4 is rotated from the state of FIG. 15 towards the counterclockwise direction by a predetermined angle.
- the mirror 40 is fixed to face the display 110 and to reflect the light of the display 110 to the combiner 5 .
- the virtual image display device 200 A can let the user see the virtual image Iv by projecting the display light of the portable terminal 100 provided in substantially parallel with the base unit 3 onto the combiner 5 .
- the virtual image display device 200 A After reflecting the guide image Im by the mirror 40 , the virtual image display device 200 A reflects the reflection light by the combiner 5 thereby to let the light for displaying the guide image Im enter the eye point Pe.
- the control unit 17 it is not necessary for the control unit 17 to horizontally invert the guide image Im before displaying it on the display 110 .
- the type information Ik acquired from the near field communication tag 6 which is not shown includes information indicating needlessness to invert the guide image Im, and the control unit 17 of the portable terminal 100 displays on the display 110 the guide image Im without horizontally inversing the guide image Im based on the type information Ik.
- FIG. 17A is a side view of the virtual image display device 200 A in a case that the reflection unit 4 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction from the state of FIG. 15 by approximately 90°.
- the stopper 42 is in contact with and fitted to the fitting unit 78 .
- the reflection unit 4 and the portable terminal holding unit 7 A are capable of rotating together.
- FIG. 17B is a side view of the virtual image display device 200 A after rotating the reflection unit 4 and the portable terminal holding unit 7 A in the counterclockwise direction from the state of the FIG. 17A by approximately 45°.
- the stopper 42 is fitted to the fitting unit 78 , the reflection unit 4 and the portable terminal holding unit 7 A rotate from the state of FIG. 17A by the same angle.
- the portable terminal holding unit 7 A is locked to the supporting part 38 of the base unit 3 .
- the user can preferably operate the portable terminal 100 while facing and looking at the display 110 .
- the virtual image display device 200 A may include a GPS receiver thereby to wirelessly send the measured information to the portable terminal 100 in consideration of the fact that the portable terminal 100 is placed below the ceiling board 28 .
- the portable terminal 100 can preferably obtain the present position information even when the GPS receiver 15 of the portable terminal 100 does not work.
- the receiving antenna for receiving radio waves from GPS satellites may be provided on the dashboard of the vehicle for example, and it is connected to the GPS receiver of the virtual image display device 200 A via a cable.
- the virtual image display device 200 A may be capable of stand-alone measurement with various kinds of sensors such as a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor and a distance sensor in addition to the GPS receiver.
- the virtual image display device 200 A may be configured to obtain various kind of vehicle information from the vehicle such as vehicle speed pulses. These modifications can be applied not only to the fifth embodiment but also to the first to the fourth embodiments. By sending the obtained information to the portable terminal 100 , the virtual image display device 200 can preferably let the portable terminal 100 perform the route navigation and the like.
- the control unit 17 may determine whether the display 110 is directed to the combiner 5 or to the eye point Pe thereby to determine whether or not to horizontally invert the guide image Im based on the determination result. Concretely, if the display 110 is directed to the combiner 5 as illustrated in FIG. 4 , the control unit 17 horizontally inverts the guide image Im. In contrast, if the display 110 is directed to the eye point Pe as illustrated in FIG. 6 , the control unit 17 does not invert the guide image Im.
- the inclination sensing unit 16 is an acceleration sensor configured to detect the acceleration in the thickness direction of the portable terminal 100 .
- the control unit 17 monitors the output of the inclination sensing unit 16 after determining that the vehicle is accelerating based on the output of the GPS receiver 15 . Concretely, the control unit recognizes that the vehicle is advancing if the vehicle moves at a velocity faster than a predetermined velocity (e.g., 20 km/h), and monitors the variation of the vehicle speed. Thereafter, when determining that the vehicle is advancing and accelerating, the control unit 17 monitors the output of the inclination sensing unit 16 . Then, the control unit 17 determines whether the direction of the acceleration indicated by the output of the inclination sensing unit 16 is to the direction of the display or to the direction of the back surface 130 .
- a predetermined velocity e.g. 20 km/h
- the control unit 17 determines that the display 110 is directed to the combiner 5 . In contrast, if the acceleration indicated by the output of the inclination sensing unit 16 is an acceleration whose negative direction is towards the display 110 , the control unit 17 determines that the display 110 is directed to the eye point Pe. Similarly, when determining that the vehicle is decelerating towards the front direction and that the acceleration indicated by the output of the inclination sensing unit 16 is an acceleration whose negative direction is towards the display 110 , the control unit 17 determines that the display 110 is directed to the combiners.
- control unit 17 may recognize the necessity of switching the direction of the display 110 by determining whether or not the display 110 is horizontally inverted based on the inclination sensing unit 16 until the portable terminal 100 is detected to be detached from the portable terminal holding unit 7 .
- the control unit 17 determines whether or not the face of the user is shown in an image generated by a camera of the portable terminal 100 which is not shown, and determines that the face of the user is directed to the side of the portable terminal 100 on which the camera is provided if the face of the user is shown in the image. For example, provided that the camera is provided on the side of the display 110 and that the face of the user is detected from the image, the control unit 17 recognizes that the display 110 is directed to the eye point Pe. It is noted that the control unit 17 may use various kinds of known facial recognition technologies when determining whether or not the face is shown in the image and whether or not the detected face coincides with the registered face of the user. Even in this case, the control unit 17 can preferably determine the direction of the display 110 .
- the control unit 17 can properly display the image on the display 110 even when the user operates the portable terminal 100 held by the virtual image display device 200 .
- the control unit 17 detects that the portable terminal 100 has been installed on the portable terminal holding unit 7 by receiving a wireless signal including the type information Ik from the near field communication tag 6 .
- the control unit 17 may recognize that the portable terminal 100 has been installed on the portable terminal holding unit 7 and should invert the guide image Im by determining that a predetermined navigation application for displaying the guide image Im is running and that the portable terminal 100 is being charged,
- FIG. 18 is a side view of the virtual image display device 200 B according to the second modification.
- the virtual image display device 200 B includes a battery charger unit 78 and a cable 79 .
- the battery charger 78 is provided on the back surface of the holder 75 and charges the portable terminal 100 by receiving electric power from the cable 79 connected to the accessory socket.
- the battery charger 78 may be a wireless power feeding apparatus complying with the Qi standard for example.
- the battery charger 78 may be a power feeding connecter for supplying electric power to the portable terminal 100 instead of the wireless power feeding apparatus.
- the near field communication tag 6 which is not shown is provided at such a position that it can communicate with the communication unit 14 of the portable terminal 100 installed on the portable terminal holding unit 7 .
- the portable terminal 100 is charged when it is installed on the virtual image display device 200 B.
- the control unit 17 determines that the portable terminal 100 is installed on the portable terminal holding unit 7 if a predetermined navigation application for displaying the guide image Im is running and the portable terminal 100 is being charged.
- the combiner 5 may includes a light shielding plate at a position where the plate shields the light coming against the direction in which the virtual image Iv is seen by the user. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the visibility of the virtual image Iv from deteriorating even when the natural light nearby is strong.
- FIG. 19 is a side view of the virtual image display device 200 C according to the third modification.
- the virtual image display device 200 C has a shielding plate 50 overlapping with the surface of the combiner 5 opposite to the reflection surface.
- the shielding plate 50 shields all or a part of the light entering the combiner 5 against the direction in which the virtual image Iv is seen by the user.
- the virtual image display device 200 C can let the user properly see the virtual image Iv even when the brightness of the guide image Im is lower than the brightness of the natural light.
- the virtual image display system according to any of the first to the fifth embodiments uses the guide image Im displayed on the display 110 of the portable terminal 100 as an intermediate image, it is hard to ensure a sufficient brightness.
- the third modification it is possible to let the user preferably see the virtual image Iv.
- the shielding plate 50 is configured to open and close with respect to the combiner 5 .
- the shielding plate 50 is capable of rotating within the range from the position of FIG. 19 to the position along the arms 8 , and is placed at the position along the arms 8 in the non-use state.
- the control unit 17 may decrease the brightness of the guide image Im when detecting the close state of the shielding plate 50 to the combiner 5 based on the output from a sensor (not shown) sensing the opening and the closing of the shielding plate 50 to the combiner 5 . Thereby, it is possible to preferably suppress the power consumption of the portable terminal 100 .
- the shielding plate 50 is controlled to open and close based on a control signal sent from the control unit 17 , and the control unit 17 sends the shielding plate 50 a control signal for instructing the shielding plate 50 to close to the combiner 5 if the remaining capacity of the battery of the portable terminal 100 is equal to or lower than a predetermined amount.
