US20110032196A1 - Touch panel and display device using the same - Google Patents
Touch panel and display device using the same Download PDFInfo
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- US20110032196A1 US20110032196A1 US12/655,489 US65548909A US2011032196A1 US 20110032196 A1 US20110032196 A1 US 20110032196A1 US 65548909 A US65548909 A US 65548909A US 2011032196 A1 US2011032196 A1 US 2011032196A1
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- carbon nanotube
- touch panel
- transparent conductive
- metal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/045—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using resistive elements, e.g. a single continuous surface or two parallel surfaces put in contact
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to touch panels and display devices using the same and, in particular, to a touch panel based on carbon nanotubes and a display device employing the touch panel based on carbon nanotubes.
- a resistance-type a capacitance-type
- an infrared-type a capacitance-type
- a surface sound wave-type a capacitance-type
- the resistance-type and capacitance-type touch panels have been widely used in various fields because of higher accuracy and resolution.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the ITO layer of the touch panel has poor mechanical durability, low chemical endurance, and uneven resistance over the entire area of the touch panel.
- the ITO layer has relatively low transparency in humid environments. All the above-mentioned problems of the ITO layer results in a touch panel with relatively low sensitivity, accuracy, and brightness.
- the ITO layer is generally formed by means of ion-beam sputtering, a relatively complicated method.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded, isometric view of one embodiment of a touch panel.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the touch panel of FIG. 1 once assembled.
- FIG. 3 shows a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of one embodiment of a carbon nanotube metal composite layer used in the touch panel of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a single carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube metal composite layer of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a single carbon nanotube in another embodiment of a carbon nanotube metal composite layer used in the touch panel of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 7 is a top view of another embodiment of a touch panel.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view along a broken line VIII-VIII of the touch panel of FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 9 is essentially a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device employing the touch panel of FIG. 2 , showing an operation of the touch panel with a pen.
- FIG. 10 is essentially a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device employing the touch panel of FIG. 8 , showing an operation of the touch panel with a finger.
- a resistive-type touch panel 10 includes a first electrode plate 12 , a second electrode plate 14 , a shielding layer 15 , a plurality of transparent dot spacers 16 , a passivation layer 17 , an insulating frame 18 , and a protective layer 19 .
- the first and second electrode plates 12 , 14 are opposite to and spaced from each other by the insulating frame 18 .
- the transparent dot spacers 16 are located between the first and second electrode plates 12 , 14 .
- the shielding layer 15 is located on a surface of the second electrode plate 14 away from the insulating frame 18 .
- the passivation layer 17 is located on a surface of the shielding layer 15 away from the shielding layer 15 .
- the shielding layer 15 is located between the passivation layer 17 and the second electrode plate 14 .
- the protective layer 19 is located on a surface of the first electrode plate 12 away from the second electrode plate 14 .
- the first electrode plate 12 includes a first substrate 120 , a first transparent conductive layer 122 , and two first electrodes 124 .
- the first substrate 120 has a planar structure, and includes a bottom surface 1202 , and a top surface 1204 opposite to the bottom surface 1202 .
- the top surface 1204 is away from the second electrode plate 14 .
- the first transparent conductive layer 122 and the two first electrodes 124 are attached to the bottom surface 1202 of the first substrate 120 .
- the two first electrodes 124 are electrically connected to the first transparent conductive layer 122 .
- the two first electrodes 124 are separately located at two ends of the first transparent conductive layer 122 .
- a direction from one of the first-electrodes 124 across the first transparent conductive layer 122 to the other first electrode 124 is defined as a first direction.
- the first direction is an X direction as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the second electrode plate 14 includes a second substrate 140 , a second transparent conductive layer 142 , and two second electrodes 144 .
- the second substrate 140 has a planar structure, and includes a bottom surface 1402 and a top surface 1404 opposite to the bottom surface 1402 .
- the bottom surface 1402 is away from the insulating frame 18 .
- the top surface 1404 faces the first transparent conductive layer 122 .
- the second transparent conductive layer 142 and the two second electrodes 144 are located on the top surface 1404 of the second substrate 140 .
- the second transparent conductive layer 142 is spaced from the first transparent conductive layer 122 a predetermined distance.
- the distance between the first transparent conductive layer 122 and the second transparent conductive layer 142 is in a range from about 2 microns to 10 microns.
- the two second electrodes 144 are separately located on the top surface 1404 of the second substrate 140 along two ends in a second direction. A direction from one of the second-electrodes 144 across the second transparent conductive layer 142 to the other second-electrodes 144 is defined as the second direction, which crosses or intersects with the first direction.
- the second direction is a Y direction as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the Y direction is substantially perpendicular to the X direction, that is, the two first electrodes 124 are orthogonal to the two second electrodes 144 .
- the two second electrodes 144 are also electrically connected to the second transparent conductive layer 142 .
- the first substrate 120 can be a transparent and flexible film or plate made of polymer, resin, or any other suitable flexible material.
- the flexible material can be polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether polysulfones (PES), polyvinyl polychloride (PVC), benzocyclobutenes (BCB), polyesters, or acrylic resins.
- the second substrate 140 can be a rigid and transparent board made of glass, diamond, quartz, plastic, or any other suitable material, or can be a transparent flexible film or plate similar to the first substrate 120 if the touch panel 10 is flexible.
- a thickness of the first substrate 120 and the second substrate 140 can be in a range from about 1 millimeter to about 1 centimeter.
- the first and second substrates 120 , 140 are made of PET, and have a thickness of about 2 millimeters.
- At least one of the first and second transparent conductive layers 122 , 142 includes a carbon nanotube metal composite layer.
