Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D213/73—Unsubstituted amino or imino radicals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/08—Bridged systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new 5-alkynyl-pyridines of general formula (1)
• a number of protein kinases have already proved to be suitable target molecules for therapeutic intervention in a variety of indications, e.g. cancer and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Since a high percentage of the genes involved in the development of cancer which have been identified thus far encode kinases, these enzymes are attractive target molecules for the therapy of cancer in particular.
• Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases are a subfamily of the lipid kinases which catalyse the transfer of a phosphate group to the 3′-position of the inositol ring of phosphoinositides.
• the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is activated in a broad spectrum of human cancers. This may occur either via mutation of PI3K resulting in activation of the kinase, or indirectly via inactivation of the phosphotase and tensin homologue (PTEN) suppressor. In both cases, an activation of the signalling cascade is induced that promotes transformation of cells both in vitro and in vivo.
• the PI3K family of enzymes and the kinase mTOR play a pivotal role.
• the PI3K family comprises 15 lipid kinases with distinct substrate specificities, expression pattern and modes of regulation. They play an important role in numerous cell processes such as e.g.
• mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin
• mTORC1 and mTORC2 which are differentially regulated, have distinct substrate specificities, and are differentially sensitive to rapamycin.
• mTOR The central role of mTOR in controlling key cellular growth and survival pathways has sparked interest in discovering mTOR inhibitors that bind to the ATP site and therefore target both mTORC2 and mTORC1.
• inhibition of the PI3K pathway particularly mediated via PI3K ⁇ and mTOR, has emerged as an attractive target for cancer therapeutics.
• play an important role in numerous cell processes such as e.g. cell growth and differentiation processes, the control of cytoskeletal changes and the regulation of intracellular transport processes.
• the PI3-kinases can be divided into different categories.
• 5-Alkynyl-pyrimidines are described for example as protein kinases inhibiting compounds in WO2006044823.
• compounds of general formula (1) wherein the groups R 1 to R 4 , m and n have the meanings given below, act as inhibitors of kinases.
• the compounds according to the invention may be used for example for the treatment of diseases connected with the activity of kinases and characterised by excessive or abnormal cell proliferation.
• the present invention relates to compounds of general formula (1)
• R 1 and R 4 independently from one another denotes a group selected from among R a , R b and R a substituted by one or more identical or different R b and/or R c ; or
• one R 1 together with the pyridine form a 9-10 membered heteroaryl ring, which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different R b and/or R c ;
• R 2 and R 3 independently from one another denotes a group selected from among C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, C 6-10 aryl and 5-12 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more identical or different R 5 and
• each R 5 denotes a group selected from among R a , R b and R a substituted by one or more identical or different R b and/or R c ;
• each R a independently of one another denotes a group optionally substituted by one or more identical or different R b and/or R c , selected from among C 1-6 alkyl, 2-6 membered heteroalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 7-16 arylalkyl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl, 6-18 membered heteroarylalkyl, 3-14 membered heterocycloalkyl and 4-14 membered heterocycloalkylalkyl,
• each R b denotes a suitable group and is selected independently of one another from among ⁇ O, —OR c , C 1-3 haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ⁇ S, —SR c , ⁇ NR c , ⁇ NOR c , ⁇ NNR c R c , ⁇ NN(R g )C(O)NR c R c , —NR c R c , —ONR c R c , —N(OR c )R c , —N(R g )NR c R c , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ⁇ N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R c , —S(O)OR c , —S(O) 2 R c , —S(O) 2 OR c ,
• each R c independently of one another denotes hydrogen or a group optionally substituted by one or more identical or different R d and/or R e , selected from among C 1-6 alkyl, 2-6 membered heteroalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 7-16 arylalkyl, 5-12 membered hetero-aryl, 6-18 membered heteroarylalkyl, 3-14 membered heterocycloalkyl and 4-14 membered heterocycloalkylalkyl, and
• each R d denotes a suitable group and is selected independently of one another from among ⁇ O, —OR e , C 1-3 haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ⁇ S, —SR e , ⁇ NR e , ⁇ NOR e , ⁇ NNR e R e , ⁇ NN(R g )C(O)NR e R e , —NR e R e , —ONR e R e , —N(R g )NR e R e , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ⁇ N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R e , —S(O)OR e , —S(O) 2 R e , —S(O) 2 OR e , —S(O)NR e R e ,
• each R e independently of one another denotes hydrogen or a group optionally substituted by one or more identical or different R f and/or R g , selected from among C 1-6 alkyl, 2-6 membered heteroalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 7-16 arylalkyl, 5-12 membered hetero-aryl, 6-18 membered heteroarylalkyl, 3-14 membered heterocycloalkyl and 4-14 membered heterocycloalkylalkyl, and
• each R f denotes a suitable group and in each case is selected independently of one another from among ⁇ O, —OR g , C 1-3 haloalkyloxy, —OCF 3 , ⁇ S, —SR g , ⁇ NR g , ⁇ NOR g , ⁇ NNR g R g , ⁇ NN(R h )C(O)NR g R g , —NR g R g , —ONR g R g , —N(R h )NR g R g , halogen, —CF 3 , —CN, —NC, —OCN, —SCN, —NO, —NO 2 , ⁇ N 2 , —N 3 , —S(O)R g , —S(O)OR g , —S(O) 2 R g , —S(O) 2 OR g , —S(O)NR g R
• each R g independently of one another denotes hydrogen or a group optionally substituted by one or more identical or different R h , selected from among C 1-6 alkyl, 2-6 membered heteroalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 7-16 arylalkyl, 5-12 membered hetero-aryl, 6-18 membered heteroarylalkyl, 3-14 membered heterocycloalkyl and 4-14 membered heterocycloalkylalkyl; and
• each R h is selected independently of one another from among hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, 2-6 membered heteroalkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 4-16 cycloalkylalkyl, C 6-10 aryl, C 7-16 arylalkyl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl, 6-18 membered heteroarylalkyl, 3-14 membered heterocycloalkyl and 4-14 membered heterocycloalkylalkyl; and
• n 0, 1 or 2;
• n denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3;
• the prodrugs optionally in the form of the prodrugs, the tautomers, the racemates, the enantiomers, the diastereomers, the prodrugs and the mixtures thereof, and optionally the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.
• R 3 denotes C 6-10 aryl or 5-12 membered Heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more identical or different R 5 .
• Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula (1), wherein R 3 denotes phenyl, optionally substituted by one or more identical or different R 5 .
• Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula (1), wherein R 3 denotes pyridyl, optionally substituted by one or more identical or different R 5 .
• Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula (1), wherein R 3 denotes pyrazolyl, optionally substituted by one or more identical or different R 5 .
• Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula (1), wherein R 2 denotes methyl or ethyl.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula (1), wherein n denotes 1 or 2.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula (1), wherein R 1 denotes methyl, ethyl or —NR c R c .
• R 1 is selected from —NH 2 , —NH—CH 3 and —N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R a is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and cyclopropyl.
• R b is selected from —F, —Cl, —CH 3 , —OCH 3 , —CF 3 , —C(O)—R c , —C(O)NR c R c , —C(O)OH, —C(O)OCH 3 , —C(O)—NH 2 , —C(O)—NHCH 3 , —C(O)—N(CH 3 ) 2 , —S(O) 2 CH 3 , -2-propyl-R c .
• R c is selected from —H, —CN, -methyl, -ethyl, —(CH 2 ) 2 —OCH 3 , piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl and morpholinyl.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula (1), wherein R 3 is phenyl substituted with one or more R 5 , wherein at least one of R 5 is —C(O)R C and wherein R c is
• R d is selected from —H, -methyl, -ethyl, -propyl, —OH, —OCH 3 , and —C(O)CH 3 .
• R e is selected from -cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, oxiranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and morpholinyl.
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of:
• One aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula (1), or the pharmacologically effective salts thereof, as medicaments.
• One aspect of the invention relates to compounds of general formula (1), or the pharmacologically effective salts thereof, for preparing a medicament with an antiproliferative activity.
• One aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical preparations, containing as active substance one or more compounds of general formula (1), or the pharmacologically effective salts thereof, optionally in combination with conventional excipients and/or carriers.
• One aspect of the invention is the use of compounds of general formula (1) for preparing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer, infections, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
• One aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical preparation comprising a compound of general formula (1) and at least one other cytostatic or cytotoxic active substance, different from formula (1), optionally in the form of the tautomers, the racemates, the enantiomers, the diastereomers and the mixtures thereof, as well as optionally the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.
• alkyl substituents are meant in each case saturated, unsaturated, straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon groups (alkyl group) and this includes both saturated alkyl groups and unsaturated alkenyl and alkynyl groups.
• Alkenyl substituents are in each case straight-chain or branched, unsaturated alkyl groups, which have at least one double bond.
• alkynyl substituents are meant in each case straight-chain or branched, unsaturated alkyl groups, which have at least one triple bond.
• heteroalkyl refers to groups which can be derived from alkyl as defined above in its broadest sense by replacing one or more of the groups —CH 3 in the hydrocarbon chains independently of one another by the groups —OH, —SH or —NH 2 , one or more of the groups —CH 2 — independently of one another by the groups —O—, —S— or —NH—, one or more of the groups
• heteroalkyl is made up of the sub-groups of saturated hydrocarbon chains with hetero-atom(s), heteroalkenyl and heteroalkynyl, while further subdivision into straight-chain (unbranched) and branched may be carried out. If a heteroalkyl is supposed to be substituted, the substitution may take place independently of one another, in each case mono- or polysubstituted, at all the hydrogen-carrying oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and/or carbon atoms. Heteroalkyl itself may be linked to the molecule as substituent both through a carbon atom and through a heteroatom.
• dimethylaminomethyl dimethylaminoethyl (1-dimethylaminoethyl; 2-dimethylaminoethyl); dimethylaminopropyl (1-dimethylaminopropyl, 2-dimethylaminopropyl, 3-dimethylaminopropyl); diethylaminomethyl; diethylaminoethyl (1-diethylaminoethyl, 2-diethylaminoethyl); diethylaminopropyl (1-diethylaminopropyl, 2-diethylamino-propyl, 3-diethylaminopropyl); diisopropylaminoethyl (1-diisopropylaminoethyl, 2-diisopropylaminoethyl); bis-2-methoxyethylamino; [2-(dimethylamino-ethyl)-e
• Haloalkyl relates to alkyl groups, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.
• Haloalkyl includes both saturated alkyl groups and unsaturated alkenyl and alkynyl groups, such as for example —CF 3 , —CHF 2 , —CH 2 F, —CF 2 CF 3 , —CHFCF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 3 , —CHFCH 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CF ⁇ CF 2 , —CCl ⁇ CH 2 , —CBr ⁇ CH 2 , —CI ⁇ CH 2 , —C ⁇ C—CF 3 , —CHFCH 2 CH 3 and —CHFCH 2 CF 3 .
• Halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine atoms.
• cycloalkyl is meant a mono or bicyclic ring, while the ring system may be a saturated ring or, however, an unsaturated, non-aromatic ring, which may optionally also contain double bonds, such as for example cyclopropyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, norbornyl and norbornenyl.
• Cycloalkylalkyl includes a non-cyclic alkyl group wherein a hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom, usually to a terminal C atom, is replaced by a cycloalkyl group.
• Aryl relates to monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic rings with 6-10 carbon atoms such as phenyl and naphthyl, for example.
• Arylalkyl includes a non-cyclic alkyl group wherein a hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom, usually to a terminal C atom, is replaced by an aryl group.
• heteroaryl mono- or bicyclic aromatic rings, which instead of one or more carbon atoms contain one or more, identical or different hetero atoms, such as e.g. nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen atoms.
• heteroaryl mono- or bicyclic aromatic rings, which instead of one or more carbon atoms contain one or more, identical or different hetero atoms, such as e.g. nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen atoms.
• heteroaryl mono- or bicyclic aromatic rings, which instead of one or more carbon atoms contain one or more, identical or different hetero atoms, such as e.g. nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen atoms.
• heteroaryl include furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl,
• bicyclic heteroaryl groups are indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, indazolyl, isoquinolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl and benzotriazinyl, indolizinyl, oxazolopyridyl, imidazopyridyl, naphthyridinyl, indolinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoindolinyl, isobenzotetrahydrofuryl, isobenzotetrahydrothienyl, isobenzothienyl, benzo
• Heteroarylalkyl encompasses a non-cyclic alkyl group wherein a hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom, usually to a terminal C atom, is replaced by a heteroaryl group.
• Heterocycloalkyl relates to saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic mono-, bicyclic or bridged bicyclic rings comprising 3-12 carbon atoms, which instead of one or more carbon atoms carry heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur.
• heterocyloalkyl groups are tetrahydrofuryl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, homomorpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, homothiomorpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl-S-oxide, thiomorpholinyl-S,S-dioxide, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, homothiomorpholinyl-S,S-dioxide, oxazolidinonyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydropyrazinyl, dihydropyridyl, dihydropyrimidin
• Heterocycloalkylalkyl relates to a non-cyclic alkyl group wherein a hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom, usually to a terminal C atom, is replaced by a heterocycloalkyl group.
• the halide (1.0 eq.) is dissolved in DMF or THF and PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 (0.1 eq.) and CuI (0.1 eq.) are added. Subsequently, triethylamine (10.0 eq.) and finally the alkyne (1.5 eq.) are added and the reaction mixture is stiffed at 55-65° C. The reaction is monitored by LC-MS. If the iodide is not completed converted after 4 h, additional amounts of alkyne are added in small portions.
• TMS-alkyne (1.0 eq.) is dissovled in MeOH, K 2 CO 3 (0.5 eq.) is added in one portion and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature until conversion is complete (3-16 h).
• the solvent is removed in vaccuo, the crude product is dissolved in ethyl acetate and the organic phase is extracted with water. The organic phase is dried over MgSO 4 , filtered off and the solvent removed in vaccuo.
• the product is either used without further purification or purified by chromatography on silica gel using DCM/MeOH or (cyclo-) hexane/ethyl acetate.
• the 4-chloropyridine (1.0 eq.) is taken up in dioxane, boronic acid (2.0 eq.), K 3 PO 4 (1.2 eq.), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (0.1 eq.) and Dicyclohexyl(2′,4′,6′-thisopropylbiphenyl-2-yl)phosphane (“X-Phos”, 0.3 eq.) are added and the reaction mixture is stirred either for 3-16 h under reflux or alternatively for 60-180 min at 150° C. under microwave radiation. In case the conversion of the starting material is not complete, additional amounts of boronic acid and Pd-catalyst are added and the reaction is re-run.
• the ester is taken up in either THF or dioxane, 1.0-2.0 eq. of 1 N NaOH are added and the mixture is heated under reflux until reaction control shows complete conversion of the starting material.
• the product either precipitates from the reaction mixture (e.g. after acidification) and is used without additional purification steps or can further be purified by chromatography.
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP1 starting from 5.0 g (31 mmol) 3-trifluoro-2-amino pyridine and 6.9 g (31 mmol) NIS. Yield after precipitation from the reaction mixture: 6.78 g (76%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP2 starting from 2.0 g (11.6 mmol) 5-bromo-2-methyl-pyridine and 2.3 mL (16.3 mmol) 1-trimethylsilyl-ethyne using 68 mg (0.36 mmol) CuI, 305 mg (1.2 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 213 mg (0.30 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 18 mL (127 mmol) triethylamine in 18 mL dry THF.
• the reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate, the organic phase is extracted with water and brine.
• the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a hexane/ethyl acetate gradient. Yield: 1.5 g (68%). Note: Sublimation of the product is observed at 40° C./40 mbar.
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP2 starting from 5.0 g (28.9 mmol) 5-bromo-2-amino-pyridine and 5.7 mL (40.5 mmol) 1-trimethylsilyl-ethyne using 168 mg (0.88 mmol) CuI, 758 mg (2.9 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 533 mg (0.76 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 40 mL (288 mmol) triethylamine in 40 mL dry THF.
• the reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and small amounts of cyclohexane, the organic phase is extracted with water and brine.
• the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using hexane/ethyl acetate (10/1 v/v). Yield: 5.0 g (91%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP2 starting from 4.3 g (23.0 mmol) 5-bromo-2-methylamino-pyridine and 4.5 mL (32.2 mmol) 1-trimethylsilyl-ethyne using 134 mg (0.71 mmol) CuI, 601 mg (2.3 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 420 mg (0.60 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 32 mL (101 mmol) triethylamine in 40 mL dry THF.
• the reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and small amounts of cyclohexane, the organic phase is extracted with water and brine.
• the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a hexane/ethyl acetate gradient. Yield: 4.0 g (85%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP2 starting from 909 mg (4.5 mmol) 5-bromo-2-ethylamino-pyridine and 0.89 mL (6.3 mmol) 1-trimethylsilyl-ethyne using 26 mg (0.13 mmol) CuI, 118 mg (0.45 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 82 mg (0.12 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 6.3 mL (45.0 mmol) triethylamine in 7 mL dry THF.
• the reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and small amounts of cyclohexane, the organic phase is extracted with water and brine.
• the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a hexane/ethyl acetate gradient.
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP2 starting from 2.0 g (11.6 mmol) 5-bromo-3-hydroxy-pyridine and 2.3 mL (16.2 mmol) 1-trimethylsilyl-ethyne using 66 mg (0.3 mmol) CuI, 303 mg (1.2 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 243 mg (0.3 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 19 mL (139 mmol) triethylamine in 20 mL dry THF.
• the reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and small amounts of cyclohexane, the organic phase is extracted with water and brine.
• the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using DCM/MeOH gradient. Yield: 2.0 g (91%)
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP2 starting from 2.0 g (11.6 mmol) 5-bromo-3-amino-pyridine and 2.3 mL (16.2 mmol) 1-trimethylsilyl-ethyne using 66 mg (0.3 mmol) CuI, 303 mg (1.2 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 243 mg (0.3 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 19 mL (139 mmol) triethylamine in 20 mL dry THF.
• the reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and small amounts of cyclohexane, the organic phase is extracted with water and brine.
• the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using DCM/MeOH gradient. The product precipitated on the column and is subsequently extracted from the silica gel with pure MeOH. Yield: 2.0 g (91%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP2 starting from 1.0 g (5.1 mmol) 5-bromo-1H-pyrazolo[4,5-B]pyridine and 1.0 mL (7.1 mmol) 1-trimethylsilyl-ethyne using 29 mg (0.15 mmol) CuI, 133 mg (0.51 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 106 mg (0.15 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 8.4 mL (60.6 mmol) triethylamine in 8 mL dry THF. The formed precipitate is filtered off and the product is purified by RP-HPLC using ACN/H 2 O gradient. Yield: 542 mg (50%)
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP2 starting from 3.0 g (15.2 mmol) 5-bromo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-B]pyridine and 3.0 mL (21.3 mmol) 1-trimethylsilyl-ethyne using 87 mg (0.46 mmol) CuI, 400 mg (1.5 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 312 mg (0.46 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 25.4 mL (182 mmol) triethylamine in 25 mL dry THF. The formed precipitate is filtered off and the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a DCM/MeOH gradient. Yield: 3.05 g (94%)
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP2 starting from 1.2 g (6.1 mmol) 5-bromo-3H-imidazo[4,5-B]pyridine and 1.2 mL (8.4 mmol) 1-trimethylsilyl-ethyne using 34 mg (0.18 mmol) CuI, 159 mg (0.61 mmol) triphenylphosphine, 128 mg (0.18 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 10.1 mL (72.7 mmol) triethylamine in 10 mL dry THF. The formed precipitate is filtered off and the product is purified by RP-HPLC using a ACN/H 2 O gradient. Yield: 606 mg (46%)
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 2.2 g (11.6 mmol) 2-methyl-5-trimethylsilanylethynyl-pyridine (A4) and 802 mg (5.8 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in 13 mL MeOH.
• the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient. Since sublimation is observed at 40° C./40 mbar the product is extracted from the organic phase with 1 N HCl and isolated as the hydrochloride after lyophilization. Yield: 1.3 g (73%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 1.5 g (7.3 mmol) methyl-(5-trimethylsilanylethynyl-pyridin-2-yl)-amine (A6) and 507 mg (3.7 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in 10 mL MeOH. Yield: 698 mg (56%) after chromatography on silica gel.
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 980 mg (4.5 mmol) TMS-alkyne and 310 mg (2.3 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in 6 mL MeOH.
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 2.0 g (10.5 mmol) TMS-alkyne and 722 mg (5.2 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in 10 mL MeOH. Yield: 804 mg (49%) after chromatography on silica gel.
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 2.0 g (10.5 mmol) TMS-alkyne and 722 mg (5.2 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in 10 mL MeOH. Yield: 1.2 g (74%) after chromatography on silica gel and precipitation from dioxane/HCl.
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 542 mg (2.5 mmol) TMS-alkyne and 174 mg (1.3 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in 6 mL MeOH.
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 706 mg (3.3 mmol) TMS-alkyne and 227 mg (1.6 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in 6 mL MeOH. Yield: 491 mg (94%) after extraction.
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP1 starting from 1.0 g (4.0 mmol) 4-chloro-3-iodo-2-methyl-pyridine and 513 mg (4.3 mmol) 2-amino-5-ethynyl-pyridine using 75 mg (0.40 mmol) CuI, 276 mg (0.40 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 5.4 mL (39.5 mmol) triethylamine in 40 mL dry DMF. After completion of the reaction the solvent is removed under vacuum and the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a DCM/MeOH gradient (100:0 to 90:10). Yield: 617 mg (64%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP1 starting from 20 mg (0.08 mmol) 4-chloro-3-iodo-2-methyl-pyridine and 11 mg (0.09 mmol) (5-Ethynyl-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl-amine using 1.5 mg (0.01 mmol) CuI, 5.5 mg (0.01 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 0.11 mL (0.8 mmol) triethylamine in 1 mL dry DMF. After completion of the reaction the product is purified by RP-HPLC using a ACN/H 2 O gradient (95:5 to 70:30). Yield: 20 mg (98%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP1 starting from 1.0 g (3.7 mmol) 4-chloro-3-iodo-2-ethyl-pyridine and 485 mg (4.1 mmol) 2-amino-5-ethynyl-pyridine using 36 mg (0.40 mmol) CuI, 131 mg (0.40 mmol) PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and 5.2 mL (39.5 mmol) triethylamine in 25 mL dry DMF. After completion of the reaction the reaction mixture is added dropwise into water. The precipitate is filtered off and taken up with iPrOH. The product remains is solution while the side-product (alkyne dimer from Glaser-homo-coupling) forms a precipitate and is filtered off. The mother liquid is concentrated under vacuum. Yield: 718 mg (75%).
• A-31) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 500 mg (2.1 mmol) 5-(4-chloro-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine using 812 mg (4.1 mmol) 3-fluoro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid, 188 mg (0.21 mmol) Pd 2 (dba) 3 , 293 mg (0.62 mmol) X-Phos and 567 mg (2.5 mmol) K 3 PO 4 in 4 mL dioxane.
• the reaction mixture is stirred for 180 min at 150° C. under microwave irradiation.
• the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using an DCM/MeOH-gradient (99:1 to 90:10, 20 min) Yield: 52 mg (70%).
• A-32) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP4 starting from 300 mg (0.83 mmol) 4-[3-(6-amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester using 0.83 mL (0.83 mmoL) 1 N NaOH in 5 mL THF. The precipitate is collected by filtration and washed with THF. Yield: 280 mg (97%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 1.5 g (6.2 mmol) 5-(4-chloro-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine using 2.2 g (12.3 mmol) 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid, 281 mg (0.31 mmol) Pd 2 (dba) 3 , 440 mg (0.92 mmol) X-Phos and 1.7 g (7.4 mmol) K 3 PO 4 in 25 mL dioxane.
• the reaction mixture is stirred over night at 100° C. After cooling to RT the reaction mixture is added dropwise into water, the precipitate is filtered off. The solid is taken up in iPrOH, stirred for a few minutes, filtered off and dried under vacuum. Yield: 2.0 g (95%, residual Pd).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP4 starting from 2.0 g (5.8 mmol) 4-[3-(6-amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-4-yl]-benzoic acid methyl ester using 11.6 mL (11.6 mmoL) 1 N NaOH in 8 mL THF. After completion of the reaction the pH is adjusted to pH about 5 with 1.0 N HCl. The precipitate is collected by filtration, washed with water and dried under vacuum. The solid is taken up in iPrOH, stirred for a few minutes before the solid is isolated by filtration and dried at 40° C. under vacuum. Yield: 1.9 g (99%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 300 mg (1.2 mmol) 5-(4-chloro-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine using 527 mg (2.4 mmol) 3-chloro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid, 112 mg (0.12 mmol) Pd 2 (dba) 3 , 176 mg (0.37 mmol) X-Phos and 340 mg (1.5 mmol) K 3 PO 4 in 4 mL dioxane.
