US20110303134A1 - Method and apparatus for treating solid wastes - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for treating solid wastes Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110303134A1
US20110303134A1 US13/138,436 US201013138436A US2011303134A1 US 20110303134 A1 US20110303134 A1 US 20110303134A1 US 201013138436 A US201013138436 A US 201013138436A US 2011303134 A1 US2011303134 A1 US 2011303134A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
burning
chamber
gas
gases
steam
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US13/138,436
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English (en)
Inventor
Ivan A. Lim
Roderick Sison Dayot
Rodolfo Akol Dayot
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US20110303134A1 publication Critical patent/US20110303134A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/12—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of plastics, e.g. rubber
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/28—Plastics or rubber like materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to waste management and more particularly to a method and apparatus for treating solid wastes.
  • Organic wastes such as plastics, wood, paper, cellulose, etc.
  • Plastic materials and other organic waste have different heating value, which react differently when burned such that exhaust gases discharged from these refuse incinerators contains minor components, such as smoke dust, hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, Sox, NOx, heavy metals including mercury or dioxin and furan, which are considered harmful. From the standpoint of environmental protection, it is necessary to remove these harmful substances.
  • plastics should therefore have to be reduced in gas form to achieved complete combustion along with the other gases generated by the other organic waste. This will ensure reduction to safety level the toxic gases coming from the exhaust of the incinerator.
  • Burning of these organic wastes requires high temperature, preferably more than 1000 degree Celsius, to facilitate combustion and elimination of toxic gases generated by such organic wastes.
  • high temperature preferably more than 1000 degree Celsius
  • such temperature cannot be attained since it will require tremendous amount of fuel, thus rendering it to be too costly to do.
  • incinerator of the prior art is the conventional refuse incinerator facility wherein a boiler and auxiliary burner is used.
  • the refuse is directly burned in order to raise the temperature of the incinerator and the temperature of boiler water in the boiler.
  • the common practice is to discharge this combustion gas by way of a by-pass duct and stack.
  • dust containing hazardous substances such as dioxins
  • Another example is an exhaust gas treating apparatus wherein the refuse is incinerated in the incinerator and then completely combusted by secondary air in a secondary combustion chamber. Ash is then discharged to the atmosphere while the exhaust gas generated as a result of the combustion of refuse in the secondary combustion chamber is subjected to heat recovery by waste heat boiler and waste heat reclaimer (pre-heater) as it flows towards a quenching reaction tower.
  • waste heat boiler and waste heat reclaimer pre-heater
  • the exhaust gas is sprayed with slaked lime slurry so that hydrogen chloride (HCL) and sulfur oxide (SOx) are removed.
  • HCL hydrogen chloride
  • SOx sulfur oxide
  • Smoke dust, fly ash, HCL. Sox, heavy metals and dioxins, which remains in the exhaust gas, are then removed in a bag filter.
  • the exhaust gas after treatment is then discharge to the atmosphere.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for treating solid wastes which can remedy the above drawbacks of the prior arts.
  • Another object is to provide an apparatus and method for treating solid wastes wherein the treatment includes subjecting the toxic gases generated by biodegradable waste, such as plastic, wood, paper, cellulose, etc., to high temperature and pyrolysis process to facilitate combustion of toxic gases.
  • biodegradable waste such as plastic, wood, paper, cellulose, etc.
  • Pyrolysis is the process of heating fuels and other combustible elements without oxidation, this means that the thermally treated solid waste are reduced into fuel and change its phase into a gaseous form without the presence of air and oxygen.
  • the gas product from a pyrolysis process is called synthesis gas which can be used as fuel.
  • the present method and apparatus further provides separating means wherein heavy gases are separated from the lighter and clean gas such that the lighter gas is safely release in the atmosphere while heavy toxic gases are diverted and recombusted.
  • Still another object is to provide a method and apparatus for treating solid wastes which can provide heating temperature of more than 1000 degree Celsius for combusting gases.
  • Yet another object is to provide a method and apparatus for treating solid wastes wherein environmentally compatible catalyst, such as pyrolytic steam injection process, is used in combination with gasification system assisted with water for high temperature burning with clean emission. Cleaner emission, since it only uses water and steam and no chemicals are used in the process.
  • environmentally compatible catalyst such as pyrolytic steam injection process
  • a further object is to provide an apparatus for treating solid wastes which is very easy to operate and can be used in municipalities and barangays for their solid waste management.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional presentation of the burning means of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a right side sectional view showing the burning means attached to the gas separating means of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a rear view of the present apparatus
  • FIG. 4 is a left side sectional view of the same.
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of the present apparatus
  • Burning means 11 includes an organic burning chamber 13 and pressurized pyrolysis chamber 14 .
  • Organic burning chamber 13 is being made such that it is capable of burning organic wastes, such as wood, paper, cellulose and other biodegradable wastes and pressurized pyrolysis chamber 14 is capable of containing and burning thereof solid or compacted plastic wastes.
  • a heat exchanger 15 provided within the organic burning chamber 13 and disposed above a grate member 16 provided thereof.
  • Heat exchanging means 15 having one end in communication with a water source, such as tank 16 , and the other end to a pressurized steam storage means, such as tank 17 .
  • a steam gas line 18 in communication with said steam tank 17 being arranged such that it is capable of spraying steam within the organic burning chamber and below the grate member.
  • a pyrolysis gas line 18 in communication with the pyrolysis chamber 14 being arranged such that it is capable of introducing gas within the organic burning chamber 13 .
  • Said gas treating means includes a secondary treatment chamber 19 in communication with the burning chamber 13 , wherein high temperature gas products of combustion coming from the burning chamber are treated and mixed with cold steam, thereby preventing the formation of dioxin and furan.
  • Said gas separating means 12 is a cyclonic separator 20 in communication with the secondary treatment chamber 19 , wherein the treated gases coming from the secondary treatment chamber are allowed to flow through an induced draft fan 21 provided thereof.
  • Said cyclonic separator 20 is being made such that it is capable of providing cyclonic swirling motion to the gases in which heavy gases (toxic and unburned gases) and particulates are separated from lighter and clean gases. The heavy gases are allowed to flow back in the burning chamber for further burning while the light gases are discharged in the atmosphere.
  • Cyclonic separator 20 is preferably a hollow chamber in communication with the secondary treatment chamber and burning chamber 13 through suitable duct means.
  • a stack 22 provided in said hollow chamber wherein light gases are capable of discharging in the atmosphere and a gas guide means 23 disposed therein.
  • Said guide means 23 being made in a manner wherein it is capable of allowing the gases from the secondary treatment chamber to move in a cyclonic swirling motion, thereby allowing the lighter gases to move upwardly towards the stack 22 and the heavier gases to move sidewardly towards the recycle duct D. From the recycle duct the heavy gases then flows back to the burning chamber for further heating.
  • the process of reducing municipal solid waste using thermal reduction through the use of combined action of plastic pyrolysis and biomass-steam gasification is designed to burn efficiently and emits a cleaner and environmentally friendly product of combustion.
  • the thermal waste processor is a type of waste reduction that burns and reduces waste in the organic burning chamber and pyrolysis chamber.
  • the solid waste is segregated wherein plastic waste is contained in the pyrolysis chamber and the biomass waste is contained in the burning chamber.
  • Biomass waste is then burned by suitable fuel as a start up until it reaches self-sustaining heat through continuous feeding of biomass waste.
  • the pyrolysis chamber also heats up resulting in the plastic material therein to be burned and turned into synthesis gases which is highly combustible.
  • the pyrolysis chamber is separated from the combustion chamber 13 so that toxic gas formation will be eliminated.
  • Organic and plastic waste has different heating value which reacts differently when burned such that plastic waste should be totally converted into gas form such that it can be utilized as fuel in combination with organic biomass fuel.
  • the heat exchanging means in the burning chamber turns the water flowing thereof into steam which is subsequently is introduced in the burning chamber together with the synthesis gas from the pyrolysis chamber.
  • the introduction of synthesis gas and steam in combination with the burning fuel increases the temperature in the burning chamber of up to a high temperature of 1,000 to 1,500 degree Celsius and changes the flame into plasma.
  • the product of combustion which is high temperature gases, is allowed to flow in the secondary treatment chamber 19 wherein it is treated with cold steam to reduce its temperature and prevent the formation of dioxin and furan (toxic gas that comes from chlorine-based pilate).
  • the treated gases is then allowed to flow in the cyclonic separator 20 where it is subjected to a swirling cyclonic motion to create a centrifugal force build up which causes the heavy gases and particulates to separate with lighter gases.
  • the tendency of the lighter gases or clean gases is to move upwardly such that it is discharged to the atmosphere, whereby the heavy gases and particulates flows to the side of the separator where it is drawn back to the combustion chamber for further burning.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
US13/138,436 2009-05-27 2010-03-10 Method and apparatus for treating solid wastes Abandoned US20110303134A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PH12009000162 2009-05-27
PH12009000162 2009-05-27
PCT/PH2010/000005 WO2010138005A2 (en) 2009-05-27 2010-03-10 Method and apparatus for treating solid waste

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20110303134A1 true US20110303134A1 (en) 2011-12-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/138,436 Abandoned US20110303134A1 (en) 2009-05-27 2010-03-10 Method and apparatus for treating solid wastes

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20110303134A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102317687A (zh)
WO (1) WO2010138005A2 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10591159B2 (en) * 2016-04-19 2020-03-17 Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. Method for generating or recovering materials through smoldering combustion
CN113048480A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2021-06-29 四川伟程环保技术开发有限公司 一种高海拔低氧地区垃圾无害化处理方法
US20220205634A1 (en) * 2020-12-25 2022-06-30 Shih-Yuan KE Waste treatment incinerator and treatment equipment including the same

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102878564B (zh) * 2012-09-13 2015-05-06 闫桂林 反烧式湿燃烧炉
CN105694986A (zh) * 2016-04-06 2016-06-22 杭州燃油锅炉有限公司 一种生物质气化装置
CN108405564B (zh) * 2018-03-20 2021-07-27 常州市第二人民医院 封闭式医疗废物无害化处理装置
CN110404926B (zh) * 2019-07-05 2024-04-12 上海齐耀热能工程有限公司 一种等离子体处理有机废弃物***

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3853498A (en) * 1972-06-28 1974-12-10 R Bailie Production of high energy fuel gas from municipal wastes
US4285282A (en) * 1977-12-22 1981-08-25 Russell E. Stadt Rubbish and refuse incinerator
US4461223A (en) * 1980-10-27 1984-07-24 Hiroyashi Iizuka Method and an apparatus for producing moisturized hot air
US20040025763A1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2004-02-12 Masamoto Kaneko Method for incenaration disposal of waste
US20070272131A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2007-11-29 Pierre Carabin Two-Stage Plasma Process For Converting Waste Into Fuel Gas And Apparatus Therefor

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62169906A (ja) * 1985-12-18 1987-07-27 ワ−ムサ−・エンジニアリング・インコ−ポレ−テツド 燃焼装置と燃焼方法
US6637206B2 (en) * 2002-01-18 2003-10-28 Lavoy M. Thiessen Jr. Method and apparatus for combined steam boiler/combuster and gasifier
WO2007024687A2 (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-01 Edmondson Jerry M Pyrolytic resource recovery system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3853498A (en) * 1972-06-28 1974-12-10 R Bailie Production of high energy fuel gas from municipal wastes
US4285282A (en) * 1977-12-22 1981-08-25 Russell E. Stadt Rubbish and refuse incinerator
US4461223A (en) * 1980-10-27 1984-07-24 Hiroyashi Iizuka Method and an apparatus for producing moisturized hot air
US20040025763A1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2004-02-12 Masamoto Kaneko Method for incenaration disposal of waste
US20070272131A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2007-11-29 Pierre Carabin Two-Stage Plasma Process For Converting Waste Into Fuel Gas And Apparatus Therefor

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10591159B2 (en) * 2016-04-19 2020-03-17 Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. Method for generating or recovering materials through smoldering combustion
CN113048480A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2021-06-29 四川伟程环保技术开发有限公司 一种高海拔低氧地区垃圾无害化处理方法
US20220205634A1 (en) * 2020-12-25 2022-06-30 Shih-Yuan KE Waste treatment incinerator and treatment equipment including the same
US11624503B2 (en) * 2020-12-25 2023-04-11 Shih-Yuan KE Waste treatment incinerator and treatment equipment including the same

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Publication number Publication date
WO2010138005A2 (en) 2010-12-02
CN102317687A (zh) 2012-01-11
WO2010138005A3 (en) 2011-05-26

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