US20010050443A1 - Method and apparatus for diffusing ozone gas into liquid - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for diffusing ozone gas into liquid Download PDFInfo
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- US20010050443A1 US20010050443A1 US09/294,288 US29428899A US2001050443A1 US 20010050443 A1 US20010050443 A1 US 20010050443A1 US 29428899 A US29428899 A US 29428899A US 2001050443 A1 US2001050443 A1 US 2001050443A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- membrane
- passageway
- vortex
- ozone
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
- B01F23/2322—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles using columns, e.g. multi-staged columns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
- B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
- B01F25/31421—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction the conduit being porous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
- B01F25/53—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle in which the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle through a recirculation tube, into which an additional component is introduced
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
- B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
- B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
- B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
- B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
- B01F23/237613—Ozone
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the art of cleaning and sterilization, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for diffusing ozone gas into a liquid which is used for these purposes.
- Ozone is vastly superior to chlorine and other commonly used sanitizing agents which are toxic and must be removed after use. Ozone is also a much stronger sanitizing agent than such other fluids.
- Water is a desirable vehicle for carrying ozone gas to and from the object or objects that are to be cleaned or sanitized.
- Various methods of diffusing ozone gas into water have been proposed in the art.
- prior art methods are generally inefficient and result in a relatively low concentration of diffused ozone.
- the method disclosed in the above referenced patent to Siegel for example, involves bubbling the ozone gas into the water using a ceramic diffuser.
- an ozone diffuser which includes an outer tube having a tubular porous membrane disposed coaxially therein.
- An annular space is defined between the inner surface of the tubular member and the outer surface of the membrane into which ozone gas is applied.
- the pressure difference results in a high concentration of ozone in the water.
- the vortex also produces a shearing effect which breaks up the ozone bubbles and increases the diffusion efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram illustrating a cleaning or sanitizing system including an ozone diffuser according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the present ozone diffuser
- FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the diffuser taken on a line III-III of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view illustrating a water inlet of the diffuser taken on a line IV-IV of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view illustrating an ozone inlet of the diffuser taken on a line V-V of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cleaning or sanitizing system 10 including an ozone diffuser 12 according to the present invention.
- the system 10 includes a tank 14 which contains objects (not shown), e.g. fruit or other agricultural products, which are to be cleaned or sanitized.
- Water having ozone gas diffused therein is circulated through the tank 14 in contact with the objects to be cleaned or sanitized. More specifically, a pump 16 draws water from the lower end of the tank 14 through a conduit 18 and applies this water to a water inlet 20 of the diffuser 12 through a conduit 22 as indicated by arrows. Ozone gas from an ozone source 24 is applied to one or more ozone gas inlets 26 (only one inlet is shown) of the diffuser 12 through a conduit 28 . Water having ozone gas diffused therein is applied through a water outlet 30 and a conduit 32 into the upper end of the water tank 14 through which it circulates to clean or sanitize the objects therein.
- the ozone source 24 per se is not the particular subject matter of the invention and will not be described in detail.
- the source 24 can be constructed to convert oxygen gas into ozone gas using corona discharge in a known manner.
- the present ozone diffuser 12 is illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 5 , and includes an outer tubular member 40 which has an upper section 42 and a lower section 44 which is fixed to the upper section 42 by a flange and bolt arrangement 46 .
- the upper member 40 has a stepped inner surface including a large diameter surface 46 which terminates at its upper end in a small diameter surface 48 .
- the lower member 44 has an inner surface 50 with the same diameter as the surface 48 .
- a porous membrane 52 is coaxially mounted inside the member 40 and has an outer diameter which is substantially the same as the inner diameters of the surfaces 48 and 50 .
- the membrane 52 is held at its upper end within the surface 48 , and at its lower end within the surface 50 .
- a first passageway 54 or annular space is defined between the inner surface 46 of the tubular member 40 and a first or outer surface 55 of the membrane 52 .
- the upper end portion of the tubular member 40 and the interior of the membrane 52 as defined by a second surface 57 thereof constitutes a second passageway 56 .
- the diffuser 12 is oriented substantially vertically, with the longitudinal axis of the second passageway 56 also being oriented vertically.
- the water inlet 20 opens into the upper end portion of the passageway 56 , whereas the water outlet 30 leads out of the lower end portion of the passageway 56 .
- the ozone inlet 28 opens into, preferably, the central portion of the first passageway 54 and fills the passageway 54 with ozone gas at a positive pressure.
- the passageway 54 does not have an outlet.
- water is applied through the inlet 20 into the second passageway 56 .
- the tubular member 40 and membrane 52 are configured such that the water flows downwardly through the passageway 56 in the form of a helical vortex as indicated by arrows 58 .
- the vortex creates a negative pressure on the inner surface of the membrane 52 due to the Bernoulli effect as is known in the art per se.
- the pressure difference between the opposite surfaces of the membrane 52 causes ozone gas to be sucked through the porous membrane 52 and become diffused into the vortex of water flowing downwardly through the passageway 56 .
- the membrane 52 preferably has a porosity of 50 to 60 microns.
- a membrane suitable for practicing the present invention is commercially available from Pore Technologies of Framinghan, Mass.
- the configuration which creates the vortex is preferably designed such that the pressure difference between the opposite surfaces of the membrane 52 which causes the ozone gas to be sucked therethrough is on the order of approximately 5 to 20 psig, most preferably approximately 15 psig.
- FIG. 4 A preferred arrangement for creating the vortex is illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the longitudinal axis of the second passageway 56 is designated as 60 , and extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
- the water inlet 20 is oriented substantially perpendicular to the axis 60 , and is radially offset therefrom.
- water flowing through the inlet 20 impinges on the inner surface of the passageway 56 and is forced to spin counterclockwise as indicated by arrows in FIG. 4.
- the water is caused to flow downwardly through the passageway 56 by gravity.
- the combination of the circular flow caused by the offset of the inlet 20 and the downward flow caused by gravity creates the desired helical vortex.
- the vortex also has a shearing effect on the ozone bubbles emerging from the inner surface of the membrane 52 which have a diameter of 50 to 60 microns. This shearing effect breaks up and scatters the bubbles into smaller bubbles having a diameter of 30 to 40 microns, and yet further increases the diffusion efficiency.
- the present ozone diffuser 12 is substantially more efficient than prior art diffusers, in that it is capable of diffusing ozone into water with as much as 90% of the theoretically maximum concentration of 6.75 milligrams per liter at ambient pressure and temperature.
- the invention has been described as being applied to diffusing ozone gas into water, the scope of the invention is not so limited and encompasses any application in which one fluid is to be diffused into another fluid.
- One fluid can be a gas and the other fluid can be a liquid as described above.
- both fluids can be gasses or both fluids can be liquids.
- the porosity of the membrane and the pressure difference thereacross created by the vortex can be determined mathematically and/or empirically in accordance with a particular application and the fluids which are to be mixed.
- ozone would be applied to the inner passageway and water would be applied to the outer (annular) passageway.
- a vortex created by water flowing downwardly in the passageway would suck ozone from the inner passageway through the membrane into the water flow in the outer passageway due to the pressure drop created by the vortex in a manner essentially similar to that described above.
- the lower end of the inner passageway would preferably be sealed such that the inner passageway would not have an outlet, and that an outlet be provided at the lower end of the outer passageway.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
An ozone diffuser includes an outer tube having a tubular porous membrane disposed coaxially therein. An annular space is defined between the inner surface of the tubular member and the outer surface of the membrane into which ozone gas is applied. Water is caused to flow through the interior of the membrane in such a manner as to form a vortex which creates a negative pressure at the inner surface of the membrane. The pressure difference between the annular space and the interior of the membrane causes ozone gas to be sucked through the membrane and become diffused into the water. The pressure difference results in a high concentration of ozone in the water. The vortex also produces a shearing effect which breaks up the ozone bubbles and increases the diffusion efficiency.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention generally relates to the art of cleaning and sterilization, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for diffusing ozone gas into a liquid which is used for these purposes.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- The use of ozone for cleaning or sanitizing objects is known in the art per se. Ozone is vastly superior to chlorine and other commonly used sanitizing agents which are toxic and must be removed after use. Ozone is also a much stronger sanitizing agent than such other fluids.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,898,679, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING OZONE SATURATED WATER”, issued Feb. 6, 1990 to Seymour Siegel et al, teaches how to use ozone saturated water to perform clean-in-place cleaning of pipes in a processing plant. Other uses include sanitization of fruit and other agricultural products.
- Water is a desirable vehicle for carrying ozone gas to and from the object or objects that are to be cleaned or sanitized. Various methods of diffusing ozone gas into water have been proposed in the art. However, prior art methods are generally inefficient and result in a relatively low concentration of diffused ozone. The method disclosed in the above referenced patent to Siegel, for example, involves bubbling the ozone gas into the water using a ceramic diffuser.
- The effectiveness of ozone saturated water is limited by the concentration of ozone gas which can be diffused into the water. As such, there exists a need in the art for a method and apparatus for diffusing ozone gas into a liquid which produces a higher concentration of ozone than has been possible heretofore.
- The above described need which has existed heretofore in the art is fulfilled by an ozone diffuser according to the present invention which includes an outer tube having a tubular porous membrane disposed coaxially therein. An annular space is defined between the inner surface of the tubular member and the outer surface of the membrane into which ozone gas is applied.
- Water is caused to flow through the interior of the membrane in such a manner as to form a vortex which creates a negative pressure at the inner surface of the membrane. The pressure difference between the annular space and the interior of the membrane causes ozone gas to be sucked through the membrane and become diffused into the water.
- The pressure difference results in a high concentration of ozone in the water. The vortex also produces a shearing effect which breaks up the ozone bubbles and increases the diffusion efficiency.
- These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, taken together with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram illustrating a cleaning or sanitizing system including an ozone diffuser according to the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the present ozone diffuser;
- FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the diffuser taken on a line III-III of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view illustrating a water inlet of the diffuser taken on a line IV-IV of FIG. 2; and
- FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view illustrating an ozone inlet of the diffuser taken on a line V-V of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cleaning or sanitizing
system 10 including anozone diffuser 12 according to the present invention. In the illustrated configuration, thesystem 10 includes a tank 14 which contains objects (not shown), e.g. fruit or other agricultural products, which are to be cleaned or sanitized. - Water having ozone gas diffused therein is circulated through the tank14 in contact with the objects to be cleaned or sanitized. More specifically, a pump 16 draws water from the lower end of the tank 14 through a conduit 18 and applies this water to a
water inlet 20 of thediffuser 12 through a conduit 22 as indicated by arrows. Ozone gas from anozone source 24 is applied to one or more ozone gas inlets 26 (only one inlet is shown) of thediffuser 12 through aconduit 28. Water having ozone gas diffused therein is applied through awater outlet 30 and aconduit 32 into the upper end of the water tank 14 through which it circulates to clean or sanitize the objects therein. - The
ozone source 24 per se is not the particular subject matter of the invention and will not be described in detail. Thesource 24 can be constructed to convert oxygen gas into ozone gas using corona discharge in a known manner. - The
present ozone diffuser 12 is illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 5, and includes an outertubular member 40 which has anupper section 42 and alower section 44 which is fixed to theupper section 42 by a flange andbolt arrangement 46. Theupper member 40 has a stepped inner surface including alarge diameter surface 46 which terminates at its upper end in asmall diameter surface 48. Thelower member 44 has aninner surface 50 with the same diameter as thesurface 48. - A
porous membrane 52 is coaxially mounted inside themember 40 and has an outer diameter which is substantially the same as the inner diameters of thesurfaces membrane 52 is held at its upper end within thesurface 48, and at its lower end within thesurface 50. Afirst passageway 54 or annular space is defined between theinner surface 46 of thetubular member 40 and a first orouter surface 55 of themembrane 52. The upper end portion of thetubular member 40 and the interior of themembrane 52 as defined by asecond surface 57 thereof constitutes asecond passageway 56. - The
diffuser 12 is oriented substantially vertically, with the longitudinal axis of thesecond passageway 56 also being oriented vertically. Thewater inlet 20 opens into the upper end portion of thepassageway 56, whereas thewater outlet 30 leads out of the lower end portion of thepassageway 56. Theozone inlet 28 opens into, preferably, the central portion of thefirst passageway 54 and fills thepassageway 54 with ozone gas at a positive pressure. Thepassageway 54 does not have an outlet. - In operation, water is applied through the
inlet 20 into thesecond passageway 56. Thetubular member 40 andmembrane 52 are configured such that the water flows downwardly through thepassageway 56 in the form of a helical vortex as indicated by arrows 58. The vortex creates a negative pressure on the inner surface of themembrane 52 due to the Bernoulli effect as is known in the art per se. The pressure difference between the opposite surfaces of themembrane 52 causes ozone gas to be sucked through theporous membrane 52 and become diffused into the vortex of water flowing downwardly through thepassageway 56. - The
membrane 52 preferably has a porosity of 50 to 60 microns. A membrane suitable for practicing the present invention is commercially available from Pore Technologies of Framinghan, Mass. The configuration which creates the vortex is preferably designed such that the pressure difference between the opposite surfaces of themembrane 52 which causes the ozone gas to be sucked therethrough is on the order of approximately 5 to 20 psig, most preferably approximately 15 psig. - A preferred arrangement for creating the vortex is illustrated in FIG. 4. The longitudinal axis of the
second passageway 56 is designated as 60, and extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Thewater inlet 20 is oriented substantially perpendicular to theaxis 60, and is radially offset therefrom. Thus, water flowing through theinlet 20 impinges on the inner surface of thepassageway 56 and is forced to spin counterclockwise as indicated by arrows in FIG. 4. The water is caused to flow downwardly through thepassageway 56 by gravity. As such, the combination of the circular flow caused by the offset of theinlet 20 and the downward flow caused by gravity creates the desired helical vortex. - The vortex also has a shearing effect on the ozone bubbles emerging from the inner surface of the
membrane 52 which have a diameter of 50 to 60 microns. This shearing effect breaks up and scatters the bubbles into smaller bubbles having a diameter of 30 to 40 microns, and yet further increases the diffusion efficiency. - It has been determined that the
present ozone diffuser 12 is substantially more efficient than prior art diffusers, in that it is capable of diffusing ozone into water with as much as 90% of the theoretically maximum concentration of 6.75 milligrams per liter at ambient pressure and temperature. - Various modifications will become possible for those skilled in the art after receiving the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the scope thereof.
- For example, although the invention has been described as being applied to diffusing ozone gas into water, the scope of the invention is not so limited and encompasses any application in which one fluid is to be diffused into another fluid. One fluid can be a gas and the other fluid can be a liquid as described above. Alternatively, both fluids can be gasses or both fluids can be liquids. The porosity of the membrane and the pressure difference thereacross created by the vortex can be determined mathematically and/or empirically in accordance with a particular application and the fluids which are to be mixed.
- Various alternatives to the particular configuration which is explicitly described and illustrated are also encompassed within the scope of the invention. For example, although a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in which ozone is applied to the outer (annular)
passageway 54 and water is applied to theinner passageway 56, it is within the scope of the invention to reverse this relationship. - Although not explicitly illustrated, in this particular embodiment ozone would be applied to the inner passageway and water would be applied to the outer (annular) passageway. A vortex created by water flowing downwardly in the passageway would suck ozone from the inner passageway through the membrane into the water flow in the outer passageway due to the pressure drop created by the vortex in a manner essentially similar to that described above. In this modification the lower end of the inner passageway would preferably be sealed such that the inner passageway would not have an outlet, and that an outlet be provided at the lower end of the outer passageway.
- It is further within the scope of the invention to provide other vortex creating water or other fluid flow paths and porous membrane arrangements which cause ozone or another fluid to be sucked into the water or other fluid through a membrane. Such paths can be, for example, circular, spiral, and/or include multiple sections which are similar or different. Any configuration which produces the effect of diffusing one fluid into another fluid due to a pressure difference created on the opposite sides of a porous membrane by a vortex is considered to be an equivalent of the particular configuration which is described and illustrated.
Claims (20)
1. An apparatus for diffusing a first fluid into a second fluid, comprising:
a membrane having a porosity which is sufficient to allow the first fluid to pass therethrough;
a first passageway configured to apply the first fluid to a first surface of the membrane; and
a second passageway configured to apply the second fluid to a second surface of the membrane which is opposite to the first surface thereof such that the second fluid forms a vortex with sufficiently low pressure to cause the first fluid to move from the first passageway through the membrane into the second passageway and become diffused into the second fluid.
2. An apparatus as in , in which the first fluid is a gas and the second fluid is a liquid.
claim 1
3. An apparatus as in , in which the first fluid comprises ozone gas.
claim 2
4. An apparatus as in , in which the second fluid comprises water.
claim 3
5. An apparatus as in , comprising an outer tubular member, in which:
claim 1
the membrane is tubular and is disposed coaxially inside the outer tubular member;
the first passageway comprises an annular space between an inner surface of the tubular member and an outer surface of the membrane, the outer surface of the membrane constituting said first surface thereof;
the first passageway has an inlet;
the membrane has an inner surface which constitutes said second surface thereof and defines the second passageway; and
the second passageway has an inlet and an outlet.
6. An apparatus as in , in which:
claim 5
the inlet of the second passageway is oriented at substantially a right angle to a longitudinal axis of the second passageway and is radially offset from the longitudinal axis, thereby causing the second fluid to form said vortex in the second passageway.
7. An apparatus as in , in which the inlet and outlet of the second passageway are provided at substantially opposite ends thereof.
claim 6
8. An apparatus as in , in which the apparatus is disposed such that the axis of the second passageway is oriented substantially vertically; and
claim 7
the inlet of the second passageway is disposed above the outlet thereof.
9. An apparatus as in , in which:
claim 1
the first fluid comprises ozone gas; and
the membrane has a porosity of approximately 50 to 60 microns.
10. An apparatus as in , in which the first and second passageways are configured such that a pressure difference between the first and second surfaces of the membrane is approximately 5 to 20 psig.
claim 1
11. An apparatus as in , in which the second passageway is configured such that said vortex at least partially shears the first fluid at the second surface of the membrane.
claim 1
12. A method for diffusing a first fluid into a second fluid, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a membrane having a porosity which is sufficient to allow the first fluid to pass therethrough;
(b) applying the first fluid to a first surface of the membrane; and
(c) applying the second fluid to a second surface of the membrane which is opposite to the first surface thereof in such a manner that the second fluid forms a vortex with sufficiently low pressure to cause the first fluid to move through the membrane and become diffused into the second fluid.
13. A method as in , in which the first fluid is a gas and the second fluid is a liquid.
claim 12
14. A method as in , in which the first fluid comprises ozone gas.
claim 13
15. A method as in , in which the second fluid comprises water.
claim 14
16. A method as in , in which:
claim 12
step (a) comprises providing the membrane in the shape of a tube;
step (b) comprises applying the first fluid to an outer surface of the membrane which constitutes said first surface thereof; and
step (c) comprises applying the second fluid to an interior of the membrane which constitutes said second surface thereof.
17. A method as in , in which:
claim 16
the membrane is oriented such that a longitudinal axis thereof is oriented substantially vertically; and
the second fluid is applied into the interior of the membrane at substantially a right angle to the longitudinal axis and is radially offset from the longitudinal axis to create said vortex.
18. A method as in , in which:
claim 12
the first fluid comprises ozone gas; and
step (a) comprises providing the membrane with a porosity of approximately 50 to 60 microns.
19. A method as in , in which steps (b) and (c) in combination comprise creating a pressure difference between the first and second surfaces of the membrane of approximately 5 to 20 psig.
claim 12
20. A method as in , in which steps (a), (b) and (c) in combination comprise creating said vortex such that it at least partially shears the first fluid at the second surface of the membrane.
claim 12
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/294,288 US20010050443A1 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 1999-04-19 | Method and apparatus for diffusing ozone gas into liquid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/294,288 US20010050443A1 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 1999-04-19 | Method and apparatus for diffusing ozone gas into liquid |
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US20010050443A1 true US20010050443A1 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
Family
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US09/294,288 Abandoned US20010050443A1 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 1999-04-19 | Method and apparatus for diffusing ozone gas into liquid |
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-
1999
- 1999-04-19 US US09/294,288 patent/US20010050443A1/en not_active Abandoned
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EP1968732A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2008-09-17 | Oliveira, Joao Carlos Gomes de | A mixer having multiple gas inlets |
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WO2007087724A1 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-09 | Hydro Processing Mining Ltd | Apparatus and method for dissolving gas in liquid |
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EP1981620A4 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2012-11-28 | Hydro Proc & Mining Ltd | Apparatus and method for dissolving gas in liquid |
JP2011056498A (en) * | 2009-08-12 | 2011-03-24 | Kyushu Institute Of Technology | Apparatus and system for generating high-concentration dissolved water |
JP2012120997A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-28 | Hideyuki Nishizawa | Method for producing microbubble and device therefor |
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US20220032243A1 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2022-02-03 | Jgc Japan Corporation | Fluid mixing unit and fluid mixing method |
WO2022200689A1 (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Apparatus and method for enhancing dissolution of gas in liquid and use |
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