• the reaction mixture is stirred for 60 min at 140° C. under microwave irradiation.
• the solvent is removed under reduced pressure before DMF is added and the formed precipitate is filtered off.
• the product is isolated from the mother liquid by RP-HPLC chromatography using an ACN/H 2 O-gadient. Yield: 300 mg (65%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP4 starting from 460 mg (1.2 mmol) 4-[3-(6-amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester using 2.4 mL (2.4 mmoL) 1 N NaOH in 10 mL THF.
• the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using an DCM/MeOH-gradient (100:0 to 90:10, NH 3 ). Yield: 420 mg (95%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 3.2 g (12.3 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (A-30) using 3.6 g (18.4 mmol) 3-Fluoro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid, 561 mg (0.61 mmol) Pd 2 (dba) 3 , 877 mg (1.84 mmol) X-Phos, 519 mg (12.3 mmol) LiCl and 3.39 g (14.7 mmol) K 3 PO 4 in a mixture of 60 mL 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 10 mL water.
• reaction mixture is stirred for 16 h at 95° C. After completion of the reaction, the mixture is poured into water and the formed precipitate is collected by filtration. The product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using an DCM/MeOH-mixture (3% MeOH, flow 55 mL/min) Yield: 2.46 g (53%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP4 starting from 2.36 g (6.3 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester (A-37) using 9.4 mL (9.4 mmoL) 1N NaOH in 40 mL THF. The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h at 95° C. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure, the crude product is taken up with water and the pH is adjusted to 5 (with 1N HCl). The precipitate is collected by filtration. Yield after drying: 2.2 g (97%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 2.0 g (7.8 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (A-30) using 2.5 g (11.6 mmol) 3-chloro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid, 335 mg (0.39 mmol) Pd 2 (dba) 3 , 555 mg (1.2 mmol) X-Phos and 2.7 g (11.6 mmol) K 3 PO 4 in a mixture of 100 mL DME and 20 mL water. The reaction mixture is stiffed under reflux for 4 days.
• the DME is removed under reduced pressure and the aqueous is extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the organic phase is dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and the solvent removed under vacuum.
• the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using an DCM/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 0.59 g (19%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP4 starting from 1.1 g (2.8 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (A-39) using 134 mg (5.6 mmoL) LiOH in a mixture of 100 mL THF and 20 mL water. After completion of the reaction, THF is removed under reduced pressure, the aqueous solution is acidified with 1N HCl to pH ⁇ 1 before the pH is adjusted to 6 with saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 solution. The precipitated product is collected by filtration, washed with water and methanol. Yield: 760 mg (72%).
• A-41) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-methoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 1.5 g (5.0 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (A-30) using 1.6 g (7.4 mmol) 3-methoxy-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid, 135 mg (0.15 mmol) Pd 2 (dba) 3 , 354 mg (0.74 mmol) X-Phos and 2.2 g (9.4 mmol) K 3 PO 4 in 20 mL dioxane. The reaction mixture is stirred under reflux over night. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure before water is added and the formed precipitate is collected by filtration. The product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a DCM/MeOH-gradient.
• A-42) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-methoxy-benzoic acid
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP4 starting from 1.07 g (2.77 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-methoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester (A-41) using 2.4 mL (2.4 mmoL) 1N NaOH in 30 mL THF.
• the reaction mixture is stirred over night, after complete consumption of the starting material the pH is adjusted to 4 (using 1N HCl). As no precipitate is formed, the aqueous phase is extracted with DCM. However, the product precipitates upon addition of DCM and is collected by filtration. Additional product is precipitated from the mother liquid by adjustment of the pH to 6 (using 1N NaOH). Yield of the combined fractions: 990 mg (96%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 1.29 g (4.5 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-6-ethyl-pyridin-2-ylamine (A-30) using 1.34 mg (6.8 mmol) 3-Fluoro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid, 1.4 g (0.9 mmol) Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and 1.19 g (8.6 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in a mixture of 9 mL 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 2.25 mL water. The reaction mixture is stirred twice for 30 min at 130° C. under microwave irradiation. The product is precipitated by the addition of water, filtered off and purified by chromatography on silica gel using a cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient.
• A-44) 4-[3-(6-Amino-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP4 starting from 944 mg (2.34 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester (A-43) using 3.5 mL (3.5 mmoL) 1N NaOH in 25 mL THF. The reaction mixture is diluted with water and the product extracted with DCM. The organic phase is separated and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. The crude product is used without further purification. Yield: 945 mg (>100%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 770 mg (2.8 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-yl]-methyl-amine (A-30) using 841 mg (4.3 mmol) 3-Fluoro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid, 882 mg (0.57 mmol) Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and 752 mg (5.4 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in a mixture of 7.5 mL 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1.5 mL water. The reaction mixture is stirred for 30 min at 180° C. under microwave irradiation. The reaction mixture is filtered off and the product is precipitated from the solution by addition of water. After filtration, the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using an DCM/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 850 mg (77%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP4 starting from 850 mg (2.18 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester (A-45) using 3.3 mL (3.3 mmoL) 1N NaOH in 22 mL THF. The reaction mixture is stirred for 72 h at 65° C. The product is precipitated by addition of water and is collected by filtration. Yield after drying: 747 mg (91%).
• the example compounds are synthesized according to the general procedures GP3 (Suzuki coupling) or GP5-9 (formation of amides or ureas) as outlined above.
• GP3 Sudki coupling
• GP5-9 formation of amides or ureas
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 100 mg (0.39 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (A-30) using 110 mg (0.58 mmoL) 4-2(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)benzeneboronic acid 22 mg (0.02 mmol) Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and 103 mg (0.74 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in a mixture of 1.0 mL DME and 0.2 mL water. The reaction mixture is stirred twice under microwave irradiation at 130° C. for 30 min. After completion of the reaction, water is added and the precipitate is collected by filtration.