- the control unit 17 sends the shielding plate 50 a control signal for instructing the shielding plate 50 to close to the combiner 5 if the remaining capacity of the battery of the portable terminal 100 is equal to or lower than a predetermined amount.
- the installation part 70 of the portable terminal holding unit 7 may be configured to slide on the base unit 3 along the X axis direction.
- the base unit 3 there is provided a rail in order for the installation part 70 to slide, and the installation part 70 is slidably fitted to the rail.
- the virtual image display device 200 is attached to the sun visor 29 .
- the attachment position of the virtual image display device 200 to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to the position. Instead, the virtual image display device 200 may be provided on or in the dashboard.
- FIG. 20 is a side view of the virtual image display device 200 D provided on the dashboard.
- the virtual image display device 200 D corresponds to the virtual image display device 200 according to the first embodiment vertically inverted except the clip unit 9 .
- the base unit 3 is fixed on the dashboard.
- the portable terminal 100 is installed on the portable terminal holding unit 7 of the virtual image display device 200 D and functions as the light source of the virtual image display system. In such a mode that the mounting position is the dashboard, the virtual image display device 200 D can let the user properly see the virtual image Iv corresponding to the guide image Im outputted by the display 110 of the portable terminal 100 .
- the virtual image display device 200 may be attached to the ceiling board 28 instead of the sun visor 29 .
- the clip unit 9 on the top surface of the base unit 3 of the virtual image display device 200 , there is provided a member for fitting into an attachment hole (not shown) provided on the ceiling board 28 for mounting the sun visor 29 .
- the virtual image display device 200 may be configured to have a reflection mirror (not shown) which shields the natural light instead of the combiner 5 . In this case, it is possible to let the user properly see the virtual image Iv even when the brightness of the guide image Im is lower than the brightness of the natural light.
- the clip unit 9 of the virtual image display device 200 is attached to the base unit 3 .
- the clip unit 9 and the base unit 3 are connected through a rotatable connection member.
- FIG. 21 is a side view of the virtual image display device 200 according to the eighth modification.
- the clip unit 9 is connected to the ball link 35 provided on the base unit 3 .
- the ball link 35 rotatably holds the clip unit 9 so that the clip unit 9 can rotate with respect to the base unit 3 .
- the ball link 35 is an example of “the connecting member” according to the present invention. According to such a configuration, by rotating the base unit 3 with respect to the clip unit 9 , it is possible to properly set the virtual image display device 200 to a vehicle without any inclination of the combiner 5 even when the sun visor 29 of the vehicle is provided to be horizontally leant.
- a rotatable connecting member may be provided to connect the base unit 3 to the member fitted into the attachment hole on the ceiling board 28 for setting the sun visor 29 according to fifth modification.
Abstract
A virtual image display device 200 is provided with a portable terminal holding unit 7, a combiner 5 and base unit 3. The portable terminal holding unit 7 detachably holds a portable terminal 100 equipped with a display 110 for displaying a guide image Im. The combiner 5 reflects the light of the guide image Im displayed by the portable terminal 100 to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image Iv. The base unit 3 is connected to the portable terminal holding unit 7 and the combiner 5.
Description
- The present invention relates to a technology for displaying a virtual image.
- Conventionally, there is proposed a technique of ahead-up display letting a driver see an image indicating information on the driving of the vehicle from the eye position (eye point) as a virtual image. Patent Reference-1 discloses an information display device capable of being installed in a vehicle to function as a head-up display. It also functions as a portable information display device when it is detached from the vehicle. The information display device according to Patent Reference-1 inverses the image for displaying on the display screen when detecting that it is used as a head-up display.
- Patent Reference-1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open under No. 2001-333351
- The information display device according to Patent Reference-1 is a machine specialized in the display as the portable information display device and the display as the head-up display. In contrast, it could be convenient to configure a head-up display by using the display of a portable terminal such as a mobile phone which the user has. An object of the present invention is to provide a virtual image display device capable of displaying a virtual image by use of a portable terminal.
- One invention is a virtual image display device including: a holding unit configured to detachably hold a portable terminal equipped with a display surface for displaying an image; a combiner configured to reflect light of the image to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image; and a base unit connected to the holding unit and the combiner.
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FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a virtual image display system according to a first embodiment. -
FIG. 2 is a front view of a portable terminal. -
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration of the portable terminal. -
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a side view of a virtual image display device where the portable terminal is installed. -
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the virtual image display device where the portable terminal is installed. -
FIG. 6 is a side view of the portable terminal held by a portable terminal holding unit when theholder 75 is inverted. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a state before and after removing the portable terminal. -
FIG. 8A is a front view of the portable terminal displaying a guide image in accordance with type information, andFIG. 8B illustrates a virtual image seen by a user through a combiner. -
FIG. 9 is a side view of the virtual image display system illustrating a positional relationship among the display, the combiner and the virtual image. -
FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a positional relationship among an object point, the combiner, and the virtual image. -
FIG. 11 illustrates a graph indicating a relationship between distance “a” and distance “b” in a case that the curvature radius of the reflection surface of the combiner is constant. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a graph indicating a relationship between the distance “b” and the curvature radius r of the combiner in a case that the distance “a” is constant. -
FIG. 13 illustrates an example of eyesight of a driver including the combiner. -
FIG. 14A is a front view of the portable terminal in a state that the vehicle is leant in the counterclockwise direction by a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal direction. -
FIG. 14B is a display example of the virtual image seen through the combiner. -
FIG. 15 is a side view of a virtual image display device in a stored state according to a fifth embodiment. -
FIG. 16 is a side view of a virtual image display device displaying the virtual image according to the fifth embodiment. -
FIG. 17A is a side view of the virtual image display device in a case that a reflection unit is rotated in the counterclockwise direction by approximately 90°. -
FIG. 17B is a side view of the virtual image display device after rotating the reflection unit and the portable terminal holding unit in the counterclockwise direction by approximately 45°. -
FIG. 18 is a side view of the virtual image display device according to a second modification. -
FIG. 19 is a side view of the virtual image display device according to a third modification. -
FIG. 20 is a side view of the virtual image display device provided on a dashboard. -
FIG. 21 is a side view of the virtual image display device according to an eighth modification. - According to a preferable embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a virtual image display device including: a holding unit configured to detachably hold a portable terminal equipped with a display surface for displaying an image; a combiner configured to reflect light of the image to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image; and a base unit connected to the holding unit and the combiner.
- The above virtual image display device includes a holding unit, a combiner, and abase unit. The holding unit is configured to detachably hold a portable terminal equipped with a display surface for displaying an image. The combiner is configured to reflect light of the image to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image. The base unit is connected to the holding unit and the combiner. As mentioned above, the virtual image display device is configured to detachably hold the portable terminal and use the portable terminal as a light source. Thus, the virtual image display device can preferably let the observer visually recognize a virtual image by using the portable terminal which the observer has.
- In one mode of the virtual image display device, the base unit is connected to a ceiling part of a vehicle or an attachment unit configured to be attached to a sun visor on the ceiling part.
- In another mode of the virtual image display device, the base unit includes a connecting member configured to rotatably connect the base unit to the attachment unit. In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the holding unit holds the portable terminal in a state that a normal line of the display surface passes above a center point of a reflection surface of the combiner. According to this mode, the portable terminal is preferably held to broaden the clearance around the head of the observer.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the combiner has a concave reflection surface whose curvature becomes gradually larger at a position closer to a bottom of the combiner and farther from a top of the combiner. According to this mode, it is possible to prevent the top of the virtual image from being displayed to be shorter in width than the bottom of the virtual image even when the display surface of the portable terminal is directed above the center point of the combiner. Additionally, it is possible to let the observer visually recognize the whole virtual image with a proper feeling of distance.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the curvature of the reflection surface gradually varies so that image formation distance of the virtual image corresponding to the bottom of the combiner is longer than the image formation distance of the virtual image corresponding to the top of the combiner. This mode enables the observer visually recognize the virtual image with a proper feeling of distance in accordance with its contents in a case of displaying the virtual image indicating information on an object whose position becomes farther from the present position as the position corresponds to a portion close to the bottom of the virtual image.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the combiner and to the observer. This mode enables the observer to preferably operate the portable terminal whose display surface faces the observer.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the holding unit is connected to the base unit to be configured to change distance between the holding unit and the combiner. According to this mode, it is possible to adjust the clearance of the head of the observer.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the virtual image display device further includes a sending unit configured to send information on a type of the virtual image display device used for the portable terminal to switch a display mode of the image displayed on the display surface, and the sending unit sends the information on the type to the portable terminal at a time when distance between the holding unit and the portable terminal is equal to or shorter than a predetermined distance. The virtual image display device according to this mode enables the portable terminal to determine the display mode of the guide image so that the observer can properly see the virtual image.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the virtual image display device includes a reflection unit connected to the base unit to reflect the light of the image displayed on the display surface of the portable terminal to the combiner, wherein the holding unit holds and directs the display surface of the portable terminal to the reflection unit. According to this mode, the virtual image display device can prevent the virtual image from being displayed in a horizontally inverse state to the image displayed by the portable terminal.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the holding unit holds the display surface of the portable terminal in substantially parallel with the base unit. According to this mode, the virtual image display device can preferably generate the clearance around the head of the observer.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the reflection unit and to the observer. This mode enables the observer to preferably operate the portable terminal whose display surface faces the observer.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the reflection unit is connected to the base unit to be configured to rotate in the same direction as rotational direction of the holding unit, and the holding unit rotates together with the reflection unit within a predetermined angle range of a rotatable range of the reflection unit. This mode enables the observer to preferably operate the portable terminal whose display surface faces the observer.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, the combiner is connected to the base unit to be configured to change distance from the combiner to the observer. According to this mode, the observer can preferably adjust the position and/or the size of the virtual image.
- In still another mode of the virtual image display device, on the combiner, there is provided a light shielding member configured to block out or decay natural light coming against direction in which the virtual image is visually recognized by the observer. According to this mode, the virtual image display device can preferably let the observer visually recognize the virtual image even when the amount of the light outputted by the portable terminal is smaller than the amount of the natural light.
- Now, preferred first to fifth embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the attached drawings. Hereinafter, the term “rotation” herein includes both of the clockwise rotation and the counterclockwise rotation, whose range of movement (angle range) may not be limited.
-
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a virtual image display system according to the first embodiment. As illustrated inFIG. 1 , the system includes aportable terminal 100 equipped with adisplay 110, and a virtualimage display device 200 configured to let an observer visually recognize the display on thedisplay 110 of theportable terminal 100 as a virtual image Iv. It is noted thatFIG. 1 is a side view of the driving seat in a vehicle and the driver sits on the seat in the vehicle. Over the head of the driver, there is provided a roof (plate) 27 which constitutes the outline of the vehicle and aceiling board 28 thereunder which constitutes the inner decoration of the vehicle. In front of the driver, there is provided afront window 25 of the vehicle. - The
portable terminal 100 is a portable device such as a smart phone and an iPad (a registered trademark) for example, and is held by the virtualimage display device 200 in such a state that thedisplay 110 is directed to thefront window 25. Then, theportable terminal 100 displays on thedisplay 110 an image (referred to as “guide image Im”) indicating information such as a map near the present position and a route to a destination in order to support the driving. - The virtual
image display device 200 is provided in a diagonally upper forward direction with respect to the driver, and detachably holds theportable terminal 100. The virtualimage display device 200 mainly includes abase unit 3, acombiner 5, a portableterminal holding unit 7,arms 8 and aclip unit 9. - The
base unit 3 is formed into a plate, and the portableterminal holding unit 7, thearms 8 holding thecombiner 5, and theclip unit 9 are attached to thebase unit 3. Hereinafter, the extending direction of thebase unit 3 inFIG. 1 is referred to as “X axis direction”, the direction perpendicular to thebase unit 3 is referred to as “Z axis direction”, the direction perpendicular to both of the X axis direction and the Z axis direction is referred to as “Y axis direction”, and the positive direction of each axis is defined as illustrated inFIG. 1 andFIG. 5 which is explained later. - The
combiner 5 is a half mirror and an optical element which reflects a part of the light of thedisplay 110 of theportable terminal 100 to the eye point “Pe” of the driver to let the driver see the virtual image Iv, while letting the natural light coming from the front of the vehicle pass through thecombiner 5. It is noted that the arrow is directed to the upper direction of the virtual image Iv. The surface of thecombiner 5 for reflecting the display light is formed into a concave shape. Thereby, thecombiner 5 enlarges the display size of the virtual image Iv. Thearms 8 are a pair of supporting members attached both edges of thebase unit 3 in the Y axis direction, and extend towards thefront window 25 in order to sandwich and hold thecombiner 5. - The portable
terminal holding unit 7 holds the both edges of theportable terminal 100 in such a state that thedisplay 110 of theportable terminal 100 is directed to thecombiner 5. On the surface of the portableterminal holding unit 7 in contact with the back surface of theportable terminal 100, there is provided a nearfield communication tag 6 illustrated inFIG. 4 explained later. The portableterminal holding unit 7 is an example of “the holding unit” according to the present invention. - The near
field communication tag 6 is a tag capable of a near field communication such as NFC (Near Field Communication). The nearfield communication tag 6 sends information (referred to as “type information Ik”) on the type of the virtualimage display device 200 at the time when the nearfield communication tag 6 becomes capable of communicating with theportable terminal 100 by being installed on the portableterminal holding unit 7. The type information Ik is information used for theportable terminal 100 to determine the display mode of the guide image Im on thedisplay 110. The detail thereof will be explained later. - The
clip unit 9 is provided on the top surface of thebase unit 3 which is directed to theceiling board 28, and fixes thebase unit 3 to thesun visor 29 by sandwiching thesun visor 29. Theclip unit 9 is a plate elastic body bent so that the cross-section surface is shaped into like a J character. Theclip unit 9 has elastic force applied in the direction that thesun visor 29 is sandwiched. Theclip unit 9 is an example of “the attachment unit” according to the present invention. - [Configuration of Portable Terminal]
- Next, a description will be given of the configuration of the
portable terminal 100.FIG. 2 is a front view of theportable terminal 100. Theportable terminal 100 is a portable terminal which the user can carry and includes thedisplay 110 overlapping with atouch panel 120. -
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration of theportable terminal 100. As shown inFIG. 3 , theportable terminal 100 includes anoutput unit 11, aninput unit 12, astorage unit 13, acommunication unit 14, aGPS receiver 15, aninclination sensing unit 16, and acontrol unit 17. The components of theportable terminal 100 are connected to each other via a bus line which is not shown, and capable of exchanging necessary information among them. - The
output unit 11 includes thedisplay 110 and a speaker which is not shown, and outputs information for responding to an operation from the user of theterminal device 100 under the control of thecontrol unit 17. - The
input unit 12 includes thetouch panel 120 and functions as an interface for accepting an input of information or necessary commands through the operation from the user to theterminal device 100. In addition to thetouch panel 120, theinput unit 120 may also include a key, a switch, a button, and/or a voice input device for inputting various commands and data. - The
storage unit 13 stores programs for controlling theterminal device 100 and information necessary for the performance of theterminal device 100. Thestorage unit 13 also stores information of the size of thedisplay 110. - The
communication unit 14 exchanges data with other units in accordance with a predetermined communication protocol. Specifically, according to the embodiment, in the state that theportable terminal 100 is held by the portableterminal holding unit 7, thecommunication unit 14 receives the type information Ik from the nearfield communication tag 6 by wireless communication with the nearfield communication tag 6 shown inFIG. 4 . - The
GPS receiver 15 receives an electric wave for transmitting downlink data including position measurement data from plural GPS satellites. Thereby, theGPS receiver 15 generates present position information of theportable terminal 100 and sends it to thecontrol unit 17. Theinclination sensing unit 16 is an acceleration sensor or a gyroscope for example, and senses the inclination (tilt) of theterminal device 100. Theinclination sensing unit 16 sends a generated detection signal to thecontrol unit 17. It is noted that theinclination sensing unit 16 may sense not only the inclination in such a rotational direction that theportable terminal 100 in the front view illustrated inFIG. 2 is rotated but also such a rotational direction that theportable terminal 100 is rotated around the longitudinal direction or the short direction of theportable terminal 100. - The
control unit 17 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a RAM (Random Access Memory) which are not shown, and executes various kinds of controls of each component in theterminal device 100 by executing application software stored on thestorage unit 13. For example, on the basis of the type information Ik sent from the virtualimage display device 200, thecontrol unit 17 determines the display mode of the guide image Im so that the observer preferably see the virtual image Iv. The detail of the control method thereof will be explained in the section “Display Control Method”. - [Detail Configuration of Virtual Display Device]
- Next, a description will be given of the detail configuration of the virtual
image display device 200 with reference toFIGS. 4 and 5 .FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the side view of the virtualimage display device 200 where theportable terminal 100 is installed.FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the virtualimage display device 200 where theportable terminal 100 is installed. In either case ofFIGS. 4 and 5 , theportable terminal 100 is held by the portableterminal holding unit 7 in the horizontally-long state, i.e., in such a state that the longitudinal direction of theportable terminal 100 is parallel to the Y axis. - (1) Position Adjustment Mechanism of Combiner
