US20060191192A1 - Process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials - Google Patents
Process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060191192A1 US20060191192A1 US11/066,059 US6605905A US2006191192A1 US 20060191192 A1 US20060191192 A1 US 20060191192A1 US 6605905 A US6605905 A US 6605905A US 2006191192 A1 US2006191192 A1 US 2006191192A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- combustible material
- polymer powder
- redispersible polymer
- water
- mill
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 vinyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylolacrylamide Chemical compound OCNC(=O)C=C CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical group ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HDERJYVLTPVNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical group C=C.CC(=O)OC=C HDERJYVLTPVNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWRKYBXTKSGXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxyperoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COOOCC(C)C GWRKYBXTKSGXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropenyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=C)OC(C)=O HETCEOQFVDFGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- JZQAAQZDDMEFGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) hexanedioate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC=C JZQAAQZDDMEFGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC=C YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC=C IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C GLVVKKSPKXTQRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/361—Briquettes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the invention concerns a process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials by treating these materials with a water-redispersible polymer powder composition.
- a synthetic fuel is a material which is generated by the conversion of natural fuel materials, like coal, crude oil, natural gas or wood. Basically there are two mechanism of conversion-degradation processes and chemical reactions. Degradation processes are well-known in the state of art. Typical examples of synthetic fuel prepared by a degradation process are synthetic oil or synthetic gas produced from coal, synthetic gas produced from wood, and synthetic oil produced from crude oil. Typical examples of synthetic fuel prepared by chemical reactions are fuel materials obtained by acylation or alkylation of coal with organic chemicals.
- the synthetic fuel materials are used for heating, for examples in power plants for district-wide heating, in plants for electric power generation, and for the production of coke.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,624 B1 claims a process of preparing synthetic fuel from coal, by preparing a mixture of coal with an aqueous polymer solution or an aqueous polymer emulsion, and a glycol or glycerin diluent as the third component.
- this process has the advantage of improved environmental acceptability.
- aqueous solutions or emulsions a high amount of water is introduced.
- an aqueous polymer emulsion has a solids content of about 50%, the remainder being water. This large amount of water must then be removed in order not to cause a dramatic reduction of the BTU value of the synthetic fuel.
- water is used to the extent of 1.5 to 2.5 times higher than the amount of coal by weight. The cost of the diluent also renders the process less attractive economically.
- An object of the invention is to provide a method of preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials and polymer materials, which can be processed in common synthetic fuel plant equipment, and which does not have the disadvantage of introducing a high amount of non-combustible materials like water into the fuel.
- the invention is thus directed to a process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials by treating these materials with a water-redispersible polymer powder composition.
- Preferred solid, combustible materials are coal, for example anthracite, bitumen or lignite. Preferred too is wood, for example in the form of wood chips or saw dust. Waste plastic materials may also be used in this process as a solid, combustible material.
- the solid combustible material may therefore be selected from any variety of combustible solids, either alone or in a myriad of mixtures.
- Redispersible polymer powders are characterized in that they are readily redispersible after stirring with water, largely breaking down into particles substantially indistinguishable from those of the initial dispersions from which the powders are prepared, and which react or associate with certain organic materials.
- Redispersible polymer powders are commercially available from Wacker Polymer Systems under the trademark Vinnapas®.
- the polymers are preferably based on one or more monomers from the group of vinyl esters, (meth)acrylates, vinyl aromatics, olefins, 1,3-dienes and vinyl halides and, if required, further monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- Suitable vinyl esters are those of carboxylic acids having 1 to 12 C atoms.
- Vinyl acetate is particularly preferred.
- Suitable monomers from among the acrylates and methacrylates are esters of straight-chain or branched alcohols having 1 to 15 carbon atoms with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
- Preferred methacrylates and acrylates are methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- Methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate are particularly preferred.
- Preferred vinyl aromatics are styrene, methylstyrene and vinyltoluene.
- a preferred vinyl halide is vinyl chloride.
- the preferred olefins are ethylene and propylene, and the preferred dienes are 1,3-butadiene and isoprene.
- auxiliary monomers may also be copolymerized, preferably, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight.
- auxiliary monomers are ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, preferably acrylic acid, methacrylic acid; ethylenically unsaturated carboxamides and carbonitriles, preferably acrylamide and acrylonitrile; and ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids and their salts, preferably vinyl sulfonic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid.
- precrosslinking co-monomers such as polyethylenically unsaturated comonomers, for example divinyl adipate or triallyl cyanurate, or postcrosslinking comonomers, for example N-methylolacrylamide (NMA), N-methylolmethacrylamide, alkyl ethers, such as the isobutoxy ether, or esters, of N-methylolacrylamide.
- NMA N-methylolacrylamide
- alkyl ethers such as the isobutoxy ether
- esters of N-methylolacrylamide.
- Comonomers having epoxide functional groups such as glycidyl methacrylate and glycidyl acrylate
- comonomers having silicon-containing functional groups such as (meth)acryloyloxypropyltri(alkoxy)silanes, vinyltrialkoxysilanes and vinylmethyldialkoxysilanes.
- the choice of monomers or the choice of the amounts by weight of the comonomers is made in such a way that in general a glass transition temperature (Tg) of ⁇ 50° C. to +50° C., preferably ⁇ 30° C. to +40° C., and most preferably ⁇ 5° C. to +15° C., is obtained.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the polymer can be determined in a known manner by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the Tg can also be calculated approximately beforehand using the Fox equation. According to T. G. Fox, B ULL. A M. P HYSICS S OC.
- 1/Tg x 1 /Tg 1 +x 2 /Tg 2 + . . . +x n /Tg n , where x n is the mass fraction (% by weight/100) of the monomer n and Tg n is the glass transition temperature in Kelvin of the homopolymer of the monomer n. Tg values for homopolymers appear in P OLYMER H ANDBOOK, 2nd Edition, J. Wiley & Sons, New York (1975).
- vinyl acetate homopolymers copolymers of vinyl acetate with ethylene, copolymers of vinyl acetate with ethylene and with one or more other vinyl esters, copolymers of vinyl acetate with ethylene and (meth)acrylic ester(s), copolymers of vinyl acetate with (meth)acrylates and other vinyl esters, copolymers of vinyl acetate with ethylene and vinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl acetate with acrylates, styrene-acrylic ester copolymers, and styrene-1,3-butadiene copolymers, it being possible for these polymers also containing, if required, one or more of the above-mentioned auxiliary monomers.
- the polymers are prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art, for example by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization.
- the thus obtained initial polymer dispersions preferably have a solids content of 30 to 70%.
- the aqueous dispersions are preferably spray-dried, usually after the addition of protective colloids as spraying assistants.
- Common additives which may also be incorporated in the water-redispersible polymer powders are anti-blocking agents.
- the common process steps are in general as follows:
- the solid, combustible material is delivered to a place where the reaction between the combustible material and the polymer component takes place.
- the solid, combustible material is transported on a conveyor belt to the reaction region.
- the polymer is added to the combustible material in a manner to ensure the reaction between the solid, combustible material and the polymer component. From the reaction section the synthetic fuel thus produced is transported to a place for storage or is directly transported to a combustion section.
- the solid, combustible material is reacted with 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight of the redispersible polymer powder, based on the weight of the solid combustible material.
- the reaction between the solid, combustible material and the redispersible polymer powder usually takes place at a temperature between 5° C. to 70° C., preferably 15° C. to 30° C. Preferably the reaction takes place under normal atmospheric pressure.
- the present process can be designed as a dry process or a wet process:
- the redispersible polymer powder composition is metered onto the combustible material, preferably by dusting the powder onto the combustible material on the conveyor belt.
- the mixture of combustible material and redispersible polymer powder continues along the conveyor, and in a preferred embodiment it is treated with water or steam.
- 0.1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 10%, and most preferably 0.1% to 2% of water or steam are contacted with the mixture of combustible material and polymer powder just before entering a mill, the amounts by weight based on the weight of combustible material.
- the water is only needed to improve the contact between the combustible material and the polymer.
- the amount of water also depends on the moisture content of the combustible material. Therefore depending on the glass transition temperature of the polymer and the moisture of the combustible material, in general only very low amounts of water need to be added, in contrast to prior art processes, where the water is primarily needed to transport the polymer to the coal, and therefore very high amounts are required.
- the thus treated mixture of combustible material and redispersible polymer powder continues along the conveyor and into the mill where they are thoroughly mixed.
- the solid, combustible material is also transported along the conveyor, and is treated with water or steam in the above mentioned amounts.
- the redispersible polymer powder is then metered onto the coal carrying conveyor just before entering the mill, where the combustible material and polymer are thoroughly mixed.
- the redispersible polymer powder composition is metered onto the combustible material, preferably by dusting the powder onto the combustible material on the conveyor belt.
- the mixture of combustible material and redispersible polymer powder continues along the conveyor and into the mill where mixing begins to take place. Within the mill, water or steam in an amount as described above is introduced.
- the redispersible polymer powder composition is metered onto the combustible material, preferably by dusting the powder onto the combustible material on the conveyor belt.
- the mixture of combustible material and redispersible polymer powder continues along the conveyor and into the mill where they are thoroughly mixed.
- the material exits the mill the material passes a unit where it is treated with water or steam in an amount as described above.
- the solid, combustible material proceeds along the conveyor and is sprayed with an aqueous redispersion of the redispersible polymer before entering the mill, where the combustible material and polymer are thoroughly mixed.
- the redispersion is prepared by admixing redispersible polymer powder with water.
- the solid, combustible material proceeds along the conveyor, and enters the mill, wherein an aqueous redispersion of the redispersible polymer is added. The mixture is thoroughly mixed in the mill.
- organic diluents such as glycols, glycerine, etc. are preferably absent.
- the milling step is followed by a consolidation step, such as briquetting.
- the reaction between the solid, combustible material and the polymer takes place substantially in the milling step at the above defined conditions.
- the reaction is controlled by analytical methods well-known for this purpose in the state of art. Preferred are Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
- FTIR Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- the inventive process reduces the complexity of raw material procurement logistics, because of the solid state of the polymer.
- Flat-bed transport is more economical to the end user than liquid bulk transport.
- freezing generally destroys aqueous polymer dispersions, but does not affect redispersible polymer powders, thus not requiring the addition of diluent.
- the dry process allows the customer to utilize less polymer based on the fact that reaction kinetics are closely linked with proximity of reactants.
- redispersible polymer powder the extra step required on current state of the art, i.e. diluting the aqueous polymer emulsion, is removed. Above all, the amount of water used in the process, which is detrimental to the end product, is minimized in comparison to the state of the art.
- a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of ⁇ 7° C. was used.
- a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate homopolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of +30° C. is used.
- coal fines 1000 g are introduced into a blender and dry-mixed with 10 g of water-redispersible polymer powder. The mix is spread out onto a metal plate and uniformly sprayed with 100 ml of water. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs.
- coal fines 1000 g are sprayed with steam until a weight increase of 5% is measured.
- the wet coal fines are introduced into a blender and mixed with 10 g of water-redispersible polymer powder. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs.
- coal fines 1000 g is sprayed with 100 g of an aqueous redispersion of the water-redispersible polymer powder with a solids content of 50%.
- the wet coal fines are introduced into a blender and mixed. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is followed with the exception that a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate homopolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of +30° C. is used. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs in the same manner.
- Example 2 The process of Example 2 is followed with the exception that a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate homopolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of +30° C. is used. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs in the same manner.
- Example 3 The process of Example 3 is followed, on the exception that a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate homopolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of +30° C. was used. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs in the same manner.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The invention concerns a process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials by treating these materials with a water-redispersible polymer powder composition.
- 2. Background Art
- A synthetic fuel is a material which is generated by the conversion of natural fuel materials, like coal, crude oil, natural gas or wood. Basically there are two mechanism of conversion-degradation processes and chemical reactions. Degradation processes are well-known in the state of art. Typical examples of synthetic fuel prepared by a degradation process are synthetic oil or synthetic gas produced from coal, synthetic gas produced from wood, and synthetic oil produced from crude oil. Typical examples of synthetic fuel prepared by chemical reactions are fuel materials obtained by acylation or alkylation of coal with organic chemicals.
