US20010035839A1 - FM-CW radar equipment - Google Patents
FM-CW radar equipment Download PDFInfo
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- US20010035839A1 US20010035839A1 US09/754,776 US75477601A US2001035839A1 US 20010035839 A1 US20010035839 A1 US 20010035839A1 US 75477601 A US75477601 A US 75477601A US 2001035839 A1 US2001035839 A1 US 2001035839A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to FM-CW (frequency modulated-continuous wave) radar equipment, more particularly to FM-CW radar equipment which enables to detect a failure in a radio-frequency circuit of the equipment.
- FM-CW frequency modulated-continuous wave
- FIG. 1 there is shown a conceptual schematic diagram of an RF (radio-frequency) circuit of FM-CW radar equipment.
- the equipment provides a transmitter 1 and a receiver 2 .
- the amplitude modulation is carried out where a modulation signal 3 consisting of a triangle wave is modulated by a carrier signal 10 .
- the modulated signal frequency is multiplied n-times by a frequency multiplier 11 .
- the multiplied signal is then amplified by a power amplifier 13 , to be transmitted by an antenna 4 through a non-illustrated transmission filter.
- a branching filter 12 is provided in transmitter 1 . A part of signals transmitted from transmitter 1 are branched to input to receiver 2 .
- the transmitted signal is reflected by an object and then received by receiver 2 through an antenna 5 .
- the signal is then forwarded to receiver 2 , and input to receiver 2 through a non-illustrated reception filter.
- the received signal is amplified in an amplifier to input to a mixer 21 .
- mixer 21 therefore, a beat frequency signal is output corresponding to the phase difference between the transmitted signal branched from branching filter 12 and the received reflection signal.
- the magnitude (amplitude level) of the beat frequency signal corresponds to the phase difference of the transmitted signal and the received reflection signal. This corresponds to the distance between transmitter 1 and the reflection object. Thus the distance to the object can be measured.
- the beat frequency signal is divided into intermediate- frequency (IF) by a frequency demultiplier 22 and is output from receiver 2 .
- IF intermediate- frequency
- the beat frequency signal divided into IF is used in a non-illustrated circuit to convert into a signal corresponding to the distance.
- FM-CW radar equipment is applicable for collision prevention equipment housed in a vehicle.
- a failure of FM-CW equipment may possibly affect a human life. It is therefore important to detect a failure in FM-CW equipment in any case.
- a noise level output from a mixer 21 changes when a failure occurs in an RF circuit of the equipment; there is a region generated by electronic characteristic of transmitter 1 in which a noise level changes as the frequency changes; and also there is a region generated by electronic characteristic of receiver 2 in which a noise level does not change, irrespective of the frequency.
- the basic configuration of FM-CW radar equipment in accordance with the present invention includes a noise-level extraction circuit in RF circuit, and a comparator for comparing an output of the above-mentioned noise-level extraction circuit with a predetermined criterion value.
- the equipment is configured so that an alarm signal is output when the output of the noise-level extraction circuit becomes smaller than the predetermined criterion value.
- the noise-level extraction circuits include a first noise-level extraction circuit in the transmission side of the RF circuit; and a second noise-level extraction circuit in the reception side of the RF circuit.
- the comparators include a first comparator for comparing the output of the above-mentioned first noise-level extraction circuit with the first predetermined criterion value; and a second comparator for comparing the output of the second noise-level extraction circuit with the second predetermined criterion value.
- the circuits for extracting a noise level include a first noise-level extraction circuit in the transmission side of the RF circuit, and a second noise-level extraction circuit in the reception side of the RF circuit.
- a single comparator to which an output of the first noise-level extraction circuit or an output of the second noise-level extraction circuit is selectively input, respectively to compare with the predetermined first criterion value or the second criterion value.
- the first noise-level extraction circuit at the transmission side consists of a low-pass filter transmitting a signal in a first frequency bandwidth in which the noise level changes with frequency; and the second noise-level extraction circuit at the reception side consists of a band-pass filter transmitting a signal in a second frequency bandwidth in which the noise level substantially does not change with frequency.
- the aforementioned second frequency bandwidth is located in higher frequency region than the first frequency bandwidth.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual schematic diagram of an RF circuit of FM-CW radar equipment in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for illustrating the relation between the noise level and the frequency region.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration of an embodiment of FM-CW radar equipment in accordance with the present invention, using the phenomenon illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating decreased noise level caused by a failure in transmitter 1 .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating decreased noise level caused by a failure in receiver 2 .
- FIG. 2 there is a chart illustrating the above-mentioned relation between a noise level and a frequency region.
- the horizontal axis indicates frequency
- the vertical axis indicates noise level.
- noise reduces as the frequency increases.
- region ⁇ circle over (2) ⁇ noise is maintained substantially in the constant level irrespective of the frequency.
- the noise in region ⁇ circle over (1) ⁇ is mainly produced by the transmission signal distributed from the transmitter 1 side. The noise fluctuates up and down around the transmission signal level.
- the noise in region ⁇ circle over (2) ⁇ is produced by the thermal noise generated from the receiver 2 side. The noise fluctuates up and down around the magnitude of receiving gain.
- FIG. 3 there is shown an embodiment of a configuration of the RF circuit in FM-CW radar equipment using the phenomenon described above.
- Hybrid circuit 23 branches a part of IF output signal which is output from frequency demultiplier 22 , to input to low-pass filter 6 and band-pass filter 9 .
- Low-pass filter 6 has a filtering property to transmit a component of frequency region ⁇ circle over (1) ⁇ shown in FIG. 2, while band-pass filter has a filtering property to transmit a component of predetermined frequency region ⁇ circle over (2) ⁇ in FIG. 2.
- a detector 7 extracts direct current (DC) level from an output of low-pass filter 6 .
- a detector 14 extracts DC level from an output of band-pass filter 9 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates this situation.
- a failure in transmitter 1 causes the noise level in region ⁇ circle over (1) ⁇ decreased from a normal value NM to a level illustrated as AB.
- FIG. 5 illustrates this situation.
- a failure in receiver 2 causes the noise level in region ⁇ circle over (2) ⁇ decreased from a normal value NM to a level illustrated as AB.
- detector 7 converts an output of low-pass filter 6 into DC component. Also, detector 14 converts an output of band-pass filter 9 into DC component.
- comparator 8 compares an output of detector 7 with a predetermined criterion value. An alarm signal is output when the output of detector 7 becomes smaller than the predetermined criterion value.
- comparator 15 compares an output of detector 14 with a predetermined criterion value. When the output of detector 10 becomes smaller than the predetermined criterion value, an alarm signal is output.
- first comparator 8 for comparing a noise level in transmitter 1 with a predetermined criterion value
- second comparator 15 for comparing a noise level in receiver 2 with a predetermined criterion value.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to FM-CW (frequency modulated-continuous wave) radar equipment, more particularly to FM-CW radar equipment which enables to detect a failure in a radio-frequency circuit of the equipment.
- In FIG. 1, there is shown a conceptual schematic diagram of an RF (radio-frequency) circuit of FM-CW radar equipment. The equipment provides a
transmitter 1 and areceiver 2. Intransmitter 1, the amplitude modulation is carried out where amodulation signal 3 consisting of a triangle wave is modulated by acarrier signal 10. The modulated signal frequency is multiplied n-times by afrequency multiplier 11. The multiplied signal is then amplified by apower amplifier 13, to be transmitted by anantenna 4 through a non-illustrated transmission filter. - Moreover, a
branching filter 12 is provided intransmitter 1. A part of signals transmitted fromtransmitter 1 are branched to input toreceiver 2. - The transmitted signal is reflected by an object and then received by
receiver 2 through anantenna 5. The signal is then forwarded toreceiver 2, and input toreceiver 2 through a non-illustrated reception filter. - The received signal is amplified in an amplifier to input to a
mixer 21. Inmixer 21, therefore, a beat frequency signal is output corresponding to the phase difference between the transmitted signal branched from branchingfilter 12 and the received reflection signal. - More particularly, the magnitude (amplitude level) of the beat frequency signal corresponds to the phase difference of the transmitted signal and the received reflection signal. This corresponds to the distance between
transmitter 1 and the reflection object. Thus the distance to the object can be measured. - The beat frequency signal is divided into intermediate- frequency (IF) by a frequency demultiplier22 and is output from
receiver 2. The beat frequency signal divided into IF is used in a non-illustrated circuit to convert into a signal corresponding to the distance. - Meanwhile, as an application, FM-CW radar equipment is applicable for collision prevention equipment housed in a vehicle. In such a case, a failure of FM-CW equipment may possibly affect a human life. It is therefore important to detect a failure in FM-CW equipment in any case.
- Among prior arts for detecting failure in such FM-CW radar equipment, an art is disclosed in the official gazette of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei-11-52052. In this disclosure, there is introduced a method for detecting an equipment failure by observing the level of an amplitude modulation signal. This prior art is based on the fact that an amplitude modulation signal disappears in IF output of a mixer when a failure occurs in any unit of the equipment.
- In this prior art, however, an amplitude level of the modulation carrier disperses to a great extent. It is therefore difficult to adjust the level within a certain criterion range.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide FM-CW radar equipment which solves the aforementioned problem in the prior art.
- In the present invention, there is applied a technological concept different from the conventional arts. The inventor has obtained the configuration of the present invention based on the following phenomenon: a noise level output from a
mixer 21 changes when a failure occurs in an RF circuit of the equipment; there is a region generated by electronic characteristic oftransmitter 1 in which a noise level changes as the frequency changes; and also there is a region generated by electronic characteristic ofreceiver 2 in which a noise level does not change, irrespective of the frequency. - The basic configuration of FM-CW radar equipment in accordance with the present invention includes a noise-level extraction circuit in RF circuit, and a comparator for comparing an output of the above-mentioned noise-level extraction circuit with a predetermined criterion value. The equipment is configured so that an alarm signal is output when the output of the noise-level extraction circuit becomes smaller than the predetermined criterion value.
- Preferably, the noise-level extraction circuits include a first noise-level extraction circuit in the transmission side of the RF circuit; and a second noise-level extraction circuit in the reception side of the RF circuit. The comparators include a first comparator for comparing the output of the above-mentioned first noise-level extraction circuit with the first predetermined criterion value; and a second comparator for comparing the output of the second noise-level extraction circuit with the second predetermined criterion value.
- Further, preferably, the circuits for extracting a noise level include a first noise-level extraction circuit in the transmission side of the RF circuit, and a second noise-level extraction circuit in the reception side of the RF circuit. There is provided a single comparator to which an output of the first noise-level extraction circuit or an output of the second noise-level extraction circuit is selectively input, respectively to compare with the predetermined first criterion value or the second criterion value.
- Still further, preferably, in either of the aforementioned embodiments, the first noise-level extraction circuit at the transmission side consists of a low-pass filter transmitting a signal in a first frequency bandwidth in which the noise level changes with frequency; and the second noise-level extraction circuit at the reception side consists of a band-pass filter transmitting a signal in a second frequency bandwidth in which the noise level substantially does not change with frequency.
- Still further, preferably, the aforementioned second frequency bandwidth is located in higher frequency region than the first frequency bandwidth.
- Further scopes and features of the present invention will become more apparent by the following description of the embodiments with the accompanied drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual schematic diagram of an RF circuit of FM-CW radar equipment in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for illustrating the relation between the noise level and the frequency region.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration of an embodiment of FM-CW radar equipment in accordance with the present invention, using the phenomenon illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating decreased noise level caused by a failure in
transmitter 1. - FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating decreased noise level caused by a failure in
receiver 2. - The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described hereinafter referring to the charts and drawings, wherein like numerals or symbols refer to like parts.
- In FIG. 2, there is a chart illustrating the above-mentioned relation between a noise level and a frequency region. In this figure, the horizontal axis indicates frequency, and the vertical axis indicates noise level. In region {circle over (1)}, noise reduces as the frequency increases. In region {circle over (2)}, noise is maintained substantially in the constant level irrespective of the frequency. The noise in region {circle over (1)} is mainly produced by the transmission signal distributed from the
transmitter 1 side. The noise fluctuates up and down around the transmission signal level. The noise in region {circle over (2)} is produced by the thermal noise generated from thereceiver 2 side. The noise fluctuates up and down around the magnitude of receiving gain. - When a circuit failure occurs in the
transmitter 1 side, the noise in region {circle over (1)} is decreased. On the other hand, when a circuit failure occurs in thereceiver 2 side, the noise in region {circle over (2)} is decreased. The present invention is led by the discovery of the above-mentioned phenomenon. The boundary frequency between region {circle over (1)} and region {circle over (2)} is less than several MHz, depending on the installed system. - In FIG. 3, there is shown an embodiment of a configuration of the RF circuit in FM-CW radar equipment using the phenomenon described above.
- This is similar to the RF circuit of FM-CW radar equipment of the invention shown in FIG.1, except that a
hybrid circuit 23 is provided inreceiver 2 in the case of FIG. 3. -
Hybrid circuit 23 branches a part of IF output signal which is output fromfrequency demultiplier 22, to input to low-pass filter 6 and band-pass filter 9. Low-pass filter 6 has a filtering property to transmit a component of frequency region {circle over (1)} shown in FIG. 2, while band-pass filter has a filtering property to transmit a component of predetermined frequency region {circle over (2)} in FIG. 2. - A
detector 7 extracts direct current (DC) level from an output of low-pass filter 6. Similarly, adetector 14 extracts DC level from an output of band-pass filter 9. - AS explained earlier, a noise component in region {circle over (1)} is increased or decreased by a power level of
transmitter 1 side, while a noise component in region {circle over (2)} is increased or decreased by a gain ofreceiver 2 side. Therefore, when a failure exists intransmitter 1 side, the output of low-pass filter 6 is either decreased or cut off. FIG. 4 illustrates this situation. A failure intransmitter 1 causes the noise level in region {circle over (1)} decreased from a normal value NM to a level illustrated as AB. - On the other hand, when a failure exists in
receiver 2, the output of band-pass filter 6 is either decreased or is cut off. FIG. 5 illustrates this situation. A failure inreceiver 2 causes the noise level in region {circle over (2)} decreased from a normal value NM to a level illustrated as AB. - Referring back to FIG. 3,
detector 7 converts an output of low-pass filter 6 into DC component. Also,detector 14 converts an output of band-pass filter 9 into DC component. - Moreover,
comparator 8 compares an output ofdetector 7 with a predetermined criterion value. An alarm signal is output when the output ofdetector 7 becomes smaller than the predetermined criterion value. Similarly, comparator 15 compares an output ofdetector 14 with a predetermined criterion value. When the output ofdetector 10 becomes smaller than the predetermined criterion value, an alarm signal is output. - Accordingly, through an alarm signal output from
comparator 8, a failure intransmitter 1 of FM-CW radar equipment is detected. Also, through an alarm signal output from comparator 15, a failure inreceiver 2 of FM-CW radar equipment is detected. - In the above embodiment shown in FIG. 3, there are provided
first comparator 8 for comparing a noise level intransmitter 1 with a predetermined criterion value, and second comparator 15 for comparing a noise level inreceiver 2 with a predetermined criterion value. However, it is possible to use a single comparetor in common, instead of twoindependent comparators 8 and 15. - More particularly, with a provision of a comparator in which setting criterion values is possible, and by switching an input to the comparator from a DC level output of either
detector 7 ordetector 14, it is possible to detect a failure oftransmitter 1 andreceiver 2 successively. - As explained above, when a failure occurs in the RF circuit in FM-CW radar equipment, the noise level is greatly changed. According to the present invention, this change in noise level is compared to the noise level in normal state to detect a circuit failure. Thus FM-CW radar equipment enabling the supervision of a failure in a transmitter or receiver becomes available with a simple structure.
- The foregoing description of the embodiment is disclosed for the sake of understanding. It is not intended to limit the invention to the particular details of the examples illustrated. Any suitable modification and equivalents may be resorted to the scope of the invention which is covered by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000129768A JP4390359B2 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2000-04-28 | FM-CW radar equipment |
JP2000-129768 | 2000-04-28 |
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US20010035839A1 true US20010035839A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 |
US6429807B2 US6429807B2 (en) | 2002-08-06 |
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US09/754,776 Expired - Lifetime US6429807B2 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-01-04 | FM-CW radar equipment |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1369702A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Driver circuit for a microwave oscillator |
US20040130481A1 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2004-07-08 | Fumihiko Okai | Vehicle control apparatus |
US20070018886A1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2007-01-25 | Denso Corporation | Interference determination method and fmcw radar using the same |
US20120182177A1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2012-07-19 | Armin Himmelstoss | Mixer monitoring |
US9882573B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-01-30 | Denso Corporation | Method of fabricating electronic device and limit value setting apparatus |
US20190072647A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-07 | Nxp B.V. | Rf radar device bist using noise injection |
EP3454077A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-13 | Nxp B.V. | Radar device that implements built-in self-test using secondary modulation |
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JP3711952B2 (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2005-11-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Doppler radar equipment |
JP3971689B2 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2007-09-05 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Inter-vehicle distance control device |
JP2006234612A (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-09-07 | Fujitsu Ltd | Device, method, and program for measuring abnormality of electro-magnetic interference measurement system and recording medium recorded with program |
JP4828144B2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2011-11-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Millimeter wave radar module |
JP4544304B2 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2010-09-15 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Radar |
JP6258588B2 (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2018-01-10 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Pulse radar equipment |
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GB1344677A (en) * | 1971-10-05 | 1974-01-23 | Granley Products London Ltd | Testing device |
US3932870A (en) * | 1974-05-31 | 1976-01-13 | American District Telegraph Company | On-line test circuit for intrusion alarm systems |
JPS5437495A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1979-03-19 | Nissan Motor | Radar diagnosing device |
US4138678A (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1979-02-06 | The Bendix Corporation | Integrity monitoring system for an aircraft navigation system |
US4739351A (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1988-04-19 | Hazeltine Corporation | Verification of on-line fault monitor performance |
JP3197346B2 (en) | 1992-08-04 | 2001-08-13 | 富士通株式会社 | Automobile anti-collision radar with malfunction detection function |
US5287111A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1994-02-15 | Shmuel Hershkovitz | Doppler shift motion detector with variable power |
US5254998A (en) * | 1992-11-02 | 1993-10-19 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Executive monitor for microwave landing system |
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JP3884130B2 (en) | 1997-08-08 | 2007-02-21 | 富士通株式会社 | FM-CW radar equipment |
JP3488610B2 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 2004-01-19 | 富士通テン株式会社 | Radar equipment |
-
2000
- 2000-04-28 JP JP2000129768A patent/JP4390359B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-01-04 US US09/754,776 patent/US6429807B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
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US20040130481A1 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2004-07-08 | Fumihiko Okai | Vehicle control apparatus |
US7259711B2 (en) * | 2001-07-18 | 2007-08-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Vehicle control apparatus |
EP1369702A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Driver circuit for a microwave oscillator |
US20070018886A1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2007-01-25 | Denso Corporation | Interference determination method and fmcw radar using the same |
US7187321B2 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2007-03-06 | Denso Corporation | Interference determination method and FMCW radar using the same |
US20120182177A1 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2012-07-19 | Armin Himmelstoss | Mixer monitoring |
US9882573B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2018-01-30 | Denso Corporation | Method of fabricating electronic device and limit value setting apparatus |
US20190072647A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-07 | Nxp B.V. | Rf radar device bist using noise injection |
EP3454078A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-13 | Nxp B.V. | Radar device that implements built-in self-test using noise injection |
EP3454077A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-13 | Nxp B.V. | Radar device that implements built-in self-test using secondary modulation |
CN109471092A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-15 | 恩智浦有限公司 | The RF radar installations BIST injected using noise |
US10670699B2 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2020-06-02 | Nxp B.V. | RF radar device BIST using noise injection |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6429807B2 (en) | 2002-08-06 |
JP4390359B2 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
JP2001311772A (en) | 2001-11-09 |
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