US20060260439A1 - Holder for a cutting tool for metalworking and a method for the production of a holder for a cutting tool - Google Patents

Holder for a cutting tool for metalworking and a method for the production of a holder for a cutting tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060260439A1
US20060260439A1 US11/270,834 US27083405A US2006260439A1 US 20060260439 A1 US20060260439 A1 US 20060260439A1 US 27083405 A US27083405 A US 27083405A US 2006260439 A1 US2006260439 A1 US 2006260439A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
holder
holder body
cutting tool
tool
cutting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/270,834
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English (en)
Inventor
Klas Tubinger
Roger Lundgren
Dan Hoglund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
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Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik Intellectual Property AB filed Critical Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Assigned to SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AB reassignment SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HOGLUND, DAN, LUNDGREN, ROGER, TUBINGER, KLAS
Publication of US20060260439A1 publication Critical patent/US20060260439A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/04Tool holders for a single cutting tool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/24Tool holders for a plurality of cutting tools, e.g. turrets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/04Drills for trepanning
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P9/00Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/22Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06Surface hardening

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a type of holder for a cutting tool for metalworking as well as a method for the production of a holder for a cutting tool, such as holder bodies having one or more insert seats for indexable inserts.
  • drills may be mentioned having a plurality of cutting inserts of cemented carbide, cermets or ceramics.
  • Cutting tools for chip-removing machining in, for instance, metallic materials are available in many different types comprising tools for drilling, milling and turning. Common to these tools is that they usually comprise a holder body as well as one or more cutting inserts received in insert seats in the holder body intended therefore. Usually, the holder body is manufactured from hardened steel and subsequently cold blackened to obtain a black surface.
  • the cutting inserts are made from cemented carbide, cermets or ceramics.
  • the loads, static and dynamic, on tools for cutting machining in metallic materials have become higher and higher.
  • the increased load emanates from more efficient cutting inserts as well as the increasing optimization of the geometrical design of the holder bodies.
  • An area of the holder bodies particularly subjected to load is the area in and adjacent to the insert seats. This is naturally due to the fact that the load during machining is carried by the cutting inserts mounted in the insert seats. Thus, there is a growing need to increase the fatigue strength of such holder bodies, and particularly in and adjacent to the insert seats.
  • a method to increase the fatigue strength of a material is to introduce compressive stresses in the surface zone.
  • compressive stresses may be introduced to a material in the surface zone by surface hardening of the material, e.g. by nitriding, wherein nitrogen is supplied to the surface of the holder body, usually steel, in a gas atmosphere, essentially at a temperature of 510-550° C.
  • nitrogen is supplied to the surface of the holder body, usually steel, in a gas atmosphere, essentially at a temperature of 510-550° C.
  • nitro-carburizing wherein carbon and nitrogen are supplied to the surface in a gas atmosphere, normally at a temperature of about 570° C.
  • Still another way is to subject the material to an ion nitration, wherein nitrogen is supplied to the surface in an ionizing gas, essentially under vacuum, at a temperature of about 450-650° C.
  • Still another method to increase the fatigue strength of the material by introducing compressive stresses in the surface zone is shot peening.
  • the idea of this method is to bombard, under accurately controlled conditions, the surface with small particles of, for instance, steel, glass or ceramics.
  • US 2005/0002744 discloses a cutting tool and a method for the production of cutting tools for metalworking characterized in that the holder body of the tool first is submitted to a surface hardening that results in the formation of compressive stresses in the surface and then submitted to a surface treatment that gives additional contribution of compressive stresses in the surface. In this way, it is allowed to, on one hand, be able to modify/machine or remove parts of or the entire phase-transition layer obtained in the surface hardening at the same time as additional compressive stresses are built up in the surface. However, it has turned out that this method does not result in satisfying fatigue strength of the holder body at exceptionally high loads, such as greater than 60% of the yield point in tension of the material.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a holder body having improved fatigue strength at high loads.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a holder body having low risk of crack formation.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a holder body that is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide a holder body having a long service life at high loads.
  • a method for the production of a holder for a cutting tool for metalworking comprising a holder body having one or more insert seats intended to receive a cutting insert, the holder body of the tool being made of steel, said method comprising deep hardening of at least a part of the holder body and then surface treating at least a portion of this part of the holder body in order to introduce compressive stresses in the surface zone of the holder body.
  • a holder for a cutting tool for metalworking comprising a holder body having one or more insert seats intended to receive a cutting insert, the holder body being manufactured from steel, at least a part of the holder body is depth hardened, and at least a portion of the depth hardened portion has a strain hardened surface.
  • FIG. 1-2 show two side views of a drill shank of a typical tool body according to the invention, more precisely in the form of a holder body for so-called short hole drills.
  • FIG. 3 shows a view obliquely from the front of a drill provided with cutting inserts.
  • 11 drill shank 11 drill shank
  • 12 , 13 insert seats 14 , 15 chip channels
  • 16 tangential support surface 17 axial support surface
  • 18 radial support surface 19 additional space
  • 20 opposite surface 21 section transition.
  • FIGS. 1-3 show a cylindrical drill shank 11 , which at the front part is provided with two insert seats 12 and 13 placed on both sides of the center line CL of the drill.
  • Axial recesses or channels formed for the chip transport are designated 14 and 15 .
  • the two insert seats 12 , 13 are provided with holes in the center for the receipt of locking screws (not shown) for the locking of cutting inserts in the seats.
  • Each insert seat comprises a tangential support surface 16 , an axial support surface 17 as well as a radial support surface 18 .
  • the support surfaces are provided with additional spaces 19 in order to accommodate the corners of the cutting insert in order to avoid damage.
  • the tangential support surfaces 16 are substantially parallel to radial planes through the center line CL.
  • Each axial support surface 17 is broken so that it forms a substantially V-shaped profile, the tip of which is directed axially rearward toward the fixing part of the shank.
  • a surface 20 positioned in the center seat 12 and opposite the radial support surface 18 has no supporting function of the cutting insert but only aims to prevent wedging of chips between the shank and the center cutting insert.
  • the section transition between the radial support surface 18 and the tangential support surface 16 is designated 21 . At this section transition 21 , upon full engagement with a work piece, the maximal stress concentration in the insert seat arises. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to improve the fatigue strength and, as far as possible, reduce the risk of crack initiation and propagation.
  • a tool holder made from tool steel is depth-hardened, i.e., so that basic structure of the steel is dominated by martensite, having a hardness of at least 40 HRC substantially through the entire cross section of the holder.
  • Holders for milling or turning operations may have a hardness of at least 36 HRC measured at the surface thereof. This can, for instance, be achieved by heating the tool followed by quenching as known in the art. Depending on the holder material, quenching may be effected by media such as air, oil or water.
  • the high hardness means that the effect of a later cold working in comparison with cold working of softer materials increases by virtue of the increased dislocation density and pile-up, which gives higher residual stresses.
  • surface zone we mean the area from about 10 to about 160 ⁇ m below the surface.
  • shot peening Preferably, this shot peening is made at least in and adjacent to the insert seats.
  • the intensity is determined by the choice of hardness, density and size of shot peening media, as well as the choice of pressure, flow, angle of incidence, rotation and time for the shot-peening process. The following conditions have been found suitable:
  • At correct intensity which suitably is at least 7A, preferably at least 15A, most preferably at least 18A (where A means the Almen-value determined substantially as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,350,440)
  • compressive stresses are built into the steel and the fatigue strength increases.
  • the surface is affected in two additional ways. Firstly, the surface structure becomes favorable from a fatigue strength point of view since machining scratches are removed and a random fine-pitted structure is obtained. This means that cracks have more difficulty to propagate in a certain direction. Secondly, the surface obtains an attractive finish.
  • the surface treatment resulting in strain hardening can be carried out by other cold working operations as known in the art, such as indentation or roller burnishing, whereby a certain plastic deformation of the surface of the holder body is achieved, resulting in compressive stresses being introduced to the surface zone of the holder body.
  • the cold working operation is performed in such a way that a surface structure favorable from a fatigue strength point of view is also achieved.
  • the surface treatment is carried out at the most exposed areas, i.e., for instance, in and adjacent to the insert seats.
  • the surface treatment is carried out at the most exposed areas, i.e., for instance, in and adjacent to the insert seats.
  • at least a part of the holder body is subjected to a hardening process resulting in deep hardening, and at least a portion of this part of the holder then is subjected to a surface treatment in order to introduce compressive stresses to the surface zone of the holder body.
  • both the hardening process and the surface treatment are carried out over the entire holder body.
  • a holder body with surprisingly improved fatigue strength is obtained in comparison with prior art holder bodies, above all at loads over 60% of the yield point in tension where, e.g., nitro-carburized holder bodies encounter problems with initial cracks.
  • the risk of crack initiation and crack propagation at high loads may be substantially reduced, on one hand in and adjacent to the insert seats, and on the other hand at portions axially behind the insert seats of the holder body.
  • the holder body is in the form of a rotatable drill.
  • the concept of the invention is general and can be used in other types of tools for chip-removing machining, such as turning tools and milling tools.
  • Indexable short hole drill were prepared to final shape and dimension from tool steel SS2242. They were depth-hardened by heating to 960° C. followed by quenching in air to having a yield point in tension of 1520 N/mm 2 and a hardness of 50 HRC. After that, the tools were shot peened over the entire holder body under the following conditions:
  • Angle of incidence 90 deg relative the longitudinal axis of the drill
  • Example 1 was repeated and additional to the hardening was nitrocarburising treatment undertaken as disclosed in of US 2005/0002744.
  • the tool holders from Examples 1 and 2 provided with cemented carbide cutting inserts were tested in short hole drilling operation 60 mm deep. Holes were drilled in material SS2541 300 HB with cutting data of speed of 200 m/min and feed of 0.20 mm/rev. These cutting data result in a force of 85% of the material yield tension. As a further reference a commercially available depth-hardened and cold blackened drill of the same type was tested. Tool life criterion was breakage of tool holder.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
US11/270,834 2004-11-10 2005-11-10 Holder for a cutting tool for metalworking and a method for the production of a holder for a cutting tool Abandoned US20060260439A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0402760A SE0402760L (sv) 2004-11-10 2004-11-10 Skärande verktyg för metallbearbetning samt metod vid tillverkning av skärande verktyg
SE0402760-3 2004-11-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060260439A1 true US20060260439A1 (en) 2006-11-23

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US11/270,834 Abandoned US20060260439A1 (en) 2004-11-10 2005-11-10 Holder for a cutting tool for metalworking and a method for the production of a holder for a cutting tool

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20060260439A1 (sv)
EP (1) EP1657315A1 (sv)
JP (1) JP2008519701A (sv)
KR (1) KR20070084136A (sv)
CN (1) CN101056996A (sv)
SE (1) SE0402760L (sv)
WO (1) WO2006052194A1 (sv)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8393831B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2013-03-12 Tungaloy, Corporation Indexable drill and drill body
US8621964B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2014-01-07 Kennametal Inc. Rotary cutting tool with coolant passage disposed in non-circular recess for reducing stress
US8647026B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2014-02-11 Kennametal Inc. Cutting tool with pocket feature for reducing stress
US20140369773A1 (en) * 2013-06-13 2014-12-18 Kennametal Inc. Milling cutter with stress reliefs
US9446457B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-09-20 Osg Corporation Drill body of indexable drill
US20180036808A1 (en) * 2016-08-04 2018-02-08 Iscar, Ltd. Tool holder having insert receiving pocket with stress relief surfaces
US20180050397A1 (en) * 2016-08-16 2018-02-22 Kennametal Inc. Tool body for a shell end mill and cutting tool
US11654492B2 (en) 2019-06-13 2023-05-23 Kennametal India Ltd. Indexable drilling inserts
US11717894B2 (en) 2019-08-14 2023-08-08 Kennametal India Ltd. Indexable drill insert
USD1009108S1 (en) 2020-09-21 2023-12-26 Kyocera Unimerco Tooling A/S Drill
US11911830B2 (en) 2019-06-13 2024-02-27 Kennametal India Ltd. Indexable drilling inserts

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US8968495B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2015-03-03 Dayton Progress Corporation Methods of thermo-mechanically processing tool steel and tools made from thermo-mechanically processed tool steels
US9132567B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2015-09-15 Dayton Progress Corporation Tools with a thermo-mechanically modified working region and methods of forming such tools
WO2009102848A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-20 Dayton Progress Corporation Methods of thermo-mechanically processing tool steel and tools made from thermo-mechanically processed tool steels
CN101838727B (zh) * 2010-05-24 2012-11-28 株洲钻石切削刀具股份有限公司 硬质合金刀片基体的热处理方法
CN102335809A (zh) * 2011-08-03 2012-02-01 四川欧曼机械有限公司 一种制造刀架的方法
CN102350519A (zh) * 2011-08-03 2012-02-15 四川欧曼机械有限公司 一种用于机加工的切削刀具
CN102335778A (zh) * 2011-08-03 2012-02-01 四川欧曼机械有限公司 一种用于金属加工的切削刀具
CN102303157A (zh) * 2011-08-17 2012-01-04 四川欧曼机械有限公司 一种铣削刀具
JP5457521B2 (ja) * 2012-07-31 2014-04-02 共進精機株式会社 防振アーバ
CN103949865A (zh) * 2014-04-10 2014-07-30 浙江大学 一种具有自锋利功能的刀具及其加工方法
CN104191001A (zh) * 2014-08-01 2014-12-10 常州西利合金工具有限公司 一种钻头
EP3838448A1 (en) 2019-12-20 2021-06-23 Sandvik Mining and Construction Tools AB Method of treating a mining insert

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US2846904A (en) * 1956-02-01 1958-08-12 Cone Automatic Mach Co Inc Boring bar
US4558975A (en) * 1982-02-26 1985-12-17 General Electric Company Drill with disposable inserts
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US5688083A (en) * 1993-05-20 1997-11-18 Iscar Ltd. Drilling tool and an indexing cutting insert for use therein
US5829927A (en) * 1919-04-30 1998-11-03 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Drill and throwaway tip
US6016720A (en) * 1996-04-26 2000-01-25 Sandvik Aktiebolag Method for the manufacturing of rotary tool holders having seats for cutting inserts
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US6116824A (en) * 1998-03-10 2000-09-12 Seco Tools Ab Cutting insert for a milling cutter, and a method of preventing accidental dislodgement of cutting inserts
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US5829927A (en) * 1919-04-30 1998-11-03 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Drill and throwaway tip
US2350440A (en) * 1942-04-29 1944-06-06 Gen Motors Corp Shot blasting test
US2846904A (en) * 1956-02-01 1958-08-12 Cone Automatic Mach Co Inc Boring bar
US4558975A (en) * 1982-02-26 1985-12-17 General Electric Company Drill with disposable inserts
US4674365A (en) * 1983-07-27 1987-06-23 Spectra Products Corporation Method for extending the life of a cutting tool
US5688083A (en) * 1993-05-20 1997-11-18 Iscar Ltd. Drilling tool and an indexing cutting insert for use therein
US6016720A (en) * 1996-04-26 2000-01-25 Sandvik Aktiebolag Method for the manufacturing of rotary tool holders having seats for cutting inserts
US6058807A (en) * 1997-01-31 2000-05-09 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Cutting tool and method for producing the same
US6116824A (en) * 1998-03-10 2000-09-12 Seco Tools Ab Cutting insert for a milling cutter, and a method of preventing accidental dislodgement of cutting inserts
US20050002744A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2005-01-06 Sandvik Ab Cutting tool for metal working as well as method in the production of cutting tools

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8393831B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2013-03-12 Tungaloy, Corporation Indexable drill and drill body
US9446457B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2016-09-20 Osg Corporation Drill body of indexable drill
US8621964B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2014-01-07 Kennametal Inc. Rotary cutting tool with coolant passage disposed in non-circular recess for reducing stress
US8647026B2 (en) 2011-11-23 2014-02-11 Kennametal Inc. Cutting tool with pocket feature for reducing stress
US20140369773A1 (en) * 2013-06-13 2014-12-18 Kennametal Inc. Milling cutter with stress reliefs
US9475131B2 (en) * 2013-06-13 2016-10-25 Kennametal Inc. Milling cutter with stress reliefs
US20180036808A1 (en) * 2016-08-04 2018-02-08 Iscar, Ltd. Tool holder having insert receiving pocket with stress relief surfaces
US10005141B2 (en) * 2016-08-04 2018-06-26 Iscar, Ltd. Tool holder having insert receiving pocket with stress relief surfaces
US20180050397A1 (en) * 2016-08-16 2018-02-22 Kennametal Inc. Tool body for a shell end mill and cutting tool
US10556278B2 (en) * 2016-08-16 2020-02-11 Kennametal Inc. Tool body for a shell end mill and cutting tool
US11298760B2 (en) 2016-08-16 2022-04-12 Kennametal Inc. Tool body for a shell end mill and cutting tool
US11654492B2 (en) 2019-06-13 2023-05-23 Kennametal India Ltd. Indexable drilling inserts
US11911830B2 (en) 2019-06-13 2024-02-27 Kennametal India Ltd. Indexable drilling inserts
US11717894B2 (en) 2019-08-14 2023-08-08 Kennametal India Ltd. Indexable drill insert
USD1009108S1 (en) 2020-09-21 2023-12-26 Kyocera Unimerco Tooling A/S Drill

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006052194A1 (en) 2006-05-18
KR20070084136A (ko) 2007-08-24
SE527684C2 (sv) 2006-05-09
SE0402760L (sv) 2006-05-09
EP1657315A1 (en) 2006-05-17
CN101056996A (zh) 2007-10-17
JP2008519701A (ja) 2008-06-12

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