US1946312A - X-ray tube - Google Patents
X-ray tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1946312A US1946312A US523823A US52382331A US1946312A US 1946312 A US1946312 A US 1946312A US 523823 A US523823 A US 523823A US 52382331 A US52382331 A US 52382331A US 1946312 A US1946312 A US 1946312A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- window
- metal
- tube
- ray tube
- grid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
- H01J35/18—Windows
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/12—Cooling
- H01J2235/1204—Cooling of the anode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/12—Cooling
- H01J2235/1225—Cooling characterised by method
- H01J2235/1262—Circulating fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/16—Vessels
- H01J2235/165—Shielding arrangements
- H01J2235/168—Shielding arrangements against charged particles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to X-ray tubes and more particularly to X-ray tubes adapted to operate at voltages which are low, compared with the voltages ordinarily employed with X-ray tubes.
- a window of this type having a thickness of about one-half mil is, for 8000 volt X-rays, slightly more transparent than a 12 mil Window of Lindemann glass and for 4000 volt X-rays such a metal window is much more transparent than the Lindemann glass.
- a metal window is more desirable than glass since metal can be rolled to a definite and uniform thickness providing in this manner an X-ray out put which is uniform in all tubes having equal excitation.
- Metal windows have the disadvantage that the allowable energy input of the tube may be limited due to the heating of the window by bombardment of electrons reflected from the target.
- Fig. 1 an X-ray tube comprising a glass portion 1 and a metal portion 2, the latter portion being provided with a thin metal window 3, very transparent to X-rays and consisting of a ferro-chrome alloy containing about 25 chromium and having a thickness of about one-half mil.
- a cathode 4 mounted in the metal portion of the tube and adjacent the window 3 is a cathode 4 and an anode between which a suitable potential may be applied, this anode being provided with a target 5.
- a metal grid 6 is mounted between the anode or target 5 and the metal win dow.
- Grid 6 may be metallically connected to the cathode element or insulated therefrom and from the anode, as desired. If the grid is insulated from the cathode and anode it will at first be bombarded by electrons until it has acquired cathode potential.
- the grid will thereafter electrostatically prevent electrons from going to the window and will cause electrons which would otherwise go there to be deflected so that they will strike some other portion of the metal envelope 2 or be turned back on the target itself. Substantially the same action takes place when the grid is metallically connected to the cathode. In the latter case the grid is initially at cathode potential and will electrostatically prevent electrons from going from the target to the metal window.
- An X-ray tube including an envelope and containing an anode and a cathode, said tube having a metal window electrically connected to said anode and transparent to X-rays, and means for electrostatically protecting the window from electron bombardment, said means comprising a grid positioned intermediate the target and the window, and a connection between the grid and the cathode.
Landscapes
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
- Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Description
1934- w. D. COOLIDGE 1,946,312
XRAY TUBE Original Filed Oct. 18 1927 Inventor: William D. Coolidge,
bg WW His Abbor'neg.
Patented Feb. 6, 1934 X-RAY TUBE William D. Coolidge, Schenectady, N. Y., assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Original application October 18, 1927, Serial No.
Divided and this application March 19, 1931. Serial No. 523,823
1 Claim.
The present invention relates to X-ray tubes and more particularly to X-ray tubes adapted to operate at voltages which are low, compared with the voltages ordinarily employed with X-ray tubes.
The present application is a division of my copending application Serial No. 227,027, filed Ootober 18, 1927 and entitled X-ray tubes.
In the use of low voltage X-ray tubes, it is necessary to employ a window which is more transparent to X-rays than the lime glass employed in the ordinary X-ray tubes. Although glass, such as the so-called Lindemann glass might be employed, it is diificult to make a glass window of the required diameter which is less than 12 mils in thickness and which has uniform thickness. I have found it advantageous, therefore, to employ a thin metal disc consisting of a ferro-chrome alloy as the window of the tube. A window of this type having a thickness of about one-half mil is, for 8000 volt X-rays, slightly more transparent than a 12 mil Window of Lindemann glass and for 4000 volt X-rays such a metal window is much more transparent than the Lindemann glass.
A metal window is more desirable than glass since metal can be rolled to a definite and uniform thickness providing in this manner an X-ray out put which is uniform in all tubes having equal excitation. Metal windows, however, have the disadvantage that the allowable energy input of the tube may be limited due to the heating of the window by bombardment of electrons reflected from the target.
It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide an X-ray tube having a metal window which is protected from bombardment by refiected electrons.
The novel features which I believe to be characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claim. The invention itself, however, will best be understood from reference to the following specification when considered in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which the figure is a view, partly broken away, and showing partly in section and partly in elevation, an X-ray tube embodying the features of my invention.
Referring to the drawing, I have indicated in Fig. 1 an X-ray tube comprising a glass portion 1 and a metal portion 2, the latter portion being provided with a thin metal window 3, very transparent to X-rays and consisting of a ferro-chrome alloy containing about 25 chromium and having a thickness of about one-half mil. Mounted in the metal portion of the tube and adjacent the window 3 is a cathode 4 and an anode between which a suitable potential may be applied, this anode being provided with a target 5.
In the arrangement as thus far disclosed, if the metal portion 2 of the tube is metallically connected to window 3 and a voltage applied to the electrodes of the tube, electrons will be reflected from target 5 to window 3 causing the latter to become heated and thereby limiting the energy input which may be supplied to the tube. To overcome this dimculty, a metal grid 6 is mounted between the anode or target 5 and the metal win dow. Grid 6 may be metallically connected to the cathode element or insulated therefrom and from the anode, as desired. If the grid is insulated from the cathode and anode it will at first be bombarded by electrons until it has acquired cathode potential. The grid will thereafter electrostatically prevent electrons from going to the window and will cause electrons which would otherwise go there to be deflected so that they will strike some other portion of the metal envelope 2 or be turned back on the target itself. Substantially the same action takes place when the grid is metallically connected to the cathode. In the latter case the grid is initially at cathode potential and will electrostatically prevent electrons from going from the target to the metal window.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,
An X-ray tube including an envelope and containing an anode and a cathode, said tube having a metal window electrically connected to said anode and transparent to X-rays, and means for electrostatically protecting the window from electron bombardment, said means comprising a grid positioned intermediate the target and the window, and a connection between the grid and the cathode.
WILLIAM D. COOLIDGE.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE355009D BE355009A (en) | 1927-10-18 | ||
FR662052D FR662052A (en) | 1927-10-18 | 1928-10-12 | Improvements to chi-ray tubes |
GB30000/28A GB298987A (en) | 1927-10-18 | 1928-10-17 | Improvements in and relating to x-ray tubes |
US523823A US1946312A (en) | 1927-10-18 | 1931-03-19 | X-ray tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US22702727A | 1927-10-18 | 1927-10-18 | |
US523823A US1946312A (en) | 1927-10-18 | 1931-03-19 | X-ray tube |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1946312A true US1946312A (en) | 1934-02-06 |
Family
ID=26921079
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US523823A Expired - Lifetime US1946312A (en) | 1927-10-18 | 1931-03-19 | X-ray tube |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1946312A (en) |
BE (1) | BE355009A (en) |
FR (1) | FR662052A (en) |
GB (1) | GB298987A (en) |
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3679927A (en) * | 1970-08-17 | 1972-07-25 | Machlett Lab Inc | High power x-ray tube |
EP0491471A3 (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1992-09-30 | Varian Associates, Inc. | High power x-ray tube |
WO2009127995A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | X-ray tube with passive ion collecting electrode |
US20100290594A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-18 | Jihad Hassan Al-Sadah | X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode |
US20100290595A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-18 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode |
US9390881B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2016-07-12 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray sources using linear accumulation |
US9449781B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2016-09-20 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray illuminators with high flux and high flux density |
US9448190B2 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2016-09-20 | Sigray, Inc. | High brightness X-ray absorption spectroscopy system |
US9594036B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2017-03-14 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray surface analysis and measurement apparatus |
EP3168856A2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2017-05-17 | Sigray Inc. | X-ray sources using linear accumulation |
US10247683B2 (en) | 2016-12-03 | 2019-04-02 | Sigray, Inc. | Material measurement techniques using multiple X-ray micro-beams |
US10269528B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-04-23 | Sigray, Inc. | Diverging X-ray sources using linear accumulation |
US10295486B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | Detector for X-rays with high spatial and high spectral resolution |
US10295485B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray transmission spectrometer system |
US10297359B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray illumination system with multiple target microstructures |
US10304580B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2019-05-28 | Sigray, Inc. | Talbot X-ray microscope |
US10349908B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2019-07-16 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray interferometric imaging system |
US10352880B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2019-07-16 | Sigray, Inc. | Method and apparatus for x-ray microscopy |
US10401309B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2019-09-03 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray techniques using structured illumination |
US10416099B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-09-17 | Sigray, Inc. | Method of performing X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectrometer system |
US10578566B2 (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2020-03-03 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray emission spectrometer system |
US10656105B2 (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2020-05-19 | Sigray, Inc. | Talbot-lau x-ray source and interferometric system |
US10658145B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2020-05-19 | Sigray, Inc. | High brightness x-ray reflection source |
US10845491B2 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2020-11-24 | Sigray, Inc. | Energy-resolving x-ray detection system |
US10962491B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2021-03-30 | Sigray, Inc. | System and method for x-ray fluorescence with filtering |
USRE48612E1 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2021-06-29 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray interferometric imaging system |
US11056308B2 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2021-07-06 | Sigray, Inc. | System and method for depth-selectable x-ray analysis |
US11152183B2 (en) | 2019-07-15 | 2021-10-19 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray source with rotating anode at atmospheric pressure |
-
0
- BE BE355009D patent/BE355009A/xx unknown
-
1928
- 1928-10-12 FR FR662052D patent/FR662052A/en not_active Expired
- 1928-10-17 GB GB30000/28A patent/GB298987A/en not_active Expired
-
1931
- 1931-03-19 US US523823A patent/US1946312A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3679927A (en) * | 1970-08-17 | 1972-07-25 | Machlett Lab Inc | High power x-ray tube |
EP0491471A3 (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1992-09-30 | Varian Associates, Inc. | High power x-ray tube |
EP0991106A2 (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 2000-04-05 | Varian Associates, Inc. | High power X-Ray tube |
EP0991106A3 (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 2000-05-03 | Varian Associates, Inc. | High power X-Ray tube |
US20110038463A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2011-02-17 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | X-ray tube with passive ion collecting electrode |
WO2009127995A1 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | X-ray tube with passive ion collecting electrode |
US8351576B2 (en) | 2008-04-17 | 2013-01-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | X-ray tube with passive ion collecting electrode |
US20100290595A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-18 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode |
US8259905B2 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2012-09-04 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode |
US20100290594A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-18 | Jihad Hassan Al-Sadah | X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode |
US7852987B2 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2010-12-14 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | X-ray tube having a rotating and linearly translating anode |
US10269528B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-04-23 | Sigray, Inc. | Diverging X-ray sources using linear accumulation |
US10976273B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2021-04-13 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray spectrometer system |
US9390881B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2016-07-12 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray sources using linear accumulation |
US10416099B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-09-17 | Sigray, Inc. | Method of performing X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectrometer system |
US10297359B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray illumination system with multiple target microstructures |
EP3168856A2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2017-05-17 | Sigray Inc. | X-ray sources using linear accumulation |
USRE48612E1 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2021-06-29 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray interferometric imaging system |
US10304580B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2019-05-28 | Sigray, Inc. | Talbot X-ray microscope |
US10349908B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2019-07-16 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray interferometric imaging system |
US10653376B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2020-05-19 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray imaging system |
US10295485B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray transmission spectrometer system |
US9449781B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2016-09-20 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray illuminators with high flux and high flux density |
US9594036B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2017-03-14 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray surface analysis and measurement apparatus |
US10401309B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2019-09-03 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray techniques using structured illumination |
US9448190B2 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2016-09-20 | Sigray, Inc. | High brightness X-ray absorption spectroscopy system |
US10352880B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2019-07-16 | Sigray, Inc. | Method and apparatus for x-ray microscopy |
US10295486B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | Detector for X-rays with high spatial and high spectral resolution |
US10466185B2 (en) | 2016-12-03 | 2019-11-05 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray interrogation system using multiple x-ray beams |
US10247683B2 (en) | 2016-12-03 | 2019-04-02 | Sigray, Inc. | Material measurement techniques using multiple X-ray micro-beams |
US10578566B2 (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2020-03-03 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray emission spectrometer system |
US10845491B2 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2020-11-24 | Sigray, Inc. | Energy-resolving x-ray detection system |
US10989822B2 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2021-04-27 | Sigray, Inc. | Wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer |
US10658145B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2020-05-19 | Sigray, Inc. | High brightness x-ray reflection source |
US10991538B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2021-04-27 | Sigray, Inc. | High brightness x-ray reflection source |
US10656105B2 (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2020-05-19 | Sigray, Inc. | Talbot-lau x-ray source and interferometric system |
US10962491B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2021-03-30 | Sigray, Inc. | System and method for x-ray fluorescence with filtering |
US11056308B2 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2021-07-06 | Sigray, Inc. | System and method for depth-selectable x-ray analysis |
US11152183B2 (en) | 2019-07-15 | 2021-10-19 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray source with rotating anode at atmospheric pressure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB298987A (en) | 1929-11-14 |
BE355009A (en) | |
FR662052A (en) | 1929-08-02 |
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