- Usually the synthetic fuel materials are used for heating, for examples in power plants for district-wide heating, in plants for electric power generation, and for the production of coke.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,624 B1 claims a process of preparing synthetic fuel from coal, by preparing a mixture of coal with an aqueous polymer solution or an aqueous polymer emulsion, and a glycol or glycerin diluent as the third component. In comparison with the above mentioned methods this process has the advantage of improved environmental acceptability. But it has the disadvantage, that with aqueous solutions or emulsions, a high amount of water is introduced. Typically an aqueous polymer emulsion has a solids content of about 50%, the remainder being water. This large amount of water must then be removed in order not to cause a dramatic reduction of the BTU value of the synthetic fuel. In the method of the U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,624 water is used to the extent of 1.5 to 2.5 times higher than the amount of coal by weight. The cost of the diluent also renders the process less attractive economically.
- An object of the invention is to provide a method of preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials and polymer materials, which can be processed in common synthetic fuel plant equipment, and which does not have the disadvantage of introducing a high amount of non-combustible materials like water into the fuel. These and other objects are achieved through the addition of a water-redispersible polymer powder to solid, combustible fuel components.
- The invention is thus directed to a process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials by treating these materials with a water-redispersible polymer powder composition.
- Preferred solid, combustible materials are coal, for example anthracite, bitumen or lignite. Preferred too is wood, for example in the form of wood chips or saw dust. Waste plastic materials may also be used in this process as a solid, combustible material. The solid combustible material may therefore be selected from any variety of combustible solids, either alone or in a myriad of mixtures.
- Redispersible polymer powders are characterized in that they are readily redispersible after stirring with water, largely breaking down into particles substantially indistinguishable from those of the initial dispersions from which the powders are prepared, and which react or associate with certain organic materials. Redispersible polymer powders are commercially available from Wacker Polymer Systems under the trademark Vinnapas®. The polymers are preferably based on one or more monomers from the group of vinyl esters, (meth)acrylates, vinyl aromatics, olefins, 1,3-dienes and vinyl halides and, if required, further monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- Suitable vinyl esters are those of carboxylic acids having 1 to 12 C atoms. Vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl laurate, 1-methylvinyl acetate, vinyl pivalate and vinyl esters of a-branched monocarboxylic acids having 9 to 11 C atoms, for example VeoVa9R or VeoVa10R (trade names of Resolution Products), are preferred. Vinyl acetate is particularly preferred.
- Suitable monomers from among the acrylates and methacrylates are esters of straight-chain or branched alcohols having 1 to 15 carbon atoms with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Preferred methacrylates and acrylates are methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. Methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate are particularly preferred. Preferred vinyl aromatics are styrene, methylstyrene and vinyltoluene. A preferred vinyl halide is vinyl chloride. The preferred olefins are ethylene and propylene, and the preferred dienes are 1,3-butadiene and isoprene.
- If required, 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the copolymer, of auxiliary monomers may also be copolymerized, preferably, 0.5 to 2.5% by weight. Examples of auxiliary monomers are ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, preferably acrylic acid, methacrylic acid; ethylenically unsaturated carboxamides and carbonitriles, preferably acrylamide and acrylonitrile; and ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids and their salts, preferably vinyl sulfonic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid. Further examples are precrosslinking co-monomers such as polyethylenically unsaturated comonomers, for example divinyl adipate or triallyl cyanurate, or postcrosslinking comonomers, for example N-methylolacrylamide (NMA), N-methylolmethacrylamide, alkyl ethers, such as the isobutoxy ether, or esters, of N-methylolacrylamide. Comonomers having epoxide functional groups, such as glycidyl methacrylate and glycidyl acrylate, are also suitable. Further examples are comonomers having silicon-containing functional groups, such as (meth)acryloyloxypropyltri(alkoxy)silanes, vinyltrialkoxysilanes and vinylmethyldialkoxysilanes.
- The choice of monomers or the choice of the amounts by weight of the comonomers is made in such a way that in general a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −50° C. to +50° C., preferably −30° C. to +40° C., and most preferably −5° C. to +15° C., is obtained. The glass transition temperature Tg of the polymer can be determined in a known manner by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Tg can also be calculated approximately beforehand using the Fox equation. According to T. G. Fox, B
ULL. AM. PHYSICS SOC. 1, 3, page 123 (1956), the following is applicable: 1/Tg=x1/Tg1+x2/Tg2+ . . . +xn/Tgn, where xn is the mass fraction (% by weight/100) of the monomer n and Tgn is the glass transition temperature in Kelvin of the homopolymer of the monomer n. Tg values for homopolymers appear in POLYMER HANDBOOK, 2nd Edition, J. Wiley & Sons, New York (1975). - Particularly preferred are vinyl acetate homopolymers, copolymers of vinyl acetate with ethylene, copolymers of vinyl acetate with ethylene and with one or more other vinyl esters, copolymers of vinyl acetate with ethylene and (meth)acrylic ester(s), copolymers of vinyl acetate with (meth)acrylates and other vinyl esters, copolymers of vinyl acetate with ethylene and vinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl acetate with acrylates, styrene-acrylic ester copolymers, and styrene-1,3-butadiene copolymers, it being possible for these polymers also containing, if required, one or more of the above-mentioned auxiliary monomers.
- The polymers are prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art, for example by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization. The thus obtained initial polymer dispersions preferably have a solids content of 30 to 70%. For the preparation of the water-redispersible polymer powders, the aqueous dispersions are preferably spray-dried, usually after the addition of protective colloids as spraying assistants. Common additives which may also be incorporated in the water-redispersible polymer powders are anti-blocking agents.
- In the production of synthetic fuel materials based on solid, combustible materials, the common process steps are in general as follows: The solid, combustible material is delivered to a place where the reaction between the combustible material and the polymer component takes place. Typically the solid, combustible material is transported on a conveyor belt to the reaction region. In the reaction section of the plant the polymer is added to the combustible material in a manner to ensure the reaction between the solid, combustible material and the polymer component. From the reaction section the synthetic fuel thus produced is transported to a place for storage or is directly transported to a combustion section.
- In general the solid, combustible material is reacted with 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight of the redispersible polymer powder, based on the weight of the solid combustible material. The reaction between the solid, combustible material and the redispersible polymer powder usually takes place at a temperature between 5° C. to 70° C., preferably 15° C. to 30° C. Preferably the reaction takes place under normal atmospheric pressure.
- The present process can be designed as a dry process or a wet process:
- In a first embodiment of the dry process the redispersible polymer powder composition is metered onto the combustible material, preferably by dusting the powder onto the combustible material on the conveyor belt. The mixture of combustible material and redispersible polymer powder continues along the conveyor, and in a preferred embodiment it is treated with water or steam. Usually 0.1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 10%, and most preferably 0.1% to 2% of water or steam are contacted with the mixture of combustible material and polymer powder just before entering a mill, the amounts by weight based on the weight of combustible material. In each embodiment of the present process the water is only needed to improve the contact between the combustible material and the polymer. The amount of water also depends on the moisture content of the combustible material. Therefore depending on the glass transition temperature of the polymer and the moisture of the combustible material, in general only very low amounts of water need to be added, in contrast to prior art processes, where the water is primarily needed to transport the polymer to the coal, and therefore very high amounts are required. In this first embodiment, the thus treated mixture of combustible material and redispersible polymer powder continues along the conveyor and into the mill where they are thoroughly mixed.
- In a second embodiment the solid, combustible material is also transported along the conveyor, and is treated with water or steam in the above mentioned amounts. The redispersible polymer powder is then metered onto the coal carrying conveyor just before entering the mill, where the combustible material and polymer are thoroughly mixed.
- In a third embodiment of the dry process the redispersible polymer powder composition is metered onto the combustible material, preferably by dusting the powder onto the combustible material on the conveyor belt. The mixture of combustible material and redispersible polymer powder continues along the conveyor and into the mill where mixing begins to take place. Within the mill, water or steam in an amount as described above is introduced.
- In a fourth embodiment the redispersible polymer powder composition is metered onto the combustible material, preferably by dusting the powder onto the combustible material on the conveyor belt. The mixture of combustible material and redispersible polymer powder continues along the conveyor and into the mill where they are thoroughly mixed. When the material exits the mill, the material passes a unit where it is treated with water or steam in an amount as described above.
- In a wet process design, the solid, combustible material proceeds along the conveyor and is sprayed with an aqueous redispersion of the redispersible polymer before entering the mill, where the combustible material and polymer are thoroughly mixed. The redispersion is prepared by admixing redispersible polymer powder with water. In a further embodiment of the invention, the solid, combustible material proceeds along the conveyor, and enters the mill, wherein an aqueous redispersion of the redispersible polymer is added. The mixture is thoroughly mixed in the mill. In both these embodiments, organic diluents such as glycols, glycerine, etc. are preferably absent.
- In general the milling step is followed by a consolidation step, such as briquetting.
- The reaction between the solid, combustible material and the polymer takes place substantially in the milling step at the above defined conditions. The reaction is controlled by analytical methods well-known for this purpose in the state of art. Preferred are Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The procedures are known to those skilled in the art, as indicated by U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,624, column 6, line 34 to column 8, line 60, herein incorporated by reference.
- The inventive process reduces the complexity of raw material procurement logistics, because of the solid state of the polymer. Flat-bed transport is more economical to the end user than liquid bulk transport. At low temperatures, freezing generally destroys aqueous polymer dispersions, but does not affect redispersible polymer powders, thus not requiring the addition of diluent. The dry process allows the customer to utilize less polymer based on the fact that reaction kinetics are closely linked with proximity of reactants. Using redispersible polymer powder, the extra step required on current state of the art, i.e. diluting the aqueous polymer emulsion, is removed. Above all, the amount of water used in the process, which is detrimental to the end product, is minimized in comparison to the state of the art.
- In examples 1 to 3 a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of −7° C. was used. In examples 5 to 7 a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate homopolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of +30° C. is used.
- 1000 g of coal fines are introduced into a blender and dry-mixed with 10 g of water-redispersible polymer powder. The mix is spread out onto a metal plate and uniformly sprayed with 100 ml of water. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs.
- 1000 g of coal fines are sprayed with steam until a weight increase of 5% is measured. The wet coal fines are introduced into a blender and mixed with 10 g of water-redispersible polymer powder. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs.
- 1000 g of coal fines is sprayed with 100 g of an aqueous redispersion of the water-redispersible polymer powder with a solids content of 50%. The wet coal fines are introduced into a blender and mixed. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs.
- 1000 g of coal fines are mixed with 10 kg of a polymer dispersion based on a vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer (Tg=−7° C.) with a solids content of 50%. A dispersion with a syrup-like consistency is obtained.
- The procedure of Example 1 is followed with the exception that a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate homopolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of +30° C. is used. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs in the same manner.
- The process of Example 2 is followed with the exception that a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate homopolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of +30° C. is used. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs in the same manner.
- The process of Example 3 is followed, on the exception that a water-redispersible polymer powder composition based on a vinyl acetate homopolymer with a glass transition temperature Tg of +30° C. was used. Agglomeration of the coal fines occurs in the same manner.
- The comparison between the examples and the comparison example shows that in contrast to state of the art procedures, with the inventive process a synthetic fuel in a solid state is obtained, ready for combustion, without loss in heat energy owing to the necessity to evaporate a high amounts of water.
- In the context of the invention, and also in the claims, where water or steam is specified, a mixture of water and steam may of course be used. By the term “along a conveyor” or “on a conveyor” is meant transport over a distance irrespective of the actual construction of the conveying means. In most instances, a conveying belt, either continuous or of links, etc., may be used. However, other conveying means such as screw-type conveyors, bucket-type conveyors, pneumatic tube conveyors, and like or equivalent conveying means, i.e. any suitable means may be used.
- While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/066,059 US20060191192A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2005-02-25 | Process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/066,059 US20060191192A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2005-02-25 | Process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060191192A1 true US20060191192A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
Family
ID=36930777
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/066,059 Abandoned US20060191192A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2005-02-25 | Process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060191192A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4167398A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-09-11 | American Colloid Company | Carbonaceous briquette and method for making same |
US4304573A (en) * | 1980-01-22 | 1981-12-08 | Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. | Process of beneficiating coal and product |
US6641624B1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2003-11-04 | Ondeo Nalco Company | Method of preparing a synthetic fuel from coal |
US20050014881A1 (en) * | 2003-07-17 | 2005-01-20 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Redispersion powders comprising pozzolanic components |
-
2005
- 2005-02-25 US US11/066,059 patent/US20060191192A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4167398A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-09-11 | American Colloid Company | Carbonaceous briquette and method for making same |
US4304573A (en) * | 1980-01-22 | 1981-12-08 | Gulf & Western Industries, Inc. | Process of beneficiating coal and product |
US6641624B1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2003-11-04 | Ondeo Nalco Company | Method of preparing a synthetic fuel from coal |
US20050014881A1 (en) * | 2003-07-17 | 2005-01-20 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Redispersion powders comprising pozzolanic components |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8039563B2 (en) | Process for preparing lattices stabilized by polyvinyl alcohol | |
CN103304736B (en) | A kind of preparation method of water soluble dispersing agent | |
WO2008106993A1 (en) | Method of making cellulose/plastic pellets having a low plastic content | |
CN112961372B (en) | Lignin-based nitrogen-phosphorus-containing flame retardant, and preparation method and application thereof | |
RU2605563C2 (en) | Dry hydrolytic lignin production method | |
NO783350L (en) | TREATMENT OF PARTICULAR SHAPE MATERIAL FOR AA SUCH UNITS | |
US20060191192A1 (en) | Process for preparing a synthetic fuel from solid, combustible materials | |
EP1670830B1 (en) | Polymeric compositions containing modified polyvinyl alcohols | |
CN103665523A (en) | Efficient plastic fuel granules and preparation method thereof | |
EP3784703A1 (en) | Method for producing aqueous polymer dispersions in a tube reactor | |
EP0116608B1 (en) | Use of a lime containing waste product as a fuel | |
JPH0368690A (en) | Manufacture of water-resistant fuel aggregate | |
EP1379580B1 (en) | Process for the treatment of mixed plastic-containing waste | |
US9631766B2 (en) | Use of inorganic materials for producing composites | |
US20040010968A1 (en) | Synthetic Fuel Production Method | |
US20160102264A1 (en) | Solid fuel compositions containing lignocellulosic syrup and coal fines | |
WO2003064482A3 (en) | Process for the preparation of a copolymer of maleic anhydride and an alkyl vinyl ether, copolymers of maleic anhydride and an alkyl vinyl ether and an apparatus | |
WO2020127473A1 (en) | Process for preparing pellets for firing an industrial furnace | |
WO2007140567A2 (en) | Process for transforming expanded polystyrene into sulfonated polystyrene ionomers. | |
US4403068A (en) | Process for suppressing the formation of oversized particles of thermoplastic resin produced by an aqueous dispersion procedure | |
EP3538565A1 (en) | Continuous and modular method for producing polymer powder compositions which are redispersible in water | |
EP0655493B1 (en) | Method for transforming a compact waste product of the petrochemical industry | |
CN108276781A (en) | A kind of production technology of plastics capable of being fast degraded | |
DE102008043982B4 (en) | A method for producing heat-storing material-containing binder, binder containing heat-storing material and use of the binder | |
WO2023129675A1 (en) | Large format vinyl acetate ethylene co-polymers |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WACKER POLYMER SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FERRALL, ERIC;SPRADLING, MICHAEL;REEL/FRAME:016553/0054;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050307 TO 20050308 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WACKER CHEMIE AG, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WACKER POLYMER SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG;REEL/FRAME:021603/0608 Effective date: 20080801 Owner name: WACKER CHEMIE AG,GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WACKER POLYMER SYSTEMS GMBH & CO. KG;REEL/FRAME:021603/0608 Effective date: 20080801 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |