US20010029808A1 - Lubricant composite and process for the preparation thereof - Google Patents
Lubricant composite and process for the preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010029808A1 US20010029808A1 US09/768,571 US76857101A US2001029808A1 US 20010029808 A1 US20010029808 A1 US 20010029808A1 US 76857101 A US76857101 A US 76857101A US 2001029808 A1 US2001029808 A1 US 2001029808A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- lubricants
- composite
- bis
- oleamide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/56—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing nitrogen
- C10M105/68—Amides; Imides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
- C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/50—Medical uses
Definitions
- This invention relates to a lubricant composite for powder metallurgy and to the manufacture and use of this lubricant composite. More particularly the invention concerns a lubricant composite including a combination of at least two lubricants.
- Powdered metals for example, powdered iron
- powdered iron are used to make small, fairly intricate parts, for example, gears.
- the fabrication of such metallic parts by powdered metal technology involves the following steps:
- the powdered metal is blended with a lubricant and other additives to form a mixture
- the obtained mixture is poured into a mould and compacted to form a part using a high pressure, usually of the order of 200 to 1000 MPa,
- the part is ejected from the mould and subjected to a high temperature to decompose and remove the lubricant
- the part is heated to a higher temperature to cause all the particles of metal in the part to sinter together and
- the part is cooled, after which it is ready for use.
- Lubricants are added to metal powders for several reasons. One reason is that they facilitate the production of compacts for sintering by lubricating the interior of the powder during the compaction process. Through selection of proper lubricants higher densities, which is often required, can be obtained. Furthermore, the lubricants provide the necessary lubricating action that is needed to eject the compacted part out of the die. Insufficient lubrication will result in wear and scuffing at the die surface through the excessive friction during the ejection, resulting in premature die failure. The problems with insufficient lubrication can be solved in two ways; either by increasing the amount of the lubricant or by selecting more efficient lubricants.
- the known high effective lubricating agents however have low melting points. This distinguishing feature results in problems already before the compaction process as regards the powder flow and the apparent density.
- a relatively free powder flow is essential for smooth operation in a production press, while a stable apparent density facilitates a high quality during the production.
- the parts are thus of equal weight and exhibit tight dimensional tolerances, reducing the need for post operations such as calibrations.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a process for making these lubricants industrially useful.
- Examples of lubricants within the first group are saturated and unsaturated fatty acid amides and bis-amides, such as stearamide, oleamide and ethylene-bis-oleamide.
- the amount of this first lubricant depends on the specific lubricant and may vary between 5 and 75% by weight.
- the second lubricant may be selected from lubricants presently used in powder metallurgy and preferably this lubricant is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid bis-amides, such as ethylene-bis-stearamide (EBS).
- EBS ethylene-bis-stearamide
- the mixture of the two types of lubricants are heated during mixing at a temperature above the melting point of the second lubricant for a time period sufficient to provide a homogenous mixture, which is then subjected to a rapid cooling which is a critical feature of the process according to the present invention.
- the rapid cooling rate can be achieved by several well-known methods, such as through pouring of the melt into liquid nitrogen or water, by atomisation of the material from the melt or by pouring the melt onto a cooled metal surface.
- the cooling rate necessary is dependent on the composition and may also vary with the relative amounts of the first and the second lubricant. For example, cooling rates above 100° C./s may be necessary for some compositions and amounts, whereas cooling rates about 1° C./s may be sufficient in other circumstances.
- the solidified lubricant composite may then be disintegrated to a suitable particle size by e.g. milling.
- Preferred average particle sizes are between 3 and 150 ⁇ m.
- a spherical shape is the most desirable, because this leads to the highest flow rates and apparent density
- the concentration of the lubricant composite plus optional conventional solid lubricants is suitably in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.3 to 1% by weight.
- Iron powder mixes were prepared by using lubricant compositions prepared by different methods.
- the lubricants were composed of the common recipy of 75% ethylene-bis-stearamide (EBS available as Hoechst wax from Hoechst AG, Germany) having a melting point of about 145° C. and 25% oleamide (available from Croda) having a melting point of about 70° C.
- EBS ethylene-bis-stearamide
- oleamide available from Croda having a melting point of about 70° C.
- the iron powder was ASC100.29 (available from Höganäs AB, Sweden) and 0.5% by weight of graphite was mixed with the iron powder.
- the first lubricant composition was prepared by micronizing the two ingredients separately down to average particle sizes below 30 ⁇ m and subsequently admixing to the iron powder mixture.
- the second lubricant composition was prepared by mixing the two ingredients physically prior to a melting process at 180° C. where sufficient time was given for the ingredients to intermix. This was followed by a slow cooling process until the room temperature was reached. The material was subsequently micronized to similar particle sizes as the first lubricant composition and admixed to the iron powder mixture.
- the third lubricant composition was prepared in a similar way as the second, with the exception that the melted composition was forced through a narrow capillary into liquid nitrogen. A rapid cooling was thus achieved and material was finally micronized composition and admixed to the iron powder mixture as described above.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a lubricant composite for powder metallurgy and to the manufacture and use of this lubricant composite. More particularly the invention concerns a lubricant composite including a combination of at least two lubricants.
- Powdered metals, for example, powdered iron, are used to make small, fairly intricate parts, for example, gears. The fabrication of such metallic parts by powdered metal technology involves the following steps:
- the powdered metal is blended with a lubricant and other additives to form a mixture,
- the obtained mixture is poured into a mould and compacted to form a part using a high pressure, usually of the order of 200 to 1000 MPa,
- the part is ejected from the mould and subjected to a high temperature to decompose and remove the lubricant,
- the part is heated to a higher temperature to cause all the particles of metal in the part to sinter together and,
- the part is cooled, after which it is ready for use.
- Lubricants are added to metal powders for several reasons. One reason is that they facilitate the production of compacts for sintering by lubricating the interior of the powder during the compaction process. Through selection of proper lubricants higher densities, which is often required, can be obtained. Furthermore, the lubricants provide the necessary lubricating action that is needed to eject the compacted part out of the die. Insufficient lubrication will result in wear and scuffing at the die surface through the excessive friction during the ejection, resulting in premature die failure. The problems with insufficient lubrication can be solved in two ways; either by increasing the amount of the lubricant or by selecting more efficient lubricants. By increasing the amount of lubricant, an undesired side effect is however encountered in that the gain in density through better “internal lubrication” is reversed by the increasing volume of the lubricant. The better choice would then be to select more efficient lubricants.
- The known high effective lubricating agents however have low melting points. This distinguishing feature results in problems already before the compaction process as regards the powder flow and the apparent density. A relatively free powder flow is essential for smooth operation in a production press, while a stable apparent density facilitates a high quality during the production. The parts are thus of equal weight and exhibit tight dimensional tolerances, reducing the need for post operations such as calibrations.
- The use of very efficient lubricating agents have thus until now been limited due to their negative impact on powder properties. An object of the present invention is to provide a process for making these lubricants industrially useful.
- In brief the process for making the new lubricant composites according to the invention includes the steps of
- selecting a first lubricant having a melting point or a substantial part of its melting below 110° C. and a second lubricant having a melting point or a substantial part of its melting above 120° C. ;
- mixing the lubricants at an elevated temperature in order to melt the lubricants and
- subjecting the mixture to rapid cooling for providing a metastable lubricant composite.
- Examples of lubricants within the first group are saturated and unsaturated fatty acid amides and bis-amides, such as stearamide, oleamide and ethylene-bis-oleamide. The amount of this first lubricant depends on the specific lubricant and may vary between 5 and 75% by weight.
- The second lubricant may be selected from lubricants presently used in powder metallurgy and preferably this lubricant is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid bis-amides, such as ethylene-bis-stearamide (EBS).
- The mixture of the two types of lubricants are heated during mixing at a temperature above the melting point of the second lubricant for a time period sufficient to provide a homogenous mixture, which is then subjected to a rapid cooling which is a critical feature of the process according to the present invention.
- The rapid cooling rate, can be achieved by several well-known methods, such as through pouring of the melt into liquid nitrogen or water, by atomisation of the material from the melt or by pouring the melt onto a cooled metal surface. The cooling rate necessary is dependent on the composition and may also vary with the relative amounts of the first and the second lubricant. For example, cooling rates above 100° C./s may be necessary for some compositions and amounts, whereas cooling rates about 1° C./s may be sufficient in other circumstances. In any case accelerated or forced cooling is necessary in order to achieve the metastable phase which is a distinguishing feature of the new lubricant composite according to the present invention and which makes it possible to take advantage of the valuable lubricating properties of relatively low melting lubricants, which in the form of the metastable phase retains the high lubricating effect but looses the negative influence on the flow.
- Depending to the mode of preparation the solidified lubricant composite may then be disintegrated to a suitable particle size by e.g. milling. Preferred average particle sizes are between 3 and 150 μm.
- A spherical shape is the most desirable, because this leads to the highest flow rates and apparent density When mixed with metal powders, the concentration of the lubricant composite plus optional conventional solid lubricants, is suitably in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.3 to 1% by weight.
- The following non limiting example illustrates the invention.
- Iron powder mixes were prepared by using lubricant compositions prepared by different methods. The lubricants were composed of the common recipy of 75% ethylene-bis-stearamide (EBS available as Hoechst wax from Hoechst AG, Germany) having a melting point of about 145° C. and 25% oleamide (available from Croda) having a melting point of about 70° C. The iron powder was ASC100.29 (available from Höganäs AB, Sweden) and 0.5% by weight of graphite was mixed with the iron powder.
- The first lubricant composition was prepared by micronizing the two ingredients separately down to average particle sizes below 30μm and subsequently admixing to the iron powder mixture.
- The second lubricant composition was prepared by mixing the two ingredients physically prior to a melting process at 180° C. where sufficient time was given for the ingredients to intermix. This was followed by a slow cooling process until the room temperature was reached. The material was subsequently micronized to similar particle sizes as the first lubricant composition and admixed to the iron powder mixture.
- The third lubricant composition was prepared in a similar way as the second, with the exception that the melted composition was forced through a narrow capillary into liquid nitrogen. A rapid cooling was thus achieved and material was finally micronized composition and admixed to the iron powder mixture as described above.
- The results summarised in the following table demonstrated that a useful powder mixture is obtained only in the case of the rapid cooling.
Initial melting of primary peak Flow AD Lubricant (° C.) (s/50 g) (g/cm3) Rapid 107 29.7 2.99 cooling Physical 69 No flow 3.07 mixing Slow cooling 59 No flow 2.95
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9903245-0 | 1999-09-10 | ||
SE9903245A SE9903245D0 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 1999-09-10 | Lubricant composite and process for the preparation thereof |
SE9903245 | 1999-09-10 | ||
PCT/SE2000/001725 WO2001019508A1 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2000-09-07 | Lubricant composite and process for the preparation thereof |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2000/001725 Continuation WO2001019508A1 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2000-09-07 | Lubricant composite and process for the preparation thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010029808A1 true US20010029808A1 (en) | 2001-10-18 |
US6395688B2 US6395688B2 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
Family
ID=20416956
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/768,571 Expired - Lifetime US6395688B2 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2001-01-25 | Lubricant composite and process for the preparation thereof |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6395688B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1214143B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4758045B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1185045C (en) |
AU (1) | AU7465400A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0013913B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2382717C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60026045T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2254226T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02002564A (en) |
SE (1) | SE9903245D0 (en) |
TW (1) | TW513484B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001019508A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019143200A (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-29 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Mixed powders for powder metallurgy |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7153594B2 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-12-26 | Höganäs Ab | Iron-based powder |
US7329302B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2008-02-12 | H. L. Blachford Ltd./Ltee | Lubricants for powdered metals and powdered metal compositions containing said lubricants |
US7309105B2 (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2007-12-18 | L&P Property Management Company | Lift wire lumbar |
US20070213238A1 (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2007-09-13 | Sigworth William D | Lubricant composition for cellulosic-thermoplastic composite |
JP2009280907A (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-12-03 | Jfe Steel Corp | Iron powder mixture for powder metallurgy |
JP2009280908A (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-12-03 | Jfe Steel Corp | Method for molding iron powder mixture for powder metallurgy |
BRPI0922828A2 (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2015-12-29 | Höganãs Ab Publ | lubricant for powder metallurgical compositions |
CA2923775C (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2021-09-28 | National Research Council Of Canada | Lubricant for powder metallurgy and metal powder compositions containing said lubricant |
CN105566754A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-05-11 | 常州可赛成功塑胶材料有限公司 | Lubricant composition for glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene and forming method thereof |
CN108893178A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-27 | 湖北昌耀新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of Ardealite concrete prefabricated components release agent |
JPWO2020217551A1 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2021-05-06 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Mixed powder for powder metallurgy |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8621094D0 (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1986-10-08 | Ici Plc | Loading of polymer additives |
US5468401A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1995-11-21 | Chem-Trend, Incorporated | Carrier-free metalworking lubricant and method of making and using same |
JP3004800B2 (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 2000-01-31 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Iron-based powder mixture for powder metallurgy and method for producing the same |
US5154881A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1992-10-13 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Method of making a sintered metal component |
US5279640A (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-01-18 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Method of making iron-based powder mixture |
JPH06145701A (en) * | 1992-11-04 | 1994-05-27 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Iron base powder mixture for powder metallurgy |
DE19522475C1 (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1996-09-26 | Byk Chemie Gmbh | Use of free-flowing additive prepns. in coating powders |
JPH1046202A (en) * | 1996-08-06 | 1998-02-17 | Nitto Kasei Kogyo Kk | Powder lubricant for powder metallurgy |
-
1999
- 1999-09-10 SE SE9903245A patent/SE9903245D0/en unknown
- 1999-12-06 TW TW088121314A patent/TW513484B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-09-07 ES ES00963206T patent/ES2254226T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-07 CA CA002382717A patent/CA2382717C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-07 AU AU74654/00A patent/AU7465400A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-07 WO PCT/SE2000/001725 patent/WO2001019508A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-07 EP EP00963206A patent/EP1214143B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-07 CN CNB008126550A patent/CN1185045C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-07 BR BRPI0013913-0A patent/BR0013913B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-07 DE DE60026045T patent/DE60026045T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-07 JP JP2001523127A patent/JP4758045B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-07 MX MXPA02002564A patent/MXPA02002564A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2001
- 2001-01-25 US US09/768,571 patent/US6395688B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019143200A (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-08-29 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Mixed powders for powder metallurgy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60026045T2 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
AU7465400A (en) | 2001-04-17 |
SE9903245D0 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
CA2382717A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 |
JP4758045B2 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
JP2003509581A (en) | 2003-03-11 |
CA2382717C (en) | 2008-01-29 |
DE60026045D1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
CN1373684A (en) | 2002-10-09 |
BR0013913A (en) | 2002-05-14 |
EP1214143A1 (en) | 2002-06-19 |
EP1214143B1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
WO2001019508A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 |
US6395688B2 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
TW513484B (en) | 2002-12-11 |
CN1185045C (en) | 2005-01-19 |
MXPA02002564A (en) | 2002-07-30 |
BR0013913B1 (en) | 2011-03-22 |
ES2254226T3 (en) | 2006-06-16 |
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