US20020038051A1 - Raney copper - Google Patents
Raney copper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020038051A1 US20020038051A1 US09/783,387 US78338701A US2002038051A1 US 20020038051 A1 US20020038051 A1 US 20020038051A1 US 78338701 A US78338701 A US 78338701A US 2002038051 A1 US2002038051 A1 US 2002038051A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- raney
- catalyst
- copper
- copper catalyst
- alcohols
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 polyether glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-alanine Chemical compound NCCC(O)=O UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(N)C(O)=O QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sarcosine Chemical compound C[NH2+]CC([O-])=O FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BYACHAOCSIPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCN(CCO)CCO BYACHAOCSIPLCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JCBPETKZIGVZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(N)CO JCBPETKZIGVZRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanolamine Chemical compound NCCCO WUGQZFFCHPXWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyphosate Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCP(O)(O)=O XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylglycine Chemical class CN(C)CC(O)=O FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylethanolamine Chemical compound CNCCO OPKOKAMJFNKNAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical class [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010077895 Sarcosine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940000635 beta-alanine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCQKIXZMVJQAMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyethylamino)methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OCCNCP(O)(O)=O SCQKIXZMVJQAMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIINGYXNCHTJTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-azaniumylethylamino)acetate Chemical class NCCNCC(O)=O PIINGYXNCHTJTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHGYLUFLENKZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-aminopropylamino)acetic acid Chemical class NCCCNCC(O)=O DHGYLUFLENKZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHKSKVKCKMGRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethanol Chemical compound NCCCNCCO GHKSKVKCKMGRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJDSTRZHPWMDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCNCCO LJDSTRZHPWMDPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRWZZMHRVSMLCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(butylazaniumyl)acetate Chemical class CCCCNCC(O)=O RRWZZMHRVSMLCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWSZDQRGNFLMJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCN(CCO)CCCC IWSZDQRGNFLMJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSZZKYYCIQQWKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dibutylazaniumyl)acetate Chemical class CCCCN(CC(O)=O)CCCC NSZZKYYCIQQWKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCNCCO MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQSMGBAUYCTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(nonylamino)acetic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCNCC(O)=O RQSMGBAUYCTENZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KENZMUABEDKNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(nonylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCNCCO KENZMUABEDKNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RILLZYSZSDGYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)NCCO RILLZYSZSDGYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEPOIJKOXBKKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(propan-2-ylazaniumyl)acetate Chemical class CC(C)NCC(O)=O HEPOIJKOXBKKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OECIDZZGUZGWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-aminoethyl(ethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical class NCCN(CC)CC(O)=O OECIDZZGUZGWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUIXOJJCTJVSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-aminoethyl(ethyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound NCCN(CC)CCO PUIXOJJCTJVSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHRGNKUNRVABBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-hydroxyethyl(propan-2-yl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(C(C)C)CCO HHRGNKUNRVABBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORSDUKBOFJDQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-aminopropyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CN(C)CCCN ORSDUKBOFJDQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOQYWMZLTNEIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-aminopropyl(methyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCCN UOQYWMZLTNEIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVNHOISKXMSMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[butyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCN(CCO)CCO GVNHOISKXMSMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWVBXWRCQNSAKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[butyl(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical class CCCCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O WWVBXWRCQNSAKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHHFAXFIUXRVSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carboxymethyl(ethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC)CC(O)=O QHHFAXFIUXRVSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWSGEVNYFYKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carboxymethyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CN(C)CC(O)=O XWSGEVNYFYKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWJJXDLQNGBAOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carboxymethyl(propan-2-yl)amino]acetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CN(C(C)C)CC(O)=O IWJJXDLQNGBAOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCO BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCN(C)C Chemical compound CCCN(C)C ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGXDXUYKISDCAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-diethylglycine Chemical class CCN(CC)CC(O)=O SGXDXUYKISDCAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZIHIQIVLANVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O AZIHIQIVLANVKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethyldiethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CC)CCO AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPIGGYHFMKJNKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylglycine Chemical class CC[NH2+]CC([O-])=O YPIGGYHFMKJNKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010065338 N-ethylglycine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 108700003601 dimethylglycine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071106 ethylenediaminetetraacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005181 hydroxyalkylaminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940078490 n,n-dimethylglycine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043230 sarcosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023144 sodium glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QFJIELFEXWAVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-H tetrachloroplatinum(2+) dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl QFJIELFEXWAVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEJAMASKDTUEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,1,3-tribromo-2,2-dimethylpropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(C)(C)C(Br)(Br)OP(=O)(OC(Br)(Br)C(C)(C)CBr)OC(Br)(Br)C(C)(C)CBr JEJAMASKDTUEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C229/16—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. ethylenediamine-tetra-acetic acid, iminodiacetic acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8926—Copper and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J25/00—Catalysts of the Raney type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/02—Formation of carboxyl groups in compounds containing amino groups, e.g. by oxidation of amino alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/295—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with inorganic bases, e.g. by alkali fusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/847—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
- B01J23/8472—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/86—Chromium
- B01J23/868—Chromium copper and chromium
Definitions
- This invention relates to Raney copper, to a process for the production thereof and to a process for dehydrogenating alcohols.
- the present invention provides Raney copper which is characterised in that it is doped with at least one metal from the group comprising iron and/or noble metal.
- Doping may be achieved both by alloying the doping element with the Raney alloy, which consists of copper and aluminium, and by impregnating the previously prepared Raney copper with the doping element.
- Raney alloy which consists of copper and aluminium
- the Raney copper according to the invention may contain the doping elements in a quantity of 10 ppm to 5 wt. %.
- Noble metal doping may amount to 10 to 50000 ppm, preferably 500 to 50000 ppm.
- the doping metals may be selected from the group comprising iron and palladium, platinum, gold, rhenium, silver, iridium, ruthenium and/or rhodium.
- the Raney copper according to the invention may comprise meso- and macropores, but no micropores.
- the inital formed alloy can contain more than 50% Cu so that the finished catalyst contains more residual Al than normally found under the same activation conditions.
- the initial formed alloy can be heat treated in air temperatures higher than 500° C. activation.
- the initial formed alloy can contain more than 50% Cu and heat treated in air temperatures higher than 500 ° C. before activation.
- the average particle size of the Raney copper according to the invention may be 35 ⁇ 30 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the Raney copper according to the invention is of significance during use in oxidation reactions or alcohol dehydrogenation reactions.
- Raney copper forms granules (agglomerates), so deactivating the Raney copper.
- the Raney copper according to the invention doped with iron and/or noble metal is not deactivated by unwanted granulation.
- the Raney copper according to the invention may readily be filtered.
- the Raney copper according to the invention exhibits greater activity in the dehydrogenation of ethylene glycol than the Cr/Raney copper according to EP 0 620 209 A1 or U.S. Pat, No. 5,292,936.
- the Raney copper according to the invention furthermore advantageously contains no toxic metals, such as chromium for example.
- the present invention also provides a process for the production of the Raney copper, which process is characterised in that a copper/aluminium alloy is activated by means of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the catalyst is washed, suspended in water, an iron salt or noble metal salt solution is added to this suspension, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to a value from 4 to 11, the catalyst is separated from the solution and washed.
- the present invention also provides a process for the production of the Raney copper, which process is characterised in that the doping metal is alloyed together with copper and aluminium, is then activated by means of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and the catalyst is washed.
- the present invention also provides a process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, which process is characterised in that a Raney copper doped with iron or noble metal is used as the catalyst.
- the process according to the invention for the dehydrogenation of alcohols may be used for dehydrogenating glycols and/or aminoalcohols.
- the catalyst may be used in the form of a suspension for such reactions.
- the alcohols which may be dehydrogenated according to the invention may be mono- or polyhydric alcohols.
- Said alcohols, including polyether glycols, may be aliphatic, cyclic or aromatic compounds which react with a strong base to yield the carboxylate.
- Suitable primary, monohydric alcohols may include: aliphatic alcohols, which may be branched, linear, cyclic or aromatic alcohols, such as for example benzyl alcohol, wherein these alcohols may be substituted with various groups which are stable in bases.
- Suitable aliphatic alcohols may be ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol or the like.
- glycols may be oxidised or dehydrogenated to yield carboxylic acids.
- Glycols may, for example, be:
- Aminoalcohols may also be dehydrogenated with the doped Raney copper according to the invention to yield the corresponding aminocarboxylic acids.
- the amino alcohols may have 1 to 50 C atoms.
- N-methylethanolamine to yield sarcosine
- THEEDA tetrahydroxyethylethylenediamine
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetate
- monoethanolamine to yield glycine
- diethanolamine to yield iminodiacetic acid
- 3-amino-1-propanol to yield beta-alanine
- 2-amino-1-butanol to yield 2-aminobutyric acid.
- the process according to the invention may be used to dehydrogenate aminoalcohols of the formula
- R 1 and R 2 each mean hydrogen; hydroxyethyl; —CH 2 CO 2 H; an alkyl group having 1 to 18 C atoms; an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 3 C atoms; a hydroxyalkylaminoalkyl group having 2 to 3 C atoms and phosphonomethyl.
- aminoalcohols which may be used according to the invention are known. If R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, the aminoalcohol is diethanolamine.
- R 1 and R 2 are hydroxyethyl
- the aminoalcohol is triethanolamine.
- the resultant aminocarboxylic acid salts of these starting aminoalcohols should be the salts of glycine, iminodiacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid respectively.
- Further aminoalcohols comprise N-methylethanolamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, N-isopropylethanolamine, N-butylethanolamine, N-nonylethanolamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)ethanolamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)ethanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, N,N-dibutylethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-isopropyldiethanolamine, N-butyldiethanolamine, N-ethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-ethanolamine, N-methyl-N-(3-aminopropyl)ethanolamine, tetra(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine and the like.
- aminocarboxylic acid salts are the salts of N-methylglycine, N,N-dimethylglycine, N-ethylglycine, N-isopropylglycine, N-butylglycine, N-nonylglycine, N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-glycine, N,N-diethylglycine, N,N-dibutylglycine, N-methyliminodiacetic acid, N-ethyliminodiacetic acid, N-isopropyliminodiacetic acid, N-butyliminodiacetic acid, N-ethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine, N-methyl-N-(3-aminopropyl)glycine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid etc.
- the resultant acid would be N-alkyl-N-phosphonomethylglycine, which may be converted into N-phosphonomethylglycine in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 5,068,404.
- the process according to the invention may be performed at a temperature of 50 to 250° C., preferably of 80 to 200° C., and at a pressure of 0.1 to 200 bar, preferably at standard pressure to 50 bar.
- the pressure is required because the alcohols have an elevated vapour pressure. If the pressure were too low, the alcohol would also be discharged when the hydrogen was discharged.
- a 50% Cu/50% Al alloy is activated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- the corresponding catalyst is washed until the sodium aluminate has been completely removed.
- Chromium nitrate is added to the suspension of the washed catalyst, the pH value adjusted, stirring of the suspension is continued and the doped catalyst washed once more.
- the chromium content in the catalyst is 2000 ppm.
- the activity of this catalyst for dehydrogenating ethylene glycol is 253 ml of hydrogen per hour per gram of catalyst.
- a Cu/Al/V alloy is activated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- the corresponding catalyst is washed until the sodium aluminate has been completely removed.
- the content of V in the catalyst is 1%.
- the activity of the catalyst for dehydrogenating ethylene glycol is 253 ml of hydrogen per hour per gram of catalyst.
- the Example illustrates the conversion of diethanolamine (DEA) to yield the sodium salt of iminodiacetic acid (IDA) with Pt-doped Raney copper as catalyst.
- the tests are performed in a 2 L Büchi autoclave.
- the autoclave is equipped with a sparging agitator, which is operated at a standard speed of 500 min-1(sic).
- the autoclave is equipped with a jacket.
- the temperature in the autoclave may be adjusted by means of a temperature controlled oil bath.
- Raney copper (Degussa catalyst BFX 3113W) is used under the conditions of Example 5.
- the Raney copper exhibits distinct deactivation after only a few batches. (Table 3) TABLE 3 Conversion of diethanolamine on Raney copper Number of batches with catalyst IDA yield [mol %] 1 91.6 2 82.8 3 68.3 4 51.3
- FIG. 1 shows the advantage of the catalyst according to the invention illustrated by the example of the dehydrogenation or conversion of diethanolamine to yield iminodiacetic acid.
- the catalyst according to the invention exhibits a distinctly longer service life than the undoped Raney catalyst.
Abstract
Raney copper which is doped with at least one metal from the group comprising iron and/or noble metals is used as a catalyst in the dehydrogenation of alcohols.
Description
- This application claims priority to EP Application No. 00 103 546.8, filed on Feb. 18, 2000, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/198,755, filed Apr. 21, 2000, the subject matter of each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to Raney copper, to a process for the production thereof and to a process for dehydrogenating alcohols.
- 2. Background Information
- It is known to dehydrogenate diethanolamine to yield iminodiacetic acid (U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,000; WO 96/01146; WO 92/06949; published patent application JP 091 55 195; U.S. Pat. No. 5,292,936; U.S. Pat, No. 5,367,112; CA 212 10 20).
- The present invention provides Raney copper which is characterised in that it is doped with at least one metal from the group comprising iron and/or noble metal.
- Doping may be achieved both by alloying the doping element with the Raney alloy, which consists of copper and aluminium, and by impregnating the previously prepared Raney copper with the doping element.
- The Raney copper according to the invention may contain the doping elements in a quantity of 10 ppm to 5 wt. %. Noble metal doping may amount to 10 to 50000 ppm, preferably 500 to 50000 ppm. The doping metals may be selected from the group comprising iron and palladium, platinum, gold, rhenium, silver, iridium, ruthenium and/or rhodium.
- The Raney copper according to the invention may comprise meso- and macropores, but no micropores.
- The inital formed alloy can contain more than 50% Cu so that the finished catalyst contains more residual Al than normally found under the same activation conditions.
- The initial formed alloy can be heat treated in air temperatures higher than 500° C. activation. The initial formed alloy can contain more than 50% Cu and heat treated in air temperatures higher than500° C. before activation.
- The average particle size of the Raney copper according to the invention may be 35±30 μm.
- The average particle size of the Raney copper according to the invention is of significance during use in oxidation reactions or alcohol dehydrogenation reactions.
- On repeated use, known Raney copper forms granules (agglomerates), so deactivating the Raney copper.
- The Raney copper according to the invention doped with iron and/or noble metal is not deactivated by unwanted granulation. Advantageously, the Raney copper according to the invention may readily be filtered.
- The Raney copper according to the invention exhibits greater activity in the dehydrogenation of ethylene glycol than the Cr/Raney copper according to
EP 0 620 209 A1 or U.S. Pat, No. 5,292,936. - The Raney copper according to the invention furthermore advantageously contains no toxic metals, such as chromium for example.
- The present invention also provides a process for the production of the Raney copper, which process is characterised in that a copper/aluminium alloy is activated by means of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the catalyst is washed, suspended in water, an iron salt or noble metal salt solution is added to this suspension, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to a value from 4 to 11, the catalyst is separated from the solution and washed.
- The present invention also provides a process for the production of the Raney copper, which process is characterised in that the doping metal is alloyed together with copper and aluminium, is then activated by means of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and the catalyst is washed.
- The present invention also provides a process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, which process is characterised in that a Raney copper doped with iron or noble metal is used as the catalyst.
- The process according to the invention for the dehydrogenation of alcohols may be used for dehydrogenating glycols and/or aminoalcohols. The catalyst may be used in the form of a suspension for such reactions.
- The alcohols which may be dehydrogenated according to the invention may be mono- or polyhydric alcohols. Said alcohols, including polyether glycols, may be aliphatic, cyclic or aromatic compounds which react with a strong base to yield the carboxylate.
- It is necessary in this connection that the alcohol and the resultant carboxylate are stable in a strongly basic solution and that the alcohol is at least somewhat soluble in water.
- Suitable primary, monohydric alcohols may include: aliphatic alcohols, which may be branched, linear, cyclic or aromatic alcohols, such as for example benzyl alcohol, wherein these alcohols may be substituted with various groups which are stable in bases.
- Suitable aliphatic alcohols may be ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol or the like.
- According to the invention, glycols may be oxidised or dehydrogenated to yield carboxylic acids. Glycols may, for example, be:
- ethylene glycol
- propylene glycol
- 1,3-propanediol
- butylene glycol
- 1,4-butanediol
- It is thus possible, for example, to dehydrogenate ethylene is glycol to yield glycolic acid (monocarboxylic acid) and to produce the dicarboxylic acid oxalic acid by subsequent reaction with KOH.
- Aminoalcohols may also be dehydrogenated with the doped Raney copper according to the invention to yield the corresponding aminocarboxylic acids. The amino alcohols may have 1 to 50 C atoms.
- It is accordingly possible, for example, to dehydrogenate N-methylethanolamine to yield sarcosine; THEEDA (tetrahydroxyethylethylenediamine) to yield the tetrasodium salt of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate); monoethanolamine to yield glycine; diethanolamine to yield iminodiacetic acid; 3-amino-1-propanol to yield beta-alanine; 2-amino-1-butanol to yield 2-aminobutyric acid.
-
- in which R1 and R2 each mean hydrogen; hydroxyethyl; —CH2CO2H; an alkyl group having 1 to 18 C atoms; an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 3 C atoms; a hydroxyalkylaminoalkyl group having 2 to 3 C atoms and phosphonomethyl.
- The aminoalcohols which may be used according to the invention are known. If R1 and R2 are hydrogen, the aminoalcohol is diethanolamine.
- If R1 and R2 are hydroxyethyl, the aminoalcohol is triethanolamine. The resultant aminocarboxylic acid salts of these starting aminoalcohols should be the salts of glycine, iminodiacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid respectively. Further aminoalcohols comprise N-methylethanolamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, N-isopropylethanolamine, N-butylethanolamine, N-nonylethanolamine, N-(2-aminoethyl)ethanolamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)ethanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, N,N-dibutylethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-isopropyldiethanolamine, N-butyldiethanolamine, N-ethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-ethanolamine, N-methyl-N-(3-aminopropyl)ethanolamine, tetra(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine and the like.
- Further examples of aminocarboxylic acid salts are the salts of N-methylglycine, N,N-dimethylglycine, N-ethylglycine, N-isopropylglycine, N-butylglycine, N-nonylglycine, N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-glycine, N,N-diethylglycine, N,N-dibutylglycine, N-methyliminodiacetic acid, N-ethyliminodiacetic acid, N-isopropyliminodiacetic acid, N-butyliminodiacetic acid, N-ethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine, N-methyl-N-(3-aminopropyl)glycine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid etc.
- R1 or R2 may also be a phosphonomethyl group, wherein the starting amino compound may be N-phosphonomethylethanolamine and the resultant amino acid N-phosphonomethylglycine. If, of R1 or R2, one R=phosphonomethyl and the other R=—CH2CH2OH, the resultant amino acid would be N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid, which may be converted in known manner into N-phosphonomethylglycine. If, of R1 or R2, one R=phosphonomethyl and the other R is an alkyl group, the resultant acid would be N-alkyl-N-phosphonomethylglycine, which may be converted into N-phosphonomethylglycine in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 5,068,404.
- The process according to the invention may be performed at a temperature of 50 to 250° C., preferably of 80 to 200° C., and at a pressure of 0.1 to 200 bar, preferably at standard pressure to 50 bar.
- The pressure is required because the alcohols have an elevated vapour pressure. If the pressure were too low, the alcohol would also be discharged when the hydrogen was discharged.
- An alloy consisting of 50% Cu/50% Al is activated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The corresponding catalyst is washed until the sodium aluminate has been completely removed. Hexachloroplatinum is then added to the suspension of the washed catalyst. The pH value is adjusted and stirring of the suspension is continued. The doped catalyst is then washed. The platinum content of the catalyst is 1%. The activity of this catalyst for dehydrogenating ethylene glycol is 299 ml of hydrogen per hour per gram of catalyst (c.f. Example 3).
- An alloy consisting of 50% Cu/50% Al is activated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The corresponding catalyst is washed until the sodium aluminate has been completely removed. Iron(III) chloride is then added to the suspension of the washed catalyst. The pH value is adjusted and stirring of the suspension is continued. The doped catalyst is then washed. The iron content of the catalyst is 3%.
- Dehydrogenation of ethylene glycol to yield sodium glycolate and sodium oxalate by means of the activated catalyst according to the Example is performed at 108° C. and atmospheric pressure. 70 ml of ethylene glycol are first added to a heterogeneous suspension of 8 grams of catalyst and 70 ml of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The suspension is stirred at 400 rpm. The rate of reaction is measured by means of the quantity of hydrogen evolved between 30 and 90 minutes from the beginning of the reaction. The results are stated as ml of hydrogen per hour per gram of catalyst. The activity of this catalyst for dehydrogenating ethylene glycol is 299 ml of hydrogen per hour per gram of catalyst.
- An alloy consisting of 50% Cu/50% Al is activated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The corresponding catalyst is washed until the sodium aluminate has been completely removed. The activity of this catalyst for dehydrogenating ethylene glycol is 205 ml of hydrogen per hour per gram of catalyst.
- A 50% Cu/50% Al alloy is activated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The corresponding catalyst is washed until the sodium aluminate has been completely removed. Chromium nitrate is added to the suspension of the washed catalyst, the pH value adjusted, stirring of the suspension is continued and the doped catalyst washed once more. The chromium content in the catalyst is 2000 ppm. The activity of this catalyst for dehydrogenating ethylene glycol is 253 ml of hydrogen per hour per gram of catalyst.
- A Cu/Al/V alloy is activated with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The corresponding catalyst is washed until the sodium aluminate has been completely removed. The content of V in the catalyst is 1%. The activity of the catalyst for dehydrogenating ethylene glycol is 253 ml of hydrogen per hour per gram of catalyst.
- Production of iminodiacetic acid with platinum on Raney copper as catalyst.
- The Example illustrates the conversion of diethanolamine (DEA) to yield the sodium salt of iminodiacetic acid (IDA) with Pt-doped Raney copper as catalyst.
- The tests are performed in a 2 L Büchi autoclave. The autoclave is equipped with a sparging agitator, which is operated at a standard speed of 500 min-1(sic). The autoclave is equipped with a jacket. The temperature in the autoclave may be adjusted by means of a temperature controlled oil bath.
- The following materials are initially introduced into the autoclave:
- 318.8 g of diethanolamine (3 mol)
- 508 g of aqueous NaOH solution (50 wt. %, 6.3 mol NaOH)
- 64 g of catalyst according to the invention: 1% Pt on Raney copper stored under water
- 370 g of H2O, ultrasonically degassed
- The autoclave is pressurised to 10 bar with nitrogen and adjusted to the reaction temperature (TR=160° C.). Once the reaction has begun, the evolved hydrogen is discharged, with the released quantity being determined by means of a dry gas meter. The reaction is terminated after a period of 5 h and the autoclave cooled. The reaction products are flushed from the autoclave with degassed water, the catalyst filtered out and the dehydrogenation products analysed by ion chromatography.
- As Table 1 shows, the catalyst used may be recycled repeatedly without appreciable loss of activity.
TABLE 1 Conversion of diethanolamine on Pt-doped Raney copper Number of batches with catalyst IDA yield [mol %] 1 94.3 2 92.5 3 98.6 4 96.8 5 95.0 6 94.7 7 90.9 8 91.8 9 93.4 10 95.8 11 97.7 12 93.5 13 95.7 14 92.6 15 90.0 16 n.d. 17 n.d. 18 95.2 - Production of iminodiacetic acid with iron on Raney copper as catalyst.
- The following materials are initially introduced into a 2 L autoclave:
- 318.8 g of diethanolamine (3 mol)
- 508 g of aqueous NaOH solution (50 wt. %, 6.3 mol NaOH)
- 64 g of catalyst according to the invention: 3% Fe on Raney copper stored under water
- 370 g of H2O, ultrasonically degassed
- The test is performed in a similar manner to Example 5. The yields listed in Table 2 are achieved; no deactivation of the catalyst is observable even after repeated use of the catalyst.
TABLE 2 Conversion of diethanolamine on Fe-doped Raney copper Number of batches with catalyst IDA yield [mol %] 1 95.3 2 99.1 3 99.0 4 n.d. 5 n.d. 6 91.9 7 n.d. 8 n.d. 9 n.d. 10 93.7 11 n.d. 12 n.d. 13 n.d. 14 94.0 - Production of iminodiacetic acid on undoped Raney copper.
- Pure Raney copper (Degussa catalyst BFX 3113W) is used under the conditions of Example 5. The Raney copper exhibits distinct deactivation after only a few batches. (Table 3)
TABLE 3 Conversion of diethanolamine on Raney copper Number of batches with catalyst IDA yield [mol %] 1 91.6 2 82.8 3 68.3 4 51.3 - Production of glycine with platinum on Raney copper as catalyst.
- The following materials are initially introduced into the 2 L autoclave:
307 g of monoethanolamine (5 mol) 420 g of aqueous NaOH solution (50 wt. %, 5.25 mol NaOH) 64 g of catalyst according to the invention: 1% Pt on Raney copper stored under water 400 g of H2O; ultrasonically degassed - The test is performed in a similar manner to Example 5. The yields listed in Table 4 are achieved. No deactivation of the catalyst is observable even after repeated use of the catalyst.
TABLE 4 Conversion of monoethanolamine on Pt-doped Raney copper Number of batches with catalyst Glycine yield [mol %] 1 98.5 2 97.5 3 n.d. 4 n.d. 5 98.1 - Production of β-alanine with platinum on Raney copper as catalyst.
- The following materials are initially introduced into the 2 L autoclave:
380 g of 3-amino-1-propanol (5 mol) 422 g of aqueous NaOH solution (50 wt. %, 5.25 mol NaOH) 64 g of catalyst according to the invention: 1% Pt on Raney copper stored under water 250 g of H2O; ultrasonically degassed - The test is performed in a similar manner to Example 5. The yields listed in Table 5 are achieved. No deactivation of the catalyst is observable even after repeated use of the catalyst.
TABLE 5 Conversion of 3-amino-1-propanol on Pt-doped Raney copper Number of batches with catalyst β-Alanine yield [mol %] 1 98.2 2 98.5 3 n.d. 4 n.d. 5 98.3 - Production of 2-aminobutyric acid with platinum on Raney copper as catalyst.
- The following materials are initially introduced into the 2 L autoclave:
460 g of 2-amino-1-butanol (5 mol) 392 g of aqueous NaOH solution (50 wt. %, 5.25 mol NaOH) 64 g of catalyst according to the invention: 1% Pt on Raney copper stored under water 140 g of H2O; ultrasonically degassed - The test is performed in a similar manner to Example 5. The yields listed in Table 6 are achieved. No deactivation of the catalyst is observable even after repeated use of the catalyst.
TABLE 6 Conversion of 2-amino-1-butanol on Pt-doped Raney copper Number of batches with 2-Amino-1-butyric acid yield catalyst [mol %] 1 99.2 2 98.1 3 n.d. 4 n.d. 5 98.9 - FIG. 1 shows the advantage of the catalyst according to the invention illustrated by the example of the dehydrogenation or conversion of diethanolamine to yield iminodiacetic acid.
- The catalyst according to the invention exhibits a distinctly longer service life than the undoped Raney catalyst.
Claims (28)
1. Raney copper which is doped with at least one metal from the group comprising iron and/or noble metals.
2. A process for the production of the Raney copper according to claim 1 , wherein a copper/aluminium alloy is activated by means of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the catalyst is washed, suspended in water, an iron salt or noble metal salt solution is added to this suspension, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to a value from 4 to 11, the catalyst is separated from the solution and washed.
3. A process for the production of the Raney copper according to claim 1 , wherein the doping metal is alloyed together with copper and aluminium, and is activated by means of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and the catalyst is washed.
4. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols, wherein a Raney copper according to claim 1 is used as catalyst.
5. A Raney-copper catalyst according to claim 2 where the doping elements are Re, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Rh, Ir, Ru, Fe and/or mixtures of them.
6. A Raney-copper catalyst according to claim 3 where the doping elements are Re, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Rh, Ir, Ru, Fe and/or mixtures of them.
7. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 2 is used.
8. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 3 is used.
9. A Raney-Copper catalyst wherein the initial alloy contains more than 50% Cu so that the finished catalyst contains more residual Al than normally found under the same activation conditions.
10. A Raney-Copper catalyst doped as described in claim 1 wherein the initial alloy contains more than 50% Cu so that the finished catalyst contains more residual Al than normally found under the same activation conditions.
11. A Raney-Copper catalyst doped as described in claim 2 where the initial alloy contains more than 50% Cu so that the finished catalyst contains more residual Al than normally found under the same activation conditions.
12. A Raney-Copper catalyst doped as described in claim 3 where the initial alloy contains more than 50% Cu so that the finished catalyst contains more residual Al than normally found under the same activation conditions.
13. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 9 is used.
14. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 10 is used.
15. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 11 is used.
16. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 12 is used.
17. A Raney-Copper catalyst wherein the initial alloy is heat treated in air at temperatures higher than 500° C. before activation.
18. A Raney-Copper catalyst doped according to claim 1 wherein the initial alloy is heat treated in air at temperatures higher than 500° C. before activation.
19. A Raney-Copper catalyst doped according to claim 2 wherein the initial alloy is heat treated in air at temperatures higher than 500° C. before activation.
20. A Raney-Copper catalyst doped according to claim 3 wherein the initial alloy is heat treated in air at temperatures higher than 500° C. before activation.
21. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein one a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 17 is used.
22. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 18 is used.
23. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxyllic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 19 is used.
24. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 20 is used.
26. A Raney-Copper catalyst where the initial alloy has more than 50% Cu and is heat treated past 500° C. in air.
27. A Raney-copper alloy doped according to one of claims 1-3 or 5-6, wherein the initial alloy has more than 50% Cu and is heat treated past 500° C. in air
28. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxylic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 25 is used.
29. A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols to their corresponding carbonyls and carboxyllic acids, wherein a Raney-Copper catalyst according to claim 26 is used.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/783,387 US20020038051A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-02-15 | Raney copper |
GB0319142A GB2389993B (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2002-02-13 | Relay for personal interpreter |
CA2438412A CA2438412C (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2002-02-13 | Relay for personal interpreter |
US10/266,588 US6794331B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-10-09 | Raney copper |
US10/871,860 US20040260120A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2004-06-18 | Raney copper |
US11/756,921 US7632967B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2007-06-01 | Raney copper |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00103546 | 2000-02-18 | ||
EP00103546.8 | 2000-02-18 | ||
US19875500P | 2000-04-21 | 2000-04-21 | |
US09/783,387 US20020038051A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-02-15 | Raney copper |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/266,588 Continuation US6794331B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-10-09 | Raney copper |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20020038051A1 true US20020038051A1 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
Family
ID=27222922
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/783,387 Abandoned US20020038051A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-02-15 | Raney copper |
US10/266,588 Expired - Lifetime US6794331B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-10-09 | Raney copper |
US10/871,860 Abandoned US20040260120A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2004-06-18 | Raney copper |
US11/756,921 Expired - Fee Related US7632967B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2007-06-01 | Raney copper |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/266,588 Expired - Lifetime US6794331B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-10-09 | Raney copper |
US10/871,860 Abandoned US20040260120A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2004-06-18 | Raney copper |
US11/756,921 Expired - Fee Related US7632967B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2007-06-01 | Raney copper |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (4) | US20020038051A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070270306A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
US20030125200A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
US6794331B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 |
US20040260120A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
US7632967B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 |
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