US1691302A - Fuel-injection engine - Google Patents

Description

NOV. 13, 1928.

A. C. PETERSON FUEL INJECTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 21, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet II n v A. C. PETERSON FUEL INJECTION ENGINE Nav. 13, 1928.

Filed Feb. 21, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 WVHMH 7 I? 0 Patented Nov. 13, 1928.

UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' ADOLPHE G. PETERSON, F MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

QfiUEL-IZNJECTIQN ENGINE. I Application filed February 21, 1923. Serial No. 620,529.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularly to an improved system employing injection wherefore it is operation and efiicien'cy in both the smaller and larger types. In general the object is to provide an improved injected tuel engiine having increased efiicien'cy and utilization.'- l

The principal devices and combinations of devices comprising my invention are as hereinafter described and defined in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate my invention, like characters refer tolike parts throughout the several views.

Referring -t0',the drawings: I Figure 1 is a. view chiefly in vertical cross section on the linzlU-X of Figure 2. some parts being shown in full. side elevation and some parts being broken away.

Figure 2 isa view in vertical GIOiS section at right angles to that of Figure L'this view being on the line X -X of, Figure 1. some parts being broken away and some parts p being shown in full side elevation.

Flgure 8. is a vlew 1n protractl on'ot' the face ofthe distributor shown in Figures 1 4 shaft 6 rotatably mounted in hearings in the crank case. The crank case 1 has a contral wall 7 dividing the crank case into compartments related to each cylinder and each compartment has related a .port controlled by an automatic flap valve'8 whereby atmospheric air may freely enter the relatedcrank compartment during ascending strokes of the related piston and the air 1s prevented from return to the atmosphere. Each crank compartment has related air ports in the cylindercasting each to inlet ports 9 in the side wall of the'related --cylinder the inlet ports being at such a height in the cylinder :wall that the inlet ports are just uncoveredat the lower extreme limit of stroke .of the related piston. Each cylinder has also exhaust ports lO located in the side walls of the cylinder immediately above the inlet ports Q'whereby these exhaustports are uncovered just before the piston uncoverc the inlet ports and. these exhaust ports have free delivery to the atmosphere.

The cylinder head casting 3 has formed delivering through related passages nessuro with it integ'rallyone for each cylinder c0m-:

bust-ion chambers 11 which severally'have a. circular and somewhat annular form and have each an opening or port 12 providin relatively free communicationwith the cy 'inder bore related. Each of the combustion chambers 11 have vertical vanes 13 located in a circle about the axial center of the combustion chamber these vanes being of such ashape and all having such a uniformly extending direction related to the circular positionof the set that they will collectively induce circular movement or rotation in the extremeannular portion of the combustion chamber of any gases passing from the cen tral pbrtion oi the combustion chamber ra- .dially outward to the outward'portions of the combustion chamber. chamber has attached to its upper face or uper wall in its exact center a nozzle cylinder body 14: which has inserted in its lower end a nozzle 15 adapted to deliver through a fine central aperture 16to the" center of the related combustion chamber. and which has also reciprocably' mounted within it-to be Each combustion adapted to reciprocate vertically a needle piston 17 which bears at its lower. side a related nozzle needle 18. The nozzle cylinder body .14 is closed at its upper end by a cap 19. Each'nozzle cylinder body l has delivery or communication from its interior bore by two conduits one 20 having communicat-ion with the portion of the bore above the needle piston 17 and one 21 having communication with the portion of the bore below the needle piston 17. The conduit-s20 and bodies 14 communicate at their other ends i dividually with the interior of a distributor casing 22 or the isolated spaces therein 21 of all the nozzle cylinder as hereinafter described and as controlled by a rotatable distributor 23 which is rotated communication during greatest portion of the revolution with the through its axle rod 24 and gears 2526 by the crank shaft 6 at a speed the same as that of the crank shaft, and is movable vertically in the direction of its axis by means of manually controlled screwable sleeve 27 providing location axially of the axle, rod 24 by means of the collars 2829.

The rotatable distributor 23 has two radial lesser portion with the remaining space 34 of the interior of the distributor casing 22 and so that at corresponding portions of the revolution the lower conduits 21 will have substantially the space 34 and during the lesser portion of the revolution with the interior channel 32.

The conduits 20 and 21 related to one cylinder have their communication at the lesser periods simultaneously so that the inversion ofthe communication is simultaneous as to one cylinder and'the communication is reversed. as to the conduits of one cylinder at t such timed periods relative to the crank shaft movement that the reversal occurs in or as to each cylinder at the'time when the related piston is passing through its extreme upper stroke, and the timed periods of the reversal movement may occur as to each. cylinder during a period determined as to its relative length by the relative vertical location of the distributor by the manual control sleeve 27 Sincethe upper portion of eachnozzle' cylinder bore is normally connected with the interior channel 32 whch as hereinafter described is the highpressure' side of the fuel system and the lower portion of the nozzle cylinder bore is normally connected with the lower pressure side of the fuel system, the needle pistons in each nozzle cylinder bore will'normallybe closely depressed with the related needle against the seat in the nozzle but at the reversal periods as to each cylinder the pressures in the related nozzle cylinder bore will'be reversed and the needle piston with its needle then quickly moved upward whereby the aperture 16 related will be uncovered and fuel released from the nozzle cylinder bore at the lower side into the related cylinder. The pressures at the moment of reversal in each nozzle cylinder bore at the lower side of the needle piston will be "that of the high pressure side of the system and this will be uniformly sustained'by a pair of fuel pumps 35 and 36', operated by the crank shaft and reciprocating in a pump casing 37 the pump 35 being adapted to pump fuel from the space 34 of the distributor casing and the fuel pump 36 being adapted to pump fuel-from a supply conduit 38, each of the pumps delivering into a chan-' nel 39 which has communication with a'diaphram casing bore40 and has also communi- I cation through conduits and passages 41 4243 with the interior channel 32 whereby fuel -pumped from the space '34 and fuel pumped from the supply conduit 38 are cont'nuously delivered to the interior channel 32, the pressure of delivery of the fuel being however controlled by a needle valve 44 normally held seated against a by-pass 45 bypassing the fuel back to the'supply conduit 38 by a diaphragm 46 and spring 47 which is regulable by a manual screw 48. The d1s-' trib?- or casing has in its side wall a by-pass' 1 49 wh ereby the interior channel 32 will be by-passed to the space 34 for neutral or inactive operation when the distributor 1s moved to its lowermost position by the manual'control sleeve.

Each piston 4 has upon its'upper piston head anattached or lntegrally constructed deflector extension 50-whereby the air from the inlet ports will at its entry be deflected upward. I

Each combustion chamber ll hasinserted in its wall a spark plug or other ignition device 51 whereby electrical ignition for starting or otherwise as desired may be provided.

In the operat on of my engine the engine crank shaft is given its initial revolution by any of the means commonly employed for such purpose and after such initial revolution takes up its regular cycle each cylinder having an induction of fresh air from the related crank chamber as compressed therein in the commonly used two cycle form at the moment of uncovering of the inlet ports and the inducted air charge'is then compressed in the cylinder and the distributor at the period of approximately maximum compression in the cylinder reverses the fuel pressures in the related conduits 2021 and the fuel released from the fuel pressure system into the combustion chamber 11, the fuel being by the high pressure sprayed in a fine spray into the central portion of the combustion chamber 11 and from thence carried by the entering airunder compression from the cylinder bore into the annular por- IOU whereby the needle pistonv related is lifted tion of the combustion chamber 11 and divrected in such movement in a uniformly directed rotational movement about the annular portfon whereby great turbulence and admixture of the fuel charge with the air charge and a hastened combustion is secured. The fuel injection is for this purpose preferably timed to take place a trifle before the maximum compression and may extend pletion of the fuel combustion.

througlnthis maximum compression period as determined by the construction. It is to.

cylinder will occur from a uniformly ma1ntained pressure supply of fuel thus providing uniform injection ,to each cyl nder; While I have shown a particularform of "distributing means for the fuel system or reversal means, and a particular pump means I contemplate that any form of such distributor means may be employed and that any form of means maintaining the high pressure side of the system at a somewhat higher pressure than the lower pressure side I may be used and that any means for providing a supply of fuel under pressure to the system may beused and sustaining the pressure at a substantially uniform degree and that any form of controlling the pressure may be used and .any form of varying the length of-the reversal period may be.

employed. The pump system and distribu- -tor may .be constructed in an integral body for simplicity of construction. It is to benoted. that, the fuel pressure on the high pressure side would preferably be -maintained at say a pressure of some eight hundred or a thousand or more'pounds and that the pressure on the low pressure side would preferably be maintained at a pressure only a comparatively fewpounds less say a hundred or less pounds under that of the higher pressure side whereby less tendency to leakage between the pressure sides would occur, although it is to be noted that such leakage is not an important factor in the operation as the fuel injection pressures are uniform, the pressure difference between the sides being essentially only'such that the nesessary prompt or immediate action of the needle pistons is secured.

VVhile- I have shown particular detailed means and combinations in the illustration of my invention I contemplate that any detailed means or combinations may be used 1 in the i"ealization of my invention without departing from the. spirit and intention thereof.

It is to be noted here that each set of conduits comprising an upper high pressure and the lower pressure conduit may control one or more nozzles as where there may be used several nozzles to one large cylinder or where several cylinders are timed to have combustion simultaneously.

What I claim is 1'. A valve actuating apparatus comprising a fluid distributor and a plurality of valve pistons in valve piston casings, means whereby the fluid distributor may cause reversal of pressures on the opposite sides of j the "valve. pistons,periodically, and means whereby the reversal of a piston causes a change in the release of fluid to a related ,cylinder chamber.

. 2; A Lvalve actuatincr apparatus comprising a plurality of va ve pistons in valve piston casings, a fluid distributor having high pressure chamber and low pressure chamber and means causing the high pres sure fluid of the high pressurechamber to be effective upon one side of a piston and the low upon the other side during a normal period and whereby the fluid. distributor causes reversal of the fluid pressures upon the piston sides during a fluid releasing period and means whereby the fluid 15 released to a related cylinder chamber during the fluid releasing period.

3. In an internal combustion engine, cylinders and cooperating pistons, a valve piston in a valve casing related to eachcylinder, a fluid distributor having high pressure cham-- ber and low pressure chamber and means causing the high pressure fluid of'the high -,pressure chamber to be effective upon one side of a valve piston'and the low upon the other side of the valve piston during a normal period and whereby the fluid distributor causes reversal of the'fluid pressures upon the valve piston sides during a fluid releasing periodand means whereby the fluidis released to a related cylinder chamber during the fluid releasing period.

4. In an internal combustion engine, an engine cylinder and cooperating piston, a valve piston reciproca'ble in a valve casing,

a source of fluid fuel underhigh pressure, in 1 combination with meanstimed in relation to the operation of. the cooperating piston whereby the high pressure fluidfuel is pe riodically effective on one side of the valve piston and at alternative periods on the other side of the valve piston, and means whereby at each period when the high pres sure fluid fuel is effective on a particular side of the valve piston. fluid fuel'will be released to the engine cylinder.

' 5. 'In an internal combustion engine, an

engine cylinder and a cooperating piston, a valve piston reciprocable in a valve casing, a source of fluid fuel under high pressure, in combination with means timed in relation 'with the operation of the cooperating piston whereby periodically high pressure fluid fuel is efitective' on one side of thevalve piston and at alternative periods on the other side of the valve piston, a'valve adapted tobe actuated by the valve pistonand controll ng a port of communication with the engine cylinder whereby at each period when the high pressure fluid fuel is elfective on a particular side of the valve piston, fuel from the high pressure fluid fuel source will be released to the engine cylinder.

6. In an engine, an engine combustion chamber and a cooperating motor element, a-

[valve piston reciprocable in a valve casing, a

source of fluid fuel under high pressure, in

. combination with means timed in relation with the operation of thefcycle of combustion whereby periodically thehigh pressure fluid fuel is effective on oneside of the valve piston and at alternative periods on the other side of the valve piston, and means whereby at each period when the high pressure fluid fuel iseifective on a particular side of the valve piston, fluid fuel will be released.

to the combustion chamber.

7.. In an internal combustion engine, engine cylinders and-cooperating pistons, a

valve piston reciprocable in a valve casing related to each engine cylinder, a source of fluid fuel under high pressure, in combination with means timed in. relation to the actuation of the cooperating pistons whereby the high pressure fluid fuel is periodically effective on one side of each valve piston in timed relation to the actuation of the related cooperating piston and at alternative periods on the other side of the respective valve piston, and means whereby at each period when the high pressure fuel is effective on a particular side of the valve pislou, fuel is released to the related engine cylinder. 8. In an internal combustion engine, en-.

gine cylinders-and. cooperating pistons, a valve piston reciprocable in a valve casing related to each engine cylinder, a source of fluid fuel under high pressure in combination with means timed in relation to the actuation of the cooperating pistons whereby the liigh, pressure fluid fuel is periodically effective on one side of each valve piston in timed relation to the actuation of the related cooperating piston, and at alternative periods on the other side of the respective valve piston and means whereby a valve is adapted to be actuated by each valve piston and controlling a port of communication with the engine cylinder whereby ateach period when high pressure fluid fuel isefl'ective on a par tioular side of a valve piston, fluid fuel from the high pressure fluid" fuel source will released to an engine "cylinder.

9. In an internal. combustion engine, en

gine cylinders and cooperating pistons, a

conduit system wherein fluid fuel is maintained at high pressure and a conduit system wherein fluid fuel is maintained at low pressure, in combination with a valve p1ston related to each cylinder controlling a related port of delivery to the engine cylinder whereby when the valve piston is moved by high pressure fluid fuel on a particular side fuel is released to the engine cylinder and means whereby the high pressure fluid ahd the lowpressure fluid are effective on opposite sides of the valve piston of each cylinder and whereby there is periodiereversal of the fluid systems on the valve piston of each cylinder in timed relation to the actuation of the cooperating piston of the cylinder.

I 10. In an internal combustion engine, an engine cylinder and cooperating piston, a conduit system wherein fluid fuel is maintained at high pressure and a conduit system wherein fluid fuel is maintained at a lesser pressure in combination with a valve piston adapted to control a port of delivery from the space on one side of the valve piston to the engine cylinder and means whereby the high pressure fluidand the low pressure fluid fuel are effective on opposite "sides of the valve piston and whereby there is periodic reversal of the fluid systems on the'valve piston in timed relation to the actuation of the cooperating piston.

11. An engine cylinder and a cooperating common valve means for reversing the coinmunicationof the high and low pressure conduits with each port -of fuel delivery periodically in timed relation with the operation of the related cooperating piston. 1

13. Engine cylinders and cooperating pistons, ports, of fuel delivery one related to each cylinder, a fuel conduit wherein liquid fuel is maintained under high pressure and a fuel conduit wherein liquid fuel is maintained at a lesser pressure, and a rotatable v valve means actuable in timed relation with the cooperating pistons and operating to periodically reverse the communication of the high and low pressure conduits with the ports of fuel delivery, the reversals occurring as to each port of fuel delivery in timed relation with the cooperating piston.

14. In an internal combustion engine, combustion chambers, and a cooperatlng motor element, valve piston chambers each having a cooperating reciprocable valve piston, nozzles related one to'each valve piston chamber and delivering to a related combustion chamber, a high pressure liquid fuel supply and a low pressure liquid fuel supply, a distributing means providing means connecting the high pressure liquid fuel supply with one side of each valve piston chamber and the low pressure liquid fuel supply with the other side of each valve piston chamber and providing means for periodically reversing the connections with each valve piston chamber in timed" rela tion, and means whereby eachvalve pistoir during its reversal period permits emission of liquid fuel from the valve piston chamber through its nozzle to its related combustion chamber.

15. In an internal combustion engine,

combustion chamber and a cooperating motor element, valve piston chambers each havmg a cooperating reclprocable valve piston,

nozzles related one to each valve piston chamber and delivering to a related combustion chamber, a high pressure liquid fuel supply and a low pressure liquid fuel supply, a distributing means providing means connecting the high pressure liquid fuel supply with one side'of each valve piston chamber and the low'pressure liquid fuel supply with the other side of each valve piston chamber and providing means for periodically reversing the connections with each valve piston chamber in timed relation, and means whereby each valve piston during its reversal period permits emission of liquid fuel from-the valve piston chamber through its nozzle to its related combustion chamber, and means whereby the relative length of the reversal period of each valve piston may be enlarged or din'iinishcd.

16. In an internal combustion engine, combustion chambers and cooperating pistons, valve piston chambers each having a cooperating reciprocable valve piston, nozzles related one to each valve piston chamber and delivering to a related combustion chamber, a high pressure liquid fuel supply and a low pressure liquid fuel supply, a distributing means; providing means connecting the high pressure liquid fuel supply with one side of each valve piston chamber and the low pressure liquid fuel suppl with the other side of each valve piston c 113%! and providing means for periodically reversing the connections with each valve piston chamber in

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