- First, a description will be given of a mechanism for adjusting the position of the
combiner 5. - On both sides of the
base unit 3 in the Y axis direction, as illustrated inFIGS. 4 and 5 , there are providedguide parts 31 for sliding thearms 8 in the X axis direction. Each of theguide parts 31 has an opening (a hole) extending along the X axis direction. Theslide parts 32 connected to edges of thearms 8 are slidably fitted in theguide parts 31 in a state that they can slide along the X axis direction (seearrows FIG. 4 ). On each of theslide parts 32, there is provided arestriction part 320 which restricts the moving range of theslide part 32 to the range of the opening of theguide part 31. Therestriction parts 320 are fixed at theslide parts 32 and inserted to the openings of theguide parts 31 to slide along the openings in the X axis direction. - The
arms 8 are configured to rotate towards the vertical direction (seearrows FIG. 4 ) of the virtualimage display device 200 around their edges connected to theslide parts 32. The other edges opposite to the above-mentioned edges of thearms 8 hold thecombiner 5 so that thecombiner 5 can rotate around the Y axis (seearrows FIG. 4 ). - The above-mentioned configuration enables the user to preferably adjust the position of the
combiner 5 in the X axis direction by operating theslide parts 32. Generally, the display position and the size of the virtual image Iv depend on the distance between thecombiner 5 and thedisplay 110 where the display image is displayed. Thus, the user can adjust the display position and the size of the virtual image Iv by adjusting the position of thecombiner 5 in the X axis direction by using theslide parts 32. Additionally, the user can preferably adjust the position of thecombiner 5 by adjusting the angle at which thearms 8 are set to theslide parts 32 and the angle at which thecombiner 5 is set to thearms 8. Thus, the virtualimage display device 200 can preferably cope with the difference of the height of the ceiling per vehicle on which the virtualimage display device 200 is installed and the difference of the physical size per user. - (2) Positional Mechanism of Portable Terminal
- Next, a description will be given of a mechanism for adjusting the position of the
portable terminal 100 with reference toFIGS. 4 and 5 . - The portable
terminal holding unit 7 includes aninstallation part 70, ahinge part 71, afirst arm 72, asecond arm 74 and aholder 75. Theinstallation part 70 is provided on thebase unit 3. On theinstallation part 70, there is provided thehinge part 71 holding thefirst arm 72 so that thefirst arm 72 can rotate around the Y axis (seearrows FIG. 4 ). The other edge of thefirst arm 72 opposite to thehinge part 71 is connected to thesecond arm 74. Thesecond arm 74 is rotatably connected to thefirst arm 72 and rotates around the Y axis (seearrows second arm 74 is connected to the back surface of theholder 75 substantially at a right angle. - The
holder 75 sandwiches and holds theportable terminal 100. Theholder 75 includes asupport part 75 a for supporting theportable terminal 100 and a movingpart 75 b extending from thesupport part 75 a. The edge part 750 b of the movingpart 75 b is put in thesupport part 75 a. The movingpart 75 b is capable of sliding in the direction (seearrows portable terminal 100 is sandwiched. Thereby, theholder 75 can preferably hold theportable terminal 100 regardless of the size of theportable terminal 100. On the surface of thesupport part 75 a facing theportable terminal 100, there is provided the nearfield communication tag 6. The nearfield communication tag 6 is arranged at such at position that the nearfield communication tag 6 can communicate with thecommunication unit 14 of theportable terminal 100 installed on the portableterminal holding unit 7. - According to this configuration, the
first arm 72 is configured to adjust the mounting angle to theinstallation part 70 while thesecond arm 74 is configured to adjust the angle defined by thefirst arm 72 and thesecond arm 74. Thereby, the user can manually adjust the position of thedisplay 110 of theportable terminal 100 in order to preferably see the virtual image Iv. Generally, the display position and the size of the virtual image Iv depend on the distance between thecombiner 5 and thedisplay 110. Thus, the configuration enables the user to preferably adjust the display position and the size of the virtual image Iv by adjusting the distance from theholder 75 and theportable terminal 100 to thecombiner 5. - Preferably, the
holder 75 holds theportable terminal 100 in such a state that the normal line (seearrow 28 inFIG. 4 ) of thedisplay 110 passes above the center point (see dashedcircle 29 inFIG. 4 ) of the reflection surface of thecombiner 5. This can prevent theholder 75 and the portable terminal 100 from sticking out towards the head of the user and can produce enough clearance around the head. - The
second arm 74 is configured to rotate by approximately 180 degree with respect to thefirst arm 72 towards the direction indicated by thearrow 21 x inFIG. 4 . Thereby, theholder 75 holds thedisplay 110 of theportable terminal 100 while directing it to the eye point Pe. This explanation will be given with reference toFIG. 6 . -
FIG. 6 is a side view of theportable terminal 100 held by the portableterminal holding unit 7 in the state that theholder 75 inFIG. 4 is inversed. As illustrated inFIG. 6 , in this case, thedisplay 110 of theportable terminal 100 is fixed to be directed to the eye point Pe. Thus, in this state, the user can operate theportable terminal 100 installed on the portableterminal holding unit 7 while looking at thedisplay 110. - Next, a description will be given of the de-installation of the portable terminal 100 from the portable
terminal holding unit 7 with reference toFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 7 illustrates the state before and after removing theportable terminal 100 by sliding the movingpart 75 b of theholder 75 in the state ofFIG. 6 . InFIG. 7 , the movingpart 75 b and theportable terminal 100 before the de-installation of theportable terminal 100 is indicated by the dashed line. As illustrated inFIG. 7 , when removing theportable terminal 100, the user slides the movingpart 75 b in the direction (seearrow 22 x) that it moves farther away from thesupport part 75 a. Thereby, it is possible to preferably remove the portable terminal 100 from theholder 75. - [Display Control Method]
- Next, a description will be given of the display control method executed by the
control unit 17 of theportable terminal 100. By executing a predetermined application for displaying the guide image Im, thecontrol unit 17 determines the display mode of the guide image Im based on the type information Ik sent from the nearfield communication tag 6. - The examples of the type information Ik herein include information indicating the presence/absence of the necessity of inversing the guide image Im, information indicating in which state, the vertically long state or the horizontally long state, the
portable terminal 100 is held, information on the size of thecombiner 5, information on the distance between thecombiner 5 and the portableterminal holding unit 7, information on the angle at which theportable terminal 100 is set with respect to thecombiner 5, information on the size of theportable terminal 100 which the portableterminal holding unit 7 can hold, and information on the curvature of thecombiner 5. It is noted that such a value that can be changed by user operation (e.g., the distance between thecombiner 5 and the portableterminal holding unit 7 and the angle at which theportable terminal 100 is set with respect to the combiner 5) is determined to a standard value in case of normal use. - On the basis of the type information Ik, the
control unit 17 determines the presence/absence of the necessity of inverting the guide image Im, the direction of the guide image Im, the size of the guide image Im, the display position of the guide image Im on thedisplay 110 and the ratio (i.e., aspect ratio) of expansion and contraction of the guide image Im in the vertical and the horizontal directions. The concrete example thereof will be explained below with reference toFIGS. 8A and 8B . -
FIG. 8A is a front view of theportable terminal 100 displaying the guide image Im, andFIG. 8B illustrates the virtual image Iv seen by the user through thecombiner 5 in the case ofFIG. 8A . - According to the example illustrated in
FIGS. 8A and 8B , on the basis of the type information Ik sent from the nearfield communication tag 6, thecontrol unit 17 recognizes that the virtual image Iv seen through thecombiner 5 is supposed to be displayed in a state that it is horizontally inverted with respect to the guide image Im. Thus, in this case, as illustrated inFIG. 8A , thecontrol unit 17 horizontally inverts the guide image Im and displays the guide image Im on thedisplay 110. By recognizing the presence/absence of the necessity of inverting the guide image Im based on the type information Ik in this way, thecontrol unit 17 can let the user properly recognize the virtual image Iv. - Additionally, on the basis of the type information Ik, the
control unit 17 recognizes in which state, the vertically long sate or the horizontally long state, thedisplay 110 is held, and determines the direction of the guide image Im in accordance with the recognition result. Concretely, when theportable terminal 100 is held in the vertically long state, thecontrol unit 17 matches the vertical direction of the guide image Im to the longitudinal direction of thedisplay 110. In contrast, when theportable terminal 100 is held in the horizontally long state, thecontrol unit 17 matches the vertical direction of the guide image Im to the short direction of thedisplay 110. It is noted that thecontrol unit 17 may determine the direction of the guide image Im based on the output of theinclination sensing unit 16 instead of the type information Ik. - The
control unit 17 also determines the size of the guide image Im on thedisplay 110 based on the size information of thecombiner 5 included in the type information Ik and the size information of thedisplay 110 stored in thestorage unit 13. For example, in this case, thestorage unit 13 stores in advance a map indicating a proper size of the guide image Im with respect to each possible combination of the size of thecombiner 5 and the size of thedisplay 110, and thecontrol unit 17 determines the size of the guide image Im with reference to the above-mentioned map. In the case of the example illustrated inFIGS. 8A and 8B , thecontrol unit 17 determines that the whole guide image Im is not projected onto the combiner 5 (i.e., apart of the guide image Im deviates from the combiner 5) when the guide image Im is displayed on the whole area of thedisplay 110. Then, thecontrol unit 17 minifies the size of the guide image Im by a predetermined ratio. Thereby, thecontrol unit 17 can preferably let the user visually recognize the whole guide image Im as the virtual image Iv. - The
control unit 17 also determines the display position of the guide image Im on thedisplay 110 on the basis of the type information Ik indicating the angle at which theportable terminal 100 is set with respect to thecombiner 5. For example, in this case, thestorage unit 13 stores in advance a map indicating a proper display position of the guide image Im with respect to each possible angle at which theportable terminal 100 is set with respect to thecombiner 5. Then, thecontrol unit 17 determines the display position of the guide image Im with reference to the map. In the case of the example illustrated inFIGS. 8A and 8B , thecontrol unit 17 determines that the virtual image Iv deviates from the center of thecombiner 5 towards the bottom left when the guide image Im is displayed at the center of thedisplay 110. Thus, thecontrol unit 17 shifts the guide image Im towards the top right in advance. Thereby, thecontrol unit 17 can preferably display the virtual image Iv at the center position of thecombiner 5. - In a similar way, the
control unit 17 determines the aspect ratio of the guide image Im based on the type information Ik. For example, in this case, thestorage unit 13 stores in advance a map indicating a proper aspect ratio of the guide image Im with respect to each possible setting angle of theportable terminal 100 included in the type information Ik. Then, thecontrol unit 17 determines the aspect ratio of the guide image Im with reference to the map. In the case of the example illustrated inFIGS. 8A and 8B , on the basis of the type information Ik, thecontrol unit 17 recognizes that the virtual image Iv to be displayed is supposed to vertically shrink from the guide image Im by a predetermined ratio, and therefore displays the guide image Im based on an aspect ratio that is a vertically-longer ratio than a normal aspect ratio. Thereby, thecontrol unit 17 can let the user visually recognize the virtual image Iv at a proper aspect ratio. - Preferably, the
control unit 17 may change the display mode of the guide image Im based on the input from theinput unit 12. Generally, there is a user that cannot properly see the virtual image Iv even when the guide image Im is corrected in the above way based on the type information Ik. In consideration of the above fact, thecontrol unit 17 accepts the input for correcting the display position and/or the aspect ratio of the guide image Im from theinput unit 12 thereby to change the display mode of the guide image Im based on the input. In this way, thecontrol unit 17 can preferably adjust the display mode of the virtual image Iv in accordance with the preference of the user. - As mentioned above, the virtual
image display device 200 according to the first embodiment is provided with the portableterminal holding unit 7, thecombiner 5 and thebase unit 3. The portableterminal holding unit 7 detachably holds aportable terminal 100 equipped with adisplay 110 for displaying a guide image Im. Thecombiner 5 reflects light of the guide image Im displayed by theportable terminal 100 to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image Iv overlapping with the front scenery. Thebase unit 3 is connected to the portableterminal holding unit 7 and thecombiner 5. In this way, the virtualimage display device 200 detachably holds theportable terminal 100 and uses theportable terminal 100 as a light source. Thus, the virtualimage display device 200 can preferably let the user visually recognize the virtual image Iv by using theportable terminal 100 of the user. - According to the second embodiment, in addition to the display control of the guide image Im according to the first embodiment, the
control unit 17 preferably performs the keystone (trapezoidal distortion) correction of the guide image Im. Thereby, as an area of thedisplay 110 is close to thecombiner 5, thecontrol unit 17 minifies the image to be displayed on the area. -
FIG. 9 is a side view of the virtual image display system illustrating the positional relationship among thedisplay 110, thecombiner 5 and the virtual image Iv. Hereinafter the portion of the guide image Im displayed on the top edge of thedisplay 110 is referred to as “top edge image portion”, and the portion of the guide image Im displayed on the bottom edge of thedisplay 110 is referred to as “bottom edge image portion”. - In the case of
FIG. 9 , the distance “a1” between the top edge image portion and the position of thecombiner 5 onto which the top edge image portion is projected is longer than the distance “a2” between the bottom edge image portion and the position of thecombiner 5 onto which the bottom edge image portion is projected. Thus, the distance “b1” between the position of thecombiner 5 onto which the top edge image portion is projected and the forming position of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the top edge image portion is longer than the distance “b2” between the position of thecombiner 5 onto which the bottom edge image portion is projected and the forming position of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the bottom edge image portion. As a result, regarding the display size, the part of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the bottom edge image portion becomes larger than the part of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the top edge image portion. Thus, when the rectangular guide image Im is displayed, the virtual image Iv is displayed in a trapezoidal shape whose top edge is short. - In consideration of the above-mentioned fact, according to the second embodiment, the
control unit 17 displays the guide image Im so that as an area of thedisplay 110 is close to thecombiner 5, the image portion displayed on the area becomes small. Concretely, on the basis of the output of theinclination sensing unit 16, thecontrol unit 17 recognizes the inclination of thedisplay 110 with respect to the Z axis, and performs the keystone correction of the guide image Im in accordance with the recognized inclination of thedisplay 110. In this case, for example, thecontrol unit 17 performs the keystone correction of the guide image Im by referring to a map, stored on thestorage unit 13 in advance, indicating a proper correction amount of the keystone correction of the guide image Im with respect to each possible inclination of thedisplay 110. It is noted that thecontrol unit 17 may calculate a relative inclination of thedisplay 110 to thecombiner 5 with reference to information on the inclination of thecombiner 5 included in the type information Ik in addition to the inclination of thedisplay 110 to perform the keystone correction of the guide image Im in accordance with the relative inclination. - Hereinafter, with reference to
FIGS. 10 and 11 , a supplemental explanation will be given of the relationship between the distances a1, a2 and the distances b1, b2 inFIG. 9 . -
FIG. 10 schematically illustrates the positional relationship among the object point of an object, thecombiner 5 and the virtual image Iv. Hereinafter, the distance between the object point P1 and thecombiner 5 is referred to as “a”, the distance between the virtual image Iv and thecombiner 5 is referred to as “b”, and the curvature radius of the reflection surface of thecombiner 5 is referred to as “r”. - In this case, on the basis of the image formation formula, the distances “a”, “b” and the focal length “f” have a relationship defined by the following equation (1).
-
1/a+1/(−b)=1/f (1) - It is noted that the focal length “f” of the reflection surface of the
combiner 5 is equal to a half of the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of thecombiner 5 as indicated by the following equation (2). -
f=r/2 (2) - According to the equations (1) and (2), provided that the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of the
combiner 5 is constant, the distance “b” between thecombiner 5 and the virtual image Iv varies depending on the distance “a” between thecombiner 5 and the object point P1. -
FIG. 11 illustrates a graph indicating the relationship between the distance “a” and the distance “b” in the case that the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of thecombiner 5 is constant. As illustrated inFIG. 11 , when the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of thecombiner 5 is constant, the longer the distance “a” between thecombiner 5 and the object point P1 is, the longer the distance “b” between thecombiner 5 and the virtual image Iv becomes. The distances a1 and a2 inFIG. 9 correspond to the distance “a” inFIG. 10 , and the distances b1 and b2 correspond to the distance “b” inFIG. 10 . Since the distance a2 is shorter than the distance a1, the distance b2 corresponding to the bottom edge image portion inFIG. 9 is shorter than the distance b1 corresponding to the top edge image portion. - In this way, when the
portable terminal 100 is held in the state that thedisplay 110 is inclined to be directed to a higher point than the center point of thecombiner 5, the portion of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the bottom edge image portion is displayed so that it is closer and larger than the portion of the virtual image Iv corresponding to the top edge image portion. Thus, in this case, thecontrol unit 17 performs the keystone correction of the guide image Im so that the display width of the guide image Im gradually becomes narrower as the position is closer to the bottom edge and farther from the top edge of the guide image Im. Thereby, thecontrol unit 17 can let the user preferably see the virtual image Iv. - According to the third embodiment, instead of or in addition to the second embodiment, the
combiner 5 of the virtualimage display device 200 has a concave reflection surface whose curvature at a position gradually becomes large as the position is close to the bottom edge and far from the top edge. Thereby, the virtualimage display device 200 prevents the virtual image Iv from the trapezoidal distortion while letting the whole virtual image Iv be seen at a constant distance from the eye point Pe. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a graph indicating the relationship between the distance “b” and the curvature radius “r” of thecombiner 5 in the case that the distance “a” is constant. As illustrated inFIG. 12 , when the distance “a” is constant, the distance “b” is negatively correlated with the curvature radius “r”. Thus, according to the third embodiment, the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of thecombiner 5 gradually becomes small as the position is close to the bottom edge and far from the top edge in order to compensate for the distance “b” being shorter and shorter towards the downside of thecombiner 5 due to the inclination of theportable terminal 100 to thecombiner 5. Thereby, it is possible to let the virtual image Iv be seen so that the distance from the eye point Pe to each position of the whole virtual image Iv is equal. - Next, the effect of the third embodiment will be described with reference to
FIG. 13 . -
FIG. 13 illustrates an example of eyesight of the driver including thecombiner 5. In the case ofFIG. 13 , the virtual image display system displays as the virtual image Iv theroute image 90 indicating a route where the vehicle is supposed to run at the vertically inversed position of the road in the scenery corresponding to the route with respect to the horizon line. - In this case, the bottom edge image portion (see the dashed frame 95) of the
route image 90 indicates the road portion at the position relatively far from the present position, and the top edge image portion (see the dashed frame 96) of theroute image 90 indicates the road portion at the position relatively close to the present position. In contrast, as mentioned inFIG. 9 , when theportable terminal 100 is directed to a position higher than thecombiner 5, the distance b1 corresponding to the top edge image portion of theroute image 90 is longer than the distance b2 corresponding to the bottom edge image portion of theroute image 90. Thus, in this case, the top edge image portion of theroute image 90 corresponding to the road closer to the present position is displayed at a position farther from the eye point Pe whereas the bottom edge image portion of theroute image 90 corresponding to the road farther from the present position is displayed at a position closer to the eye point Pe. Thus, in this case, the virtual image Iv is displayed contrary to the proper distance sense of the virtual image Iv. - Above things considered, according to the third embodiment, the curvature radius “r” becomes gradually small as the position is close to the bottom edge and far from the top edge of the reflection surface of the
combiner 5. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the distance “b” between thecombiner 5 and the virtual image Iv from being shorter towards the downside of thecombiner 5 due to the inclination of theportable terminal 100 to thecombiner 5. - Preferably, in the case of
FIG. 9 , the curvature radius “r” of the reflection surface of thecombiner 5 may be gradually small as the position is far from the top edge and close to the bottom edge so that the distance b1 between the portion of thecombiner 5 corresponding to the top edge image portion and the virtual image Iv is shorter than the distance b2 between the portion of thecombiner 5 corresponding to the bottom edge image portion and the virtual image Iv. Namely, in this case, beyond the decrease amount of the distance “b” between thecombiner 5 and the virtual image Iv caused by the position of thecombiner 5 getting close to the bottom due to the inclination of theportable terminal 100 to thecombiner 5, the curvature variation of the reflection surface of thecombiner 5 is determined to lengthen the distance “b” between thecombiner 5 and the virtual image Iv as the position of thecombiner 5 is close to the bottom. Thereby, it becomes possible to allow the user to realistically see theroute image 90 inFIG. 13 by displaying the virtual image Iv so that the closer the position of the virtual image Iv is to the bottom portion, the farther the distance therefrom to the eye point Pe becomes. - In this case, the type information Ik may include information on the curvature of the
combiner 5. In this case, on the basis of the information on the curvature of thecombiner 5, thecontrol unit 17 of theportable terminal 100 changes the display position on thedisplay 110 so that an image corresponding to a position farther from the present position is projected onto a position of thecombiner 5 at which the curvature radius “r” is smaller. - According to the fourth embodiment, in addition to any of the first to the third embodiments, the
control unit 17 detects the inclination of thedisplay 110 with respect to the horizontal direction and rotates the guide image Im against the inclination of thedisplay 110 by the inclination amount. Thereby, thecontrol unit 17 properly displays the virtual image Iv without the inclination of the virtual image Iv with respect to the horizontal direction even when the vehicle is running on a dirt road, for example. - Generally, when the road where the vehicle is running is in a bad condition, the virtual
image display device 200 has a tendency to lean towards right or left (i.e., rolling direction) with respect to the horizontal direction together with the vehicle. In this case, the user unconsciously tends to try to correct the eye direction by moving the upper body because of a human property. As a result, the user visually recognizes the virtual image Iv leant to the right or the left with respect to the horizontal direction. The above things considered, thecontrol unit 17 detects the rolling inclination of thedisplay 110 with respect to the horizontal direction based on the output of theinclination sensing unit 16 thereby to rotate the guide image Im against the inclination by the inclination amount. -
FIG. 14A is a front view of theportable terminal 100 leant towards the counterclockwise direction by the angle “θ” with respect to the horizontal direction.FIG. 14B is a display example of the virtual image Iv seen through thecombiner 5. - As illustrated in
FIG. 14A , in this case, thedisplay 110 is leant in the counterclockwise direction by the angle θ with respect to the horizontal direction while thecombiner 5 is leant in the clockwise direction by the angle θ as illustrated inFIG. 14B . In this case, on the basis of the output of theinclination sensing unit 16, thecontrol unit 17 detects that thedisplay 110 is leant in the counterclockwise direction by the angle θ with respect to the horizontal direction. Thus, thecontrol unit 17 rotates the guide image Im on thedisplay 110 in the clockwise direction opposite to the counterclockwise direction by the angle θ. Thereby, as illustrated inFIG. 14A , the side direction of the guide image Im becomes parallel to the horizontal direction. As a result, the virtual image Iv is displayed without leaning with respect to the horizontal direction as illustrated inFIG. 14B . - In this way, according to the fourth embodiment, the
control unit 17 can let the user properly see the virtual image Iv without any inclination of the virtual image Iv even when the vehicle is running on a dirt road. - The configuration according to the fourth embodiment also enables the
control unit 17 to let the user properly see the virtual image Iv without any inclination of the virtual image Iv even when the virtualimage display device 200 cannot be horizontally set to the vehicle under the restriction due to the vehicle shape. - According to the fifth embodiment, the
portable terminal 100 is set in substantially parallel with thebase unit 3. This preferably ensures enough clearance around the head of the driver. -
FIG. 15 is a side view of a virtualimage display device 200A in the stored state according to the fifth embodiment, andFIG. 16 is a side view of a virtualimage display device 200A displaying the virtual image Iv. - As illustrated in
FIG. 15 , the virtualimage display device 200A includes thebase unit 3, thereflection unit 4, thecombiner 5, the portableterminal holding unit 7A, thearms 8, and theclip unit 9. Hereinafter, components of the virtualimage display device 200A same as the virtualimage display device 200 according to the first embodiment are provided with the same reference numbers and the explanation thereof will be omitted. The nearfield communication tag 6 which is not shown herein is set to such a position that it can communicate with thecommunication unit 14 of theportable terminal 100 installed on the portableterminal holding unit 7A. - The
reflection unit 4 has amirror 40 for reflecting the light emitted from thedisplay 110 to thecombiner 5. Thereflection unit 4 is capable of rotating around the Y axis on therotation axis part 41. Therotation axis part 41 is supported by the supportingpart 38 that is provided on the surface of thebase unit 3 opposite to the surface contacting theclip unit 9. Thereflection unit 4 also has thestopper 42 for fixing thereflection unit 4 to the portableterminal holding unit 7A. Themirror 40 is an example of “the reflection unit” according to the present invention. - The portable
terminal holding unit 7A holds theportable terminal 100 in approximately parallel with thebase unit 3. The portableterminal holding unit 7A is equipped with a pair ofarms 76 which sandwich and hold the portable terminal 100 from both sides of theportable terminal 100. The portableterminal holding unit 7A also includes a rotating shaft rotatably fixed at the supportingpart 38 which is not shown, and the portableterminal holding unit 7A is capable of rotating from the state ofFIG. 15 towards the counterclockwise direction up to approximately 90°. The portableterminal holding unit 7A includes thefitting unit 78 capable of being fitted to thestopper 42. Thefitting unit 78 is fitted to thestopper 42 when the top edge of thestopper 42 gets contact with it by a predetermined pressure. In a state that thefitting unit 78 and thestopper 42 are fitted together, thestopper 42 is detached from thefitting unit 78 when a predetermined pressure for detaching thestopper 42 is applied to thestopper 42. - As illustrated in
FIG. 15 , when the virtualimage display device 200A is in the stored state, thereflection unit 4 is rotated to such a position that themirror 40 is in substantially parallel with thebase unit 3. Thereby, it is possible to ensure the clearance around the head when the virtualimage display device 200A is not used. - In contrast, when the virtual
image display device 200A is set up, thereflection unit 4 is rotated from the state ofFIG. 15 towards the counterclockwise direction by a predetermined angle. Thereby, as illustrated inFIG. 16 , themirror 40 is fixed to face thedisplay 110 and to reflect the light of thedisplay 110 to thecombiner 5. In this way, the virtualimage display device 200A can let the user see the virtual image Iv by projecting the display light of theportable terminal 100 provided in substantially parallel with thebase unit 3 onto thecombiner 5. - As illustrated in
FIG. 16 , after reflecting the guide image Im by themirror 40, the virtualimage display device 200A reflects the reflection light by thecombiner 5 thereby to let the light for displaying the guide image Im enter the eye point Pe. Thus, in this case, unlike in the case of virtualimage display device 200 according to the first to the fourth embodiments, it is not necessary for thecontrol unit 17 to horizontally invert the guide image Im before displaying it on thedisplay 110. In this case, the type information Ik acquired from the nearfield communication tag 6 which is not shown includes information indicating needlessness to invert the guide image Im, and thecontrol unit 17 of theportable terminal 100 displays on thedisplay 110 the guide image Im without horizontally inversing the guide image Im based on the type information Ik. - Next, with reference to
FIGS. 17A and 17B , a description will be given of a case that the user operates theportable terminal 100 in the installation state that theportable terminal 100 is held by the portableterminal holding unit 7A. -
FIG. 17A is a side view of the virtualimage display device 200A in a case that thereflection unit 4 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction from the state ofFIG. 15 by approximately 90°. In this case, as illustrated inFIG. 17A , thestopper 42 is in contact with and fitted to thefitting unit 78. In this state, thereflection unit 4 and the portableterminal holding unit 7A are capable of rotating together. -
FIG. 17B is a side view of the virtualimage display device 200A after rotating thereflection unit 4 and the portableterminal holding unit 7A in the counterclockwise direction from the state of theFIG. 17A by approximately 45°. In this case, since thestopper 42 is fitted to thefitting unit 78, thereflection unit 4 and the portableterminal holding unit 7A rotate from the state ofFIG. 17A by the same angle. In the state ofFIG. 17B , the portableterminal holding unit 7A is locked to the supportingpart 38 of thebase unit 3. Thus, in this case, the user can preferably operate theportable terminal 100 while facing and looking at thedisplay 110. - It is noted that the virtual
image display device 200A according to the fifth embodiment may include a GPS receiver thereby to wirelessly send the measured information to theportable terminal 100 in consideration of the fact that theportable terminal 100 is placed below theceiling board 28. Thereby, theportable terminal 100 can preferably obtain the present position information even when theGPS receiver 15 of theportable terminal 100 does not work. The receiving antenna for receiving radio waves from GPS satellites may be provided on the dashboard of the vehicle for example, and it is connected to the GPS receiver of the virtualimage display device 200A via a cable. In another example, the virtualimage display device 200A may be capable of stand-alone measurement with various kinds of sensors such as a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor and a distance sensor in addition to the GPS receiver. The virtualimage display device 200A may be configured to obtain various kind of vehicle information from the vehicle such as vehicle speed pulses. These modifications can be applied not only to the fifth embodiment but also to the first to the fourth embodiments. By sending the obtained information to theportable terminal 100, the virtualimage display device 200 can preferably let theportable terminal 100 perform the route navigation and the like. - Hereinafter, preferred modifications of the above-mentioned embodiment will be described below. Each modification mentioned later can be applied to the above-mentioned embodiment in combination.
- In the case of the first to the fourth embodiments, the
control unit 17 may determine whether thedisplay 110 is directed to thecombiner 5 or to the eye point Pe thereby to determine whether or not to horizontally invert the guide image Im based on the determination result. Concretely, if thedisplay 110 is directed to thecombiner 5 as illustrated inFIG. 4 , thecontrol unit 17 horizontally inverts the guide image Im. In contrast, if thedisplay 110 is directed to the eye point Pe as illustrated inFIG. 6 , thecontrol unit 17 does not invert the guide image Im. - A description will be given of concrete examples of the determination method of the direction of the
display 110. Hereinafter, it is assumed that theinclination sensing unit 16 is an acceleration sensor configured to detect the acceleration in the thickness direction of theportable terminal 100. - First, the
control unit 17 monitors the output of theinclination sensing unit 16 after determining that the vehicle is accelerating based on the output of theGPS receiver 15. Concretely, the control unit recognizes that the vehicle is advancing if the vehicle moves at a velocity faster than a predetermined velocity (e.g., 20 km/h), and monitors the variation of the vehicle speed. Thereafter, when determining that the vehicle is advancing and accelerating, thecontrol unit 17 monitors the output of theinclination sensing unit 16. Then, thecontrol unit 17 determines whether the direction of the acceleration indicated by the output of theinclination sensing unit 16 is to the direction of the display or to the direction of theback surface 130. If the acceleration indicated by the output of theinclination sensing unit 16 is an acceleration whose positive direction is towards thedisplay 110, thecontrol unit 17 determines that thedisplay 110 is directed to thecombiner 5. In contrast, if the acceleration indicated by the output of theinclination sensing unit 16 is an acceleration whose negative direction is towards thedisplay 110, thecontrol unit 17 determines that thedisplay 110 is directed to the eye point Pe. Similarly, when determining that the vehicle is decelerating towards the front direction and that the acceleration indicated by the output of theinclination sensing unit 16 is an acceleration whose negative direction is towards thedisplay 110, thecontrol unit 17 determines that thedisplay 110 is directed to the combiners. Once the above-mentioned determination of the direction of thedisplay 110 is made, thecontrol unit 17 may recognize the necessity of switching the direction of thedisplay 110 by determining whether or not thedisplay 110 is horizontally inverted based on theinclination sensing unit 16 until theportable terminal 100 is detected to be detached from the portableterminal holding unit 7. - As an alternative example of the above-mentioned concrete example, the
control unit 17 determines whether or not the face of the user is shown in an image generated by a camera of theportable terminal 100 which is not shown, and determines that the face of the user is directed to the side of theportable terminal 100 on which the camera is provided if the face of the user is shown in the image. For example, provided that the camera is provided on the side of thedisplay 110 and that the face of the user is detected from the image, thecontrol unit 17 recognizes that thedisplay 110 is directed to the eye point Pe. It is noted that thecontrol unit 17 may use various kinds of known facial recognition technologies when determining whether or not the face is shown in the image and whether or not the detected face coincides with the registered face of the user. Even in this case, thecontrol unit 17 can preferably determine the direction of thedisplay 110. - According to the first modification, by switching the horizontal inversion and non-inversion of the guide image Im, the
control unit 17 can properly display the image on thedisplay 110 even when the user operates theportable terminal 100 held by the virtualimage display device 200. - According to the first embodiment, the
control unit 17 detects that theportable terminal 100 has been installed on the portableterminal holding unit 7 by receiving a wireless signal including the type information Ik from the nearfield communication tag 6. Instead of or in addition to this, thecontrol unit 17 may recognize that theportable terminal 100 has been installed on the portableterminal holding unit 7 and should invert the guide image Im by determining that a predetermined navigation application for displaying the guide image Im is running and that theportable terminal 100 is being charged, -
FIG. 18 is a side view of the virtualimage display device 200B according to the second modification. As illustrated inFIG. 18 , the virtualimage display device 200B includes abattery charger unit 78 and acable 79. Thebattery charger 78 is provided on the back surface of theholder 75 and charges theportable terminal 100 by receiving electric power from thecable 79 connected to the accessory socket. Thebattery charger 78 may be a wireless power feeding apparatus complying with the Qi standard for example. Thebattery charger 78 may be a power feeding connecter for supplying electric power to theportable terminal 100 instead of the wireless power feeding apparatus. It is noted that the nearfield communication tag 6 which is not shown is provided at such a position that it can communicate with thecommunication unit 14 of theportable terminal 100 installed on the portableterminal holding unit 7. - In the case of
FIG. 18 , theportable terminal 100 is charged when it is installed on the virtualimage display device 200B. Thus, thecontrol unit 17 determines that theportable terminal 100 is installed on the portableterminal holding unit 7 if a predetermined navigation application for displaying the guide image Im is running and theportable terminal 100 is being charged. - The
combiner 5 may includes a light shielding plate at a position where the plate shields the light coming against the direction in which the virtual image Iv is seen by the user. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the visibility of the virtual image Iv from deteriorating even when the natural light nearby is strong. -
FIG. 19 is a side view of the virtualimage display device 200C according to the third modification. As illustrated inFIG. 19 , the virtualimage display device 200C has a shieldingplate 50 overlapping with the surface of thecombiner 5 opposite to the reflection surface. The shieldingplate 50 shields all or a part of the light entering thecombiner 5 against the direction in which the virtual image Iv is seen by the user. Thereby, the virtualimage display device 200C can let the user properly see the virtual image Iv even when the brightness of the guide image Im is lower than the brightness of the natural light. In particular, since the virtual image display system according to any of the first to the fifth embodiments uses the guide image Im displayed on thedisplay 110 of theportable terminal 100 as an intermediate image, it is hard to ensure a sufficient brightness. Thus, according to the third modification, it is possible to let the user preferably see the virtual image Iv. - It is noted that the shielding
plate 50 is configured to open and close with respect to thecombiner 5. In this case, for example, the shieldingplate 50 is capable of rotating within the range from the position ofFIG. 19 to the position along thearms 8, and is placed at the position along thearms 8 in the non-use state. Preferably, thecontrol unit 17 may decrease the brightness of the guide image Im when detecting the close state of the shieldingplate 50 to thecombiner 5 based on the output from a sensor (not shown) sensing the opening and the closing of the shieldingplate 50 to thecombiner 5. Thereby, it is possible to preferably suppress the power consumption of theportable terminal 100. More preferably, the shieldingplate 50 is controlled to open and close based on a control signal sent from thecontrol unit 17, and thecontrol unit 17 sends the shielding plate 50 a control signal for instructing the shieldingplate 50 to close to thecombiner 5 if the remaining capacity of the battery of theportable terminal 100 is equal to or lower than a predetermined amount. Thereby, it is possible to preferably suppress the power consumption of theportable terminal 100 when the battery of theportable terminal 100 is weakening. - In the case of
FIG. 4 , theinstallation part 70 of the portableterminal holding unit 7 may be configured to slide on thebase unit 3 along the X axis direction. In this case, for example, on thebase unit 3, there is provided a rail in order for theinstallation part 70 to slide, and theinstallation part 70 is slidably fitted to the rail. Such a configuration that the portableterminal holding unit 7 is configured to slide in the X axis direction enables the user to preferably adjust the clearance around the head and the distance between thedisplay 110 and thecombiner 5. - The virtual
image display device 200 is attached to thesun visor 29. However, the attachment position of the virtualimage display device 200 to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to the position. Instead, the virtualimage display device 200 may be provided on or in the dashboard. -
FIG. 20 is a side view of the virtualimage display device 200D provided on the dashboard. In case ofFIG. 20 , the virtualimage display device 200D corresponds to the virtualimage display device 200 according to the first embodiment vertically inverted except theclip unit 9. Thebase unit 3 is fixed on the dashboard. Theportable terminal 100 is installed on the portableterminal holding unit 7 of the virtualimage display device 200D and functions as the light source of the virtual image display system. In such a mode that the mounting position is the dashboard, the virtualimage display device 200D can let the user properly see the virtual image Iv corresponding to the guide image Im outputted by thedisplay 110 of theportable terminal 100. - In another example, the virtual
image display device 200 may be attached to theceiling board 28 instead of thesun visor 29. In this case, for example, instead of theclip unit 9, on the top surface of thebase unit 3 of the virtualimage display device 200, there is provided a member for fitting into an attachment hole (not shown) provided on theceiling board 28 for mounting thesun visor 29. - The virtual
image display device 200 may be configured to have a reflection mirror (not shown) which shields the natural light instead of thecombiner 5. In this case, it is possible to let the user properly see the virtual image Iv even when the brightness of the guide image Im is lower than the brightness of the natural light. - According to the first to the fourth embodiments, the
clip unit 9 of the virtualimage display device 200 is attached to thebase unit 3. Instead, theclip unit 9 and thebase unit 3 are connected through a rotatable connection member. -
FIG. 21 is a side view of the virtualimage display device 200 according to the eighth modification. As illustrated inFIG. 21 , theclip unit 9 is connected to the ball link 35 provided on thebase unit 3. The ball link 35 rotatably holds theclip unit 9 so that theclip unit 9 can rotate with respect to thebase unit 3. The ball link 35 is an example of “the connecting member” according to the present invention. According to such a configuration, by rotating thebase unit 3 with respect to theclip unit 9, it is possible to properly set the virtualimage display device 200 to a vehicle without any inclination of thecombiner 5 even when thesun visor 29 of the vehicle is provided to be horizontally leant. - In another example, a rotatable connecting member may be provided to connect the
base unit 3 to the member fitted into the attachment hole on theceiling board 28 for setting thesun visor 29 according to fifth modification. -
-
- 11 Output unit
- 12 Input unit
- 13 Storage unit
- 14 Communication unit
- 15 GPS receiver
- 16 Inclination sensing unit
- 17 Control unit
- 100 Portable terminal
- 110 Display
- 120 Touch panel
- 200, 200A to 200D Virtual image display device
Claims (22)
1. A virtual image display device comprising:
a holding unit configured to detachably hold a portable terminal equipped with a display surface for displaying an image;
a combiner configured to reflect light of the image emitted from the display surface to let an observer visually recognize the image as a virtual image; and
a base unit connected to the holding unit and the combiner,
wherein the combiner and the holding unit are connected to be configured to change distance between the combiner and the holding unit.
2. The virtual image display device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the base unit is connected to a ceiling part of a vehicle or an attachment unit configured to be attached to a sun visor on the ceiling part.
3. The virtual image display device according to claim 2 ,
wherein the base unit includes a connecting member configured to rotatably connect the base unit to the attachment unit.
4. The virtual image display device according to claim 2 ,
wherein the holding unit holds the portable terminal in a state that a normal line of the display surface passes above a center point of a reflection surface of the combiner.
5. The virtual image display device according to claim 4 ,
wherein the combiner has a concave reflection surface whose curvature becomes gradually larger at a position closer to a bottom of the combiner and farther from a top of the combiner.
6. The virtual image display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the curvature of the reflection surface gradually varies so that image formation distance of the virtual image corresponding to the bottom of the combiner is longer than the image formation distance of the virtual image corresponding to the top of the combiner.
7. The virtual image display device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the combiner and to the observer.
8. (canceled)
9. The virtual image display device according to claim 1 , further comprising
a sending unit configured to send information on a type of the virtual image display device used for the portable terminal to switch a display mode of the image displayed on the display surface, and
wherein the sending unit sends the information on the type to the portable terminal at a time when distance between the holding unit and the portable terminal is equal to or shorter than a predetermined distance.
10. The virtual image display device according to claim 1 , further comprising
a reflection unit connected to the base unit to reflect the light of the image displayed on the display surface of the portable terminal to the combiner,
wherein the holding unit holds and directs the display surface of the portable terminal to the reflection unit.
11. The virtual image display device according to claim 10 ,
wherein the holding unit holds the display surface of the portable terminal in substantially parallel with the base unit.
12. The virtual image display device according to claim 10 ,
wherein the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the reflection unit and to the observer.
13. The virtual image display device according to claim 12 ,
wherein the reflection unit is connected to the base unit to be configured to rotate in the same direction as rotational direction of the holding unit, and
wherein the holding unit rotates together with the reflection unit within a predetermined angle range of a rotatable range of the reflection unit.
14. (canceled)
15. The virtual image display device according to claim 1 ,
wherein on the combiner, there is provided a light shielding member configured to block out or decay natural light coming against direction in which the virtual image is visually recognized by the observer.
16. The virtual image display device according to claim 3 ,
wherein the holding unit holds the portable terminal in a state that a normal line of the display surface passes above a center point of a reflection surface of the combiner.
17. The virtual image display device according to claim 2 ,
wherein the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the combiner and to the observer.
18. The virtual image display device according to claim 3 ,
wherein the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the combiner and to the observer.
19. The virtual image display device according to claim 4 ,
wherein the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the combiner and to the observer.
20. The virtual image display device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the combiner and to the observer.
21. The virtual image display device according to claim 6 ,
wherein the holding unit is rotatably connected to the base unit to be configured to direct the display surface of the portable terminal held by the holding unit to the combiner and to the observer.
22. The virtual image display device according to claim 2 , further comprising
a sending unit configured to send information on a type of the virtual image display device used for the portable terminal to switch a display mode of the image displayed on the display surface, and
wherein the sending unit sends the information on the type to the portable terminal at a time when distance between the holding unit and the portable terminal is equal to or shorter than a predetermined distance.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5977443B2 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
WO2014162420A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
US10310264B2 (en) | 2019-06-04 |
US20180231776A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
JPWO2014162420A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
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