• the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a DCM/MeOH-gradient. Since the product was not obtained in sufficient purity, it was re-purified by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 30 mg (21%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 100 mg (0.39 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (A-30) using 146 mg ( ⁇ 60% purity, 0.58 mmoL) 2-ethyl-pyrid-4-yl boronic acid, 18 mg (0.02 mmol) Pd 2 (dba) 3 , 28 mg (0.06 mmol) XPhos and 107 mg (0.47 mmol) K 3 PO 4 in a mixture of 6.0 mL DME. The reaction mixture is stirred twice under microwave irradiation at 190° C. for 300 min. The reaction mixture is concentrated in vaccuo and the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a DCM/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 9 mg (7%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 100 mg (0.39 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (A-30) using 88 mg (0.58 mmoL) 2,6-dimethyl-pyrid-4-yl boronic acid, 18 mg (0.02 mmol) Pd 2 (dba) 3 , 28 mg (0.06 mmol) XPhos and 107 mg (0.47 mmol) K 3 PO 4 in a mixture of 6.0 mL DME. The reaction mixture is stirred twice under microwave irradiation at 190° C. for 300 min. The reaction mixture is concentrated in vaccuo and the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a DCM/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 17 mg (14%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 150 mg (0.58 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (A-30) using 142 mg (0.87 mmoL) 2-cyclopropyl-pyrid-5-yl boronic acid, 4.5 mg (0.03 mmol) Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and 154 mg (1.11 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in a mixture of 6.0 mL DME and 1.5 mL water. The reaction mixture is stirred twice under microwave irradiation at 150° C. for 120 min
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP3 starting from 150 mg (0.58 mmol) 5-(4-Chloro-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-2-ylamine (A-30) using 167 mg (0.87 mmoL) 2-trifluoromethyl-pyrid-5-yl boronic acid, 4.5 mg (0.03 mmol) Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and 154 mg (1.11 mmol) K 2 CO 3 in a mixture of 6.0 mL DME and 1.5 mL water. The reaction mixture is stirred twice under microwave irradiation at 150° C. for 120 min. The reaction mixture is concentrated in vaccuo and the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a DCM/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 15 mg (7%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 120 mg (0.33 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-38) using 43 mg (0.50 mmoL) morpholine, 139 mg (0.37 mmol) HATU and 96 ⁇ L DIEA in 1.2 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, DMF is removed under reduced pressure and the product is purified by chromatography on silica gel using a DCM/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 66 mg (46%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 100 mg (0.28 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-38) using 29 mg (0.33 mmoL) piperazine, 116 mg (0.30 mmol) HATU and 81 ⁇ L DIPEA in 1 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 8 mg (6%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 120 mg (0.33 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-38) using 55 ⁇ L (0.50 mmoL) N-methyl piperazine, 139 mg (0.37 mmol) HATU and 96 ⁇ L DIPEA in 1.2 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 55 mg (37%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 100 mg (0.27 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-chloro-benzoic acid (A-40) using 40 mg (0.40 mmoL) N-methyl piperazine, 102 mg (0.53 mmol) EDC, 72 mg (0.53 mmol) HOBt and 68 mg (0.53 mmol) DIPEA in 1.2 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 66 mg (54%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 100 mg (0.27 mmol) 4-[2-Ethyl-3-(6-methylamino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-46) using 50 ⁇ L (0.45 mmoL) N-methyl piperazine, 101 mg (0.27 mmol) HATU and 50 ⁇ L (0.29 mmol) DIPEA in 1.5 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 70 mg (58%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 70 mg (0.19 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4- yl]-2-methoxy-benzoic acid (A-42) using 42 ⁇ L (0.38 mmoL) N-methyl piperazine, 71 mg (0.19 mmol) HATU and 35 ⁇ L (0.21 mmol) DIPEA in 1.0 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 81 mg (95%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 100 mg (0.28 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-38) using 38 mg (0.33 mmoL) N-ethyl piperazine, 116 mg (0.30 mmol) HATU and 81 ⁇ L DIPEA in 1 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 36 mg (28%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 100 mg (0.27 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-chloro-benzoic acid (A-40) using 40 mg (0.40 mmoL) N-ethyl piperazine, 102 mg (0.53 mmol) EDC, 72 mg (0.53 mmol) HOBt and 68 mg (0.53 mmol) DIPEA in 1.2 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 67 mg (53%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 100 mg (0.28 mmol) 4-[2-Ethyl-3-(6-methylamino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-46) using 55 ⁇ L (0.33 mmoL) N-ethyl piperazine, 101 mg (0.27 mmol) HATU and 50 ⁇ L DIPEA in 1.5 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 82 mg (65%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 70 mg (0.19 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-methoxy-benzoic acid (A-42) using 42 mg (0.38 mmoL) N-ethyl piperazine, 71 mg (0.19 mmol) HATU and 35 ⁇ L (0.21 mmol) DIPEA in 1.0 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 85 mg (97%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 120 mg (0.33 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-38) using 63 mg (0.50 mmoL) N-cyclopropyl piperazine, 139 mg (0.37 mmol) HATU and 96 ⁇ L DIPEA in 1.2 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 30 mg (20%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 320 mg (0.89 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-38) using 181 mg (1.06 mmoL) 1-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl piperazine, 370 mg (0.97 mmol) HATU and 258 ⁇ L DIPEA in 3 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/MeOH-gradient. Yield: 90 mg (20%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 100 mg (0.27 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-chloro-benzoic acid (A-40) using 68 mg (0.40 mmoL) 4-piperidin-4-yl morpholine, 102 mg (0.53 mmol) EDC, 72 mg (0.53 mmol) HOBt and 68 mg (0.53 mmol) DIPEA in 1.2 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 73 mg (51%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 100 mg (0.27 mmol) 4-[2-Ethyl-3-(6-methylamino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-46) using 68 mg (0.40 mmoL) tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl piperazine, 101 mg (0.27 mmol) HATU and 50 ⁇ L DIPEA in 1.5 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 59 mg (42%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 100 mg (0.28 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-38) using 46 mg (0.36 mmoL) N-acetyl piperazine, 116 mg (0.30 mmol) HATU and 81 ⁇ L DIPEA in 1 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 69 mg (53%).
• the title compound is synthesized according to general procedure GP5 starting from 320 mg (0.89 mmol) 4-[3-(6-Amino-pyridin-3-ylethynyl)-2-ethyl-pyridin-4-yl]-2-fluoro-benzoic acid (A-38) using 95 mg (1.06 mmoL) 2-methoxy methylamine, 370 mg (0.97 mmol) HATU and 258 ⁇ L DIPEA in 3 mL DMF. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is filtered and the product is isolated from the obtained solution by RP-HPLC using a H 2 O/ACN-gradient. Yield: 130 mg (34%).
• HPLC Agilent 1100 Series MS: Agilent LC/MSD SL column: Phenomenex, Mercury Gemini C18, 3 ⁇ m, 2.0 ⁇ 20 mm, Part. No. 00M-4439-B0-CE solvent A: 5 mM NH 4 HCO 3 /20 mM NH 3 B: acetonitrile HPLC grade detection: MS: Positive and negative mass range: 120-700 m/z fragmentor: 70 gain EMV: 1 threshold: 150 stepsize: 0.25 UV: 315 nm bandwidth: 170 nm reference: off range: 210-400 nm range step: 2.00 nm peakwidth: ⁇ 0.01 min slit: 2 nm injection: 5 ⁇ L flow: 1.00 mL/min column temperature: 40° C. gradient: 0.00 min 5% B 0.00-2.50 min 5% -> 95% B 2.50-2.80 min 95% B 2.81-3.10 min 95% -> 5% B
• Lamp Blue LED 480 nm Diode Array Detector (DAD): Instrument: Agilent G1316A Sample wavelength: 220-320 nm Reference wavelength: Off Mass Spectroscopy (MSD): Instrument: Agilent LC/MSD-SL Ionisation: ESI (Positive & Negative) Mass range: 100-800
• the CyQuant NF assay is based on measurement of cellular DNA content via fluorescent dye binding. Because cellular DNA content is highly regulated, it is closely proportional to cell number. The extent of proliferation is determined by comparing cell counts for samples treated with drugs with untreated controls. The assay is not dependent on physiological activities that may exhibit cell number-independent variability.
• a DNA-binding dye in combination with a plasma membrane permeabilization reagent is used.
• the medium is aspirated, replaced with dye binding solution, cells are incubated for 30-60 min, then fluorescence is measured (excitation at 485 nm, emission detection at 530 nm). Data are expressed as fluorescence emission intensity units as a function of time of incubation.
• PC-3 cells Human prostate carcinoma cells (ATCC CRL-1435) CyQuant NF Invitrogen Cat.# C35006 assay PBS (w/o Ca, Life Technologies, Gibco BRL (Cat. No. 4190-094) Mg) F-12K Medium Life Technologies, Gibco BRL (Cat. No. 21127-022) Fetal calf serum Life Technologies, Gibco BRL (Cat. No. 10270-106)
• the concentration of 1 ⁇ Assay Buffer is 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 0.01% Polysorbate 20, 1 mM EGTA, and 10 mM MnCl 2 .
• inhibitors be serially diluted in DMSO, then diluted to a 4 ⁇ working concentration with 1 ⁇ Assay Buffer.
• the below procedure describes dilution of compounds in a 96-well format prior to transfer to a 384-well format for kinase assays. This procedure calls for dilution of the compounds in 2 adjacent columns of a 96-well plate, which upon transfer to a single column of a 384-well plate with an 8-channel pipette will align the samples in order of concentration.
• the substances of the present invention are PI3 kinase pathway inhibitors, in particular of the serine/threonine kinase mTOR and/or members of the lipid kinase family Pi3K.
• the novel compounds of the general formula (1) and their isomers and their physiologically tolerated salts are suitable for treating diseases which are characterized by excessive or anomalous cell proliferation.
• diseases include, for example: viral infections (e.g. HIV and Kaposi's sarcoma); inflammation and autoimmune diseases (e.g. colitis, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, glomerulonephritis and wound healing); bacterial, fungal and/or parasitic infections; leukaemias, lymphomas and solid tumours; skin diseases (e.g.
• the compounds are useful for protecting proliferating cells (e.g. hair cells, intestinal cells, blood cells and progenitor cells) from DNA damage due to irradiation, UV treatment and/or cytostatic treatment (Davis et al., 2001).
• cancer diseases can be treated with compounds according to the invention, without, however, being restricted thereto: brain tumours, such as acoustic neurinoma, astrocytomas such as piloid astrocytomas, fibrillary astrocytoma, protoplasmic astrocytoma, gemistocytic astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastomas, brain lymphomas, brain metastases, hypophyseal tumour such as prolactinoma, HGH (human growth hormone) producing tumour and ACTH-producing tumour (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), craniopharyngiomas, medulloblastomas, meningiomas and oligodendrogliomas; nerve tumours (neoplasms) such as tumours of the vegetative nervous system such as neuroblastoma sympathicum, ganglioneuroma, paraganglioma (phaeochromocytoma and chromaffinoma)
• novel compounds can be used for the prevention or short-term or long-term treatment of the abovementioned diseases including, where appropriate, in combination with other state-of-the-art compounds such as other anti-tumour substances, cytotoxic substances, cell proliferation inhibitors, antiangiogenic substances, steroids or antibodies.
• other state-of-the-art compounds such as other anti-tumour substances, cytotoxic substances, cell proliferation inhibitors, antiangiogenic substances, steroids or antibodies.
• the compounds of the general formula (1) can be used on their own or in combination with other active compounds according to the invention and, where appropriate, in combination with other pharmacologically active compounds as well.
• Chemotherapeutic agents which can be administered in combination with the compounds according to the invention include, without being restricted thereto, hormones, hormone analogs and antihormones (e.g.
• tamoxifen toremifene, raloxifene, fulvestrant, megestrol acetate, flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, aminoglutethimide, cyproterone acetate, finasteride, buserelin acetate, fludrocortisone, fluoxymesterone, medroxyprogesterone and octreotide), aromatase inhibitors (e.g. anastrozole, letrozole, liarozole, vorozole, exemestane and atamestane), LHRH agonists and antagonists (e.g.
• goserelin acetate and luprolide inhibitors of growth factors (growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor, examples of inhibitors are growth factor antibodies, growth factor receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib, imatinib, lapatinib, Erbitux® and trastuzumab); antimetabolites (e.g.
• antifolates such as methotrexate and raltitrexed, pyrimidine analogs such as 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine and gemcitabine, purine and adenosine analogs such as mercaptopurine, thioguanine, cladribine and pentostatin, cytarabine and fludarabine); antitumour antibiotics (e.g. anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin, mitomycin C, bleomycin, dactinomycin, plicamycin and streptozocin); platinum derivatives (e.g.
• cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin e.g. estramustine, meclorethamine, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulphan, dacarbazine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and temozolomide, nitrosoureas such as carmustine and lomustine and thiotepa); antimitotic agents (e.g. vinca alkaloids such as vinblastine, vindesine, vinorelbine and vincristine; and taxans such as paclitaxel and docetaxel); topoisomerase inhibitors (e.g.
• epipodophyllotoxins such as etoposide and etopophos, teniposide, amsacrine, topotecan, irinotecan and mitoxantrone) and various chemotherapeutic agents such as amifostin, anagrelide, clodronate, filgrastin, interferon alpha, leucovorin, rituximab, procarbazine, levamisole, mesna, mitotan, pamidronate and porfimer.
• epipodophyllotoxins such as etoposide and etopophos, teniposide, amsacrine, topotecan, irinotecan and mitoxantrone
• various chemotherapeutic agents such as amifostin, anagrelide, clodronate, filgrastin, interferon alpha, leucovorin, rituximab, procarbazine, levamisole, me
• suitable forms for use are tablets, capsules, suppositories, solutions, in particular solutions for injection (s.c., i.v., i.m.) and infusion, syrups, emulsions or dispersible powders.
• the proportion of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should in each case be in the range of 0.1-90% by weight, preferably 0.5-50% by weight, of the total composition, that is in quantities which are sufficient to achieve the dosage range which is specified below. If necessary, the doses mentioned can be given several times a day.
• Appropriate tablets can be obtained, for example, by mixing the active compound(s) with known auxiliary substances, for example inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants, such as maize starch or alginic acid, binders, such as starch or gelatine, lubricants, such as magnesium stearate or talc, and/or agents for achieving a depot effect, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate or polyvinyl acetate.
• the tablets can also comprise several layers.
• sugar-coated tablets can be produced by coating cores, which have been prepared in analogy with tablets, with agents which are customarily used in sugar coatings, for example collidone or shellac, gum arabic, talc, titanium dioxide or sugar.
• the core can also comprise several layers in order to achieve a depot effect or to avoid incompatibilities.
• the sugar coating can also comprise several layers in order to achieve a depot effect, with it being possible to use the auxiliary substances which are mentioned above in the case of the tablets.
• Syrups of the active compounds or active compound combinations according to the invention can additionally comprise a sweetening agent, such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar as well as a taste-improving agent, e.g. flavouring agents such as vanillin or orange extract. They can also comprise suspension aids or thickeners, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents, for example condensation products of fatty alcohols and ethylene oxide, or protectants such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
• a sweetening agent such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar
• a taste-improving agent e.g. flavouring agents such as vanillin or orange extract.
• suspension aids or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents, for example condensation products of fatty alcohols and ethylene oxide, or protectants such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
• Injection and infusion solutions are produced in a customary manner, e.g. while adding isotonizing agents, preservatives, such as p-hydroxybenzoates, or stabilizers, such as alkali metal salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, where appropriate using emulsifiers and/or dispersants, with it being possible, for example, to employ, where appropriate, organic solvents as solubilizing agents or auxiliary solvents when using water as diluent, and aliquoted into injection bottles or ampoules or infusion bottles.
• the capsules which comprise one or more active compounds or active compound combinations, can, for example, be produced by mixing the active compounds with inert carriers, such as lactose or sorbitol, and encapsulating the mixture in gelatine capsules.
• inert carriers such as lactose or sorbitol
• Suitable suppositories can be produced, for example, by mixing with excipients which are envisaged for this purpose, such as neutral fats or polyethylene glycol, or their derivatives.
• Auxiliary substances which may be mentioned by way of example are water, pharmaceutically unobjectionable organic solvents, such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), oils of vegetable origin (e.g. groundnut oil or sesame oil), monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. EtOH or glycerol), carrier substances such as natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, argillaceous earths, talc and chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly disperse silicic acid and silicates), sugars (e.g. cane sugar, lactose and grape sugar), emulsifiers (e.g.
• paraffins e.g. petroleum fractions
• oils of vegetable origin e.g. groundnut oil or sesame oil
• monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols e.g. EtOH or glycerol
• carrier substances such as natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, argillaceous earths, talc and chalk), synthetic mineral
• lignin sulphite waste liquors, methyl cellulose, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone
• glidants e.g. magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate.
• the tablets can naturally also comprise, in addition to the abovementioned carrier substances, additives such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate together with a variety of further substances such as starch, preferably potato starch, gelatine and the like. It is furthermore also possible to use glidants, such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulphate and talc, for the tableting.
• glidants such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulphate and talc, for the tableting.
• a variety of taste improvers or dyes can also be added to the active compounds in addition to the abovementioned auxiliary substances.
• the dosage for intravenous administration is 1-1000 mg per hour, preferably between 5 and 500 mg per hour.
• the finely ground active compound, lactose and a part of the maize starch are mixed with each other.
• the mixture is sieved, after which it is moistened with a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water, kneaded, wet-granulated and dried.
• the granular material, the remainder of the maize starch and the magnesium stearate are sieved and mixed with each other.
• the mixture is pressed into tablets of suitable shape and size.
• the finely ground active compound, a part of the maize starch, the lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed with each other, after which the mixture is sieved and worked, together with the remainder of the maize starch and water, into a granular material, which is dried and sieved.
• the sodium carboxymethyl starch and the magnesium stearate are then added to the granular material and mixed with it, and the mixture is pressed into tablets of suitable size.
• the active compound is dissolved, either at its intrinsic pH or, where appropriate, at pH 5.5-6.5, in water after which sodium chloride is added as isotonizing agent.
• the resulting solution is rendered pyrogen-free by filtration and the filtrate is aliquoted, under aseptic conditions, into ampoules, which are then sterilized and sealed by melting.
• the ampoules contain 5 mg, 25 mg and 50 mg of active compound.

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