US1960359A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

y 29, J. G. VXNCENT 1,960,359

' INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed June 4, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet M5555 53 M'NUENT 'May'29, 1934. J. G. VINCENT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed June 4, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ill/1671151515,. u

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Q IL V 0 N\ mm v w. mw h A A .b a Ar m; w kw MN 3 Ir 7 Jr 1 M II :JME I L Patented May 29, 1934 1,960,359 1 I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Jesse G. Vincent, Detroit, Micln, assignor to Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, Mich a corporation of Michigan Application June 4', 1931, Serial No.-542,110 12 Claims. (01.12%139) This invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to fuel control mechanism for engines of the oil injection type.

An object of the invention is to provide a con- 5 trol mechanism for regulating the delivery strokes .of fuel injection devices so that charges projected by dual injection devices to the cylinders of a compression-ignition engine can be varied uniformly and simultaneously through a single manipulation thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a control mechanism for fuel injection devices arranged diametrically of an engine cylinder so that a single manipulation thereof will uniformly vary the fuel charges delivered by both the devices.

A further object of the invention resides in the novel manner of associating a fuel injection device and its actuating mechanism with anengine so that it is readily accessible.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the drawings, which form a part of this specification, and in which: a V

Fig. l is a fragmentary, vertical, sectional view of an in-line compression-ignition engine, showing my invention associated therewith;

Fig. 2 is another "fragmentary, vertical, sectional view of the engine, illustrating the control 80 mechanism;

Fig. 3 is a medial sectional view of the nozzle portion of one of the fuel injection devices associated with a fragmentary portion of one of the cylinders.

Referring now to the drawings by characters of reference, 10 indicates the lower half of a crank case upon which the upper half of the crank case 11 is mounted, such crank case sec-' tions being secured together by bolts 12 which extend through abutting flanged portions thereof. Mounted upon the upper half of the crank case is a cylinder block 13 and arranged in longitudinal ailgnment in such block is a plurality of cylinders 14, the skirt portions 15 of which project a considerable length below the bottom of the. block and extend into openings 16 formed in the top wall of the upperhalf of the crank case. A head block 1'? is mounted upon the topof the cylinder block and an exhaust manifold 18 is secured to one side thereof,

while an air inlet manifold 19 is secured to the other side thereof by bolts 20.

The engine illustrated is of the four-stroke cycletype and passages 21 connect the air inlet suitable means such as manifold with the interior of the cylinders, such passages extending through the head block and having a control valve 22 associated therewith. Passages 23 also extend through the head block and connect the cylinders with the exhaust manifold, and-such passages are controlled by valves as indicated at 24. It will be understood that the air inlet valves 22 are open during the intake stroke of the engine whereupon air is drawn into the cylinders, that the exhaust valves 24 are open during the exhaust strokes of the engine, and that all the valves are closed during the compression and working strokes of the engme.

Extending through the crank case and supported by suitable bearings is a crank shaft 25 from which connecting rods 26 extend to pistons indicated at 27 and arranged to reciprocate within the cylinders. The pistons 27 are provided with a slot across the end portion thereof to permit clearance of the valves when top center is approached and also to confine the air and fuel mixtures at the highest compression.

The engine structure illustrated is of the water-cooledtype and suitable passages, as indicated at 28, are provided in the head while side 'plates 29 enclose chambers along the sides of the cylinder blocks through which water is circulated. The cylinder block is formed with a loweroutwardly projecting flange portion 30 along each side, which rests upon the top wall of the upper crank case section. The air intake manifold extending along one side, of the head block overhangs'the base flange of the cylinder block therebelow and a chamber 31 is thereby provided for the reception of the fuel injection devices, such chamber being closed by the removable side plate 32. The head block and ex-' haust manifold overhang the other base flange 30 of the cylinder block and form -therewith another compartment 33 in which fuel injection devices are housed, such compartment' being closed by the removable side plate 34.

.The fuel injection devices arranged within the compartments 31 and 33 are associated with each cylinder so that dual diametrically-are ranged devices project liquid fuel charges into the upper portion of each cylinderwhich, with the associated piston, forms a combustion chamber. Such devices are similar and, consequently, a description of one will suffice. The device is preferably formed with a nozzle section and a pump section, the nozzle section including a casing 35 while the pump section includes a casing 3 6 and the pump casing is screwed upon a depending threaded portion of the nozzle section. An auxiliary extension 3'7 is screwed axially into one end of the nozzle casing and is formed complementary to an opening 38 in the cylinder wall and the unit is rigidly secured to the cylinder wall by suitable fastening means such as bolts 39. Within the casing and its extension is an axially extending passage 40 which communicates at its interior end. with a passage 41 projecting through the neck upon which the pump casing 36 is screwed. A valve member 42 is arranged within the passage 46 and the head 43 of the valve is maintained adjacent the flared end of the passage adjacent the cylinder by means of the coil spring 44. In order to limit the outward movement of the valve so that the head will not strike against the end wall of the extension in which the pas-- sage is formed, there is a stop member 45 which can be adjusted to limit movement thereof toward the seat. It will be understood that fuel under a high pressure is moved through the passages 40 and 41 from the pump section and during such injection movements the valve member 42 is moved toward the interior of the cylinder, there being grooves 46 in the valve stem to permit oil flow through the passage in the nozzle extension. Within the pump casing is a barrel 4'7 within which the pump plunger 48 is arranged to reciprocate, the lower end of the pump plunger terminating ina guide portion 49 whch is slidably mounted in the lower portion of the pump casing, and a coil spring 50 in the pump casing serves to move the plunger into a position such that it will uncover the radial ports 51 extending through the barrel and casing and communicating with the interior of the barrel which communicates with the passage 41 when the oneway valve 52 is open. Surrounding the radial ports 51 is a housing 53 whichis wedged upon the pump casing by a nut 54, and such adjacent housings on each side of the cylinder block are connected by conduits 54', thus providing manifolds from which fuel oil under pressure is introduced into the barrel when the plunger 48 uncovers the ports 51. It will be seen that the device is ineffective to inject fuel charges into the cylinder until the plunger 48 is moved upwardly to apoint where it closes the ports 51, whereupon the supply line is cut off and the fuel trapped thereby in the nozzle and the upper part of the pump will be projected under high pressure in quantities va:ye ing with the distance the plunger moves after closing the ports 51. By adjusting the move'-. ment of the plunger beyond the ports 51, the quantity of fuel injected into the cylinders can readily be regulated and the adjustment of the plunger can be made such that it will not close the ports 51 during its upward movement, and

under such circumstances the engine, of course, will not run as there is no supply of fuel injected. A cam shaft 55 extends along each side of the engine within the open side of the upper half of the crank case and suitable means (not shown) areiprovided for rotating such cam shafts in opposite directions and at the same speed relatively. Mechanism is arranged between the cam shafts of each of the pump plungers, each of which consists of a rock lever 56 and an articulated push rod structure consisting of a section 5'7 recipro'cable in the guide member 58 and a movable section 59 which engages the free end of the rock lever. The free end of the 'A housing extension 81 is detachably associ- 159 rock lever is provided with a boss arranged to ride upon the cam 60 suitably fixed with the shaft 55 and it is also formed with a longitudinally extending, curved surface 61 upon which the articulated push rod section 59 is movable to change its stroke and, consequently, the stroke of the plunger 48 with which the adjustable push rod extension 62 engages. When the articulated push rod sections 59 are in the posi-.- tion shown in Fig. 1, a maximum plunger stroke will result and when the sections 59 are adjusted so that they bear against the opposite end of the curved surfaces 61 on the rock levers 56,

then the plunger stroke will not be sufficient to close the ports 51 and thus the plunger stroke and the consequent volume of the fuel charge delivered. thereby can be regulated.

, Side plates 63 enclose the open sides of the upper crank "case half and are detachably secured thereto by bolts such as indicated at 64. A shaft 65 extends along each side of the engine and is suitably mounted in bearings such as indicated at 66, which are secured to the sides of the upper cylinder section by bolts 67. Shafts 68 are also carried by the bearings 66 and. mounted upon such shafts are levers 69 which curve around the pivoted rock levers at their upper ends. The ends of such curved levers are connected with the sections 59 of the push rod structures by means of links '70 and it will be seen that rotation of the shafts-68 will cause a rocking movement of the curved levers 69 and actuation of the links '70 which will adjust the push rod sections 59 longitudinally along the curved surfaces 61 of the rock levers 56, and in this manner control of the'plunger strokes is had.

It will be seen that the push rod sections 59 on opposite sides of the cylinder must be moved in opposite directions to provide the same adjustment of the pump strokes in the devices associated therewith and, consequently, I provide a control mechanism which will rock the shafts 68 in opposite directions. To this end one of the shafts 68 has fixed thereto an arm '71, while the other shaft 68 has fixed thereto an arm '72 having a gear segment upon its outer end and adapted to mesh with another gear segment on the angular lever '73 which is fixed on a shaft '74; the shaft '74 has fixed thereto a lever '75 by means'of which it can be rocked through manipulation by the operator controlling the engine. through the upper crank case section and is adjustably secured at its ends to the arm '71 and to the lever '73. The tie rod projects through a boss '77 carried by the arm '71 and a boss '78, carried by the lever '73, and nuts '79 are provided adjacent the boss '77 for adjustably securing one end of the tie rod, while two sets of nuts 80 are associated with the boss '78 to adjustably secure the other end of the rod, and such adjustment should be arranged so that the shafts 68 will be rocked simultaneously and uniformly in order that the push rod sections will be adjusted in the same manner. It will be understood that rocking of the lever '75 will rotate the shaft '74 which in turn will'rock the lever '73 and cause rotation of one of the shafts 68 through the gear segment connections and will rotate the other shaft 68 in opposite directions and the same degree through the tie rod connections between the lever '73 and the arm '71.

A tie rod '76 extends transversely v trol mechanisms are associated with the enginev in a manner such that they can be readily assembled and serviced.

While I have herein described in some detail a specific embodiment of my invention, which I deem to be new and advantageous and may specifically claim, I do not desire it to be understood that my invention is limited to the exact details of the construction, as it will be apparent that changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit 'or scope of my invention.

What I claim is:

1. In an in-line plural cylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determining the fuel volume delivered in the charges, articulated push rods, associated with the plunge rs, pivoted rock levers with which the push rods are adjustably related, the adjustment of said push rods on said rock levers varying the stroke of the plungers,-a cam shaft on each side of the cylinders associated to engage the rock levers, a rock shaft adjacent each cam shaft, means connecting the rock shafts, means for actuating the connecting means to rotate the rock shafts, and link means connecting the articulated push rods with the adjacent rock shaft, the rotation of said rock shafts moving the link means and adjusting the relation of the articulated push rods with the rock levers to vary the plunger strokes.

2. In an in-line plural cylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determin-.,

ing the fuel volume delivered in the charges, articulated push rods associated with the plunger, pivoted rock levers with which the push rods are adjustably related, a cam shaft on each side of the cylinders associated to engage the rock levers, a rock shaft adjacent each cam shaft, means connecting the rock shafts including a tie rod, means for actuating the connecting means to cause rotation of the rock shafts, and link means connecting the articulated push rods with the adjacent rock shaft, the rotation of said rock shafts moving the link means and adjusting the relation of the articulated rods relative to the rock levers and thereby varying the plunger strokes.

3. In an in-line plural cylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising I pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determining the fuel volume delivered in the charges, articulated push rods associated with the plungers, pivoted'rock levers with which the push rods are adjustably related, a cam shaft on each side of the cylinders associated to engage the rock levers,

a rock shaft adjacent each cam shaft, means connecting the rock shafts including gear segments, means for actuating the connecting means *to rotate the rock shafts, and link means connecting the articulated push rods with the adjacent rock shafts, the rotation of said rock shafts moving the link means and adjusting the relation of the articulated rods with the rock levers and thereby varying the plunger strokes.v

4. In an in-line pluralcylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determining the fuel volume delivered in the charges, articulated push rods associated with the plungers, pivoted rock levers with which the push rods are adjustably related, a cam shaft on each side of the cylinders associated to engage the rock levers, a rock shaft adjacent each cam shaft, means connecting the rock shafts including a tie rod and gear segments, means for actuating the connecting means to rotate the rock shafts, and link means connecting, the articulated rods with the adjacent rock shaft, the rotation of said rock shafts moving the link means and adjusting the relation of the articulated rods with the rock levers to vary the plunger strokes.

. 5. In an in-line plural cylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determining the fuel volume delivered in the charges, articulated push rods associated with the plungers, pivoted rock levers with which the push rods are adjustably related, a cam shaft on each side of the cylinders associated to engage the rock levers, a rock shaft adjacent each cam shaft, means connecting the rock shafts to rotate them in opposite directions, means for actuating the connecting means to cause rotation of the rock shafts, and link means conmeeting the articulated push rods with the adjacent rock shaft, the rotation of said rock shafts moving the linkv means and adjusting the relation of the articulated push rods similarly with the rock levers to vary the plunger strokes uniformly.

6. In an in-line plural cylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determining the fuel volume delivered in the charges, articulated push rods associated with the plungers, pivoted rock levers with which the push rods ar adjustably related, a cam shaft on each side of the cylinders associated to engage the rock levers, a rock shaft adjacent each cam shaft, means connecting the rock shafts, means for actuating the connecting means to rotate the rock shafts, and means connecting each of the articulated push rods with the rock shafts including an arm fixed to a rock shaft and a link pivotally connected to the arm and to a section of the push rod, the rotation of said rock shafts varying the stroke of the plungers.

'7. In an in-line plural cylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determining the fuel volume delivered in the charges, ar- 1 with the adjacent rock shaft, the rotation of said rock shafts moving the link means and adjusting the relation of the articulated rods with the rock levers to vary the plunger strokes.

8. In an in-line plural cylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determining the fuel volume delivered in the charges, articulated push rods associated with the plungers, pivoted rocklevers with which the push rods are adjustably related, a cam shaft on each side of the cylinders associated to engage the rock levers, a rock shaft adjacent each cam shaft, link means connecting the articulated push rods with the adjacent rock shaft, the rotation of said'rock shafts moving the link means and adjusting thearticulated push rods to vary the plunger strokes, and connecting means between the rock shafts including an arm fixed to one rock shaft, a gear segment fixed to the other rock shaft, a bell crank geared to the gear segment, a shaft on which said bell crank is mounted, a tie rod connecting the bell crank with the arm on the rock shaft, and a lever fixed to the shaft on which the bell crank is mounted for rocking the same, movement of the lever causing similar rotation of the rock shafts in opposite directions.

9. In an in-line plural cylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determining the fuel volume delivered in the charges, articulated push rods associated with the plungers, pivoted rock levers with which the push rods are adjustably related, a cam shaft on each side of the cylinders associated to engage the rock levers, a rock shaft adjacent each cam shaft, link means connecting the articulated push rods with the adjacent rock shaft, the rotation of said rock shafts moving the link means and adjusting the relation of the articulated rods with the rock levers to vary the plunger strokes, means connecting the rock shafts including an adjustable tie rod, and means for actuating the connecting means to cause rotation of the rock shafts.

10. In an in-line plural cylinder internal combustion engine, fuel injecting means comprising pumps including plungers at the sides of the cylinders, the stroke of said plungers determining the fuel volume delivered in the charges, articulated push rods associated with the plungers, pivoted rock levers with which the rods are adjustably related, a cam shaft on each side of the cylinders driven in opposite directions and associated to engage the rock levers, a rock shaft adjacent each cam shaft, means connecting the rock shafts, said means causing the rock shafts to rotate in opposite directions when rotated, means for actuating the rock shaft connecting means to cause rotation of the rock shafts, and link means connecting the articulated push rods with the adjacent rock shaft to adjust 'the same on the two sides of the cylinders, the rotation of said rock shafts moving the link means and adjusting the relation of the articulated rods in opposite directions on the two sides of the cylinders to vary the plunger strokes uniformly.

11. In an internal combustion engine, fuel injection devices on opposite sides of the engine for injecting charges into a cylinder, each of said devices including engine actuated pump mechanism adjustable to vary the volume of the charges injected, interconnected adjusting means associated with the pump mechanisms, and means associated with the interconnected means and operable to regulate the individual adjustment of said pump mechanisms.

12. In an internal combustion engine, fuel injection devices on opposite sides of the engine for injecting charges into a cylinder, each of said devices including engine actuated pump JESSE G. VINCENT.

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