US20120090155A1 - Method of fastening a guard rail by means of a guard rail bolt, the guard rail bolt and the tool for fastening the guard rail bolt - Google Patents
Method of fastening a guard rail by means of a guard rail bolt, the guard rail bolt and the tool for fastening the guard rail bolt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120090155A1 US20120090155A1 US13/215,694 US201113215694A US2012090155A1 US 20120090155 A1 US20120090155 A1 US 20120090155A1 US 201113215694 A US201113215694 A US 201113215694A US 2012090155 A1 US2012090155 A1 US 2012090155A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bolt
- dowel
- guard rail
- fastening
- rotation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
- F16B13/08—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
- F16B13/0858—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation with an expansible sleeve or dowel body driven against a tapered or spherical expander plug
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B31/00—Hand tools for applying fasteners
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/18—Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/181—Balustrades
- E04F11/1812—Details of anchoring to the wall or floor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49833—Punching, piercing or reaming part by surface of second part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
- Y10T29/49948—Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
- Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
- Y10T29/49963—Threaded fastener
Definitions
- This invention relates to bolts used in the building industry serving to fasten guard rails to concrete slabs, e.g. apartment balcony slabs, and referred to as guard rail bolts.
- the concrete slab is drilled to a sufficient length, to the diameter of the bolt, opposite each hole in the shoe, the bolt is driven in by striking its head, then the nut is screwed on, thereby ensuring fastening of the shoe.
- the bolts used are generally of the self-undercutting and self-expanding type, i.e. capable upon fixing, on the one hand, of enlarging in a conical manner the hole drilled in the concrete at the end of the bolt and, on the other hand, of being expanded there, by the forced deformation of expansion lugs by means of a cone, in such a manner that it remains in contact with the walls of the hole having the diameter achieved in this manner.
- the aim of the undercut is to relieve the stresses in the concrete around the hole in which the bolt is anchored. As the concrete does not remain locally prestressed once the bolt has been fixed, it consequently does not have the tendency to spall, in particular at the edge of the slab.
- the undercut is produced when the bolt is driven into the concrete by striking and/or rotating its threaded head via a sleeve provided with a carbide coating to this end and covering the bolt, then the tightening of the nut results in the expansion of the lugs over a cone rigidly connected to the bolt, on the one hand, as a result of the reduction in the size of the bolt due to the tightening and, on the other hand, as a result of the fact that the lugs are held at this depth by the sleeve.
- the aim of this invention is to obviate these disadvantages.
- the applicant firstly proposes a method of fastening a guard rail to a concrete slab by means of a self-expanding and self-undercutting bolt comprising a dowel having expanding lugs and an expansion core, the method comprising a phase consisting in drilling a hole in the slab, a phase consisting in driving the bolt in to a desired depth independent of the depth of the hole, a dynamic tightening phase resulting in the formation of the undercut and a static tightening phase of the guard rail.
- dynamic tightening refers to tightening leading to the displacement of the expansion lugs or of the formation of the undercut with respect to depth.
- the dynamic tightening is advantageously carried out by relative screwing of the dowel and the expansion core to a given depth.
- a self-expanding and self-undercutting guard rail bolt comprising a dowel and a counter-dowel screwed together by means of their screwing ends, the dowel comprising at its fastening end a guard rail fastening head designed to be driven in rotation and rigidly connected at its screwing end by means of incipient fracture means to a ring provided with expansion lugs, the counter-dowel comprising at its other expansion end an expansion cone and anti-rotation means, the expansion lugs comprising means for forming an undercut.
- the concrete can be drilled to the diameter of the bolt and therefore through the fastening holes in the shoe.
- the applicant finally proposes a tool for fixing the guard rail bolts according to the invention comprising means for driving them in rotation and complementary means for controlling the depth to which the bolt is driven into an anchoring hole.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are respectively a perspective view and an axial section of the bolt according to the invention.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively a perspective view and an axial section of the tool for fixing bolts according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross section of the fixing tool along the line AA of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 6 is an axial section of a guard rail shoe fastened to a concrete slab by means of two bolts according to the invention, each during a different phase of the fixing operation.
- the guard rail bolt 1 having a nominal diameter D comprises a dowel 10 having an axis 5 and a counter-dowel 20 coaxial with the dowel 10 .
- the dowel 10 has a generally cylindrical shape and is provided on its first end 11 referred to as the fastening end with a head 13 for fastening the guard rail or any other furniture to be mounted on a concrete slab, in this case a threaded head.
- the head 13 is topped by a pin 14 having a height t, designed to be driven in rotation, in this case by two flats 140 which are symmetrical relative to the axis 5 of the bolt.
- the dowel 10 is provided with a ring 16 comprising expansion lugs 17 rigidly connected to the remainder of the dowel by an incipient fracture groove 15 . Fracture occurs when a certain torque C having an axis 5 is applied to the pin 14 of the dowel.
- the expansion lugs 17 in this case comprise circular teeth 170 for the formation of an undercut on the wall of the hole drilled in the concrete in order to receive the bolt, as will be described hereinafter.
- the counter-dowel 20 comprises on its first end 21 , referred to as the expansion end, an expansion cone 23 for the lugs 17 and an anti-rotation head 24 having an, in this case, square cross section, the edges 240 of which project slightly beyond the nominal diameter D of the bolt, or of the hole drilled in the concrete, to a sufficient extent to prevent rotation of the counter-dowel about the axis 5 as a result of the torque C by means of friction.
- the counter-dowel 20 is screwed by means of its second screwing end 22 into a tapped bore 19 having an axis 5 provided in the screwing end 12 of the dowel 10 .
- the tool 2 for fixing the bolt 1 having a generally cylindrical shape and an axis 5 ′, is designed to rotate the dowel 10 about its axis 5 by means of its pin 14 when the bolt 1 is introduced into the hole drilled in the concrete.
- a cylindrical drive sleeve 35 having a length e 2 designed, as will be seen in the cross section of FIG. 5 , to follow the contours of the flats 140 of the pin 14 at is lower end 36 when the axes 5 and 5 ′ coincide and when it is positioned on the head 13 of the bolt 1 .
- This drive sleeve 35 plays freely in translation along the axis 5 ′ guided between two end limits by a stop guide 31 . These limits are determined by the upper face 37 of the lower end 34 of the stop guide 31 , having a length el and a cross section 33 reduced to such an extent that it will not allow for the passage of the sleeve 35 , and the upper limit resulting from the limit compression 1 of a spring 38 .
- the spring 38 is compressed between the sleeve 35 and the lower face 41 of a plug 50 closing the cylindrical free space containing it.
- the lower end 36 of the sleeve 35 is in contact with the upper face 37 of the lower end 34 of the stop guide 31 and these two faces are then at a distance from the lower face 41 of the plug 50 by a length L.
- the spring 38 allows the lower end 36 to be applied constantly to the head 13 , thereby holding the pin 14 in the interior of this end.
- the plug 50 is rigidly connected to a hexagon head 32 by means of which the tool 2 can be rotated, being held by the external sleeve 30 without affecting its rotation about the axis 5 ′.
- the bolt 1 ′ ready for use is forced into the hole 62 ′ to the desired depth, in this case in such a manner that the threaded part of the head 13 projects from the shoe 61 by a desired height E 2 generally equal to the sum of the thicknesses of a fastening nut and a washer (not shown) increased by the length h.
- the bolt 1 ′ is shown in this position and in this state.
- the anti-rotation head 24 of the counter-dowel 20 holds the bolt 1 ′ at this depth.
- the axis 5 ′ of the tool 2 ′ and the axis 5 of the bolt are made to coincide so that the pin 14 engages in the lower end 36 of the sleeve 35 returned by the spring 38 to the pin 14 and the tool is pressed in order to bring the lower face 33 of the stop guide 31 to bear against the upper face 63 of the shoe 61 .
- the undercut is formed by the teeth 170 of the lugs 17 by rotating the head 32 by means of an alien key.
- the plug 50 , the spindle 39 rigidly connected thereto, the sleeve 35 and the pin 14 are rotated by virtue of the shape of the cross section of the contact surfaces between the sleeve, the spindle and the pin, the dowel 10 being screwed on to the counter-dowel 20 and held fixed in rotation and translation by the anti-rotation head 24 .
- the dowel 10 drives the lugs 17 , which are expanded by the cone 23 to a predetermined depth h and thus form the undercut in the hole 103 ′.
- the tightening torque due to the screwing gradually increases to the value C required to obtain fracture of the groove 15 .
- the undercut is produced.
- the bolt 1 ′′ is shown in this position and in this state.
- the fastening nut is screwed on to the threaded head 13 of the bolt in order to mount the guard rail by firmly fastening the shoe 61 .
- abnormal tensile forces may result in additional expansion of the lugs 17 and the dowel 10 can then be drawn very slightly towards the exterior of the hole.
- the bolt 1 ′ thus remains driven in to the desired depth corresponding to the bolt projecting above the surface 101 of the concrete by a height E1+E2.
- the tool 2 is dimensioned to facilitate and ensure the observance of this height so that the fastening nut is screwed fully on to the threaded head 13 , without the latter extending beyond it.
- the height h can be determined precisely as a function of the torque C. It depends on the properties of the concrete. The following must therefore apply:
- the tool 2 moreover makes it possible to control the depth to which the bolt is driven into the hole 103 . To this end, the following must apply:
- the length e 2 of the sleeve 35 must be equal to the length b of the spindle increased by the length t of the pin 14 , but reduced by the minimum length 1 of the compressed spring 38 .
- the length e 1 of the reduced section of the lower end 34 of the stop guide 31 is a function of the desired projection of the bolt above the surface 63 of the shoe 61 , E 2 ⁇ h, i.e. the thickness of the fastening nut.
- the bolt 1 can be driven through the shoe into the hole 103 ′ or 103 ′′ in the slab 100 by hammering the hexagon head 32 of the tool 2 in place on the bolt until the tool 2 comes to bear via its lower face 33 against the upper face 63 of the shoe.
- the desired driving depth of the bolt, or the projection thereof from the shoe is obtained in a very precise manner.
- the advantage of this method resides in the fact that it comprises, after the drilling of the slab, a first phase consisting in driving the bolt in to a depth closely dependent on the desired driving depth, during which no undercut is formed, thereby preventing prestressing of the concrete before anchoring, then a second dynamic tightening phase, the dowel always being driven in while the counter-dowel is static, thereby resulting in the formation of the undercut, and finally a third static tightening phase, continuing the expansion of the bolt, with only the counter-dowel moving, drawn by the dowel.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Dowels (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A self-expanding and self-undercutting guard rail bolt includes a dowel having a guard rail fastening end and a ring. The fastening end is configured to be driven in rotation, and the ring is configured to rigidly connect to a first screwing end of the dowel by an incipient fracture portion. The self-expanding and self-undercutting guard rail bolt further includes a counter-dowel screwed to the dowel by a second screwing end. The counter-dowel includes an expansion cone, and an anti-rotation head having at least one edge which projects beyond a periphery of the dowel to prevent rotation of the counter-dowel about an axis of the guard rail bolt.
Description
- This invention relates to bolts used in the building industry serving to fasten guard rails to concrete slabs, e.g. apartment balcony slabs, and referred to as guard rail bolts.
- These bolts traverse the shoes of these guard rails via holes provided to this end and are driven into the concrete drilled in advance. Each shoe is held against the slab by virtue of a nut screwed on to the threaded head of the bolt and mounted on the plate in which the holes in the shoe have been provided.
- In order to fix a bolt, the concrete slab is drilled to a sufficient length, to the diameter of the bolt, opposite each hole in the shoe, the bolt is driven in by striking its head, then the nut is screwed on, thereby ensuring fastening of the shoe.
- The bolts used are generally of the self-undercutting and self-expanding type, i.e. capable upon fixing, on the one hand, of enlarging in a conical manner the hole drilled in the concrete at the end of the bolt and, on the other hand, of being expanded there, by the forced deformation of expansion lugs by means of a cone, in such a manner that it remains in contact with the walls of the hole having the diameter achieved in this manner.
- The aim of the undercut is to relieve the stresses in the concrete around the hole in which the bolt is anchored. As the concrete does not remain locally prestressed once the bolt has been fixed, it consequently does not have the tendency to spall, in particular at the edge of the slab.
- Normally, once the slab has been drilled, the undercut is produced when the bolt is driven into the concrete by striking and/or rotating its threaded head via a sleeve provided with a carbide coating to this end and covering the bolt, then the tightening of the nut results in the expansion of the lugs over a cone rigidly connected to the bolt, on the one hand, as a result of the reduction in the size of the bolt due to the tightening and, on the other hand, as a result of the fact that the lugs are held at this depth by the sleeve.
- This fixing or fastening method has several disadvantages:
-
- the presence of the sleeve means that the concrete has to be drilled to a diameter greater than the diameter of the bolt, e.g. in the case of a bolt having a diameter M12 of the international metric system, it is necessary to drill a hole of 18;
- if the holes in the shoe are not drilled to this diameter, but to the smaller diameter of the bolts, the method also means that the concrete has to be drilled not through the shoe put in place in order to serve as a drilling guide, but before the shoe is placed in position, which may lead to drilling centre distances aligned incorrectly with those of the holes in the shoe;
- as the sleeve has a predetermined length, the bolts can only be used for one single driving depth;
- the undercut formed by the driving-in operation prestresses the concrete around the bolt before the tightening of the nut and therefore before the expansion of the bolt, as a result of which the mounting of the shoe of the guard rail on the slab cannot be controlled properly.
- The aim of this invention is to obviate these disadvantages.
- To this end, the applicant firstly proposes a method of fastening a guard rail to a concrete slab by means of a self-expanding and self-undercutting bolt comprising a dowel having expanding lugs and an expansion core, the method comprising a phase consisting in drilling a hole in the slab, a phase consisting in driving the bolt in to a desired depth independent of the depth of the hole, a dynamic tightening phase resulting in the formation of the undercut and a static tightening phase of the guard rail.
- The term “dynamic tightening” refers to tightening leading to the displacement of the expansion lugs or of the formation of the undercut with respect to depth.
- The term “static tightening”, on the other hand, refers to tightening keeping the expansion lugs or the formation of the undercut at the same depth.
- The fundamental difference between the method of the invention and that of the prior art is that no undercut is formed when the bolt is driven in, thereby preventing prestressing of the concrete remaining before the terminal static tightening, in particular torsional stress when the undercut is formed by turning the bolt.
- The dynamic tightening is advantageously carried out by relative screwing of the dowel and the expansion core to a given depth.
- In order to carry out the method of the invention, the applicant additionally proposes a self-expanding and self-undercutting guard rail bolt comprising a dowel and a counter-dowel screwed together by means of their screwing ends, the dowel comprising at its fastening end a guard rail fastening head designed to be driven in rotation and rigidly connected at its screwing end by means of incipient fracture means to a ring provided with expansion lugs, the counter-dowel comprising at its other expansion end an expansion cone and anti-rotation means, the expansion lugs comprising means for forming an undercut.
- In addition to the fact that the driving depth can be controlled by virtue of the anti-rotation means, as no retaining sleeve is required for the expansion lugs, the concrete can be drilled to the diameter of the bolt and therefore through the fastening holes in the shoe.
- In addition, once the undercut has been formed, the internal stresses of the concrete around the hole are relieved and the concrete consequently does not have the tendency to spall, particularly at the edge of the slab, as is often the case when a guard rail is to be fastened.
- The applicant finally proposes a tool for fixing the guard rail bolts according to the invention comprising means for driving them in rotation and complementary means for controlling the depth to which the bolt is driven into an anchoring hole.
- As the driving of the bolt into the hole provided in the concrete slab does not depend on the depth of the hole, it can be fastened precisely by the fixing tool without the user having to take any special measures.
- The invention will be more readily understood with the aid of the following description of the bolt of the invention, the tool and the method of fixing this bolt, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIGS. 1 and 2 are respectively a perspective view and an axial section of the bolt according to the invention; -
FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively a perspective view and an axial section of the tool for fixing bolts according to the invention; -
FIG. 5 is a cross section of the fixing tool along the line AA ofFIG. 4 , and -
FIG. 6 is an axial section of a guard rail shoe fastened to a concrete slab by means of two bolts according to the invention, each during a different phase of the fixing operation. - Referring to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , theguard rail bolt 1 having a nominal diameter D comprises adowel 10 having anaxis 5 and acounter-dowel 20 coaxial with thedowel 10. - The
dowel 10 has a generally cylindrical shape and is provided on itsfirst end 11 referred to as the fastening end with ahead 13 for fastening the guard rail or any other furniture to be mounted on a concrete slab, in this case a threaded head. - The
head 13 is topped by apin 14 having a height t, designed to be driven in rotation, in this case by twoflats 140 which are symmetrical relative to theaxis 5 of the bolt. - At the
second end 12, referred to as the screwing end, thedowel 10 is provided with aring 16 comprisingexpansion lugs 17 rigidly connected to the remainder of the dowel by anincipient fracture groove 15. Fracture occurs when a certain torque C having anaxis 5 is applied to thepin 14 of the dowel. - The expansion lugs 17 in this case comprise
circular teeth 170 for the formation of an undercut on the wall of the hole drilled in the concrete in order to receive the bolt, as will be described hereinafter. - The
counter-dowel 20 comprises on itsfirst end 21, referred to as the expansion end, anexpansion cone 23 for thelugs 17 and ananti-rotation head 24 having an, in this case, square cross section, theedges 240 of which project slightly beyond the nominal diameter D of the bolt, or of the hole drilled in the concrete, to a sufficient extent to prevent rotation of the counter-dowel about theaxis 5 as a result of the torque C by means of friction. - The
counter-dowel 20 is screwed by means of itssecond screwing end 22 into a tappedbore 19 having anaxis 5 provided in thescrewing end 12 of thedowel 10. - When the
counter-dowel 20 is screwed into thedowel 10 in such a manner that thelugs 17 are flush with thecone 23, thebore 19 still allows theend 22 to be screwed over a length H greater than a certain length h which will be determined hereinafter, and thebolt 1 is ready for use. - Referring to
FIGS. 3 to 5 , thetool 2 for fixing thebolt 1, having a generally cylindrical shape and anaxis 5′, is designed to rotate thedowel 10 about itsaxis 5 by means of itspin 14 when thebolt 1 is introduced into the hole drilled in the concrete. - To this end, it comprises a
cylindrical drive sleeve 35 having a length e2 designed, as will be seen in the cross section ofFIG. 5 , to follow the contours of theflats 140 of thepin 14 at islower end 36 when theaxes head 13 of thebolt 1. - This
drive sleeve 35 plays freely in translation along theaxis 5′ guided between two end limits by astop guide 31. These limits are determined by theupper face 37 of thelower end 34 of thestop guide 31, having a length el and across section 33 reduced to such an extent that it will not allow for the passage of thesleeve 35, and the upper limit resulting from thelimit compression 1 of aspring 38. - The
spring 38 is compressed between thesleeve 35 and thelower face 41 of aplug 50 closing the cylindrical free space containing it. When the maximum axial length of thespring 38 has been reached, thelower end 36 of thesleeve 35 is in contact with theupper face 37 of thelower end 34 of thestop guide 31 and these two faces are then at a distance from thelower face 41 of theplug 50 by a length L. - The
spring 38 allows thelower end 36 to be applied constantly to thehead 13, thereby holding thepin 14 in the interior of this end. - A
spindle 39 having a length b rigidly connected to theplug 50 and having the same cross section as thepin 14 extends the plug until it penetrates into thesleeve 35 and allows it to be driven in rotation when theplug 50 is itself driven in rotation. - To this end, the
plug 50 is rigidly connected to ahexagon head 32 by means of which thetool 2 can be rotated, being held by theexternal sleeve 30 without affecting its rotation about theaxis 5′. - The use of the
tool 2 and the operation of thebolt 1 will now be described with reference toFIG. 6 . - When a
shoe 61 of theguard rail 60 having a thickness E1 and comprising twoholes 62′ and 62″ having a diameter D1 compatible with the nominal diameter D is to be fastened to thesurface 101 of aconcrete slab 100, in a drilling phase, theshoe 61 is placed in position andholes 103′ and 103″ having a diameter D2 corresponding to the diameter D are drilled in the slab, through the latter. - There is no need for the drilling length to be precise. It simply has to be larger than the driving depth of the bolt.
- As the
counter-dowel 20 has been screwed into thedowel 10 until thelugs 17 lightly touch thecone 23, in a driving phase, thebolt 1′ ready for use is forced into thehole 62′ to the desired depth, in this case in such a manner that the threaded part of thehead 13 projects from theshoe 61 by a desired height E2 generally equal to the sum of the thicknesses of a fastening nut and a washer (not shown) increased by the length h. InFIG. 6 , thebolt 1′ is shown in this position and in this state. - The
anti-rotation head 24 of thecounter-dowel 20 holds thebolt 1′ at this depth. - The
axis 5′ of thetool 2′ and theaxis 5 of the bolt are made to coincide so that thepin 14 engages in thelower end 36 of thesleeve 35 returned by thespring 38 to thepin 14 and the tool is pressed in order to bring thelower face 33 of thestop guide 31 to bear against theupper face 63 of theshoe 61. - Then, during a dynamic tightening phase, the undercut is formed by the
teeth 170 of thelugs 17 by rotating thehead 32 by means of an alien key. - In so doing, the
plug 50, thespindle 39 rigidly connected thereto, thesleeve 35 and thepin 14 are rotated by virtue of the shape of the cross section of the contact surfaces between the sleeve, the spindle and the pin, thedowel 10 being screwed on to thecounter-dowel 20 and held fixed in rotation and translation by theanti-rotation head 24. - When it is driven in, the
dowel 10 drives thelugs 17, which are expanded by thecone 23 to a predetermined depth h and thus form the undercut in thehole 103′. The tightening torque due to the screwing gradually increases to the value C required to obtain fracture of thegroove 15. The undercut is produced. InFIG. 6 , thebolt 1″ is shown in this position and in this state. - Upon the fracture of the
groove 15, the torsional stresses are relieved and thering 16 locked by the undercut locks thedowel 10 with respect to its depth, the dowel then drawing thecounter-dowel 20, and with it thecone 23, towards it from that point on. - After the anchoring operation and during a static tightening phase, the fastening nut is screwed on to the threaded
head 13 of the bolt in order to mount the guard rail by firmly fastening theshoe 61. In the event of overload, abnormal tensile forces may result in additional expansion of thelugs 17 and thedowel 10 can then be drawn very slightly towards the exterior of the hole. - During this tightening phase, the
bolt 1′ thus remains driven in to the desired depth corresponding to the bolt projecting above thesurface 101 of the concrete by a height E1+E2. - The
tool 2 is dimensioned to facilitate and ensure the observance of this height so that the fastening nut is screwed fully on to the threadedhead 13, without the latter extending beyond it. - In particular, irrespective of the thickness E1 of the
shoe 61, the following must apply: -
e1+h<E2<e1+L−1. - The height h can be determined precisely as a function of the torque C. It depends on the properties of the concrete. The following must therefore apply:
-
L−1>h, - thereby ensuring an optimum dynamic tightening phase.
- The
tool 2 moreover makes it possible to control the depth to which the bolt is driven into thehole 103. To this end, the following must apply: -
e2+1−b=t, - and
-
e2+e1+L−b=E2+t−h. - Firstly, the length e2 of the
sleeve 35 must be equal to the length b of the spindle increased by the length t of thepin 14, but reduced by theminimum length 1 of thecompressed spring 38. - Secondly, the length e1 of the reduced section of the
lower end 34 of thestop guide 31 is a function of the desired projection of the bolt above thesurface 63 of theshoe 61, E2−h, i.e. the thickness of the fastening nut. - If these conditions are satisfied, the
bolt 1 can be driven through the shoe into thehole 103′ or 103″ in theslab 100 by hammering thehexagon head 32 of thetool 2 in place on the bolt until thetool 2 comes to bear via itslower face 33 against theupper face 63 of the shoe. - By using the
tool 2 in this manner, the desired driving depth of the bolt, or the projection thereof from the shoe, is obtained in a very precise manner. - The advantage of this method resides in the fact that it comprises, after the drilling of the slab, a first phase consisting in driving the bolt in to a depth closely dependent on the desired driving depth, during which no undercut is formed, thereby preventing prestressing of the concrete before anchoring, then a second dynamic tightening phase, the dowel always being driven in while the counter-dowel is static, thereby resulting in the formation of the undercut, and finally a third static tightening phase, continuing the expansion of the bolt, with only the counter-dowel moving, drawn by the dowel.
Claims (9)
1. Method of fastening a guard rail to a concrete slab by means of a self-expanding and self-undercutting bolt comprising a dowel having expanding lugs and an expansion core, the method comprising a phase consisting in drilling a hole in the slab, a phase consisting in driving the bolt in to a desired depth independent of the depth of the hole, a dynamic tightening phase resulting in the formation of the undercut and a static tightening phase of the guard rail.
2. Method according to claim 1 , in which the dynamic tightening is carried out by relative screwing of the dowel and the expansion core to a given depth.
3. Method according to claim 2 , in which the dowel is screwed on to the expansion core until the fracture of incipient fracture means.
4. Self-expanding and self-undercutting guard rail bolt for carrying out the method of claim 1 , comprising a dowel and a counter-dowel screwed together by means of their screwing ends, the dowel comprising at its fastening end a guard rail fastening head designed to be driven in rotation and rigidly connected at its screwing end by means of incipient fracture means to a ring provided with expansion lugs, the counter-dowel comprising at its other expansion end an expansion cone and anti-rotation means, the expansion lugs comprising means for forming an undercut.
5. Tool for fastening a guard rail bolt, comprising means for driving it in rotation and complementary means for controlling the driving depth of the bolt.
6. Tool according to claim 5 , provided with a spindle fixed in rotation with a cylindrical drive sleeve designed to drive the bolt in rotation.
7. Tool according to claim 6 , in which the sleeve is guided in translation by a stop guide and is returned by the action of a spring to a pin for driving the bolt in rotation.
8. Tool according to claim 7 , in which the length of the sleeve is equal to the length of the spindle increased by the length t of the pin, but reduced by the minimum length of the spring.
9. Tool according to claim 7 , in which the length of the lower end of the stop guide is a function of the thickness of the fastening nut.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/215,694 US20120090155A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2011-08-23 | Method of fastening a guard rail by means of a guard rail bolt, the guard rail bolt and the tool for fastening the guard rail bolt |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0403675A FR2868816B1 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2004-04-08 | METHOD FOR FASTENING A GUARD BY A BODY-KEEPING ANKLE, ANCHORING ANKLE AND ANTI-BODY ANCHORING TOOL |
FR0403675 | 2004-04-08 | ||
US10/599,759 US8002506B2 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | Method of fastening a guard rail by means of a guard rail bolt, the guard rail bolt and the tool for fastening the guard rail bolt |
PCT/IB2005/000898 WO2005098244A2 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | Method of fastening a guard rail by means of a guard rail bolt, the guard rail bolt and the tool for fastening the guard rail bolt |
US13/215,694 US20120090155A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2011-08-23 | Method of fastening a guard rail by means of a guard rail bolt, the guard rail bolt and the tool for fastening the guard rail bolt |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/599,759 Continuation US7634236B2 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2006-11-15 | Controlled signal-to-noise ratio generator circuit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20120090155A1 true US20120090155A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
Family
ID=34945847
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/599,759 Expired - Fee Related US8002506B2 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | Method of fastening a guard rail by means of a guard rail bolt, the guard rail bolt and the tool for fastening the guard rail bolt |
US13/215,694 Abandoned US20120090155A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2011-08-23 | Method of fastening a guard rail by means of a guard rail bolt, the guard rail bolt and the tool for fastening the guard rail bolt |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/599,759 Expired - Fee Related US8002506B2 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2005-04-06 | Method of fastening a guard rail by means of a guard rail bolt, the guard rail bolt and the tool for fastening the guard rail bolt |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8002506B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1738083B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2007532834A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005229776B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2562264C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2868816B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA06011698A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ549785A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005098244A2 (en) |
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DE102007007663A1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-08-14 | Zimmer, Günther | Sleeve for cover plate clamping and bore spread |
US8444355B2 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2013-05-21 | Black & Decker Inc. | Anchor stud and method of forming an anchor stud |
EP2365155A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-14 | Bernhard Feigl | Device for attaching a balustrade railing |
EP2689867A1 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-29 | GESIPA Blindniettechnik GmbH | Connection element and setting device for a connection element |
US9581185B2 (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2017-02-28 | Precision Tower Products, Llc | Blind fastener |
US10024075B2 (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2018-07-17 | Newpark Mats & Integrated Services Llc | Apparatus, system and methods for supporting one or more upright items from a support surface |
USD804940S1 (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-12-12 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Helical sleeve of an anchor |
US20190211861A1 (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2019-07-11 | Sheng Yang International Technology Co., Ltd. | Screw Apparatus |
CN108916188A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-11-30 | 无锡安士达五金有限公司 | Screw rivet |
US11732740B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2023-08-22 | Sky Climber Fasteners LLC | Blind fastener |
CN113605715B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-12-09 | 江苏富源广建设发展有限公司 | Auxiliary positioner for foundation bolt installation |
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-
2004
- 2004-04-08 FR FR0403675A patent/FR2868816B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-04-06 US US10/599,759 patent/US8002506B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-06 JP JP2007506860A patent/JP2007532834A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-06 AU AU2005229776A patent/AU2005229776B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-04-06 MX MXPA06011698A patent/MXPA06011698A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-04-06 NZ NZ549785A patent/NZ549785A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-04-06 CA CA002562264A patent/CA2562264C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-06 WO PCT/IB2005/000898 patent/WO2005098244A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-04-06 EP EP05718369.1A patent/EP1738083B1/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-08-23 US US13/215,694 patent/US20120090155A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-10-26 JP JP2012237104A patent/JP5633942B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2562264C (en) | 2009-06-30 |
CA2562264A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
FR2868816B1 (en) | 2008-05-09 |
EP1738083B1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
EP1738083A2 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
WO2005098244A3 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
WO2005098244A2 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
AU2005229776B2 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
US20070209816A1 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
JP2007532834A (en) | 2007-11-15 |
NZ549785A (en) | 2010-10-29 |
JP2013047457A (en) | 2013-03-07 |
AU2005229776A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
MXPA06011698A (en) | 2007-03-15 |
FR2868816A1 (en) | 2005-10-14 |
JP5633942B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
US8002506B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |