US20150290396A1 - Drug dispensing-tracking device, system and method - Google Patents

Drug dispensing-tracking device, system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150290396A1
US20150290396A1 US14/438,177 US201314438177A US2015290396A1 US 20150290396 A1 US20150290396 A1 US 20150290396A1 US 201314438177 A US201314438177 A US 201314438177A US 2015290396 A1 US2015290396 A1 US 2015290396A1
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Prior art keywords
injection device
drug
injection
sensor
signal
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US14/438,177
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English (en)
Inventor
Ron Nagar
Gabriel Bitton
Moshe Fadlun
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Insuline Medical Ltd
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Insuline Medical Ltd
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Priority to US14/438,177 priority Critical patent/US20150290396A1/en
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Assigned to INSULINE MEDICAL LTD. reassignment INSULINE MEDICAL LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FADLUN, Moshe, NAGAR, RON, BITTON, GABRIEL
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/315—Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
    • A61M5/31533—Dosing mechanisms, i.e. setting a dose
    • A61M5/31535—Means improving security or handling thereof, e.g. blocking means, means preventing insufficient dosing, means allowing correction of overset dose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3202—Devices for protection of the needle before use, e.g. caps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/50—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for preventing re-use, or for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/0289—Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid
    • B01L3/0293—Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid for liquids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B3/00—Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems
    • G08B3/10—Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
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    • G16H20/10—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
    • G16H20/13—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients delivered from dispensers
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    • A61M2205/3327—Measuring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/35—Communication
    • A61M2205/3546—Range
    • A61M2205/3561—Range local, e.g. within room or hospital
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
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    • A61M2205/3546—Range
    • A61M2205/3569—Range sublocal, e.g. between console and disposable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
    • A61M2205/52—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers with memories providing a history of measured variating parameters of apparatus or patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/58—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision
    • A61M2205/581—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by audible feedback
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
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    • A61M2205/582—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by tactile feedback
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/58—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision
    • A61M2205/583—Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by visual feedback
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/08—Ergonomic or safety aspects of handling devices
    • B01L2200/087—Ergonomic aspects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/02—Identification, exchange or storage of information
    • B01L2300/021—Identification, e.g. bar codes
    • B01L2300/022—Transponder chips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
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    • B01L2300/02—Identification, exchange or storage of information
    • B01L2300/023—Sending and receiving of information, e.g. using bluetooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
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    • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
    • B01L2300/0627—Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
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    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
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    • B01L2300/0672—Integrated piercing tool

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to drug dispensers and particularly to drug dispensing, injecting and tracking devices, systems and corresponding methods thereof.
  • Various illnesses and disorders require multiple injections to control or treat a physiological condition.
  • insulin dependent diabetics are required to inject several injections of insulin, of one or more types, each day to control their blood sugar levels.
  • diabetics are required to log each injection in a log book and report the injections, as well as their blood sugar levels, at the time of injections to their physician on each visit to the physician.
  • the data records may be used by the physician to administrate further course of treatment. Therefore proper data recording is important to achieve improvement in treatment.
  • Patients, such as diabetics, during the course of their daily treatment may use more than one injection device, disposable or reusable, to inject insulin, of the same or different type while they usually use a single blood glucose meter to measure their blood glucose levels during that time.
  • Some blood glucose meters today are capable of logging each measurement or even real time wireless transmission of the measurement to a central database (like the TELCARE® blood glucose meter: http://telcare.com/), and there also are injection devices (e.g., injection pens) that have integrated logging functionality (e.g., amount of injected drug, time of injection, and date, such as the PENDIQ® device http://www.pendiq.com).
  • injection devices e.g., injection pens
  • integrated logging functionality e.g., amount of injected drug, time of injection, and date, such as the PENDIQ® device http://www.pendiq.com.
  • the tracking device may be formed of or with a sleeve or housing configured to, for example, slide or otherwise be affixed on and/or off an injection device (the terms “sleeve” and “body” can be used interchangeably throughout the present disclosure).
  • the sleeve can be configured to fit mechanical features on the body of the injection device so as to prevent it from detaching from the injection device or otherwise uniquely fit to a certain injection device with a specific drug.
  • the body of the device can include at least one of a battery, a sensor that can be, for example, at least one microphone, electrical circuit, a transmission element such as a transponder and optionally, a switch, A/D converter, processor, unique identifier and memory.
  • the microphone may be activated with each injection, capturing (for example), the sound and vibration created when the user sets the injection device to inject the desired amount of drug.
  • the microphone may also capture sounds at the time when the drug is injected (such sound information may be stored on the device with provided memory or otherwise immediately wirelessly transmitted to another unit for analysis).
  • This information may be transmitted to a unit which can capture the signal, analyze it to get the data on the amount of drug that was just injected, or if the device has a memory, a processor and a unique identifier, the processor can analyze the sound information to get the information on the amount of drug that was injected, store it in the memory and transmit it to a receiving central unit (e.g. an external unit and/or central database) along with the unique identification information.
  • a receiving central unit e.g. an external unit and/or central database
  • the sleeve may be arranged on any injector devices of a user. Afterwards, each injection made by those injector devices can then be wirelessly transmitted to a central unit (which may be immediately after injection, or at a later time). The data transmitted to the central unit can be logged for later download to a central database, or if the central unit has cellular wireless transmission capabilities (for example, or other wireless transmission functionality), the data may be transferred in real time to a central database.
  • a central unit which may be immediately after injection, or at a later time.
  • the data transmitted to the central unit can be logged for later download to a central database, or if the central unit has cellular wireless transmission capabilities (for example, or other wireless transmission functionality), the data may be transferred in real time to a central database.
  • Such a central unit can be any of, for example: a blood glucose meter, and a device worn on the skin of the user which may also be used to improve the kinetics of the injected drug like the INSUPAD® device of Insuline-Medical (insuline-medical.com), a cellular phone, and any other device which can be in wireless communication with each of the sleeves.
  • a blood glucose meter and a device worn on the skin of the user which may also be used to improve the kinetics of the injected drug like the INSUPAD® device of Insuline-Medical (insuline-medical.com), a cellular phone, and any other device which can be in wireless communication with each of the sleeves.
  • the sleeve may include a switch that can be toggled between two or more states by the user, including, for example, turning the injection device on, directional indication for indicating the direction of an injection device rotation to set the amount of the injected drug and/or correction of a mistake made by the user in the amount to be injected.
  • the sleeve may also include an element (e.g., sensor) for automatic detection of an injection event that is monitored by a processor (e.g., of the sleeve) to sense when an injection event is to be performed.
  • Such an injection event sensor may be realized by communication between the sleeve electronics of embodiments according to the present disclosure and the electronics of a blood glucose meter and/or the electronics of a device like INSUPAD, to sense when a blood glucose measurement was taken, or when the INSUPAD (for example) was activated. Since such events come before an injection, they can be used to signal the electronics that an injection is about to be performed, and thus, the capturing electronics of the sleeve may be activated.
  • another way to realize automatic activation of the sleeve electronics can be based on removing the protective cap found on the injection device, as most injection devices include a protective cap that is removed before injection is made.
  • removing the protective cap of the injection device can be used to switch “on” the electronics of the sleeve (e.g., in some embodiments, the vibrations/noise produced when removing the cap and switch on the electronics, and/or an actual switch configured to interact with the cap can be provided on the sleeve).
  • One or more sensors provided with the sleeve can be, for example, at least one of or any combination of a sound sensor and a vibration sensor.
  • a sound sensor can be surrounded by or mounted in a vibration isolation material which isolates the vibration and is sensitive to the sound signal.
  • algorithms can be implemented that use a signal from one or more sensors to improve the detection and immunity to noise.
  • a drug dispensing-tracking device for use in combination with a drug-injection device, where the device comprises a sleeve configured to connect with at least one mechanical feature provided on the injection device, a battery, at least one sensor, an electrical circuit for analog or digital short range communication, and a transmission element.
  • the sensor for each injection, is configured to automatically detect at least one of an auditory signal, movement, and optical signal, and an auditory signal is generated by at least one of the setting of the injection device for dispensing a drug, the dispensing action of the injection device, and the flow of the drug out of the injection device.
  • a method for tracking dispensing of a drug from an injection device comprises providing a dispensing tracking device, the device comprising a sleeve configured to connect with at least one mechanical feature provided on the injection device, a battery, at least one sensor, and detecting at least one of an auditory signal, movement, and an optical signal generated by at least one of the setting of the injection device for dispensing a drug, the dispensing action of the injection device, and the flow of the drug out of the injection device.
  • a system for injecting and tracking a drug comprising a device for tracking the dispensing of a drug injected by an injection device and an external unit.
  • the device comprises a sleeve configured to connect with at least one mechanical feature provided on the injection device, a battery, at least one sensor, a transmission element, a processor, and a memory.
  • the sensor is configured to automatically detect at least one of an auditory signal, movement, and optical signal generated by at least one of the setting of the injection device for dispensing a drug, the dispensing action of the injection device, and the flow of the drug out of the injection device.
  • the external unit may also include a memory.
  • the sensor generates a second signal in response to the detected signal, the processor converts the second signal to data, and/or the data is wirelessly transmitted via the transmission element to the external unit.
  • One and/or another of tracking device embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure may additionally include one or more of the following features:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary drug dispensing-tracking system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the drug dispensing-tracking system of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a drug dispensing-tracking device shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIGS. 6A , 6 B and 6 C are schematic illustrations of an exemplary drug dispensing-tracking system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, at a disassembled state ( 6 A), at a first assembled operational state ( 6 B) and at a second assembled operational state ( 6 C), respectively;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a drug dispensing-tracking device shown in FIGS. 6A-6C ;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary drug dispensing-tracking system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating a method for tracking dispensing of a drug from an injection device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 1-4 are illustrations of an exemplary drug dispensing-tracking system 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosures.
  • the drug dispensing-tracking system 100 may comprise a drug dispensing-tracking device 102 used in combination with a drug-injection device 106 (or a pen injector).
  • the injection device 106 configured for injection of a drug in a user, such as a patient, may comprise a shaft 108 .
  • the shaft 108 may be formed with a drug reservoir 110 containing a drug to be injected via a needle 114 .
  • the drug may be injected by pressing a button 116 which urges dispensing of the drug from the drug reservoir 110 into the needle 114 .
  • a desired amount of injected drug may be determined by rotating a rotation knob 120 .
  • the rotation knob 120 may comprise a plurality of notches 122 or any other indicator.
  • the rotation of the notch 122 to a first direction is performed to set the amount of drug to be dispensed from the drug reservoir 110 , before the drug is injected.
  • the rotation of the notch 122 to a second, opposite direction is performed to correct, if necessary, the amount of drug to be dispensed from the drug reservoir 110 .
  • a patient may determine the desired amount of injected drug by the number of notches rotated.
  • the rotation of the knob 120 at the first or second directions may be accompanied by a clicking sound. These sounds (created by rotating the knob 120 to first or second directions) may be different when properly analyzed, as illustrated in FIG. 9 .
  • the predetermined amount of the drug released by the rotation of a notch 122 may be different in different injection devices 106 .
  • the type of drug may be different in different injection devices 106 .
  • the injection device 106 is configured for limited or even single use. Accordingly, a patient may routinely use more than one drug-injection devices 106 during the course of his daily treatment.
  • a display window 126 may shows the amount of injected drug.
  • the injection device 106 may include a rotating element, such as a cap 130 , which may be attached thereto in any suitable manner, such as by a snap attachment (for example).
  • the tracking device 102 may be provided for tracking the injection of the drug and may comprise a base formed as a sleeve 134 .
  • the sleeve 134 may be configured to connect with a mechanical feature of the injection device 106 , removably or non-removably (i.e., permanently).
  • the tracking device may comprise a housing with one or more clamps (or clamp-like elements), for affixing (either permanently or non-permanently) to an injection device.
  • the sleeve 134 may be configured for removable or permanent connection with a mechanical feature or shape of the injection device 106 , such that the shaft movement during an injection is not affected, and ease of use and accuracy of the injection device 106 may be maintained.
  • injection device 106 may be configured with the mechanical feature, which may comprise, for example, any structural feature, or the shape of the injection device or a feature thereof.
  • the structural feature may include a topographical feature on an external surface 135 ( FIG. 6A ) of the injection device 106 .
  • the topographical feature may comprise for example, a protrusion, a dent, a notch, a recess or an aperture and may be formed in any location of the injection device 106 .
  • the sleeve 134 may be formed with a mechanical feature configured to correspond with the mechanical feature of the injection device 106 . In a non-limiting example as seen in FIG.
  • the injection device 106 may be formed with a circumferential recess 136 in proximity to the interface between the cap 130 and shaft 108 .
  • the sleeve 134 may be formed with a corresponding circumferential protrusion 137 and may fit within the circumferential recess 136 .
  • the mechanical feature of the injection device 106 may comprise any feature allowing the sleeve to connect thereto.
  • the mechanical feature may comprise a relevant dimension, such as a predetermined circumference.
  • the sleeve may be formed with a corresponding circumference for fitting to the injection device 106 .
  • a sleeve 134 may be formed with mechanical features corresponding to the unique mechanical features of a selected commercial injection device and may be non-interchangeable with another sleeve formed with mechanical features corresponding to the unique mechanical features of another selected commercial injection device. Accordingly, each sleeve may be identified by its mechanical features and may be associated with a selected commercial injection device.
  • Each type of a commercial injection device 106 may be configured to inject a specific type of drug and a specific dose. Therefore, in identifying the corresponding sleeve, the specific type of drug and a specific dose may also be identified.
  • the sleeve 134 may comprise a longitudinal perforation or opening 138 along a longitudinal axis 139 on at least a portion thereof.
  • the sleeve 134 may be mounted on the tracking device 102 by opening the sleeve 134 at its perforation 138 ( FIG. 6A ), placing the injection device 106 within the sleeve 134 and closing the sleeve 134 over the injection device 106 ( FIG. 6B ).
  • the sleeve 134 may be formed with an attachment feature for connecting to the injection device 106 , such as a threaded attachment, an O-ring, a cord or a sealant or any other attachment feature securing the tracking device 102 to the injection device 106 .
  • the tracking device 102 may comprise a sensor 140 , or an array of sensors, of the same or different types or any combination of sensors, configured to detect a signal indicating an activity performed by the injection device 106 .
  • the activity performed by the injection device 106 may be, yet not limited to, any one of setting the injection device 106 for dispensing the drug, the dispensing action of the injection device 106 or the flow of the drug into a user.
  • the signal may be an auditory signal generated by an activity performed by the injection device 106 .
  • the sensor 140 may comprise a microphone for detecting the auditory signal, such as the clicking sound generated at the rotation of the knob 120 and/or the pressing of the button 116 .
  • auditory signals may include any vibration generated by setting and/or using the injection device.
  • the microphone may comprise any suitable configuration such as an analog device including an ADMP504, ADMP521 or ADMP441-I2S.
  • the number of clicks detected by the microphone may indicate the amount of drug injected by the user. Additionally, the microphone may detect different distinguishable sounds indicating the direction of the rotation of the knob 120 , which as described, may correspond to addition or removal of the drug for injection thereof.
  • a plurality of microphones 144 may be provided and may be arranged around a periphery of the sleeve 134 , as shown in FIG. 4 or at any other location.
  • the auditory signal detected by the microphones 144 may indicate the rotation direction of the knob 120 .
  • the signal may be a vibration signal generated by an activity performed by the injection device 106 .
  • the sensor 140 may comprise a vibration sensor for detecting the vibrations caused by the activity of the injection device 106 , such as the rotation of the knob 120 and/or the pressing of the button 116 .
  • the number of clicks detected by the vibration sensor may indicate the amount of drug injected by the user.
  • the vibration sensor may detect the direction of the rotation of the knob 120 , which as described, may correspond to addition or removal of the drug for injection thereof.
  • the vibration sensor may comprise a microphone or a plurality of microphones 144 .
  • the signal may be a movement signal generated by an activity performed by the injection device 106 .
  • the sensor 140 may comprise a movement sensor for detecting the displacement caused by the activity of the injection device 106 , such as the rotation of the knob 120 and/or the pressing of the button 116 .
  • the number of clicks detected by the displacement sensor may indicate the amount of drug injected by the user.
  • the displacement sensor may detect the direction of the rotation of the knob 120 , which as described, may correspond to addition or removal of the drug for injection thereof.
  • the movement sensor may comprise a magnetic sensor or an electromagnetic sensor configured to detect an angular displacement caused by the rotation of the knob 120 .
  • An electromagnetic encoder may be provided therewith
  • the movement sensor may comprise an electromechanical sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a vibration sensor, an accelerometer, a rotational sensor, a combination thereof or any other suitable sensor for detecting movement of the injection device 106 or any other activity related thereto.
  • a laser diode and an optical detector may be used for detecting movement.
  • the signal may be an optical signal generated by an activity performed by the injection device 106 .
  • the sensor 140 may comprise an optical sensor, such as a CCD which may image the display window 126 .
  • the display window 110 may display dose information set for injecting into a user, and the CCD may be configured to capture the dose information from the window 126 .
  • An optical element configured with the sleeve 134 to be arranged adjacent the display window 110 may be provided. Such an optical element may comprise one or more lenses.
  • the tracking device 102 may comprise a coupling material provided to efficiently couple and transform the signal, such as the auditory signal, from the injection device 106 to the tracking device 102 .
  • the coupling material may comprise a sound conducting material.
  • the tracking device 102 may include an isolating material to isolate noises and other sound sources external to the injection device 106 .
  • the tracking device 102 may comprise an identifier 146 comprising any suitable component for identifying the tracking device 102 and/or the injection device 106 .
  • the identifier may comprise an RFID sticker and/or a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card.
  • the senor 140 upon detecting the selected amount of drug, may inform the user, via a speaker 148 or by any other announcement means. This enables visually impaired insulin dependent diabetics to correctly set the injection device 106 to the correct amount.
  • the tracking device 102 may comprise electrical components and a transmission element 150 for transmitting the detected signal or data related thereto to an external unit 154 .
  • the transmission element 150 may comprise any element configured to pass the signal from the tracking device 102 thereon.
  • the transmission element 150 may comprise for example, a transmitter, a transponder, an antenna, a transducer, and/or an RLC circuit.
  • the electrical components may comprise any suitable components for detecting, processing, storing and/or transmitting a signal, such as electrical circuitry, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, and an electrical circuit for analog or digital short range communication, for example
  • the external unit 154 may be any apparatus configured to receive the detected signal or data related thereto for processing thereof and/or for further transmitting the detected signal or data related thereto to a central database 158 .
  • the external unit 154 may comprise any one of a computer, a cellular phone, smartphone, or a tablet.
  • the external unit 154 may comprise a glucose meter.
  • the external unit 154 may comprise a treatment device 160 ( FIG. 8 ) worn on the skin of a user to treat an injection site to improve the pharmacodynamics of the drug during a period of delivery of the drug to the user.
  • the injection site may be an intradermal layer.
  • the treatment device 160 may comprise a treatment device disclosed in applicant's PCT patent application PCT/IB2009/007600 or PCT/IB2012/052335, all incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and may be referred to in this disclosure as the “INSUPAD®”.
  • the central database 158 may comprise any suitable device or function for storage of the data and/or analysis thereof.
  • the central database may comprise a processor and/or memory.
  • the central database 158 may comprise a computer, PC, laptop, tablet, smartphone, media player or personal data assistant (“PDA”).
  • PDA personal data assistant
  • the drug dispensing-tracking system 100 may comprise a processor for processing the detected signal and/or data received from the tracking device 102 .
  • a memory may also be provided for storing the detected signal and/or data.
  • the external unit 154 may comprise a processor 170 .
  • the sensor 140 may generate a second signal in response to the detected signal.
  • the second signal may be transmitted via transmission element 150 to the external unit 154 .
  • the external unit processor 170 may process and analyze the second signal and convert it to data.
  • the data may be transmitted to the central database 158 .
  • the data may be transmitted to the central database 158 at the time the detected signal is generated, namely transmission in real-time.
  • the data may be relayed via wireless or wired connection by the external unit 154 to the central database 158 .
  • the external unit 154 may comprise a memory 172 .
  • the data may be stored in the memory 172 and may be transmitted thereafter to the central database 158 .
  • the tracking device may comprise a processor 180 .
  • the detected signal and/or the second signal may be processed and analyzed and converted to data by the processor 180 .
  • the data may be transmitted to the external unit 154 or may be first stored in a memory 182 of the tracking device 102 and thereafter may be transmitted from the tracking device memory 182 the external unit 154 .
  • the external unit 154 may transmit the data to the central database 158 .
  • the data may be further processed by the injection device processor 170 and thereafter may be transmitted to the central database 158 .
  • the data may be further processed by the injection device processor 170 , stored in the injection device memory 172 and thereafter may be transmitted to the central database 158 .
  • the data may be transmitted from the tracking device processor 180 or the tracking device memory 182 directly to the central database 158 or concurrently with transmission to the external unit 154 .
  • the senor 140 may be configured to detect signals in any suitable detection pattern determining the detection duration and frequency of detection in the duration.
  • Some exemplary detection patterns may be selected as follows:
  • the senor 140 may be frequently or periodically sampled by the tracking device 102 processor 180 and/or external unit processor 170 .
  • the senor 140 may be configured to detect a signal automatically, such as upon an injection event or activity and/or at predetermined time periods.
  • the injection event may include the injection of the drug.
  • An example of a tracking device 102 detecting a signal upon use of the injection device 106 is described in reference to FIGS. 6A-7 .
  • the sensor 140 may be configured to detect a signal automatically, such as upon a pre-injection event proceeding or anticipating the injection event.
  • the tracking device 102 may comprise an element (e.g., a sensor) configured for the automatic detection of an injection event (e.g., an injection event sensor).
  • This element may be monitored by processor 180 via software associated therewith, to sense when an injection activity is performed.
  • the injection event sensor may be prompted by communication between the electrical components of the tracking device 102 and electrical components of the external unit 154 .
  • the external unit 154 comprises a blood glucose meter
  • the injection event sensor may detect a blood glucose measurement.
  • the injection event sensor may detect activation of the treatment device 160 .
  • the activity of the external unit 154 e.g. a blood glucose measurement or activation of the treatment device 160
  • this activity may be used to signal that an injection is expected to be performed, thereby activating sensor 140 .
  • the detection occurs around the injection event, thus reducing unnecessary detection, and hence preserving the operation power of the tracking device 102 .
  • the sensor 140 may be frequently or periodically sampled by the tracking device processor 180 and/or external unit processor 170 .
  • the tracking device 102 may be preset to detect at predetermined time intervals, generally when basal drug doses are injected, such as for example in the morning and/or at night.
  • the tracking device 102 may comprise a switch 188 or a component configured to prompt the sensor 140 to detect a signal.
  • the switch 188 may be switched on by a user or in response to any other event, such as by a signal provided by the external unit 154 .
  • the external unit 154 comprises a treatment device 160
  • the operation of the treatment device 160 may be used to switch on the switch 188 .
  • the switch may be positioned in, on or adjacent to the rotating element (e.g. the cap 130 ) of the injection device.
  • the switch may be toggled between two or more states by the user, including, for example, a state for switching on the tracking device 102 and turning off the tracking device 102 .
  • the switch 188 may be toggled between an “off” state and an “on” state in response to any suitable trigger, such as the operation of the injection device 106 or the rotation direction of the rotation knob 120 .
  • the states may comprise at least one of: a state for turning on the tracking device 102 , a state indicating the direction of the injection device movement as it is set by the user to the amount of the injected drug, a state indicating re-adjustment of an amount of drug before injection, and a state indicating the drug is to be injected.
  • the external unit 154 may comprise a switch or a component configured to detect the second signal transmitted from the tracking device 102 .
  • the external unit 154 may include a proximity detector for detecting the presence of the tracking device 102 when in proximity thereto, thereby triggering the external unit 154 to detect the second signal transmitted from the tracking device 102 .
  • the data may comprise any data related to the activity of the injection device 106 , such as the amount of injected drug, the injection time, the injection duration.
  • the data may comprise information related to the type of drug as well as identification of the injection device 106 and/or the tracking device 102 .
  • different types and/or quantities if insulin are administrated, such as a basal insulin dose and a bolus insulin dose.
  • the different doses may be injected by different injection devices 106 . Therefore, data indicating the type of injected dose assists the user, caretaker or physician in monitoring the course of correct treatment.
  • the data may comprise time information corresponding to the date and time of a respective injection.
  • the tracking device 102 and or the external unit 154 may be programmed to anticipate injection of the drug at predetermined periods and with predetermined amount or dosage. Accordingly, the data may also indicate omission of an anticipated injection or incorrect dosage.
  • the data may be used to monitor the expiration of the drug. This may be determined by measuring the time discrepancy between the first use of the injection device 106 and a current time or by comparing the date of the drug injection with an expiration date provided by the drug manufacturer.
  • the tracking device 102 may include a temperature sensor and the data may detect the temperature of the drug and/or the ambient environment. The temperature measurement may be used to indicate overheating and hence inefficacy of the drug.
  • the temperature sensor may detect the temperature of the treatment device 160 thereby ensuring the treatment device operates properly and/or possibly adapt the injection accordingly.
  • the detected signal, second signal and/or data may be transmitted from the tracking device 102 to the external unit 154 , and to the central database 158 ; and/or from the tracking device 102 to the central database 158 in any suitable manner, such as wirelessly, via an analog short range communication mode, or a digital communication mode including WIFI or Bluetooth, or via a wired connection. Additional examples for transmission may be via a network.
  • the network may comprise a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or a global network, for example.
  • the network may be part of, or comprise any suitable networking system, such as the Internet, for example, or an Intranet.
  • the term “Internet” may refer to the worldwide collection of networks, gateways, routers, and computers that use Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (“TCP/IP”) and other packet based protocols to communicate therebetween.
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • the tracking device 102 may comprise an antenna 190 provided for wirelessly transmitting the signal.
  • the data may be used by a physician, caretaker or the patient to track treatment goals.
  • the data may be used with data provided by the glucose meter. Additionally, the data may be used to alert the patient upon passage of the drug expiration date. Moreover the data may be used to alert the patient upon reduction of the efficacy of the drug due to excess heat or any other relevant parameter.
  • the tracking device 102 may operate using any suitable power source 192 , such as, a battery 194 .
  • the tracking device 102 may comprise a battery enclosure 196 for removing a discharged battery 194 and replacing it with a new battery.
  • the battery 194 may be recharged by inserting the tracking device 102 (and, in some embodiments, the injection device 106 ) on a recharging cradle 198 , as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the tracking device 102 may be connected to an electricity source via a cable.
  • FIGS. 6A-7 are illustrations of an exemplary drug dispensing-tracking system 100 .
  • a tracking device 202 may be formed with a first section 204 inserted on the shaft 108 and a second section 208 inserted on the cap 130 .
  • a mechanical connection such as at least one pin 212 ( FIG. 6B-7 ) may connect the first section 204 to the second section 208 .
  • the pins 212 may be configured to separate into two first and second portions 214 and 218 , each placed on the corresponding first section 204 and the second section 208 .
  • the sleeve 134 comprises mechanical features including the perforation 138 , and can be opened along its longitudinal axis 139 .
  • Mounting the sleeve 134 to the injection device 106 may be made when the cap 130 of the injection device 106 is mounted properly on the injection device 106 , then by opening the sleeve 134 along its longitudinal axis 139 , fitting its mechanical features to the injection device mechanical features, while the perforation 138 of the sleeve 134 is next to the area of the injection device 106 between the cap 130 and the body (e.g. the shaft 108 ) of the injection device 106 .
  • Closing the sleeve 134 in the orientation of arrow 222 may fix the perforation 138 where the cap 130 and body of the injection device connect, such that disconnecting the cap 130 from the injection device 106 breaks the perforation of the sleeve 134 , leaving first section 204 firmly affixed to the body of the injection device and second section 208 firmly affixed to the cap 130 of the injection device, as shown in FIG. 6C .
  • the first pin portion 214 disconnects from the second portion 218 .
  • the tracking device 102 is formed such that the disconnection of the pin portions 214 from 218 triggers the sensor 140 to commence its detecting operation.
  • the sensor operation may be terminated.
  • the pin 212 may comprise an activation pin configured to turn on the switch 188 upon disconnection of the first portion 214 from the second portion 218 via appropriate electrical circuitry and components.
  • the first and second portions 214 and 218 may be connected and the sensor has yet to commence its operation.
  • the first and second portions 214 and 218 are disconnected, as seen in FIGS. 6C and 7 , thereby triggering the detection operation, which may operate as described in reference to FIGS. 1-5 .
  • the operating of the tracking device 102 is switched on or off in a simple manner due to the simple, mechanical operation of the pins 212 .
  • the tracking device 102 may be configured to be used with a single (disposable or multiple use) injection device 106 . In some embodiments the tracking device 102 or 202 may be configured for multiple use and may be placed on a plurality of injection devices 106 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary drug dispensing-tracking system 100 according to some embodiments. As seen in FIG. 8 , a user may use different injection devices during the treatment course, such as a first injection device 230 in the morning and a second injection device 234 at night.
  • Each injection device 106 may be designed with different mechanical, electrical and/or pharmaceutical features, as common in the commercial injection device market. Accordingly, the tracking devices 102 may be configured to fit the features of the different injection devices. For example, the injection device 106 may be formed with unique mechanical features and the tracking device 102 may be formed with corresponding mechanical features.
  • each commercial injection device 106 may be configured to inject a selected drug and a selected dose
  • identifying the corresponding sleeve may also identify the selected drug and a selected dose. This identifying information may be transmitted to the external unit 154 and/or central database 158 .
  • the sensor 140 of a first tracking device 240 may be calibrated to detect an injection of a first drug or dosage by the first injection device 230 .
  • a sensor 140 of a second tracking device 244 may be calibrated to detect an injection of a second drug or dosage by the second injection device 234 .
  • Each injection device 230 or 234 may include a unique identifier and the unique identification may be transmitted to the external unit 154 , here shown as the treatment device 160 .
  • the carrier frequency of the signal from the sensor 140 may be utilized as the unique identifier of a specific type of injection device 106 .
  • the external unit 154 may include electronics with several electronic filters, at least some used to detect signals broadcasted from a different injection device 106 , allowing the external unit 154 to analyze signals from different injection device 106 and record the amount of drug injected from each one of them along with time and date information or any other relevant data.
  • the data from the different tracking devices 240 and 244 may be transmitted via the external unit 154 (or directly) to the central database 158 .
  • systems, methods and devices may collect, store and log data from a plurality of injection events and/or injection devices, which, without the tracking device according to some embodiments, would be lost.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating a method for tracking dispensing of a drug from the injection device 106 according to some embodiments.
  • the algorithm may provide a sum which represents the amount of drug to be injected.
  • FIG. 9 shows an injection event where the total rotations in the first direction is 8 (shown as the downwardly oriented signals 250 ) and the total rotations in the opposite direction is 2 (shown as the upwardly oriented signals 260 ).
  • rotation in the first direction indicates adding a predetermined drug amount X
  • rotation in the second, opposite direction indicates subtracting the predetermined drug amount X.
  • the sleeve 134 may comprise microphone 144 , power source 192 , switch 188 , and transmission element 150 , and may be attached to each injection device 106 by the user. After the user completes setting the injection device 106 to the desired amount of drug by setting the rotation knob 120 of the injection device 106 , the user may use the switch 188 on the sleeve 134 to turn “on” the sleeve 134 . When the injection is performed, the electronics of the sleeve 134 may wirelessly transmit by transmission methods known in the art, the sound and vibration created, to the external unit 154 .
  • the processor 170 of the external unit 154 (which can be a treatment device, such as treatment device 160 ) may analyze the information to find the amount of drug injected and either store the information in the external unit memory 172 for later download, or transmit the information in real-time to the central database 158 .
  • the sleeve 134 may include microphone 144 , power source 192 , processor 180 and a transmission element 150 comprising a transmitter.
  • the microphone 144 may be frequently sampled by the processor 180 to analyze the sound and/or vibration created when the rotation knob 120 of the injection device 106 is turned in order to detect an injection event. When the user “sets” the injection device 106 the microphone 144 may pick up the sound and/or vibration created during the setting event.
  • the processor 180 analyzes that the setting event is completed, it may be configured to activate the transmitter. The sound and/or vibration created (or corresponding data associated therewith) when the drug is injected may then be transmitted wirelessly to the external unit 154 .
  • the processor 180 on the sleeve 134 may distinguish between these two events and turn on the transmitter only before the drug is injected (thereby preserving battery power).
  • the processor 170 of the external unit 154 may analyze the received signal/data to determine the amount of drug that was just injected.
  • injection devices have a protective cap 130 that is removed before injection is made. Therefore, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, the sleeve electronics may be turned “on” when the cap 130 is removed. The microphone signal/data may be then transmitted wirelessly to the external unit 154 to be analyzed in order to determine the amount of drug that was just injected.
  • the tracking device 102 may be formed with a mechanical attachment to the injection device 106 .
  • the mechanical attachment can be separated to a part which fits the cap 130 (shown in FIGS. 6A-6C as second section 208 ) and a part (shown as first section 204 ) that fits the injection device body (e.g. the shaft 108 ).
  • the part which fits the cap 130 may have at least one activation pin 212 extending out. These one or more activation pins 212 may contact the switch 188 inside the part of the sleeve 134 that mechanically fits the injection device body (e.g. the shaft 108 ).
  • the part of the sleeve 134 that fits the injection device body may further include the electrical circuit, power source 192 , microphone 144 , wireless transponder and, in some embodiments, the processor 180 and memory 182 .
  • the activation pin 212 disconnects from the switch 188 and this turns on the electrical components of the circuit on the sleeve part which fits the injection device body. This may be configured to thereby activate the microphone 144 , the transmitter and/or transponder, and in some embodiments, the processor 180 , to measure the amount of drug that was injected and transmits the data to the external unit 154 .
  • the injection device 106 may be provided with wireless cellular capabilities. In such injection devices 106 , with each injection the injection information may be wirelessly transmitted and logged in a central database 158 for real-time analysis and feedback to the user.
  • the drug dispensing-tracking system 100 for capturing, transferring and logging injection event information to the central database 158 in real-time or periodically may comprise: an injection device with cellular wireless transmission capabilities, or an injector device adaptor (e.g. the tracking device 102 ) comprising: a mechanical attachment body (e.g. the sleeve 134 ) configured for mounting with (e.g., in and/or on) the injection device 106 , battery 194 and electronics to sense and transmit to the external unit 154 injection information, of injections made by the injection device.
  • the drug dispensing-tracking system 100 may further comprise external unit 154 , and/or the injection device adaptor can capture, analyze, store and transmit injection information to central database 158 .
  • the external unit 154 may comprise at least one of a blood glucose meter, a treatment device 160 , a cellular phone/device, and any other device in wireless communication with the injection device.
  • several microphones 144 may be arranged in the sleeve 134 , as seen in FIG. 4 .
  • the processor 180 on the sleeve, and/or the processor 170 of the external unit 154 may be configured to analyze the signal from the microphones 144 to determine the direction to which the rotation knob 120 is rotated.
  • At least one microphone 144 may be placed inside the external unit 154 to detect the sound created when the rotation knob 120 is rotated.
  • a controller of the external unit 154 may analyze the signal from the at least one microphone 144 to determine the amount of drug that was injected by the injection device 106 .
  • the transmission of data or sound signal between the injection device electronics to the external unit 154 may be done using any of Bluetooth short range digital communication modes or an analog communication mode.
  • external unit 154 may be set to detect a signal coming from the injection device 106 at predetermined times or following certain activity of the external unit 154 .
  • activity of the external unit 154 can be, for example in the case of an INSUPAD, activation of the INSUPAD just before injection, which in a certain configuration of the INSUPAD is done by opening the INSUPAD to reveal the injection window 126 .
  • the external unit 154 comprises a blood glucose meter
  • the activity can be performing a blood glucose measurement, which is usually done before injection.
  • predetermined time intervals they can be preset to be in the morning or night, and will be used to detect basal injections which are usually given during theses time windows.
  • the external unit 154 may comprise a button which is pressed by the user to move the unit to a mode where it is ready to detect the signal coming from the sleeve 134 .
  • the external unit 154 may comprise a proximity detector which may detect the presence of the sleeve 134 next to it and trigger a receiver of the external unit 154 to detect the signals coming from the sleeve 134 .
  • any combination of the preceding methods can be used in order to move the external unit 154 to a mode where it is ready to detect the signals coming from the sleeve 134 and find out from that data the amount of drug that was injected.
  • the sleeve 134 may include a coupling material in the interface between the sleeve 134 and the injection device 106 to efficiently couple the sound from the injection device 106 into the sleeve 134 .
  • an external interface of the sleeve 134 may include an isolating material on its outer face 230 to isolate noise and other sound sources from the external surrounding.
  • the processor which analyzes the signal to determine the amount of insulin injected may use an algorithm which detects the different impulses present in the audio signal which are associated with the different insulin units which were injected. Those sound impulses can be detected during the initial settings of the dose when rotating the cap 130 to its initial pre-injection stage. Those sound impulses can be detected during the injection step when the cap 130 is pressed and insulin is injected and a series of sound clicks is heard. Those sound impulses can be detected also from both the sound clicks during initial dose setting and during the injection event.
  • the processor which analyzes the signal to determine the amount of insulin injected may use a simple comparing algorithm where a train of sound impulses is compared to a train of a pre-recorded sound impulses to determine the amount of insulin injected.
  • the memory of the processor would contain multiple sound samples for each dose which can be injected by the specific type of injection device 106 , which the sleeve 134 is intended to be used with.
  • the sleeve 134 may contain a listening element (i.e. microphone 144 ), processor 180 to analyze the signal and a speaker 148 .
  • the sleeve 134 detects the amount of insulin units set by the user to inject and the microphone 144 may announce to the user the amount of insulin units which the injection device 106 is set to inject. This may enable visually impaired insulin dependent diabetic subjects to correctly set their insulin injector to the correct amount.
  • the sleeve 134 may contain a RFID sticker to identify the injection device.
  • Various implementations of some of embodiments disclosed, in particular at least some of the processes discussed (or portions thereof), may be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, specially configured ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • These various implementations, such as associated with the drug dispensing-tracking system 100 and the components thereof, for example, may include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
  • Such computer programs include machine instructions/code for a programmable processor, for example, and may be implemented in a high-level procedural and/or object-oriented programming language, and/or in assembly/machine language.
  • machine-readable medium refers to any computer program product, apparatus and/or device (e.g., non-transitory mediums including, for example, magnetic discs, optical disks, flash memory, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)) used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal.
  • machine-readable signal refers to any signal used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor.
  • the subject matter described herein may be implemented on a computer having a display device (e.g., a LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor and the like) for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and/or a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball, touchscreen) by which the user may provide input to the computer.
  • a display device e.g., a LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor and the like
  • a keyboard and/or a pointing device e.g., a mouse or a trackball, touchscreen
  • this program can be stored, executed and operated by the dispensing unit, remote control, PC, laptop, smartphone, media player or personal data assistant (“PDA”).
  • PDA personal data assistant
  • Other kinds of devices may be used to provide for interaction with a user as well.
  • feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback), and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
  • Certain embodiments of the subject matter described herein may be implemented in a computing system and/or devices that includes a back-end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user may interact with an implementation of the subject matter described herein), or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components.
  • a back-end component e.g., as a data server
  • middleware component e.g., an application server
  • a front-end component e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user may interact with
  • the components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network).
  • Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), and the Internet.
  • the computing system according to some such embodiments described above may include clients and servers.
  • a client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network.
  • the relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.
  • features from one and/or another disclosed embodiment may be interchangeable with features from other disclosed embodiments, which, in turn, correspond to yet other embodiments.
  • one or more features/elements of disclosed embodiments may be removed and still result in patentable subject matter (and thus, resulting in yet more embodiments of the subject disclosure).

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EP2911717A4 (de) 2016-06-15
WO2014064691A3 (en) 2014-07-03
EP2911717B1 (de) 2019-05-22
EP2911717A2 (de) 2015-09-02
US20190192779A1 (en) 2019-06-27
WO2014064691A2 (en) 2014-05-01
US10842943B2 (en) 2020-11-24

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