- a thickness of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer can be in a range from about 1.5 nanometers to about 1 millimeter. Resistances of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer can range from about 50 ohms per square to about 2000 ohms per square.
- the transmittance of visible light having a frequency of about 550 nanometers of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer can be in a range from about 80% to about 95%.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 includes a carbon nanotube layer 101 and a metal layer 110 coated on the carbon nanotube layer 101 .
- the carbon nanotube layer 101 includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes 111 .
- There are three embodiments for the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 which will be detailedly described below.
- the carbon nanotube layer 101 includes one or more carbon nanotube films stacked on top of each other or contiguously located side by side.
- the carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of successive carbon nanotubes joined end-to-end by van der Waals attractive force therebetween.
- the carbon nanotubes are oriented primarily along a same orientation and are approximately parallel to each other.
- the term “approximately” as used herein means that it would be impossible and unnecessary that each of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube films are parallel to one another.
- the carbon nanotubes are joined end-to-end to form a free-standing structure.
- Free-standing means that the carbon nanotube film does not need to be supported by a substrate and can sustain the weight of itself when it is hoisted by a portion thereof without tearing.
- a thickness of the carbon nanotube film can range from about 0.5 nm to about 100 ⁇ m.
- the carbon nanotube film can be a drawn carbon nanotube film drawn from a carbon nanotube array.
- the metal layer 110 is covered on an outer surface of each individual carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube film.
- the metal layer 110 includes a conductive layer.
- the metal layer can further include at least one of a wetting layer, a transition layer, and an anti-oxidation layer.
- a thickness of the metal layer can be about 1 nanometer to about 50 nanometers.
- a material of the metal layer 110 can be copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti), platinum (Pt), and alloys thereof.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 includes a carbon nanotube film 101 and the metal layer 110 covered on the carbon nanotube film 101 .
- the carbon nanotube film 101 includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes 111 . Each carbon nanotube 111 is covered by the metal layer 110 on the outer surface thereof.
- the metal layer 110 includes a wetting layer 112 and a conductive layer 114 .
- the wetting layer 112 is the innermost layer, which directly covers and contacts the surface of the carbon nanotube 111 .
- the wetting layer 112 can be a Ni layer with a thickness of about 2 nanometers.
- the conductive layer 114 enwraps the wetting layer 112 .
- the conductive layer 114 can be an Ag layer with a thickness of about 10 nanometers.
- the resistance of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 is about 1173 ohm per square, the transmittance thereof is 92.7%.
- the wetting layer 112 is configured to provide a good transition between the carbon nanotube 111 and the conductive layer 114 .
- the material of the wetting layer 112 can also be Fe, Co, Pd, Ti, and any alloys of Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, and Ti.
- a thickness of the wetting layer 112 can range from about 1 nanometer to about 10 nanometers.
- the conductive layer 114 is arranged for enhancing the conductivity of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 .
- the material of the conductive layer 114 also can be Cu, Au and any alloys of Cu, Ag, and Au.
- a thickness of the conductive layer 114 can range from about 1 nanometer to about 20 nanometers.
- the resistance and transmittance of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer are restricted by the structure and thickness of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer. For example, if each carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is enwrapped with a Ni wetting layer about 2 nanometers thick and an Au conductive layer about 15 nanometers thick, the resistance and transmittance of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is about 495 ohm per square and 90.7% respectively. If each carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is enwrapped with a Ni wetting layer about 2 nanometers thick and an Au conductive layer about 20 nanometers thick, the resistance and transmittance of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is 208 ohm per square and 89.7% respectively.
- a transition layer and an anti-oxidation layer cover each single carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube film. More specifically, referring to FIG. 6 , a single carbon nanotube 211 in the carbon nanotube film is covered by a metal layer 210 on the outer surface thereof.
- the metal layer 210 includes a wetting layer 212 , a transition layer 213 , a conductive layer 214 , and an anti-oxidation layer 215 .
- the wetting layer 212 is the innermost layer, and directly covers the surface of the carbon nanotube 211 .
- the transition layer 213 enwraps the wetting layer 212 .
- the conductive layer 214 enwraps the transition layer 213 .
- the anti-oxidation layer 215 enwraps the conductive layer 214 .
- the transition layer 213 is arranged for combining the wetting layer 212 with the conductive layer 214 .
- the material of the transition layer 213 can be combined with the material of the wetting layer 212 as well as the material of the conductive layer 214 , such as Cu, Ag, or alloys thereof.
- a thickness of the transition layer 213 ranges from about 1 nanometer to about 10 nanometers.
- the anti-oxidation layer 215 is configured to prevent the conducting layer 214 from being oxidized by exposure to the air and prevent reduction of the conductivity of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer.
- the material of the anti-oxidation layer 215 can be any suitable material including Au, Pt, and any other anti-oxidation metallic materials or alloys thereof
- a thickness of the anti-oxidation layer 215 ranges from about 1 nanometer to about 10 nanometers.
- the material of the wetting layer 212 is Ti, and the thickness thereof is about 2 nanometers.
- the material of the transition layer 213 is Cu and the thickness thereof is about 2 nanometers.
- the material of the conductive layer 214 is Ag and the thickness thereof is about 10 nanometers.
- the material of the anti-oxidation layer 215 is Pt and the thickness thereof is about 2 nanometers.
- the carbon nanotube layer includes one or more carbon nanotube wires crossed or braided into a net.
- Each carbon nanotube wire in the carbon nanotube layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end-to-end by van der Waals attractive force, and are substantially parallel to or helically twisted along a longitudinal axis of the carbon nanotube wire.
- the metal layer is metal nanoparticles. If the carbon nanotube layer includes one carbon nanotube wire, the metal nanoparticles are randomly dispersed in the carbon nanotube wire.
- the carbon nanotube layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube wires
- the plurality of carbon nanotube wires may be arranged side by side or may be intercrossed, and the metal nanoparticles are dispersed in at least one of the carbon nanotube wires.
- the metal layer includes one or more metal nanowires crossed or braided into a net.
- the carbon nanotube layer may be carbon nanotube powder or carbon nanotube wires. If the metal layer includes one metal nanowire, the carbon nanotube layer is randomly dispersed in the metal nanowire. If the metal layer includes more metal nanowires, the more metal nanowires may be arranged side by side or may be intercrossed, the carbon nanotube layer is dispersed in at least one of the metal nanowires.
- both the first and second transparent conductive layers 122 , 142 are the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 .
- the carbon nanotube film has a specific surface area and the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 is adherent in nature. As such, the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 can be adhered directly to the bottom surface 1202 of the substrate 120 and the top surface 1404 of the second substrate 140 .
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 once adhered to the first substrate 120 or the second substrate 140 , can be treated with an organic solvent.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 can be treated by using organic solvent to soak the entire surface of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 .
- the organic solvent is volatile, and can be, for example, ethanol, methanol, acetone, dichloroethane, chloroform, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the organic solvent is ethanol.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 can more firmly adhere to the first and second substrates 120 , 140 , and the mechanical strength and toughness of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 are increased and the coefficient of friction of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 is reduced.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer 100 can also be adhered to the first and second substrates 120 , 140 by an adhesive.
- the first electrodes 124 and the second electrodes 144 are made of metal, conductive resin, carbon nanotube film, or any other conductive material, so long as it is electrically conductive. In one embodiment, both the first and second electrodes 124 , 144 are silver paste. It is noted that, the electrodes of a flexible touch panel should be tough but flexible.
- the transparent dot spacers 16 are separately located on the second conductive layer 142 .
- the insulative frame 18 is mounted between the bottom surface 1202 of the first substrate 120 and the top surface 1404 of the second substrate 140 .
- the transparent dot spacers 16 and the insulative frame 18 are made of, for example, insulative resin or any other suitable insulative material. Insulation between the first electrode plate 12 and the second electrode plate 14 is provided by the transparent dot spacers 16 and the insulative frame 18 . It is to be understood that the transparent dot spacers 16 are optional, particularly when the touch panel 10 is relatively small. They serve as supports given the size of the span and the strength of the first electrode plate 12 .
- the shielding layer 15 is located on the bottom surface 1402 of the second substrate 140 .
- the material of the shielding layer 15 can be ITO, antimony tin oxide (ATO), carbon nanotube film, or other conductive materials.
- the shielding layer 15 is a carbon nanotube film.
- the carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes.
- the shielding layer 15 is connected to the ground and plays a role of shielding and, thus, enables the touch panel 10 to operate without interference (e.g., electromagnetic interference).
- the passivation layer 17 is attached to the shielding layer 15 .
- the material of the passivation layer 17 can, for example, be silicon nitride or silicon dioxide.
- the passivation layer 17 can protect the shielding layer 15 from chemical or mechanical damage.
- the protective layer 19 is located on the top surface 1204 of the first substrate 120 .
- the material of the protective layer 19 is transparent, and can be silicon nitrides, silicon dioxides, benzocyclobutenes, polyester films, or polyethylene terephthalates.
- the protective layer 19 can be made of slick plastic and receive a surface hardening treatment to protect the first electrode plate 12 from being scratched when in use.
- shielding layer 15 the passivation layer 17 and protective layer 19 are optional structures.
- the two first electrodes 124 and the two second electrodes 144 are both attached to and electrically connect with the second transparent conductive layer 142 .
- the two first electrodes 124 are separately located at two ends of the second transparent conductive layer 142 along a first direction.
- the two second electrodes 144 are separately located on the top surface 1404 of the second substrate 140 along a second direction. The first and second directions intersect with each other.
- the touch panel 20 includes a substrate 22 , a transparent conductive layer 24 , a shielding layer 25 , a passivation layer 27 , at least two electrodes 28 , and a protective film 29 .
- the substrate 22 includes a top surface 221 and a bottom surface 222 opposite to the top surface 221 .
- the transparent conductive layer 24 is attached to the top surface 221 of the substrate 22 .
- the shielding layer 25 is located on the bottom surface 222 of the substrate 22 .
- the passivation layer 27 is attached to a bottom of the shielding layer 25 .
- the shielding layer 25 is located between the passivation layer 27 and the substrate 22 .
- the electrodes 28 are located at the periphery of the transparent conductive layer 24 , spaced from each other, and electrically connected to the transparent conductive layer 24 to form equipotential lines thereon.
- the protective layer 29 can be directly coated on the transparent conductive layer 24 and the electrodes 28 .
- the substrate 22 can have a curved structure or a planar structure and functions as a supporter.
- the substrate 22 may be made of a rigid material or a flexible material, such as glass, silicon, diamond, plastic, or the like. In one embodiment, the substrate 22 is glass.
- the transparent conductive layer 24 includes a carbon nanotube metal composite layer.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer includes a carbon nanotube layer and a metal layer covered on the carbon nanotube layer.
- the transparent conductive layer 24 has the same configuration as the first transparent conductive layer 122 or the second transparent conductive layer 142 .
- the transparent conductive layer 24 and the substrate 22 also have a rectangular shape.
- the touch panel 20 has four electrodes 28 respectively located at the four sides of the transparent conductive layer 24 . Understandably, the four electrodes 28 can be located on different surfaces of the transparent conductive layer 24 as long as equipotential lines can be formed on the transparent conductive layer 24 .
- a material of the electrodes 28 may be the same as that of the first and second electrodes 124 , 144 of the touch panel 10 . In one embodiment, the material of the electrodes 28 is Ag.
- the material and function of the shielding layer 25 , the passivation layer 27 and the protective layer 29 is the same as that of the shielding layer 15 , the passivation layer 17 , and the protective layer 19 in the touch panel 10 , respectively.
- the display device 400 includes the touch panel 10 , a display element 430 , a touch controller 440 , a central processing unit (CPU) 450 , and a display controller 460 .
- the touch panel 10 is opposite and adjacent to the display element 430 , and is electrically connected to the touch controller 440 .
- the touch controller 440 , the CPU 450 , and the display controller 460 are electrically connected.
- the CPU 450 is connected to the display controller 460 to control the display element 430 .
- the display element 430 is opposite and adjacent to the passivation layer 17 of the touch panel 10 .
- the touch panel 10 can be spaced from the display element 430 or installed directly on the display element 430 .
- the display element 430 can be, e.g., a liquid crystal display, a field emission display, a plasma display, an electroluminescent display, a vacuum fluorescent display, a cathode ray tube, or another display device.
- the passivation layer 17 is spaced from the display element 430 with a gap 426 .
- the display element 430 is a liquid crystal display.
- a voltage is applied to each of the two first-electrodes 124 of the first electrode plate 12 and to each of the two second-electrodes 144 of the second electrode plate 14 .
- a user operates the display device 400 by pressing the first electrode plate 12 of the touch panel 10 with a finger, a pen/stylus 470 , or the like while visually observing the display element 430 through the touch panel 10 .
- This pressing causes a deformation 480 of the first electrode plate 12 .
- the deformation 480 of the first electrode plate 12 causes a connection between the first transparent conductive layer 122 and the second transparent conductive layer 142 of the second electrode plate 14 .
- Changes in voltages in the X direction of the first transparent conductive layer 142 and the Y direction of the second transparent conductive layer 142 can be detected by the touch controller 440 . Then the touch controller 440 transforms the changes in voltages into coordinates of the pressing point, and sends the coordinates of the pressing point to the CPU 450 . The CPU 450 then sends out commands according to the coordinates of the pressing point and further controls the display of the display element 430 .
- the display device 500 includes the touch panel 20 , a display element 530 , a touch controller 540 , a CPU 550 , and a display controller 560 .
- the touch panel 20 is opposite and adjacent to the display element 530 , and is electrically connected to the touch controller 540 .
- the touch controller 540 , the CPU 550 , and the display controller 560 are electrically connected.
- the CPU 550 is connected to the display controller 560 to control the display element 530 .
- the display element 530 is opposite and adjacent to the passivation layer 27 of the touch panel 20 .
- the touch panel 20 can be spaced from the display element 530 or installed directly on the display element 530 .
- the type of the display element 530 may be the same with the display element 430 .
- the passivation layer 27 is spaced from the display element 530 by two or more spacers 528 . Thus, a gap 526 is provided between the passivation layer 27 and the display element 530 .
- the display element 530 is a liquid crystal display.
- a voltage is applied to the electrodes 28 respectively.
- a user operates the display device 500 by pressing or touching the protective layer 29 of the touch panel 20 with a pen/stylus, a finger 570 , or the like, while visually observing the display element 530 through the touch panel 20 .
- a coupling capacitance forms between the user and the transparent conductive layer 24 .
- the coupling capacitance is a conductor, and thus the finger 570 takes away a little current from the touch point.
- Currents flowing through the four electrodes 28 cooperatively replace the current lost at the touch point.
- the quantity of current supplied by each electrode 28 is directly proportional to the distance from the touch point to the each electrode 28 .
- the touch controller 540 is used to calculate the proportion of the four supplied currents, thereby detecting coordinates of the touch point on the touch panel 20 .
- the touch controller 540 then sends the coordinates of the touch point to the CPU 550 .
- the CPU 550 receives the coordinates, and processes the coordinates into a command. Finally, the CPU 550 sends out the command to the display controller 560 .
- the display controller 560 controls the display of the display element 530 accordingly.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer has superior properties, such as excellent toughness, and high mechanical strength.
- the touch panels and the display devices using the same are durable.
- Each carbon nanotube metal composite layer includes a carbon nanotube layer and a metal layer, and the carbon nanotube layer is covered by the metal layer.
- the carbon nanotube layer and the metal layer have superior conductivity.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer also has superior conductivity, low resistivity, uniform resistance distribution, and is suitable for the transparent conductive layer in touch panels.
- the touch panels and the display devices employing the same have improved sensitivity and accuracy.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer has high transparency, thereby promoting improved brightness of the touch panels and the display devices using the same.
- the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is flexible, and can be used in a flexible touch panel and a flexible display device adopting the same.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims all benefits accruing under 35 U.S.C. §119 from China Patent Application No. 200910109569.0, filed on Aug. 7, 2009 in the China Intellectual Property Office.
- 1. Technical Field
- The present disclosure relates to touch panels and display devices using the same and, in particular, to a touch panel based on carbon nanotubes and a display device employing the touch panel based on carbon nanotubes.
- 2. Discussion of Related Art
- There has been much advancement in recent years of various electronic apparatuses towards high performance and diversification. There has been continuous growth in the number of electronic apparatuses equipped with optically transparent touch panels in the display panel (e.g., liquid crystal panels). Users may operate a touch panel by pressing or touching the touch panel with a finger, a pen/stylus, or a tool while visually observing the liquid crystal display through the touch panel. Therefore, a demand exists for touch panels that are superior in visibility and reliable in operation.
- Presently, different types of touch panels have been developed, including a resistance-type, a capacitance-type, an infrared-type, and a surface sound wave-type. The resistance-type and capacitance-type touch panels have been widely used in various fields because of higher accuracy and resolution.
- Conventional capacitance-type or resistive-type touch panels employ conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent conductive layers. However, the ITO layer of the touch panel has poor mechanical durability, low chemical endurance, and uneven resistance over the entire area of the touch panel. Furthermore, the ITO layer has relatively low transparency in humid environments. All the above-mentioned problems of the ITO layer results in a touch panel with relatively low sensitivity, accuracy, and brightness. Moreover, the ITO layer is generally formed by means of ion-beam sputtering, a relatively complicated method.
- What is needed, therefore, is to provide a durable touch panel and a display device using the same with high sensitivity, accuracy, and brightness.
- Many aspects of the embodiments can be better understood with references to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, the emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
-
FIG. 1 is an exploded, isometric view of one embodiment of a touch panel. -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the touch panel ofFIG. 1 once assembled. -
FIG. 3 shows a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of one embodiment of a carbon nanotube metal composite layer used in the touch panel ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer ofFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a single carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube metal composite layer ofFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a single carbon nanotube in another embodiment of a carbon nanotube metal composite layer used in the touch panel ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 7 is a top view of another embodiment of a touch panel. -
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view along a broken line VIII-VIII of the touch panel ofFIG. 6 . -
FIG. 9 is essentially a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device employing the touch panel ofFIG. 2 , showing an operation of the touch panel with a pen. -
FIG. 10 is essentially a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device employing the touch panel ofFIG. 8 , showing an operation of the touch panel with a finger. - The disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at least one.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 andFIG. 2 , one embodiment of a resistive-type touch panel 10 includes afirst electrode plate 12, asecond electrode plate 14, ashielding layer 15, a plurality oftransparent dot spacers 16, apassivation layer 17, aninsulating frame 18, and aprotective layer 19. The first andsecond electrode plates insulating frame 18. Thetransparent dot spacers 16 are located between the first andsecond electrode plates shielding layer 15 is located on a surface of thesecond electrode plate 14 away from theinsulating frame 18. Thepassivation layer 17 is located on a surface of theshielding layer 15 away from theshielding layer 15. Namely, theshielding layer 15 is located between thepassivation layer 17 and thesecond electrode plate 14. Theprotective layer 19 is located on a surface of thefirst electrode plate 12 away from thesecond electrode plate 14. - The
first electrode plate 12 includes afirst substrate 120, a first transparentconductive layer 122, and twofirst electrodes 124. Thefirst substrate 120 has a planar structure, and includes abottom surface 1202, and atop surface 1204 opposite to thebottom surface 1202. Thetop surface 1204 is away from thesecond electrode plate 14. The first transparentconductive layer 122 and the twofirst electrodes 124 are attached to thebottom surface 1202 of thefirst substrate 120. The twofirst electrodes 124 are electrically connected to the first transparentconductive layer 122. Specifically, the twofirst electrodes 124 are separately located at two ends of the first transparentconductive layer 122. A direction from one of the first-electrodes 124 across the first transparentconductive layer 122 to the otherfirst electrode 124 is defined as a first direction. The first direction is an X direction as shown inFIG. 1 . - The
second electrode plate 14 includes asecond substrate 140, a second transparentconductive layer 142, and twosecond electrodes 144. Thesecond substrate 140 has a planar structure, and includes abottom surface 1402 and atop surface 1404 opposite to thebottom surface 1402. Thebottom surface 1402 is away from theinsulating frame 18. Thetop surface 1404 faces the first transparentconductive layer 122. The second transparentconductive layer 142 and the twosecond electrodes 144 are located on thetop surface 1404 of thesecond substrate 140. The second transparentconductive layer 142 is spaced from the first transparent conductive layer 122 a predetermined distance. In one embodiment, the distance between the first transparentconductive layer 122 and the second transparentconductive layer 142 is in a range from about 2 microns to 10 microns. The twosecond electrodes 144 are separately located on thetop surface 1404 of thesecond substrate 140 along two ends in a second direction. A direction from one of the second-electrodes 144 across the second transparentconductive layer 142 to the other second-electrodes 144 is defined as the second direction, which crosses or intersects with the first direction. The second direction is a Y direction as shown inFIG. 1 . In one embodiment, the Y direction is substantially perpendicular to the X direction, that is, the twofirst electrodes 124 are orthogonal to the twosecond electrodes 144. The twosecond electrodes 144 are also electrically connected to the second transparentconductive layer 142. - The
first substrate 120 can be a transparent and flexible film or plate made of polymer, resin, or any other suitable flexible material. The flexible material can be polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate acrylic (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyether polysulfones (PES), polyvinyl polychloride (PVC), benzocyclobutenes (BCB), polyesters, or acrylic resins. Thesecond substrate 140 can be a rigid and transparent board made of glass, diamond, quartz, plastic, or any other suitable material, or can be a transparent flexible film or plate similar to thefirst substrate 120 if thetouch panel 10 is flexible. A thickness of thefirst substrate 120 and thesecond substrate 140 can be in a range from about 1 millimeter to about 1 centimeter. In one embodiment, the first andsecond substrates - At least one of the first and second transparent
conductive layers - Referring to
FIGS. 3 and 4 , the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100 includes a carbon nanotube layer 101 and ametal layer 110 coated on the carbon nanotube layer 101. The carbon nanotube layer 101 includes a plurality ofcarbon nanotubes 111. There are three embodiments for the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100 which will be detailedly described below. - In a first embodiment, the carbon nanotube layer 101 includes one or more carbon nanotube films stacked on top of each other or contiguously located side by side. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of successive carbon nanotubes joined end-to-end by van der Waals attractive force therebetween. The carbon nanotubes are oriented primarily along a same orientation and are approximately parallel to each other. In this connection, the term “approximately” as used herein means that it would be impossible and unnecessary that each of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube films are parallel to one another. The carbon nanotubes are joined end-to-end to form a free-standing structure. “Free-standing” means that the carbon nanotube film does not need to be supported by a substrate and can sustain the weight of itself when it is hoisted by a portion thereof without tearing. A thickness of the carbon nanotube film can range from about 0.5 nm to about 100 μm. The carbon nanotube film can be a drawn carbon nanotube film drawn from a carbon nanotube array.
- The
metal layer 110 is covered on an outer surface of each individual carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube film. Themetal layer 110 includes a conductive layer. The metal layer can further include at least one of a wetting layer, a transition layer, and an anti-oxidation layer. A thickness of the metal layer can be about 1 nanometer to about 50 nanometers. A material of themetal layer 110 can be copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti), platinum (Pt), and alloys thereof. - In the first embodiment, there are two examples to be described.
- Referring to
FIGS. 4 and 5 , the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100 includes a carbon nanotube film 101 and themetal layer 110 covered on the carbon nanotube film 101. The carbon nanotube film 101 includes a plurality ofcarbon nanotubes 111. Eachcarbon nanotube 111 is covered by themetal layer 110 on the outer surface thereof. Themetal layer 110 includes awetting layer 112 and aconductive layer 114. Thewetting layer 112 is the innermost layer, which directly covers and contacts the surface of thecarbon nanotube 111. Thewetting layer 112 can be a Ni layer with a thickness of about 2 nanometers. Theconductive layer 114 enwraps thewetting layer 112. Theconductive layer 114 can be an Ag layer with a thickness of about 10 nanometers. The resistance of the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100 is about 1173 ohm per square, the transmittance thereof is 92.7%. - The wettability between carbon nanotubes and most metals is poor. The
wetting layer 112 is configured to provide a good transition between thecarbon nanotube 111 and theconductive layer 114. Besides Ni, the material of thewetting layer 112 can also be Fe, Co, Pd, Ti, and any alloys of Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, and Ti. A thickness of thewetting layer 112 can range from about 1 nanometer to about 10 nanometers. - The
conductive layer 114 is arranged for enhancing the conductivity of the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100. Besides Ag, the material of theconductive layer 114 also can be Cu, Au and any alloys of Cu, Ag, and Au. A thickness of theconductive layer 114 can range from about 1 nanometer to about 20 nanometers. - It is to be understood that the resistance and transmittance of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer are restricted by the structure and thickness of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer. For example, if each carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is enwrapped with a Ni wetting layer about 2 nanometers thick and an Au conductive layer about 15 nanometers thick, the resistance and transmittance of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is about 495 ohm per square and 90.7% respectively. If each carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is enwrapped with a Ni wetting layer about 2 nanometers thick and an Au conductive layer about 20 nanometers thick, the resistance and transmittance of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is 208 ohm per square and 89.7% respectively.
- A transition layer and an anti-oxidation layer cover each single carbon nanotube in the carbon nanotube film. More specifically, referring to
FIG. 6 , asingle carbon nanotube 211 in the carbon nanotube film is covered by a metal layer 210 on the outer surface thereof. The metal layer 210 includes awetting layer 212, atransition layer 213, aconductive layer 214, and ananti-oxidation layer 215. Thewetting layer 212 is the innermost layer, and directly covers the surface of thecarbon nanotube 211. Thetransition layer 213 enwraps thewetting layer 212. Theconductive layer 214 enwraps thetransition layer 213. Theanti-oxidation layer 215 enwraps theconductive layer 214. - The
transition layer 213 is arranged for combining thewetting layer 212 with theconductive layer 214. The material of thetransition layer 213 can be combined with the material of thewetting layer 212 as well as the material of theconductive layer 214, such as Cu, Ag, or alloys thereof. A thickness of thetransition layer 213 ranges from about 1 nanometer to about 10 nanometers. - The
anti-oxidation layer 215 is configured to prevent theconducting layer 214 from being oxidized by exposure to the air and prevent reduction of the conductivity of the carbon nanotube metal composite layer. The material of theanti-oxidation layer 215 can be any suitable material including Au, Pt, and any other anti-oxidation metallic materials or alloys thereof A thickness of theanti-oxidation layer 215 ranges from about 1 nanometer to about 10 nanometers. - In one embodiment, the material of the
wetting layer 212 is Ti, and the thickness thereof is about 2 nanometers. The material of thetransition layer 213 is Cu and the thickness thereof is about 2 nanometers. The material of theconductive layer 214 is Ag and the thickness thereof is about 10 nanometers. The material of theanti-oxidation layer 215 is Pt and the thickness thereof is about 2 nanometers. - In a second embodiment, the carbon nanotube layer includes one or more carbon nanotube wires crossed or braided into a net. Each carbon nanotube wire in the carbon nanotube layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end-to-end by van der Waals attractive force, and are substantially parallel to or helically twisted along a longitudinal axis of the carbon nanotube wire. The metal layer is metal nanoparticles. If the carbon nanotube layer includes one carbon nanotube wire, the metal nanoparticles are randomly dispersed in the carbon nanotube wire. If the carbon nanotube layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube wires, the plurality of carbon nanotube wires may be arranged side by side or may be intercrossed, and the metal nanoparticles are dispersed in at least one of the carbon nanotube wires.
- In a third embodiment, the metal layer includes one or more metal nanowires crossed or braided into a net. The carbon nanotube layer may be carbon nanotube powder or carbon nanotube wires. If the metal layer includes one metal nanowire, the carbon nanotube layer is randomly dispersed in the metal nanowire. If the metal layer includes more metal nanowires, the more metal nanowires may be arranged side by side or may be intercrossed, the carbon nanotube layer is dispersed in at least one of the metal nanowires.
- In one embodiment, both the first and second transparent
conductive layers metal composite layer 100. It is noted that the carbon nanotube film has a specific surface area and the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100 is adherent in nature. As such, the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100 can be adhered directly to thebottom surface 1202 of thesubstrate 120 and thetop surface 1404 of thesecond substrate 140. - The carbon nanotube
metal composite layer 100, once adhered to thefirst substrate 120 or thesecond substrate 140, can be treated with an organic solvent. The carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100 can be treated by using organic solvent to soak the entire surface of the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100. The organic solvent is volatile, and can be, for example, ethanol, methanol, acetone, dichloroethane, chloroform, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the organic solvent is ethanol. After being soaked by the organic solvent, the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100 can more firmly adhere to the first andsecond substrates metal composite layer 100 are increased and the coefficient of friction of the carbon nanotubemetal composite layer 100 is reduced. - In one embodiment, the carbon nanotube
metal composite layer 100 can also be adhered to the first andsecond substrates - The
first electrodes 124 and thesecond electrodes 144 are made of metal, conductive resin, carbon nanotube film, or any other conductive material, so long as it is electrically conductive. In one embodiment, both the first andsecond electrodes - The
transparent dot spacers 16 are separately located on the secondconductive layer 142. Theinsulative frame 18 is mounted between thebottom surface 1202 of thefirst substrate 120 and thetop surface 1404 of thesecond substrate 140. Thetransparent dot spacers 16 and theinsulative frame 18 are made of, for example, insulative resin or any other suitable insulative material. Insulation between thefirst electrode plate 12 and thesecond electrode plate 14 is provided by thetransparent dot spacers 16 and theinsulative frame 18. It is to be understood that thetransparent dot spacers 16 are optional, particularly when thetouch panel 10 is relatively small. They serve as supports given the size of the span and the strength of thefirst electrode plate 12. - The
shielding layer 15 is located on thebottom surface 1402 of thesecond substrate 140. The material of theshielding layer 15 can be ITO, antimony tin oxide (ATO), carbon nanotube film, or other conductive materials. In one embodiment, theshielding layer 15 is a carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes. Theshielding layer 15 is connected to the ground and plays a role of shielding and, thus, enables thetouch panel 10 to operate without interference (e.g., electromagnetic interference). - The
passivation layer 17 is attached to theshielding layer 15. The material of thepassivation layer 17 can, for example, be silicon nitride or silicon dioxide. Thepassivation layer 17 can protect theshielding layer 15 from chemical or mechanical damage. - The
protective layer 19 is located on thetop surface 1204 of thefirst substrate 120. The material of theprotective layer 19 is transparent, and can be silicon nitrides, silicon dioxides, benzocyclobutenes, polyester films, or polyethylene terephthalates. Theprotective layer 19 can be made of slick plastic and receive a surface hardening treatment to protect thefirst electrode plate 12 from being scratched when in use. - It can be understood that the
shielding layer 15, thepassivation layer 17 andprotective layer 19 are optional structures. - It is noted that, in one embodiment, the two
first electrodes 124 and the twosecond electrodes 144 are both attached to and electrically connect with the second transparentconductive layer 142. The twofirst electrodes 124 are separately located at two ends of the second transparentconductive layer 142 along a first direction. The twosecond electrodes 144 are separately located on thetop surface 1404 of thesecond substrate 140 along a second direction. The first and second directions intersect with each other. - Referring to
FIG. 6 andFIG. 7 , a capacitance-type touch panel 20 of one embodiment is provided. Thetouch panel 20 includes asubstrate 22, a transparentconductive layer 24, ashielding layer 25, apassivation layer 27, at least twoelectrodes 28, and aprotective film 29. Thesubstrate 22 includes atop surface 221 and abottom surface 222 opposite to thetop surface 221. The transparentconductive layer 24 is attached to thetop surface 221 of thesubstrate 22. Theshielding layer 25 is located on thebottom surface 222 of thesubstrate 22. Thepassivation layer 27 is attached to a bottom of theshielding layer 25. Theshielding layer 25 is located between thepassivation layer 27 and thesubstrate 22. Theelectrodes 28 are located at the periphery of the transparentconductive layer 24, spaced from each other, and electrically connected to the transparentconductive layer 24 to form equipotential lines thereon. Theprotective layer 29 can be directly coated on the transparentconductive layer 24 and theelectrodes 28. - The
substrate 22 can have a curved structure or a planar structure and functions as a supporter. Thesubstrate 22 may be made of a rigid material or a flexible material, such as glass, silicon, diamond, plastic, or the like. In one embodiment, thesubstrate 22 is glass. - The transparent
conductive layer 24 includes a carbon nanotube metal composite layer. The carbon nanotube metal composite layer includes a carbon nanotube layer and a metal layer covered on the carbon nanotube layer. In one embodiment, the transparentconductive layer 24 has the same configuration as the first transparentconductive layer 122 or the second transparentconductive layer 142. - For compatibility with the rectangular-shaped touch area, the transparent
conductive layer 24 and thesubstrate 22 also have a rectangular shape. In one embodiment, to form a uniform resistive net on the transparentconductive layer 24, thetouch panel 20 has fourelectrodes 28 respectively located at the four sides of the transparentconductive layer 24. Understandably, the fourelectrodes 28 can be located on different surfaces of the transparentconductive layer 24 as long as equipotential lines can be formed on the transparentconductive layer 24. A material of theelectrodes 28 may be the same as that of the first andsecond electrodes touch panel 10. In one embodiment, the material of theelectrodes 28 is Ag. - The material and function of the
shielding layer 25, thepassivation layer 27 and theprotective layer 29 is the same as that of theshielding layer 15, thepassivation layer 17, and theprotective layer 19 in thetouch panel 10, respectively. - Referring to
FIG. 8 , adisplay device 400 of one embodiment is provided. Thedisplay device 400 includes thetouch panel 10, adisplay element 430, atouch controller 440, a central processing unit (CPU) 450, and adisplay controller 460. Thetouch panel 10 is opposite and adjacent to thedisplay element 430, and is electrically connected to thetouch controller 440. Thetouch controller 440, theCPU 450, and thedisplay controller 460 are electrically connected. TheCPU 450 is connected to thedisplay controller 460 to control thedisplay element 430. - The
display element 430 is opposite and adjacent to thepassivation layer 17 of thetouch panel 10. Thetouch panel 10 can be spaced from thedisplay element 430 or installed directly on thedisplay element 430. Thedisplay element 430 can be, e.g., a liquid crystal display, a field emission display, a plasma display, an electroluminescent display, a vacuum fluorescent display, a cathode ray tube, or another display device. In one embodiment, thepassivation layer 17 is spaced from thedisplay element 430 with agap 426. Thedisplay element 430 is a liquid crystal display. - In operation, a voltage is applied to each of the two first-
electrodes 124 of thefirst electrode plate 12 and to each of the two second-electrodes 144 of thesecond electrode plate 14. A user operates thedisplay device 400 by pressing thefirst electrode plate 12 of thetouch panel 10 with a finger, a pen/stylus 470, or the like while visually observing thedisplay element 430 through thetouch panel 10. This pressing causes adeformation 480 of thefirst electrode plate 12. Thedeformation 480 of thefirst electrode plate 12 causes a connection between the first transparentconductive layer 122 and the second transparentconductive layer 142 of thesecond electrode plate 14. Changes in voltages in the X direction of the first transparentconductive layer 142 and the Y direction of the second transparentconductive layer 142 can be detected by thetouch controller 440. Then thetouch controller 440 transforms the changes in voltages into coordinates of the pressing point, and sends the coordinates of the pressing point to theCPU 450. TheCPU 450 then sends out commands according to the coordinates of the pressing point and further controls the display of thedisplay element 430. - Referring to
FIG. 9 , adisplay device 500 of one embodiment is provided. Thedisplay device 500 includes thetouch panel 20, adisplay element 530, atouch controller 540, aCPU 550, and adisplay controller 560. Thetouch panel 20 is opposite and adjacent to thedisplay element 530, and is electrically connected to thetouch controller 540. Thetouch controller 540, theCPU 550, and thedisplay controller 560 are electrically connected. TheCPU 550 is connected to thedisplay controller 560 to control thedisplay element 530. - The
display element 530 is opposite and adjacent to thepassivation layer 27 of thetouch panel 20. Thetouch panel 20 can be spaced from thedisplay element 530 or installed directly on thedisplay element 530. The type of thedisplay element 530 may be the same with thedisplay element 430. In one embodiment, thepassivation layer 27 is spaced from thedisplay element 530 by two ormore spacers 528. Thus, agap 526 is provided between thepassivation layer 27 and thedisplay element 530. Thedisplay element 530 is a liquid crystal display. - In operation, a voltage is applied to the
electrodes 28 respectively. A user operates thedisplay device 500 by pressing or touching theprotective layer 29 of thetouch panel 20 with a pen/stylus, afinger 570, or the like, while visually observing thedisplay element 530 through thetouch panel 20. Due to an electrical field of the user, a coupling capacitance forms between the user and the transparentconductive layer 24. For high frequency electrical current, the coupling capacitance is a conductor, and thus thefinger 570 takes away a little current from the touch point. Currents flowing through the fourelectrodes 28 cooperatively replace the current lost at the touch point. The quantity of current supplied by eachelectrode 28 is directly proportional to the distance from the touch point to the eachelectrode 28. Thetouch controller 540 is used to calculate the proportion of the four supplied currents, thereby detecting coordinates of the touch point on thetouch panel 20. Thetouch controller 540 then sends the coordinates of the touch point to theCPU 550. TheCPU 550 receives the coordinates, and processes the coordinates into a command. Finally, theCPU 550 sends out the command to thedisplay controller 560. Thedisplay controller 560 controls the display of thedisplay element 530 accordingly. - As described above, the carbon nanotube metal composite layer has superior properties, such as excellent toughness, and high mechanical strength. Thus, the touch panels and the display devices using the same are durable. Each carbon nanotube metal composite layer includes a carbon nanotube layer and a metal layer, and the carbon nanotube layer is covered by the metal layer. The carbon nanotube layer and the metal layer have superior conductivity. As such, the carbon nanotube metal composite layer also has superior conductivity, low resistivity, uniform resistance distribution, and is suitable for the transparent conductive layer in touch panels. Thus, the touch panels and the display devices employing the same have improved sensitivity and accuracy. Furthermore, the carbon nanotube metal composite layer has high transparency, thereby promoting improved brightness of the touch panels and the display devices using the same. Additionally, the carbon nanotube metal composite layer is flexible, and can be used in a flexible touch panel and a flexible display device adopting the same.
- It is to be understood that the above-described embodiment is intended to illustrate rather than limit the disclosure. Variations may be made to the embodiment without departing from the spirit of the disclosure as claimed. The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate the scope of the disclosure and not restricted to the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (19)
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CN2009101095690A CN101989136B (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Touch screen and display device |
CN200910109569 | 2009-08-07 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101989136A (en) | 2011-03-23 |
JP5345979B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
JP2011040052A (en) | 2011-02-24 |
US8766927B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
CN101989136B (en) | 2012-12-19 |
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