US20050233275A1 - Positioning device for elements of heating components, method for the operation and use thereof - Google Patents

Positioning device for elements of heating components, method for the operation and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050233275A1
US20050233275A1 US11/130,353 US13035305A US2005233275A1 US 20050233275 A1 US20050233275 A1 US 20050233275A1 US 13035305 A US13035305 A US 13035305A US 2005233275 A1 US2005233275 A1 US 2005233275A1
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heating component
relocatable
component according
elements
media
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US11/130,353
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English (en)
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Karl Gast
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heating components with a stored media, such as fluid storage reservoirs, storage heat exchangers or storage reservoirs.
  • the general state of the art discloses layer charging devices which, use differences in density, to introduce water into the layer with the same temperature as the water supplied. This has the advantage that the time taken to provide the layers on standby is reduced, which improves the use of solar heat production.
  • the storage layers must be constructed from the bottom up if the storage reservoir contains a layer with the same temperature, which may occur in particular in the case of long-term storage.
  • a heating component with stored media has a container containing a medium, and at least one relocatable element being relocatable independently of a density of the medium in the container.
  • the relocatable element provided for a heat exchange inside the heating component, without a heat exchanger or with a heat exchanger in a separate area, or outside the heating component.
  • the medium can be a storage medium or a heat transfer medium.
  • the object is achieved by at least one element of the heating component being relocatable, such as that it can be positioned, can be placed or changed in its position, for the purpose of intervention for effecting closed-loop and/or open-loop control, and/or for monitoring and/or measuring purposes.
  • the object is further achieved by at least one of the following functions being performed in the heating component: production of a bypass, media mixing, provision on standby at an appropriate temperature, interconnection of media flows and/or returns, interconnection of at least one operating device, and a distribution or a diverting function.
  • the invention also relates to a use of devices of the heating components in the form that they are used for interventions effecting closed-loop or open-loop control in heating systems, such as for interconnection of media exchange systems or charging and provision-on-standby devices.
  • the interconnecting of media exchange systems may advantageously serve for the use of low temperature levels, for the distribution of heat from sources and sinks and/or for the multiple use of operating devices of a heating system, in that for example exchange systems are switched to a pump and/or control device with the aid of the relocatability. Furthermore, temperatures of media, rooms or buildings can be controlled in this way.
  • Charging and provision-on-standby devices are used for providing media on standby at an appropriate temperature, for charging temperature levels, for providing amounts of heat on standby, mixing temperature levels, controlling the heat transfer, controlling the media exchange or heat transport within the heating component.
  • This makes it possible in comparison with the prior art to dispense with external interconnection with valves, pumps, mixers or controlling devices.
  • external mixers are only used for mixing if temperature levels are not available in the storage heat exchanger, saving on temperature levels, whereby heat produced regeneratively is less expensive.
  • the relocatability of elements can also be used for measuring the temperature level of storage reservoirs and storage heat exchangers and also for controlling safety mechanisms. For example, the preferential direction of a relocatable element allows frost-protecting mechanisms to be initiated by gravitational forces or upward-lifting forces in the end position.
  • FIG. 1 is diagrammatic, sectional view of a storage heat exchanger showing relocatable elements in the storage heat exchanger;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic, sectional view of the storage heat exchanger showing relocatability in an air medium
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic, illustration showing relocatability with matrix joining.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a fluid storage heat exchanger containing a fluid 22 .
  • the storage heat exchanger there are charging and provision-on-standby devices 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 that can be moved or positioned in the heat exchange.
  • the charging and provision-on-standby device 2 , 4 is intended for a fluid exchange
  • the charging and provision-on-standby device 1 , 3 is intended to be positioned in an exchanging area 19 of the storage heat exchanger.
  • the exchanging area 19 is supplied with a heat transfer fluid for a controlled heat exchange from an interior of the storage heat exchanger.
  • the special advantage of the exchanging area 19 is that no additional circulating energy is necessary for the heat exchange.
  • the charging and provision-on-standby device 1 , 3 there arises the problem that the exchange of the medium takes place in such a way that it is driven by the heat exchange, as a result of which the flow cannot be used for the relocatability.
  • the charging and provision-on-standby devices 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 contain the same elements.
  • a flexible line 5 from the supply line or discharge line 16 , 18 , 15 , 17 to a joining element 53 in which the fluid is conducted.
  • the joining elements 53 are conically configured here, so that the upper joining element 2 can be inserted into the lower joining element 4 , and in this way a bypass can be produced.
  • the joining element contains a gas space 6 , a baffle plate 7 , an arresting magnet 9 and a sensor 8 . With the aid of the gas space 6 , the loading and allocating 2, 4, 1, 3 is balanced in such a way that it has a preferential direction of movement as a result of gravitational forces or as a result of upward lift.
  • the charging device 2 must have a preferential direction of upward lift, since the downward movement takes place with the flow and with the aid of the baffle plate 7 .
  • the preferential direction must likewise be upward, i.e. take place with the upward lift, since here, too, the flow provides the downward positioning of the device 4 .
  • the charging and provision-on-standby devices 2 , 4 are balanced with a downward preferential direction, the gravitational force providing the downward positioning of the devices.
  • the charging and provision-on-standby device can be arrested in a position, and in this way the upward-lifting or downward-drifting or flow forces can be rendered ineffective.
  • the arresting takes place on the wall of the storage heat exchanger.
  • the determination of the position takes place with the sensor 8 , which determines for example the temperature in the storage heat exchanger or the position-dependent pressure, and as a result the arresting magnet 9 is controlled correspondingly.
  • the charging and provision-on-standby device 1 , 3 is constructed with the difference in comparison to the charging and provision-on-standby device 2 , 4 in that the flow cannot be used as a drive for a positioning direction.
  • This problem is solved by the loading and allocating devices 1 , 3 being coupled.
  • they are coupled to final control elements 20 , 21 for example cable pulls, by electromagnets 11 , 13 , these being separated and guided in a magnetically nonconducting tube 12 and being able to act in an entraining manner on magnetically conducting elements 10 , 14 .
  • Manual actuating elements or motor drives can be connected to the final control elements 20 , 21 .
  • Coupling to other charging and provision-on-standby devices that are driven by flow and preferential movement is also advantageous.
  • decoupling it must also be possible for decoupling to take place if the driven charging and provision-on-standby device is to be positioned alone and there is no connection.
  • the relocatability or moving of the charging and provision-on-standby device may take place along a guide in the storage heat exchanger, the guide predetermining the path of the relocatable element.
  • the path is advantageously provided with a slope, so that upward-lifting or downward-drifting forces can act.
  • the guidance may take place by the gravitational force or mechanically by guiding rods or tubes or cables or wires. Apart from realizing movements along a path, joining elements can also be joined together by the guide.
  • Such charging and provision-on-standby devices have the advantage that they not only introduce the fed-in fluid into the layer which has the same temperature as the fluid supplied, but also into every other desired temperature-level layer. Furthermore, a layer that can be selected as desired in terms of thickness and height can be charged or discharged. Furthermore, an exactly defined temperature can be provided for heat generators and heat consumers and/or fed back with an exactly defined temperature.
  • the joining elements in the storage heat exchanger are joined together, so that the desired temperatures are controlled under open-loop or closed-loop control by positioning the joining elements, and as a result fluid from the circulating system and the storage reservoirs can be mixed.
  • the conical joining elements have the effect that fluid from the storage reservoir and from the return is fed into the flow.
  • the position of the joining elements in relation to one another has the effect that the opening to the storage fluid is changed, so that the mixing ratio can be controlled by the positioning.
  • the proposed device has the advantage that only temperatures which are really needed can be drawn from the storage heat exchanger. As a result, unnecessary temperature reductions and circulating losses are avoided, such as the removal of fluid from the storage reservoir and immediate feeding back through the mixing valve. As a result, the ability to provide regenerative energy on standby is improved, which further improves the efficiency of solar systems.
  • the multiple function of the charging and provision-on-standby devices such as provision on standby at an appropriate temperature and/or feeding back at an appropriate temperature, producing defined layers, maintaining layers, measuring the storage heat exchanger, monitoring the storage heat exchanger or controlling room temperatures, provides good cost-effectiveness, so that these functions can be applied to circulating systems where this has previously taken place rarely or not at all, such as for example solar collector circulating systems or preheating circulating systems.
  • new functions such as loss monitoring or minimization of solar collectors, are also possible cost-effectively.
  • FIG. 2 shows charging and provision-on-standby devices 27 , 34 , 28 , 35 for a gas medium, such as air. They can be constructed and operated in precisely the same way as those for fluid, with the differences stated below.
  • the balancing of the device for drifting in a preferential direction must take place with a different gas filling, for example hydrogen, and with a greater volume of the suspended body, so that the joining element can be suspended in air.
  • the use of lighter materials facilitates the drifting capability, for example sheet materials for the flexible connection and for the joining element.
  • the balancing may also be performed, however, with balancing counterweights, which is also made possible by the easy accessibility of the air conduction.
  • baffle elements for the flow drive must be somewhat larger, since air does not provide the kinetic energy to the relocatable joining elements on account of the smaller mass.
  • a significant problem with charging and provision-on-standby devices for air is that instances of air convection can take place more readily in air channels due to leakages and losses at the insulations, which makes the stratification of the storage more unstable and, over a prolonged time, destroys it.
  • This problem is solved by the air channels 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 being made narrow, so that no great rolls of air can be produced.
  • the subdivision of the air channel into vertically separated segments 29 prevents the undesired air convection.
  • the arrangement of the relocatable joining elements 27 , 34 , 28 , 35 at the outer edges of the air channels 25 , 26 has the effect that the air flows through the segments which are enclosed by the two joining elements.
  • the charging and provision-on-standby devices for air behave in precisely the same way as those for fluid and can perform the same functions.
  • joining together of the joining elements must take place by use of at least one segment.
  • Such a segment may also be insulated with respect to the heat exchange to the storage heat exchanger.
  • the charging and provision-on-standby device for air can perform not only the functions of the device for fluid but also that of controlling the room temperature while at the same time preserving the temperature level of the layers in the storage heat exchanger. This also solves the problem that relatively expensive solar collectors would have to be used for charging large storage heat exchangers with regenerative energy, where air collectors are sufficient for preheating.
  • the charging and provision-on-standby device is suitable for example for charging solar air collectors or for heat recovery or cooling with air, while the stratification is retained or produced. This allows the primary energy demand to be lowered further and more regenerative energy to be produced, since air systems last longer, are more simple and inexpensive and can be used for the preheating of the storage heat exchanger, and fluid solar collectors produce the higher required temperature level.
  • FIG. 3 represents a storage heat exchanger with the matrix joining of charging and provision-on-standby devices 39 , 40 , 41 , 49 , 50 , 51 , it being possible for a number of such devices to be joined to one another as desired.
  • the channels 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 48 of the joining elements 39 , 40 , 41 , 49 , 50 , 51 are arranged in the form of a matrix and with a slope. At the points of intersection of the channels, the joining elements can be brought together, so that circulating systems can be interconnected with one another.
  • the upper joining elements 39 , 40 , 41 conduct the flows of a return or flow out of the plane of the drawing, while the lower joining elements 49 , 50 , 51 conduct the flows into the plane. If two joining elements meet each other at the points of intersection, they make the flows merge.
  • the exact relative positioning is established by a connection which is sealed by compliant seals such as silicone rings or brush hairs.
  • Positioning of the joining elements alongside, for instance, makes it possible for fluid to be partly received or discharged from or into the storage heat exchanger. By controlling the position, mixing of the fluid is possible in this way for provision on standby at an appropriate temperature in a circulating system.
  • the exact position of the coupling can be transferred to the control device by contacts at the points of intersection, for example by magnetic triggering by a magnet at the joining element and a magnetic sensor in the channel.
  • the exact joining position can also be activated by a pressure sensor, which detects the exact position in height in the storage heat exchanger.
  • the arrangement of the joining elements so that the flow is deflected into the horizontal makes possible on the one hand the coupling and on the other hand the positioning of the joining elements at any desired height in relation to one another.
  • the connected circulating system may be a heat source or sink at the same time, and by the positioning of the joining elements the lower joining elements is above the upper joining element or below the upper joining element.
  • the positioning of the joining elements may take place by drifting and by the flow or by motors, as already described.
  • the baffle element for the flow drive must be fitted in the line upstream of the flow deflection.
  • the coupling of circulating systems may serve not only for directly connecting the solar connector to further storage heat exchangers or for connecting storage heat exchangers to one another for heat exchange but also for operating circulating systems with common operating devices, such as a circulating device, filling device, temperature sensor or flow sensor.
  • common operating devices such as a circulating device, filling device, temperature sensor or flow sensor.
  • the operating devices are connected to a return and flow and, depending on demand, the corresponding circulating system is switched to the operating devices.
  • the storage heat exchangers can be operated autonomously, so that circulating systems do not have to be operated simultaneously. However, then the relocating cannot be performed with the flow but must be performed with motors or by a change in fluid level.
  • the use of common operating devices can be used to reduce costs or to use more expensive pumps with higher levels of efficiency, so that the operating costs can be lowered.
  • Heating components with stored media such as fluid storage reservoirs, storage heat exchangers or storage reservoirs in which elements are relocatable, accordingly have elements which can be moved, displaced or adjusted and can be brought into and/or kept in a defined location or position or place.
  • the relocation of elements in at least one medium such as gas, for example air, exhaust gas, inert gas or fluid, for example water 45 , 22 , service water, cistern water, waste water, cooling fluid, heating fluid, water with frost protecting agent, water with corrosion protecting agents or oil, allows the movement in a wide variety of heating components.
  • the relocation itself advantageously takes place in storage reservoirs with solid substances, such as sand, gravel or granules; it being possible however for driving forces to act with upward lift, downward drift and gravitational forces, in particular in gas-filled or fluid-filled channels in such storage media.
  • solid substances such as sand, gravel or granules
  • the relocatable element is a charging and provision-on-standby device 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 27 , 28 , 34 , 35 , such as a standby device, flow conduction or flow deflecting device.
  • a standby device such as a standby device, flow conduction or flow deflecting device.
  • the relocatable element is a heat-exchanging element, for example a storage heat exchanger, heat exchanger, exchanging area or heat conducting device, allows it to act as a charging and provision-on-standby device.
  • the heat-exchanging unit can also be positioned in such a way that the heat-exchanging surface area can be changed or switched in the medium.
  • external exchanging or storing devices can be adapted to a storage reservoir, so that for example undesired conduction of heat or cold can be prevented by the switching of the heat conduction.
  • the relocatable element is a relocatable part of the aforementioned devices, such as a sensor 8 , arresting device 9 , joining element 39 , 40 , 41 , 49 , 50 , 51 , final control element 20 , 21 , drive, float, suspended device 6 , baffle elements 7 , line 7 , coupling element 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , channel or valve, allows these parts to be used multiply for different charging and provision-on-standby devices. This has the effect of increasing the cost-effectiveness in the case of relatively complex heating components.
  • the drive for the relocation takes place according to the invention with at least one media drive, such as a fan or pump, allows the use of existing media flow drives and also the central arrangement and use of the drive for a number of heating components.
  • media drive such as a fan or pump
  • baffle surface areas 7 or baffle bodies for the flow-driven relocation allows a low-cost drive of relocatable elements.
  • the direction of the flow such as by the fact that the joining elements of a line or the line can rotate and/or pivot and/or tilt, or in each case a joining element of a number of differently directed joining elements is released, the direction of movement of the relocatable element can be determined or changed, so that such elements can evade obstacles or the relocation can take place without a preferential direction of movement, so that loading and reserve allocation devices can change their direction of flow, whereby they are suitable for example for heat sources and heat sinks.
  • the media level drive takes place from at least one separated area 12 , which can be changed from the level of the media, and at least one element, such as a float or baffle elements, being positioned dependent on the level of the media or the flow created when the level of the media is changed.
  • the production of an area 12 that is separated from the media is particularly advantageous. This allows the building up of protected areas which are independent of pressure and independent of media and are adapted to the relocatable elements.
  • the separated areas may be sleeves, tubes or pipes, channels, tanks, containers or vessels.
  • the filling of the separated area 12 with a medium makes possible, for example, a gas pressure in the separated area above the heating component pressure, so that the elements introduced are fluid-protected.
  • the introduction of fluid into the separated area allows the separated area 12 to be flowed through, for example by a circulating system. This allows the drive of relocatable elements to take place by the coupling of these flow-driven elements to elements in the heating component.
  • relocatable elements are located in the separated area 12 allows positioning to be carried out by this method, such as by flow or changing the level of fluid in the separated area. It is advantageous for the service life and maintenance of elements that sensitive relocatable elements, such as those which are water-sensitive, pressure-sensitive or can undergo maintenance, such as sensors, arresting device, drives or final control elements, are located in the separated area.
  • floats which can be changed by upward lift or downward drift or suspended devices which can be changed by upward lift or downward drift also allows the drive to take place flow-independently in different directions.
  • a float space may be filled with fluid and emptied, so that upward-lifting or downward-drifting forces are reversed.
  • the relocatable elements can be arrested, such as by magnets, electromagnets 9 or electromagnetically or hydraulically or pneumatically actuated fixing mechanisms, allows positioning with little movement in a storage reservoir.
  • the relocatable elements are preferably guided or conducted. This allows the elements to move on a path, so that collisions are ruled out and positioning points are found more easily, for example by joining elements.
  • channels or guides are provided with a slope 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 allows upward-lifting forces, downward-drifting forces or gravitational force also to be used as drives in a movement along a path.
  • relocatable elements 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 49 , 50 , 51 can be joined. Provision on standby at an appropriate temperature, for example from a storage reservoir, or the interconnection of circulating systems or the docking of operating devices onto circulating systems are possible as a result.
  • the coupling can be changed, such as that it can be ended or can be exchanged.
  • connections to relocatable elements or the relocatable element itself or separated area 12 are flexible, such as silicone, woven fabric, sheet-material, mats, tubes or composites. This on the one hand allows a lighter type of construction to be achieved, with compliance at the same time, whereby changes in weight have little influence on the balancing. Relocatable insulations can be easily produced from flexible composites.
  • the conductability is maintained according to the invention by the flexible parts being kept dimensionally stable, such as by inserts being wires or strips.
  • the relocatable elements are positioned dependent on sensor values, such as temperatures, of the temperature space, the supplied temperature, the discharged temperature, the position in the heating component, such as the pressure of the media or level of the media, or position-determining sensors, such as contacts, magnetic contacts or codings.
  • sensor values such as temperatures, of the temperature space, the supplied temperature, the discharged temperature, the position in the heating component, such as the pressure of the media or level of the media, or position-determining sensors, such as contacts, magnetic contacts or codings.
  • relocatable sensors 8 in particular temperature sensors, pressure sensors and/or flow sensors, most measurements occurring in the heating system can be performed with few sensors. Furthermore, as a result, measurements can be extended to circulating systems where this was previously not cost-effective.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
US11/130,353 2002-11-16 2005-05-16 Positioning device for elements of heating components, method for the operation and use thereof Abandoned US20050233275A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10254728.9 2002-11-16
DE10254728 2002-11-16
PCT/EP2003/012799 WO2004046631A1 (de) 2002-11-16 2003-11-15 Positionier-einrichtung für elemente von heizungskomponenten, verfahren zum betreiben und verwendung

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PCT/EP2003/012799 Continuation WO2004046631A1 (de) 2002-11-16 2003-11-15 Positionier-einrichtung für elemente von heizungskomponenten, verfahren zum betreiben und verwendung

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EP1561081A1 (de) 2005-08-10
US20050247430A1 (en) 2005-11-10
EP1561080A1 (de) 2005-08-10
WO2004046631A1 (de) 2004-06-03

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