US20120090229A1 - Reflective netting material - Google Patents
Reflective netting material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120090229A1 US20120090229A1 US13/264,309 US201013264309A US2012090229A1 US 20120090229 A1 US20120090229 A1 US 20120090229A1 US 201013264309 A US201013264309 A US 201013264309A US 2012090229 A1 US2012090229 A1 US 2012090229A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- woven
- material according
- reflective
- netting material
- netting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
- Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
- Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
- Y10T442/152—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
- Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
- Y10T442/183—Synthetic polymeric fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
- Y10T442/184—Nonwoven scrim
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
- Y10T442/184—Nonwoven scrim
- Y10T442/188—Metal or metal-coated fiber-containing scrim
Definitions
- the invention relates to netting materials and particularly but not exclusively to netting materials for use as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting for example or in other agricultural applications.
- Bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting may be placed near plants to protect for example annual plants, perennial plants, fruit trees, or grape vines, from birds, insects, excessive sun, wind, or hail.
- the netting is supported over the plant(s) and/or as a vertical and/or angled wall or walls near the plant(s), by for example cables or wires between posts positioned along the rows of plants in a garden, field crop, orchard or vineyard, or is draped over the plant(s) or is laid on the ground.
- the invention comprises a reflective netting material which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, yarn, or tape reflects at least 30% solar radiation on average across the UV (wavelength about 280-400 nm), visible (wavelength about 400-700 nm) and very near infrared (wavelength about 700-800 nm) ranges, and which transmits at least 10% or 5% on average of solar radiation across the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
- the invention comprises a reflective netting material which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, yarn, or tape reflects at least 40% solar radiation on average across the UV (wavelength about 280-400 nm), visible (wavelength about 400-700 nm) and very near infrared (wavelength about 700-800 nm) ranges, and which transmits at least 10% or 5% on average of solar radiation across the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
- the monofilament, yarn, or tape reflects more solar radiation than it transmits and absorbs in the UV, visible, and very near infrared ranges.
- the monofilament, yarn, or tape transmits at least 15% or at least 20% of solar radiation on average in the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
- the invention comprises a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising more than 4% by weight of a white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments.
- the invention comprises a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising more than 8% by weight of a white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments.
- the reflective netting material is knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising at least 10%, at least 12% or at least 14%, or at least 16%, or at least 18% or 20% or 25% or 30% by weight of a white pigment.
- the white pigment may be present in the form of particles of size 0.02-5 microns or 0.1-3 microns.
- the invention comprises a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 10 to 90% by weight of a white pigment or combination of pigments chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer, with a second polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 4 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
- the invention comprises a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 20 to 90% by weight of a white pigment or combination of pigments chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer, with a second polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 5 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
- the white pigment or combination of pigments may be selected from zirconium dioxide, magnesium zirconate, calcium zirconate, strontium zirconate, barium zirconate, zirconium silicate, zinc sulphide, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, magnesium oxide, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and potassium oxide.
- the material may incorporate a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorption of radiation from the earth (terrestrial (long wave or infrared) radiation). Thus when the material is placed over or adjunct to plants it will assist in retaining heat beneath the material, which may be desirable for some plants or applications.
- the material may incorporate a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material allows transmission and/or absorption of radiation from the earth (terrestrial (long wave or infrared) radiation).
- the material when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants it will assist in releasing the heat beneath the material, which may be desirable for some plants or applications.
- the material may incorporate a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorbs solar radiation.
- a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorbs solar radiation.
- the material may incorporate a compound or compounds added to cause, or increase the extent to which the material allows transmission and/or absorption of solar radiation.
- a compound or compounds added to cause, or increase the extent to which the material allows transmission and/or absorption of solar radiation.
- the material when placed over or adjunct to plants it will assist in increasing the heat beneath the material, which may be desirable for some plants or applications.
- the invention comprises a method of treating a plant or fruit or vegetables thereon which comprises providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising more than 4% by weight of at least one white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, titanium, calcium, and potassium pigments.
- the invention comprises a method of treating a plant or fruit or vegetables thereon which comprises providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising more than 8% by weight of at least one white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, titanium, calcium, and potassium pigments.
- the invention comprises a method of treating a plant or fruit or vegetables thereon which comprises providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 10 to 90% by weight of at least one white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, titanium, calcium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 4 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
- the invention comprises a method of treating a plant or fruit or vegetables thereon which comprises providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising a white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 20 to 90% by weight of at least one white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, titanium, calcium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 5 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
- cover factor is meant the percentage of the overall area of the netting material which comprises knitted, woven, or non-woven monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination, forming the netting itself, judged from perpendicular to the plane of the netting when laid out flat, as opposed to air space in between the netting. Thus if a netting has a cover factor of 30% then the air space through the netting would be 70% of the total area of the netting.
- reflective in general is meant that the material is reflective of at least 40% on average of visible light or of energy across any particular wavelength range of interest, more preferably at least 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90%, on at least one side of the netting material. At some wavelengths within the particular wavelength range of interest the material may be less reflective, so long as the average of the reflectance of the material at all wavelengths across the wavelength range of interest is at least the minimum specified.
- “Woven netting” includes extruded netting, comprising crossed strands heat welded or chemically bonded together.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of one form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 5-10%
- FIG. 2 shows a section of another form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 10-15%
- FIG. 3 shows a section of another form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 20-25%
- FIG. 4 shows a section of one form of knitted diamond monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 5-10%
- FIG. 5 shows a section of a form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 5-10%
- FIG. 6 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 10-15%
- FIG. 7 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 15-20%
- FIG. 8 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 20-25%
- FIG. 9 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 30-35%,
- FIG. 10 shows a section of one form leno woven based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 20-25%
- FIG. 11 shows a section of one form leno woven based tape netting, having a cover factor of approximately 20-25%
- FIG. 12 shows a section of another form leno woven based tape netting, having a cover factor of approximately 25-30%
- FIG. 13 shows a section of another form leno woven based tape netting, having a cover factor of approximately 30-35%
- FIG. 14 shows a section of another form woven based tape netting, having a cover factor of approximately 75-80%
- FIG. 15 shows a section of one form woven monofilament warp with weft tapes netting, having a cover factor of approximately 60-65%,
- FIG. 16 shows a section of one form knitted monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 30-35%
- FIGS. 17 a & 17 b show sections of two forms knitted monofilament netting, both giving a cover factor of approximately 40-45%,
- FIG. 18 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 60-65%,
- FIG. 19 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 80-85%,
- FIG. 20 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting, haying a cover factor of approximately 85-90%,
- FIG. 21 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 90-95%
- FIG. 22 shows a section of one form non woven netting, having a cover factor of approximately 90-95%
- FIG. 23 shows a section of one form of extruded netting
- FIG. 24 shows a section of another form of extruded netting
- FIG. 25 shows fruit colour grade rating results referred to in the subsequent description of trials work with netting of the invention and control netting.
- Netting material of the invention may be knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn (multifilament), or tape or a combination thereof; formed from a resin comprising sufficient of at least one white pigment that the netting is reflective as referred to previously.
- the monofilament, yarn, or tape is formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 10 or 20 to 90% by weight of the white pigment(s) and a first polymer, with a second polymer.
- the “first polymer” may be a mixture of polymers as may the second polymer.
- the masterbatch may be in the form of thermoplastic granules.
- the white pigment(s) may be added to the first polymer or mix of polymers when heated to be liquid or flowable and is vigorously mixed to distribute the pigment evenly, and the first polymer comprising the mixed white pigments) is then formed into solid granules on cooling.
- the first polymer or polymers acts to bind the white pigments) into granules enabling solid granulation of the mixture, the masterbatch; for ease of handling in a subsequent monofilament, yarn, fibre, or tape manufacturing process.
- the masterbatch is then mixed with a second polymer and may be mixed in a let down range of 4 or 5 to 50% of the masterbatch to the second polymer or polymers, to form the mixture from which the monofilament, yarn, or tape is then manufactured.
- Monofilament may be extruded; synthetic yarn may be formed by known methods including extrusion of individual fibres which are then twisted to form a yarn.
- Nonwoven netting may be formed by random binding at numerous irregular crossing points, of thermoplastic monofilament, yarn, or tape, by application of heat and pressure.
- the first polymer and the second polymer may be the same or different and may be any suitable polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, for example, or a mixture thereof, or an ethylene alpha-olefin, or a polyester, or a biopolymer, or a blend of any of the foregoing. Certain plastics are particularly useful when present as minor or major components. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) and ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA) are useful for imparting elasticity and other properties.
- EVA Ethylene vinyl acetate
- EBA ethylene butyl acrylate
- EMA ethylene methyl acrylate
- Polyesters and polystyrene, styrene-butdienie (SB), acrylonitrile-butadienie-styrene (ABS), styrene-aciylonitrile (SAN), polyethylenie terephithialate (PET), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate are useful as dye carriers and also for influencing radiation (reflecting, absorbing and transmission) properties and also other properties on the materials.
- Starch and other plant polymers are useful to increase biodegradability.
- the material may comprise in part or whole of paper, wood or cellulose fibre, starch based polymers, casein, latex or in any combination of the above and/or with petroleum derived plastic polymers.
- the polymer or polymer blend may incorporate other agents such as a UV stabiliser or combination of stabilisers and processing aid or aids.
- the white pigment(s) may be chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, titanium, and calcium pigments.
- the white pigment may be selected from zirconium dioxide, magnesium zirconate, calcium zirconate, strontium zirconate, barium zirconate, zirconium silicate, zinc sulphide, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, magnesium oxide, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and potassium oxide.
- the white pigment may also consist of or include a K2O.TiO2 composition.
- sufficient white pigment is incorporated in the monofilament, yarn, or tape such that it reflects at least 30 or 40% of the solar radiation on average in the UV (wavelength about 280-400 nm), visible (wavelength about 400-700 nm) and very near infrared (wavelength about 700-800 nm) ranges, and transmits at least 10% or 5% on average of solar radiation in the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
- the material may also incorporate a compound or compounds added to increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorbs radiation from the earth when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants.
- the material may also incorporate a compound or compounds added to increase the extent to which the material transmits and/or absorbs radiation from the earth when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants:
- the material may also incorporate a compound or compounds added to increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorbs solar radiation when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants.
- the material may also incorporate a compound or compounds added to increase the extent to which the material transmits and/or absorbs solar radiation when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants.
- the material is of denier 50 to 2000 or 100 to 1000 and most typically 300 to 800 or 400 to 600.
- the material may be constructed to have a higher knitted or woven or non-woven density in parallel side margins of the material, so that these side margins of the material are stronger.
- FIGS. 1 to 22 show by way of example sections of netting material.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of one form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 5-10%.
- the netting is knitted in a hexagonal structure of around 8 mm across.
- FIG. 2 shows a section of another form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 10-15%.
- the netting is knitted in a hexagonal structure of around 13 mm across.
- FIG. 3 shows a section of another form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 20-25%.
- the netting is knitted in a hexagonal structure of around 13 mm across but with additional strands of monofilament across the hexagonal.
- FIG. 4 shows a section of one form of knitted diamond monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 5-10%.
- the netting is knitted in a diamond structure of around 15 mm across the diamond.
- FIG. 5 shows a section of a form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 540%.
- the pillars are joined by monofilaments across the pillars.
- FIG. 6 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 10-15%.
- the pillars are larger and are joined by more monofilaments across the pillars than in the netting of FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 7 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 15-20%.
- the pillars are joined by more monofilaments across the pillars than in the netting of FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 8 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 20-25%.
- the pillars are closer and joined by more monofilaments across the pillars than in the netting of FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 9 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar, based monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 30-35%.
- the pillars are joined by more monofilaments across the pillars than in the netting of FIG. 8 .
- FIG. 10 shows a section of one form leno woven based monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 20-25%.
- the leno construction has the warp monofilaments wrap around, over and under the weft monofilaments.
- FIG. 11 shows a section of one form leno woven based tape netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 20-25%.
- the leno construction has the warp tapes wrap around, over and under the weft tapes.
- FIG. 12 shows a section of another form leno woven based tape netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 25-30%.
- the leno construction has the warp tapes wrap around, over and under the weft tapes.
- FIG. 13 shows a section of another form leno woven based tape netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 30-35%.
- the leno construction has the warp tapes wrap around, over and under the weft tapes.
- FIG. 14 shows a section of one form woven based tape netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 75-80%. In this case the tapes weave over under each other and with sufficient gap to give a netting structure.
- FIG. 15 shows a section of one form knitted monofilament wasp with weft or cross tapes type netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 60-65%.
- the warp or cross yarn is a tape rather than a monofilament.
- FIG. 16 shows a section of one form knitted monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 30-35%, with small apertures.
- FIGS. 17 a & 17 b shows a section of two types of forms of knitted monofilament netting.
- the netting have cover factors of approximately 40-45%, with smaller apertures.
- FIG. 18 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 60-65%, with smaller apertures.
- FIG. 19 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 75-80%, with smaller apertures.
- FIG. 20 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 80-85%, with smaller apertures.
- FIG. 21 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 85-90%, with smaller apertures.
- FIG. 22 shows a section of one form non woven netting.
- the netting has a cover factor of approximately 90-95% with very small apertures.
- FIG. 23 shows a section of one form of bonded woven netting.
- the netting construction comprises spaced warp monofilaments overlaying spaced weft monofilaments (or vice versa) and bonded together at their intersections or crossings by heat welding or chemical bonding.
- the netting has a square aperture structure with apertures around 20 mm across.
- FIG. 24 shows a section of another form of an extruded woven netting having a diamond aperture structure with apertures around 20 mm across at widest.
- Typical reflective netting of the invention has a cover factor of 50% or less. Where the netting is knitted shade cloth however, for example, it may have a higher cover factor, up to 95% but typically still less than 70%. Where the netting is woven shade cloth however, for example, it may have a higher cover factor, up to 85% but typically still less than 70%.
- reflective netting of the invention may comprise air space apertures through the material of widest dimension about 30 mm. In other embodiments reflective netting of the invention may comprise air space apertures through the material of widest dimension about 20 mm. In some embodiments reflective netting of the invention may comprise air space apertures through the material of widest dimension in the range 10-30 mm.
- the netting may be knitted or woven or formed in a non-woven construction, from monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination.
- Yarn may comprise multiple synthetic fibres twisted together (multifilaments).
- Tape may for example be formed by extruding synthetic sheet material from the resin, and then cutting the extruded sheet material to form long tapes of typically 1 to 5 mm of width.
- the yarn or tape from which the netting is formed has high reflectance, and reflects at least 30 or 40% more preferably at least 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or more of at least UV and visible light.
- the netting is supported over the plant(s) and/or as a vertical and/or angled wall or walls near the plant(s), or on the ground itself, by for example cables or wires between posts positioned along the rows of plants in a garden, fieldcrop, orchard or vineyard, or is draped over the plant(s), as bird netting, insect netting (for repelling for example mosquitoes, or as for example bee exclusion netting), shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection.
- Netting may be placed near plants to protect for example annual plants, perennial plants, fruit trees, or grape vines, vegetable plants, from birds, insects, excessive sun, wind, or hail.
- the netting is reflective or highly reflective due to relatively high content of the white pigment(s) referred to above, of UV and visible light incident on the netting i.e. on the monofilament, yarn, or tapes thereof, is reflected. A small portion of incident light hits the netting such that it is reflected away but most light although undergoing a change in direction due to reflection from the netting nonetheless enters the netting canopy but is diffused, and hits the plants and particularly fruit or vegetables below or adjacent the netting canopy and creates an environment that is favourable for plant growth and/or fruit or vegetable development, and an environment suited to beneficial organisms (insects, bacteria and fungi etc) and less favoured by non beneficial organisms of the plant or fruits or vegetables.
- beneficial organisms insects, bacteria and fungi etc
- UV reflectance may be that the netting is more visible to insects and birds and thus more effective at repelling insects and birds because it forms a visible (Or behavioural) as well as mechanical barrier.
- Some trees in a young Honey Crisp apple orchard block in Washington State, USA were covered in May (early summer) with a control netting and other trees nearby in the same orchard were covered with netting of an embodiment of the invention.
- Both nettings were knitted from monofilament in a hexagonal structure and were similar to that of FIG. 2 , and comprised hexagonal apertures around 8 mm across. Both nettings had it cover factor of approximately 20%.
- the monofilament of the control netting comprised polyethylene with 5% by weight titanium dioxide as a white pigment.
- the monofilament of the netting of the invention comprised polyethylene with 14% calcium carbonate as a white pigment.
- the control netting and the netting of the invention were used to cover the trees in the same way. The netting remained in place until harvest.
- the colour grade rating results are shown in FIG. 25 , in which shaded bars are for fruit from trees covered with netting of the invention and the non-shaded bars are for fruit from trees covered with the control netting. Data from the two harvests has been combined.
- the fruit from trees covered with netting of the invention produced less low colour grade fruit (color grades 2.5 and below), and more high colour grade fruit (color grades 4 and above). Both the control and netting of the invention had a similar effect on reduction of fruit sunburn.
- the netting of the invention reduced sunburn to a similar extent as the control shadecloth netting, but with improved development of fruit colouration.
- the improved fruit colouration may be due to higher UV reflectance. Both nettings are believed to have had similar reflectance of visible light.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
Abstract
A reflective netting material suitable for providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting, is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment such that the monofilament, yarn, or tape reflects at least 30% solar radiation on average across the UV (wavelength about 280-400 nm), visible (wavelength about 400-700 nm) and very near infrared (wavelength about 700-800 nm) ranges, and which transmits at least 10% or 5% on average of solar radiation across the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
Description
- The invention relates to netting materials and particularly but not exclusively to netting materials for use as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting for example or in other agricultural applications.
- Bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting may be placed near plants to protect for example annual plants, perennial plants, fruit trees, or grape vines, from birds, insects, excessive sun, wind, or hail. Typically the netting is supported over the plant(s) and/or as a vertical and/or angled wall or walls near the plant(s), by for example cables or wires between posts positioned along the rows of plants in a garden, field crop, orchard or vineyard, or is draped over the plant(s) or is laid on the ground.
- In broad terms in one aspect the invention comprises a reflective netting material which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, yarn, or tape reflects at least 30% solar radiation on average across the UV (wavelength about 280-400 nm), visible (wavelength about 400-700 nm) and very near infrared (wavelength about 700-800 nm) ranges, and which transmits at least 10% or 5% on average of solar radiation across the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
- In broad terms in another aspect the invention comprises a reflective netting material which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, yarn, or tape reflects at least 40% solar radiation on average across the UV (wavelength about 280-400 nm), visible (wavelength about 400-700 nm) and very near infrared (wavelength about 700-800 nm) ranges, and which transmits at least 10% or 5% on average of solar radiation across the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
- In some embodiments the monofilament, yarn, or tape reflects more solar radiation than it transmits and absorbs in the UV, visible, and very near infrared ranges.
- In some embodiments the monofilament, yarn, or tape transmits at least 15% or at least 20% of solar radiation on average in the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
- In broad terms in another aspect the invention comprises a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising more than 4% by weight of a white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments.
- In broad terms in another aspect the invention comprises a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising more than 8% by weight of a white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments.
- In certain embodiments the reflective netting material is knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising at least 10%, at least 12% or at least 14%, or at least 16%, or at least 18% or 20% or 25% or 30% by weight of a white pigment.
- In certain embodiments the white pigment may be present in the form of particles of size 0.02-5 microns or 0.1-3 microns.
- In broad terms in another aspect the invention comprises a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 10 to 90% by weight of a white pigment or combination of pigments chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer, with a second polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 4 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
- In broad terms in another aspect the invention comprises a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 20 to 90% by weight of a white pigment or combination of pigments chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer, with a second polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 5 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
- In certain embodiments the white pigment or combination of pigments may be selected from zirconium dioxide, magnesium zirconate, calcium zirconate, strontium zirconate, barium zirconate, zirconium silicate, zinc sulphide, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, magnesium oxide, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and potassium oxide. In some embodiments the material may incorporate a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorption of radiation from the earth (terrestrial (long wave or infrared) radiation). Thus when the material is placed over or adjunct to plants it will assist in retaining heat beneath the material, which may be desirable for some plants or applications.
- In some further embodiments the material may incorporate a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material allows transmission and/or absorption of radiation from the earth (terrestrial (long wave or infrared) radiation). Thus when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants it will assist in releasing the heat beneath the material, which may be desirable for some plants or applications.
- In yet another embodiment the material may incorporate a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorbs solar radiation. Thus when the material is placed over or adjunct to plants it will assist in cooling beneath the material, which may be desirable for some plants or applications.
- In a further embodiment the material may incorporate a compound or compounds added to cause, or increase the extent to which the material allows transmission and/or absorption of solar radiation. Thus when the material is placed over or adjunct to plants it will assist in increasing the heat beneath the material, which may be desirable for some plants or applications.
- In broad terms in another aspect the invention comprises a method of treating a plant or fruit or vegetables thereon which comprises providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising more than 4% by weight of at least one white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, titanium, calcium, and potassium pigments.
- In broad terms in another aspect the invention comprises a method of treating a plant or fruit or vegetables thereon which comprises providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof, formed from a resin comprising more than 8% by weight of at least one white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, titanium, calcium, and potassium pigments.
- In broad terms in another aspect the invention comprises a method of treating a plant or fruit or vegetables thereon which comprises providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 10 to 90% by weight of at least one white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, titanium, calcium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 4 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
- In broad terms in another aspect the invention comprises a method of treating a plant or fruit or vegetables thereon which comprises providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting a reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising a white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 20 to 90% by weight of at least one white pigment chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, titanium, calcium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 5 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
- By “netting” is meant:
-
- in the case of knitted material, material having a cover factor (as herein defined) of up to 98% but typically less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% or 5%;
- in the case of woven material, material having a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 85% or 80% but typically less than 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% or 5%; and
- in the case of non-woven material, material having a cover factor (as herein defined) of up to 98% but typically less than 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% or 5%.
- By “cover factor” is meant the percentage of the overall area of the netting material which comprises knitted, woven, or non-woven monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination, forming the netting itself, judged from perpendicular to the plane of the netting when laid out flat, as opposed to air space in between the netting. Thus if a netting has a cover factor of 30% then the air space through the netting would be 70% of the total area of the netting.
- By “reflective” in general is meant that the material is reflective of at least 40% on average of visible light or of energy across any particular wavelength range of interest, more preferably at least 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90%, on at least one side of the netting material. At some wavelengths within the particular wavelength range of interest the material may be less reflective, so long as the average of the reflectance of the material at all wavelengths across the wavelength range of interest is at least the minimum specified.
- “Woven netting” includes extruded netting, comprising crossed strands heat welded or chemically bonded together.
- The invention is further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows a section of one form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 5-10% -
FIG. 2 shows a section of another form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 10-15% -
FIG. 3 shows a section of another form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 20-25% -
FIG. 4 shows a section of one form of knitted diamond monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 5-10% -
FIG. 5 shows a section of a form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 5-10%, -
FIG. 6 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 10-15%, -
FIG. 7 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 15-20%, -
FIG. 8 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 20-25%, -
FIG. 9 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 30-35%, -
FIG. 10 shows a section of one form leno woven based monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 20-25%, -
FIG. 11 shows a section of one form leno woven based tape netting, having a cover factor of approximately 20-25%, -
FIG. 12 shows a section of another form leno woven based tape netting, having a cover factor of approximately 25-30%, -
FIG. 13 shows a section of another form leno woven based tape netting, having a cover factor of approximately 30-35%, -
FIG. 14 shows a section of another form woven based tape netting, having a cover factor of approximately 75-80%, -
FIG. 15 shows a section of one form woven monofilament warp with weft tapes netting, having a cover factor of approximately 60-65%, -
FIG. 16 shows a section of one form knitted monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 30-35%, -
FIGS. 17 a & 17 b show sections of two forms knitted monofilament netting, both giving a cover factor of approximately 40-45%, -
FIG. 18 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 60-65%, -
FIG. 19 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 80-85%, -
FIG. 20 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting, haying a cover factor of approximately 85-90%, -
FIG. 21 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting, having a cover factor of approximately 90-95%, -
FIG. 22 shows a section of one form non woven netting, having a cover factor of approximately 90-95%, -
FIG. 23 shows a section of one form of extruded netting, -
FIG. 24 shows a section of another form of extruded netting, and -
FIG. 25 shows fruit colour grade rating results referred to in the subsequent description of trials work with netting of the invention and control netting. - Netting material of the invention may be knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn (multifilament), or tape or a combination thereof; formed from a resin comprising sufficient of at least one white pigment that the netting is reflective as referred to previously.
- In one, embodiment the monofilament, yarn, or tape is formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 10 or 20 to 90% by weight of the white pigment(s) and a first polymer, with a second polymer. The “first polymer” may be a mixture of polymers as may the second polymer. The masterbatch may be in the form of thermoplastic granules. The white pigment(s) may be added to the first polymer or mix of polymers when heated to be liquid or flowable and is vigorously mixed to distribute the pigment evenly, and the first polymer comprising the mixed white pigments) is then formed into solid granules on cooling. The first polymer or polymers acts to bind the white pigments) into granules enabling solid granulation of the mixture, the masterbatch; for ease of handling in a subsequent monofilament, yarn, fibre, or tape manufacturing process. The masterbatch is then mixed with a second polymer and may be mixed in a let down range of 4 or 5 to 50% of the masterbatch to the second polymer or polymers, to form the mixture from which the monofilament, yarn, or tape is then manufactured. Monofilament may be extruded; synthetic yarn may be formed by known methods including extrusion of individual fibres which are then twisted to form a yarn. Tape may be extruded directly or the resin may be extruded into sheet form which may then be cut to tapes suitable for knitting or weaving into netting. Nonwoven netting may be formed by random binding at numerous irregular crossing points, of thermoplastic monofilament, yarn, or tape, by application of heat and pressure.
- The first polymer and the second polymer may be the same or different and may be any suitable polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, for example, or a mixture thereof, or an ethylene alpha-olefin, or a polyester, or a biopolymer, or a blend of any of the foregoing. Certain plastics are particularly useful when present as minor or major components. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) and ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA) are useful for imparting elasticity and other properties. Polyesters and polystyrene, styrene-butdienie (SB), acrylonitrile-butadienie-styrene (ABS), styrene-aciylonitrile (SAN), polyethylenie terephithialate (PET), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate are useful as dye carriers and also for influencing radiation (reflecting, absorbing and transmission) properties and also other properties on the materials. Starch and other plant polymers are useful to increase biodegradability. Alternatively the material may comprise in part or whole of paper, wood or cellulose fibre, starch based polymers, casein, latex or in any combination of the above and/or with petroleum derived plastic polymers. In addition to the white pigment the polymer or polymer blend may incorporate other agents such as a UV stabiliser or combination of stabilisers and processing aid or aids.
- The white pigment(s) may be chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, titanium, and calcium pigments. In certain embodiments the white pigment may be selected from zirconium dioxide, magnesium zirconate, calcium zirconate, strontium zirconate, barium zirconate, zirconium silicate, zinc sulphide, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, magnesium oxide, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and potassium oxide. The white pigment may also consist of or include a K2O.TiO2 composition.
- In some embodiments sufficient white pigment is incorporated in the monofilament, yarn, or tape such that it reflects at least 30 or 40% of the solar radiation on average in the UV (wavelength about 280-400 nm), visible (wavelength about 400-700 nm) and very near infrared (wavelength about 700-800 nm) ranges, and transmits at least 10% or 5% on average of solar radiation in the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
- As referred to previously in some embodiments the material may also incorporate a compound or compounds added to increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorbs radiation from the earth when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants.
- As referred to previously in some embodiments the material may also incorporate a compound or compounds added to increase the extent to which the material transmits and/or absorbs radiation from the earth when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants:
- As referred to previously in some embodiments the material may also incorporate a compound or compounds added to increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorbs solar radiation when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants.
- As referred to previously in some embodiments the material may also incorporate a compound or compounds added to increase the extent to which the material transmits and/or absorbs solar radiation when the material is placed over or adjacent to plants.
- In some embodiments the material is of denier 50 to 2000 or 100 to 1000 and most typically 300 to 800 or 400 to 600.
- The material may be constructed to have a higher knitted or woven or non-woven density in parallel side margins of the material, so that these side margins of the material are stronger.
-
FIGS. 1 to 22 show by way of example sections of netting material. -
FIG. 1 shows a section of one form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 5-10%. The netting is knitted in a hexagonal structure of around 8 mm across. -
FIG. 2 shows a section of another form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 10-15%. The netting is knitted in a hexagonal structure of around 13 mm across. -
FIG. 3 shows a section of another form of knitted hexagonal monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 20-25%. The netting is knitted in a hexagonal structure of around 13 mm across but with additional strands of monofilament across the hexagonal. -
FIG. 4 shows a section of one form of knitted diamond monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 5-10%. The netting is knitted in a diamond structure of around 15 mm across the diamond. -
FIG. 5 shows a section of a form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 540%. The pillars are joined by monofilaments across the pillars. -
FIG. 6 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 10-15%. The pillars are larger and are joined by more monofilaments across the pillars than in the netting ofFIG. 5 . -
FIG. 7 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 15-20%. The pillars are joined by more monofilaments across the pillars than in the netting ofFIG. 6 . -
FIG. 8 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar based monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 20-25%. The pillars are closer and joined by more monofilaments across the pillars than in the netting ofFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 9 shows a section of another form of knitted pillar, based monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 30-35%. The pillars are joined by more monofilaments across the pillars than in the netting ofFIG. 8 . -
FIG. 10 shows a section of one form leno woven based monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 20-25%. The leno construction has the warp monofilaments wrap around, over and under the weft monofilaments. -
FIG. 11 shows a section of one form leno woven based tape netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 20-25%. The leno construction has the warp tapes wrap around, over and under the weft tapes. -
FIG. 12 shows a section of another form leno woven based tape netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 25-30%. The leno construction has the warp tapes wrap around, over and under the weft tapes. -
FIG. 13 shows a section of another form leno woven based tape netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 30-35%. The leno construction has the warp tapes wrap around, over and under the weft tapes. -
FIG. 14 shows a section of one form woven based tape netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 75-80%. In this case the tapes weave over under each other and with sufficient gap to give a netting structure. -
FIG. 15 shows a section of one form knitted monofilament wasp with weft or cross tapes type netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 60-65%. In this case the warp or cross yarn is a tape rather than a monofilament. -
FIG. 16 shows a section of one form knitted monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 30-35%, with small apertures. -
FIGS. 17 a & 17 b shows a section of two types of forms of knitted monofilament netting. The netting have cover factors of approximately 40-45%, with smaller apertures. -
FIG. 18 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 60-65%, with smaller apertures. -
FIG. 19 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 75-80%, with smaller apertures. -
FIG. 20 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 80-85%, with smaller apertures. -
FIG. 21 shows a section of another form knitted monofilament netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 85-90%, with smaller apertures. -
FIG. 22 shows a section of one form non woven netting. The netting has a cover factor of approximately 90-95% with very small apertures. -
FIG. 23 shows a section of one form of bonded woven netting. The netting construction comprises spaced warp monofilaments overlaying spaced weft monofilaments (or vice versa) and bonded together at their intersections or crossings by heat welding or chemical bonding. The netting has a square aperture structure with apertures around 20 mm across. -
FIG. 24 shows a section of another form of an extruded woven netting having a diamond aperture structure with apertures around 20 mm across at widest. - Typically reflective netting of the invention has a cover factor of 50% or less. Where the netting is knitted shade cloth however, for example, it may have a higher cover factor, up to 95% but typically still less than 70%. Where the netting is woven shade cloth however, for example, it may have a higher cover factor, up to 85% but typically still less than 70%.
- In some embodiments reflective netting of the invention may comprise air space apertures through the material of widest dimension about 30 mm. In other embodiments reflective netting of the invention may comprise air space apertures through the material of widest dimension about 20 mm. In some embodiments reflective netting of the invention may comprise air space apertures through the material of widest dimension in the range 10-30 mm.
- As referred to previously the netting may be knitted or woven or formed in a non-woven construction, from monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination. Yarn may comprise multiple synthetic fibres twisted together (multifilaments). Tape may for example be formed by extruding synthetic sheet material from the resin, and then cutting the extruded sheet material to form long tapes of typically 1 to 5 mm of width.
- The yarn or tape from which the netting is formed has high reflectance, and reflects at least 30 or 40% more preferably at least 50% or 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or more of at least UV and visible light.
- Typically the netting is supported over the plant(s) and/or as a vertical and/or angled wall or walls near the plant(s), or on the ground itself, by for example cables or wires between posts positioned along the rows of plants in a garden, fieldcrop, orchard or vineyard, or is draped over the plant(s), as bird netting, insect netting (for repelling for example mosquitoes, or as for example bee exclusion netting), shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection. Netting may be placed near plants to protect for example annual plants, perennial plants, fruit trees, or grape vines, vegetable plants, from birds, insects, excessive sun, wind, or hail. The netting is reflective or highly reflective due to relatively high content of the white pigment(s) referred to above, of UV and visible light incident on the netting i.e. on the monofilament, yarn, or tapes thereof, is reflected. A small portion of incident light hits the netting such that it is reflected away but most light although undergoing a change in direction due to reflection from the netting nonetheless enters the netting canopy but is diffused, and hits the plants and particularly fruit or vegetables below or adjacent the netting canopy and creates an environment that is favourable for plant growth and/or fruit or vegetable development, and an environment suited to beneficial organisms (insects, bacteria and fungi etc) and less favoured by non beneficial organisms of the plant or fruits or vegetables. Light not hitting the netting passes directly through the netting air space to the plants and fruit. An advantage of the UV reflectance may be that the netting is more visible to insects and birds and thus more effective at repelling insects and birds because it forms a visible (Or behavioural) as well as mechanical barrier.
- The following description of trials work further illustrates and demonstrates the invention:
- Some trees in a young Honey Crisp apple orchard block in Washington State, USA were covered in May (early summer) with a control netting and other trees nearby in the same orchard were covered with netting of an embodiment of the invention. Both nettings were knitted from monofilament in a hexagonal structure and were similar to that of
FIG. 2 , and comprised hexagonal apertures around 8 mm across. Both nettings had it cover factor of approximately 20%. The monofilament of the control netting comprised polyethylene with 5% by weight titanium dioxide as a white pigment. The monofilament of the netting of the invention comprised polyethylene with 14% calcium carbonate as a white pigment. The control netting and the netting of the invention were used to cover the trees in the same way. The netting remained in place until harvest. - At harvest fruit samples were taken to evaluate the level of colouration. In particular 20 trees were individually sampled at each of two harvests with up to a 10 fruit sample collected from each tree. Each individual fruit was then rated for its colour grade and presence of sunburn. The colour rating scale used was:
-
- Colour grade 1: 25% light blush
- Colour grade 2: 50-7.5% light blush
- Colour grade 3: 50% bright red or 75% mid red blush
- Colour grade 4: 50% bright red or 100% mid red blush
- Colour grade: >90% bright red blush
- Grades were measured in 0.5 grade units
- The colour grade rating results are shown in
FIG. 25 , in which shaded bars are for fruit from trees covered with netting of the invention and the non-shaded bars are for fruit from trees covered with the control netting. Data from the two harvests has been combined. - The fruit from trees covered with netting of the invention produced less low colour grade fruit (color grades 2.5 and below), and more high colour grade fruit (
color grades 4 and above). Both the control and netting of the invention had a similar effect on reduction of fruit sunburn. Thus the netting of the invention reduced sunburn to a similar extent as the control shadecloth netting, but with improved development of fruit colouration. The improved fruit colouration may be due to higher UV reflectance. Both nettings are believed to have had similar reflectance of visible light. - The foregoing describes the invention including a preferred form thereof, alterations and modifications as will be obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be incorporated in the scope hereof, as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (81)
1. A reflective netting material which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, yarn, or tape reflects at least 30% solar radiation on average across the UV (wavelength about 280-400 nm), visible (wavelength about 400-700 nm) and very near infrared (wavelength about 700-800 nm) ranges, and which transmits at least 10% or 5% on average of solar radiation across the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
2. A reflective netting material which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one pigment such that the monofilament, yarn, or tape reflects at least 40% solar radiation on average across the UV (wavelength about 280-400 nm), visible (wavelength about 400-700 nm) and very near infrared (wavelength about 700-800 nm) ranges, and which transmits at least 10% or 5% on average of solar radiation across the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
3. A reflective netting material according to claim 1 or claim 2 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof which reflects more solar radiation than it transmits and absorbs in the UV, visible, and very near infrared ranges.
4. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof which transmits at least 15% of solar radiation on average in the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
5. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof which transmits at least 20% of solar radiation on average in the wavelength range about 800-2500 nm.
6. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 95%.
7. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 90%.
8. A reflective netting Material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 80%.
9. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 70%.
10. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 60%.
11. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 50%.
12. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 40%.
13. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 30%.
14. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 20%.
15. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material and, has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 10%.
16. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a knitted material, and has a cover factor (as herein defined) of less than 5%.
17. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 85%.
18. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a covet factor (as herein defined) less than 80%.
19. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 70%.
20. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 60%.
21. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 50%.
22. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 40%.
23. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 30%.
24. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 20%.
25. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 10%.
26. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 5%.
27. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 95%.
28. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 90%.
29. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 80%.
30. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 70%.
31. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 60%.
32. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 50%.
33. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 40%.
34. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 30%.
35. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 20%.
36. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven material and has a cover factor (as herein defined) less than 10%.
37. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 which is a non-woven, material and has a cover factor (as herein defined), less than 5%.
38. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 37 which is reflective of at least 40% on average of visible light on at least one side of the netting material.
39. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 37 which is reflective of at least 50% on average of visible light on at least one side of the netting material.
40. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 37 which is, reflective of at least 60% on average of visible light on at least one side of the netting material.
41. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 37 which is reflective of at least 70% on average of visible light on at least one side of the netting material.
42. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 37 which is reflective of at least 80% on average of visible light on at least one side of the netting material.
43. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 37 which is reflective of at least 90% on average of visible light on at least one side of the netting material.
44. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 4% by weight of at least one white pigment.
45. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 8% by weight of at least one white pigment.
46. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 10% by weight of at least one white pigment.
47. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, of non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 12% by weight of at least one white pigment.
48. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 14% by weight of at least one white pigment.
49. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 16% by weight of at least one white pigment.
50. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 18% by weight of at least one white pigment.
51. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 20% by weight of at least one white pigment.
52. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination, thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 25% by weight of at least one white pigment.
53. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 43 which is knitted, woven, or non-woven, from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least 30% by weight of at least one white pigment.
54. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 45 to 53 wherein the white pigment comprises a zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, or potassium pigment or a combination thereof.
55. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 45 to 53 wherein the white pigment comprises zirconium dioxide, magnesium zirconate, calcium zirconate, strontium zirconate, barium zirconate, zirconium silicate, zinc sulphide, calcium carbonate, barium sulphate, magnesium oxide, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide, potassium oxide, or a combination thereof.
56. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 45 to 55 wherein the white pigment is present in the form of particles of size 0.02-5 microns.
57. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 45 to 55 wherein the white pigment is present in the form of particles of size 0.1-3 microns.
58. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 46 to 54 wherein the white pigment comprises a K2O.TiO2 composition.
59. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 58 wherein the monofilament, yarn, or tape is formed from polypropylene.
60. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 59 knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising a white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 10 to 90% by weight of a white pigment or combination of pigments, and a first polymer, with a second polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 4 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
61. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 59 knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising a white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 20 to 90% by weight of a white pigment or combination of pigments, and a first polymer, with a second polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 5 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
62. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 61 knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorption of radiation from the earth (terrestrial (long wave or infrared) radiation).
63. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 61 knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material allows transmission and/or absorption of radiation from the earth (terrestrial (long wave or infrared) radiation).
64. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 61 knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material reflects and/or absorbs solar radiation.
65. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 61 knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising a compound or compounds added to cause or increase the extent to which the material allows transmission and/or absorption of solar radiation.
66. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 65 wherein the material is of denier 50 to 2000.
67. A reflective-netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 65 wherein the material is of denier 100 to 1000.
68. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 65 wherein the material is of denier 300 to 800.
69. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 65 wherein the material is of denier 400 to 600.
70. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 69 wherein the material comprises air space apertures through the material of widest dimension about 20 mm.
71. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 69 wherein the material comprises air space apertures through the material of widest dimension about 30 mm.
72. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 69 wherein the material comprises air space apertures in the range 10-30 mm.
73. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 72 constructed to have a higher density in stronger parallel side margins of the material.
74. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 73 which is a bird netting.
75. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 73 which is an insect netting.
76. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 73 which is a shade cloth netting.
77. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 73 which is a windbreak netting.
78. A reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 73 which is a hail protection netting.
79. A reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 10 to 90% by weight of a white pigment or combination of pigments chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer, with a second polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 4 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
80. A reflective netting material knitted, woven or non-woven from a synthetic monofilament, yarn, or tape or a combination thereof formed from a resin comprising at least one white pigment, which resin has been formed by mixing a masterbatch consisting essentially of 20 to 90% by weight of a white pigment or combination of pigments chosen from zirconium, strontium, barium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, titanium, and potassium pigments, and a first polymer, with a second polymer such that the resin (masterbatch) comprising the white pigment comprises between about 5 to 50% by weight of the total mixture.
81. A method of treating a plant or fruit or vegetables thereon which comprises providing over and/or adjacent the plant as bird netting, insect netting, shadecloth netting, windbreak netting, or hail protection netting a reflective netting material according to any one of claims 1 to 80.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ576327 | 2009-04-16 | ||
NZ57632709 | 2009-04-16 | ||
PCT/NZ2010/000075 WO2010120201A2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Reflective netting material |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NZ2010/000075 A-371-Of-International WO2010120201A2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Reflective netting material |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/781,463 Continuation US9414549B2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2013-02-28 | Reflective netting material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20120090229A1 true US20120090229A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
Family
ID=42983039
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/264,309 Abandoned US20120090229A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Reflective netting material |
US13/781,463 Active US9414549B2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2013-02-28 | Reflective netting material |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/781,463 Active US9414549B2 (en) | 2009-04-16 | 2013-02-28 | Reflective netting material |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20120090229A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2418931A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010237076B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2758721C (en) |
CL (1) | CL2011002537A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010120201A2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130219785A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-29 | Michael H. Ritchotte | Apparatuses, kits, systems, and methods for protecting and/or supporting a plant during a growth cycle of the plant |
US20130219783A1 (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2013-08-29 | Extenday Ip Limited | Crop protection netting |
US20160353677A1 (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2016-12-08 | Nine Ip Limited | Netting materials |
US20180119485A1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-03 | Hunter Douglas, Inc. | Covering for architectural features, related systems, and methods of manufacture |
US20190059244A1 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2019-02-28 | Nine Ip Limited | Crop netting material |
US11219170B2 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2022-01-11 | Berry Global, Inc. | Shelters for plants |
US20220010467A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2022-01-13 | Teijin Limited | Cloth and protective product |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2012229597A1 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2013-10-03 | Nine Ip Limited | Reflective ground cover material |
JP5877441B2 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2016-03-08 | 岡山県 | Fruit bag |
NZ746230A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2020-06-26 | Nine Ip Ltd | Netting, crop cover, and ground cover materials |
WO2014098621A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Extenday Ip Limited | Netting material with grommets |
WO2014182180A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-13 | Extenday Ip Limited | Netting material with eyelets |
US11968931B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2024-04-30 | Tree Defender, Llc | Plant cover device with tubular shape and base member and related methods |
US11503777B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2022-11-22 | Tree Defender, Llc | Plant cover device with upper end and lower tubular end and related methods |
US11122752B1 (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2021-09-21 | Tree Defender, Llc | Plant cover with insect resistant bag for enclosing a plant |
CL2016001634A1 (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-12-02 | Univ Concepcion | Bicolor mesh that prevents damage to the fruit due to the action of direct solar radiation and high temperatures. |
GB201713976D0 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-10-18 | Pepsico Inc | Light spectrum-modifying netting for use in citrus fruit production |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2511644A (en) * | 1946-01-25 | 1950-06-13 | G S Robins & Company | Reinforced woven laundry net |
US3581436A (en) * | 1968-09-25 | 1971-06-01 | James D Basiger | Plant shield |
US3697347A (en) * | 1967-01-23 | 1972-10-10 | Hercules Inc | Process of preparing air-pervious spot-bonded nonwoven fabrics |
GB2098247A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-17 | Perifleur Products Ltd | Nets |
US4749625A (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1988-06-07 | Hiraoka & Co., Ltd. | Amorphous metal laminate sheet |
US5097624A (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1992-03-24 | Avi Klayman | Netting for crop protection |
JPH07298793A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-14 | Inoue Shoten:Kk | Light-shielding net |
US6339898B1 (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2002-01-22 | Jonathan Dallas Toye | Plant treatment material and method |
US6421954B2 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2002-07-23 | Ming-Hsien Ko | Sunshade for agricultural use |
US6586350B2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2003-07-01 | Polysack Plastic Industries (R.A.C.S.) Ltd. | Net for protecting plants from light |
US6658789B2 (en) * | 1996-12-26 | 2003-12-09 | Avi Klayman | Plant protection |
US7326660B2 (en) * | 2004-04-05 | 2008-02-05 | Conwed Plastics Llc | Degradable netting |
Family Cites Families (49)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US544971A (en) | 1895-08-20 | Ellen donnelly | ||
US621190A (en) | 1899-03-14 | Hook and eye | ||
US568221A (en) | 1896-09-22 | Hook and eye | ||
US316261A (en) | 1885-04-21 | Buckle | ||
US378597A (en) | 1888-02-28 | Samuel keamee and jacob levy | ||
US823317A (en) | 1906-01-13 | 1906-06-12 | John H Best | Pin-hook. |
US1037334A (en) | 1910-10-21 | 1912-09-03 | Anna Margaretha Schneider | Hook and eye. |
US1737300A (en) | 1928-03-24 | 1929-11-26 | Joseph H Dayton | Holding device for ironing-board covers |
US2328474A (en) | 1941-06-07 | 1943-08-31 | Lewis John | Stretching device |
US2459735A (en) | 1945-02-05 | 1949-01-18 | Columbus Mckinnon Chain Corp | Method of manufacture of snap hooks |
US2680891A (en) | 1952-09-02 | 1954-06-15 | Franklin J Petzke | Fabric fastener |
US2820269A (en) | 1955-05-17 | 1958-01-21 | Charles H Wolff | Towel adjuster |
US2900692A (en) | 1956-10-10 | 1959-08-25 | Fay S Lincoln | Pin fastener |
US2940219A (en) * | 1957-03-14 | 1960-06-14 | Schiller Sigge | Means for promoting plant growth by reflecting light and deflecting water |
US3990650A (en) | 1975-02-03 | 1976-11-09 | Devine Joseph C | Balanced frame reel trailer |
US3970227A (en) | 1975-02-21 | 1976-07-20 | Hardy Gilbert F | Spring loop key ring and belt attachment |
FR2352204A1 (en) | 1976-05-17 | 1977-12-16 | Litre Jean | Hook for supporting curtains or furniture covers - has single length of wire with hook one end and eye for receiving loop formed by overlapping wire at other end |
FR2404759A1 (en) | 1977-09-30 | 1979-04-27 | Peugeot Cycles | Hook for end of lashing strap - has bent wire body with helicoidal ramped guide edge |
US4236688A (en) | 1979-01-15 | 1980-12-02 | Wilk John J | Anchoring devices |
DE3273902D1 (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1986-11-27 | Plg Res | Plastics material mesh structure |
NZ207424A (en) | 1983-07-22 | 1987-06-30 | A C Wood | Windbreak material |
US4649954A (en) | 1985-08-21 | 1987-03-17 | Dunwoody Rex J | Lawn caddie |
US5024834A (en) | 1988-07-12 | 1991-06-18 | Cetus Corporation | Thioether linked immunotoxin conjugates |
US4979714A (en) | 1989-10-05 | 1990-12-25 | Infection Control Products, Inc. | Drainage bag hanger |
US5056247A (en) | 1990-06-06 | 1991-10-15 | Loomie Leo S | Fabric tensioning device having a collapsible support, elastic means, and fabric hooks |
US5067205A (en) | 1990-09-27 | 1991-11-26 | Chen Chun Hui | Structure of paper clip |
US5406680A (en) | 1993-07-28 | 1995-04-18 | Silverberg; Morton | Firmly gripping high capacity paper clip |
US5771630A (en) * | 1994-02-21 | 1998-06-30 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Agricultural covering material |
US5465596A (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1995-11-14 | Park; James I. | Key ring |
US5546639A (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-08-20 | Wecor | Shock cord hooks |
US5638584A (en) | 1996-04-08 | 1997-06-17 | De Anfrasio; Antoine | Attachment and cable fastening device |
AU2004201984B2 (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2008-05-29 | Extenday Ip Limited | Plant Treatment Material And Method |
NZ517454A (en) | 1996-11-19 | 2003-09-26 | Extenday Ip Ltd | Ground cover comprised of a white pigment reflective material that allows part transmission of radiation of 800- 2500 nm |
SE507412C2 (en) | 1997-03-17 | 1998-05-25 | Henry Norrby | Tie hook |
GB2337291B (en) | 1998-05-14 | 2002-03-20 | Ts Tech Co Ltd | Tensioning clip for seat covering |
US6014794A (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2000-01-18 | Mc Coy; Patrick M. | Reinforced bungee cord tie down |
US6823565B2 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2004-11-30 | Extenday Ip Limited | Sheet fastening and anchoring component and system |
CA2421687A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-14 | Polysack Plastic Industries (R.A.C.S.) Ltd. | New technology for improving the utilization of sunlight by plants |
US6796083B2 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-09-28 | Biotechnet Ltd. | Barrier, enclosure and method for protecting crops including a light reflecting screen |
NZ531447A (en) | 2004-03-01 | 2006-10-27 | Doranda Ltd | A vehicle for ground cover rolls |
NZ570110A (en) | 2004-07-22 | 2010-06-25 | Extenday Ip Ltd | Plant treatment material |
NZ553845A (en) | 2004-09-07 | 2010-02-26 | Tama Plastic Ind | Netting material with reflective or luminescent marker |
DE102005053425A1 (en) * | 2005-05-30 | 2006-12-07 | Baywa Aktiengesellschaft | Rain or hail protection device for crops |
WO2007059345A2 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-24 | Plantra, Inc. | Horticultural netting with dimensional control |
US20070266625A1 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-22 | Markis Beverly L | Plant cover |
US20070266624A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-22 | Mhc Inc. | Promotion device and promotion method for carbon-dioxide assimilation of plant |
JP2008022796A (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-02-07 | Nippon Pipe System Kk | Trimming fence for fruit tree shrub cultivation, and fruit tree shrub cultivation device |
JP2008148592A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-07-03 | Sk Sangyo Kk | Windbreak net |
CN201146722Y (en) | 2008-01-14 | 2008-11-12 | 韩国方 | Tea plant sun-shading net |
-
2010
- 2010-04-16 AU AU2010237076A patent/AU2010237076B2/en active Active
- 2010-04-16 WO PCT/NZ2010/000075 patent/WO2010120201A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-04-16 US US13/264,309 patent/US20120090229A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-16 EP EP10764720.8A patent/EP2418931A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-04-16 CA CA2758721A patent/CA2758721C/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-10-12 CL CL2011002537A patent/CL2011002537A1/en unknown
-
2013
- 2013-02-28 US US13/781,463 patent/US9414549B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2511644A (en) * | 1946-01-25 | 1950-06-13 | G S Robins & Company | Reinforced woven laundry net |
US3697347A (en) * | 1967-01-23 | 1972-10-10 | Hercules Inc | Process of preparing air-pervious spot-bonded nonwoven fabrics |
US3581436A (en) * | 1968-09-25 | 1971-06-01 | James D Basiger | Plant shield |
GB2098247A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-17 | Perifleur Products Ltd | Nets |
US4749625A (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1988-06-07 | Hiraoka & Co., Ltd. | Amorphous metal laminate sheet |
US5097624A (en) * | 1989-05-15 | 1992-03-24 | Avi Klayman | Netting for crop protection |
JPH07298793A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-14 | Inoue Shoten:Kk | Light-shielding net |
US6339898B1 (en) * | 1996-11-19 | 2002-01-22 | Jonathan Dallas Toye | Plant treatment material and method |
US6658789B2 (en) * | 1996-12-26 | 2003-12-09 | Avi Klayman | Plant protection |
US6421954B2 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2002-07-23 | Ming-Hsien Ko | Sunshade for agricultural use |
US6586350B2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2003-07-01 | Polysack Plastic Industries (R.A.C.S.) Ltd. | Net for protecting plants from light |
US7326660B2 (en) * | 2004-04-05 | 2008-02-05 | Conwed Plastics Llc | Degradable netting |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10750679B2 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2020-08-25 | Nine Ip Limited | Crop protection netting |
US20130219783A1 (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2013-08-29 | Extenday Ip Limited | Crop protection netting |
US20170325413A1 (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2017-11-16 | Nine Ip Limited | Crop protection netting |
US9883637B2 (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2018-02-06 | Nine Ip Limited | Crop protection netting |
US20130219785A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-29 | Michael H. Ritchotte | Apparatuses, kits, systems, and methods for protecting and/or supporting a plant during a growth cycle of the plant |
US20160353677A1 (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2016-12-08 | Nine Ip Limited | Netting materials |
US10939624B2 (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2021-03-09 | Nine Ip Limited | Netting materials |
US20190059244A1 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2019-02-28 | Nine Ip Limited | Crop netting material |
US20180119485A1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-03 | Hunter Douglas, Inc. | Covering for architectural features, related systems, and methods of manufacture |
US10975616B2 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2021-04-13 | Hunter Douglas Inc. | Covering for architectural features, related systems, and methods of manufacture |
US11891854B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2024-02-06 | Hunter Douglas Inc. | Covering for architectural features, related systems, and methods of manufacture |
US11219170B2 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2022-01-11 | Berry Global, Inc. | Shelters for plants |
US20220010467A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2022-01-13 | Teijin Limited | Cloth and protective product |
US11846047B2 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2023-12-19 | Teijin Limited | Cloth and protective product |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9414549B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
AU2010237076A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
CA2758721A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
CL2011002537A1 (en) | 2012-04-20 |
WO2010120201A2 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
US20130239472A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
EP2418931A2 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
EP2418931A4 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
WO2010120201A3 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
AU2010237076B2 (en) | 2016-01-21 |
CA2758721C (en) | 2017-05-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2758721C (en) | Reflective netting material | |
US10750679B2 (en) | Crop protection netting | |
US20210144932A1 (en) | Netting, crop cover, and ground cover materials | |
US10939624B2 (en) | Netting materials | |
US8834987B2 (en) | Woven ground cover materials | |
US20160073592A1 (en) | Crop protection netting | |
WO2015020543A1 (en) | Woven ground cover materials | |
US20170145606A1 (en) | Netting material | |
AU2016277669A1 (en) | Reflective ground cover material | |
AU2011277120B2 (en) | Canopy material | |
Castellano et al. | Design and use criteria of netting systems for agricultural production in Italy | |
NZ578427A (en) | Woven ground cover materials with warp and weft tapes partly folded at crossings to control water flow through cover on gradients |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EXTENDAY IP LIMITED, NEW ZEALAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TOYE, JONATHAN DALLAS;REEL/FRAME:028566/0470 Effective date: 20111222 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |